BESTOW

BEst_0001

Translation

Bibliography

Hopkins 1885, p. 245 quoted this verse as an usual one. Lévi 1908, p. 122 quotes this stanza as the second in his list. Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 22 to this stanza.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions :

• IN01036 = INSSiddham01036 = Bannahaḷḷi Grant of Kr̥ṣṇavarman II, Year 7, reference already mentioned by Lévi 1908, p. 122, Kane 1941, p. 1274

• IN01055 = INSSiddham01055 = Halsi Grant of Ravivarman (5 plates), lines 26-27, reference already mentioned by Lévi 1908, p. 122 (reference quoted by Sircar 1965, n. 1, p. 176)

• IN01026 = INSSiddham01026 = Devagiri Grant of Devavarman, line 11

• IN01031 = INSSiddham01031 = Dāvaṇagere Grant of Ravivarman, Year 34 line 24

• IN01032 = INSSiddham01032 = Kasipura Grant of Ravivarman line 15

• IA5_138-140 = The Mallohalli grant of Durvinītakoṅgaṇi 35th royal year, IA vol5 1876 p.138-140 (the stanza ends the grant. It is preceded by BEst_0132v03, BEst_0023 and BEst_0135 and is introduced by Apicātra manugīto śloko

BEst_0002

Translation

Notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. I, revised ed., p. 35; Ind.Ant., Vol. IV, pp. 333-34. See below, Nos. 37-38.

Inscriptions

This verse is found in the following testimonies:

• EC03Sr157 = Copper Plate at Melukoṭe (Rice 1894, p. 84)

• On a copper plate at Kaṭṭepura,

BEst_0003

Translation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• EI25_21 = Puruṣottampurī Plates of Rāmacandra, śaka 1232, line 122-123 (already mentioned by Sircar 1965.

Occurences

The verse is quoted with no variation in the Dānasāgara of Ballālasena (Bhattacharya 1953, p. 332, verse 41) and is attributed to the Viṣṇudharmottara.

It can be read in Mahābhārata 13.61.43 (GRETIL) with variations in pādas c and d:

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 39. The Mahābhārata (XIII, 62, 46) has it with dīpyanti tejasā bhuvi in the first half and dadāti vasudhāṁ sphītāṁ ye veda-viduṣi dvije in the second. Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 332) seems to attribute the stanza to the Viṣṇudharmottara.

BEst_0004

Translation

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 123, № 4. Hultzsch 1912 underlines the presence of this verse in the Mahābhārata 13.61.45. The source quoted by him is Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8, verse X lines 33-34. Sircar 1965, p. 177 attributes to this verse the number 4 but he suggests the reading pratinandanti in the pāda d (instead of abhinandanti), which seems to be based on the Mahābhārata’s critical edition.

I am restoring the variant readable in the epigraphic sources, i.e. abhinandanti (as of 21 March 2025, I have found no occurrence of pratinandanti in the DHARMA database, which then had 3510 entries). The reading abhinandanti is also found in the Dānasāgara of Ballālasena (Bhattacharya 1953, p. 316, verse 6) and is ascribed here to the Dānabṛhaspati.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• INSSomavamsin00008 =Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 (already mentioned by Sircar 1965

• INSSomavamsin00017 =Orissa State Museum plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 4

• INSSomavamsin00019 =Cuttack plates of Mahābhavagupta Bhīmaratha year 3

• INSSomavamsin00023 =Cuttack plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 9

• INSSomavamsin00040 =Baragaon plates of the time of Janamejaya year 13

• INSSomavamsin00039 =Ruchida plates of Mahābhavagupta year 8

• INSSomavamsin00006 =Patna plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya Kārttika month year 6

• INSSomavamsin00013 =Banpur plates of Indraratha year 6

• INSSomavamsin00004 =Gopalpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 12

• INSSomavamsin00010 =Gaintala plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 17

• INSSomavamsin00035 =A Stray Plate of a Somavaṁśin or Telugu-Coḍa Grant from Kelga

• INSSomavamsin00026 =Kudopali plates of the time of Mahābhavagupta year 13

• INSSomavamsin00022 =Pāṭṇā plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 8

• INSSomavamsin00001 =Vakratentalī grant of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya, Year 3

• INSBengalCharters00039 =Raktamālā Grant no. 1, year 159 GE

INSBengalCharters00039 = Jayarampur Plate of the time of Gopacandra, year 1 (lines 43-44) has the following reading:

Occurences

The verse is found in the Mahābhārata 13,061.045 (GRETIL):

Sircar gives the following occurrences Bṛhaspatisaṁhitā 16, Atrisaṁhitā verse 330 and Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (p. 316)

Notes

1. See, e. g., Ep. Ind., Vol. VIII, p. 142, text lines 33 f. Often abhinandanti is found instead of pratinandanti and sometimes Hutāsana-purogamāḥ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXX, p. 278, text line 14) in the second foot. Sometimes we have Ādityā Vasavo Rudrā in the first and Nārāyaṇaś=ca bhagavān in the third foot (Ep. Carn., Vol.III, No. Sr. 15). The stanza occurs in the Mahābhārata, XIII. 62, 48; Atrisaṁhitā, verse 330 (with abhinandati); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, 16 (with abhinandati, and Vahni° for Viṣṇu°). Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit„ p. 316) attributes the stanza to the Dāna-Br̥haspati. A similar stanza is Pitaraḥ pitr̥-lokasthā deva-loke divaukasaḥ | santarpayanti dātārāṁ bhūmeḥ prabhavatāṁ vara || (Ep. Ind„ Vol XII, p. 97, lines 28-29).

BEst_0004v01

Translation

Inscriptions

This stanza (not noticed by Sircar 1965) is quoted in Raktamālā Grant no. 1, year 159 (see Griffiths 2015).

BEst_0005

Translation

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 122, № 1. Pargiter 1912, p. 252 mentioned this verse as a customary one. This verse corresponds to the number 5 in the list compiled by Kane 1941, pp. 1272–1277. Sircar 1965, p. 177 quotes this verse.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions :

• Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 verse 5 (with an inversion of the pādas c and d)

• Boṇḍā Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 5, not quoted by Sircar 1965 while he uses this reference for BEst_0030

Occurences

At the time being, I am unabled to locate the verse in the Mahābhārata (Sircar 1965, n. 2, p. 177 indicates Mahābhārata III.199.128).

The other references given by Sircar (need to check) are :

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 31

• Saṁvartasaṁhitā, verse 74

• Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 32

• Ballāla’s Ḍānasāgara (p. 317)

Sircar 1965 makes no mention that a variation of this verse (pāda c and d) can be read in the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra, 28.16 :

Gold is the firstborn of Fire; land is the daughter of Viṣṇu; and cows are the children of Sun. A man who gives gift of gold, land or cows obtains an eternal reward. (translation Olivelle 2000, p. 459)

According to Olivelle 2000, p. 346, the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra represents a transitional phase from the prose Dharmasūtras to the verse Smṛtis. Olivelle (Olivelle 2000, p. 10) places Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra’s composition close to the beginning of the common era or even in the first century CE.

Notes

2. CII, Vol. III, pp. 194, 198, 296. Sometimes we have loka-trayaṁ tena bhaved=dhi dattaṁ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 60‚ text lines 51-52). The same stanza occurs in the Mahābhārata, III, 199, 128, Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 31, and Saṁvartasaṁhitā, verse 74, with lokās trayas tena bhavanti dattā°, while the Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 32, has the quarter as teṣām anantaṁ phalam=aśnuvīta. Ballāla’s Ḍānasāgara (op. cit„ p. 317) attributes it to Saṁvar̥ta.

BEst_0006

Translation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Puruṣottampurī Plates of Rāmacandra, śaka 1232 (Mirashi 1939–1940, reference quoted by Sircar 1965)

Variation

See BEst_0006v01.

Occurences

This verse with a variation on the pāda b is quoted by Hemādri in his Dānakhaṇḍa-caturvargacintāmaṇi (p.496) and attributed to the Mahābhārata:

Notes

3. Ep.Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 41. The second half is sometimes read as yaṣṭā bhavati rājendra yo dadāti vasundharām (Ep.Ind. Vol. XXV, p. 278, text lines 12-13 ). Sometimes we have the stanza as Agniṣṭoma-prabhr̥tibhir=iṣṭvā yajñaiḥ sa-dakṣiṇaiḥ| na tat=phalam=avāpnoti bhūmi-dānād=yad=aśnute || (Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 108-09) while the Mahābhārata (XIII, 62, 73) shows this reading with ca sv-āpta- dakṣiṇaiḥ in the second foot.

BEst_0006v01

Translation

Bibliography

Sircar 1965 mentioned this variation of BEst_0006 with this bibliographical reference : Fleet 1885, p. 319, ll. 108-109.

Occurences

Sircar 1965 mentioned the presence of the following variation of this stanza in Mahābhārata 13.61.70 (GRETIL):

BEst_0007

Translation

Notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. IX, Dv. No. 15; Vol. X, Goribidnur No. 3; cf. Vol. XIV, Gu. No. 126.

BEst_0008

Translation

Variation

Notes

5. Ep. Carn., Vol. V, Belur No. 74. Sometimes we have : Akara-kara-kāras=tu go-sahasra-vadhaḥ smr̥taḥ |nivr̥tta-kara-kāras=tu go-koṭi-phalam=aśnute (ibid., Vol. VII, Sk. No. 323). For slight variations, see ibid., Vol. XII. Tp. No. 28. Ibid., Vol. XII, Ck. No. 42 has : Akareṣu karaṁ kr̥tvā bhīṣayitvā ca go-vrajam | sva-vaṁśaḥ kāla-sūtre ca kramaśo bhuvi pātyate ||

BEst_0009

Translation

Variation

Notes

1. Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 177. Sometimes we have Andhakaḥ sapta janmāni in the first foot and svayaṁ datt-āpahārakāḥ in the last.

Inscriptions

This verse can be read in the inscriptions numbered 2, 11, 20, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 63, 64, 78, 79 edited by Chhabra 1957, appendix A, p. 177

BEst_0009v01

Translation

⟨Even⟩ a dog, ⟨though⟩ a consumer of the vomit of others, does not eat its own puke. The villain who revokes his own gift is more miserable than a dog.

Inscriptions

See Kaṇḍyam plates of Dānārṇava (see Narasimham 1937–1938)

BEst_0010

Translation

Inscriptions

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0071. An occurrence of this stanza is found in Antirigam plates of Jaya-Bhanja-Deva (EI19_5 = Rath 1927–1928, reference given by Sircar 1965, n. 2, p. 178).

Occurences

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0019, BEst_0024, BEst_0035, BEst_0036, BEst_0071, BEst_0071v01, BEst_0138, BEst_0141, BEst_0146, BEst_0148, BEst_0182, BEst_0192.

BEst_0011

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Carn., Vol. XIV, IIg. No. 143.

BEst_0012

Translation

Variation

Notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. VII, Sk. No. 63. For vajra-lepaṁ bhaviṣyati in the last foot, see ibid., Vol. XII, Tp. No. 28. This stanza is not specially related to dāna as also the verse : Anityāni śarīrāṇi vibhavaṁ n=aiva śāśvatam | nityaṁ sannihito mr̥tyuḥ kartavyo dharma-saṁgrahaḥ||(A. R. Ep. 1946-47, No. B 208).

BEst_0013

Translation

Notes

5. Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII, p. 12 (text lines 25-26) reads the second and third feet as anyāyena tu hāritā and harato hārayataś=ca. The Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 36) has the stanza with: yair=narair=apahāritā in the second foot and harato hārayantaś=ca hanyus=te saptamaṁ kulam in the second half. Cf. Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 34. See below. No. 100.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Kāsipura Grant of Ravivarman line 16 with variations in pāda c

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, n. 5, p. 178, the verse is found in Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 36) and Padma Purāṇa VI.33.34.

I found one occurrence in the Revākhaṇḍa of the Skandapurāṇa 142.65 (GRETIL) with the following variation:

BEst_0014

Translation

Variation

Notes

6. Ep. Carn., vol. III, ML. No. 121. Sometimes we have : Anyais tu charditaṁ kṣudraiḥ śvabhiś ca charditaṁ na tu| tataḥ kaṣṭas tato nīcaḥ svayaṁdattāpahārakaḥ || (Ind. Ant., Vol. IV, p. 334).

BEst_0015

Translation

Variation

Notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol XIII, p. 22. Cf. Śāstreṣu pāpīnāṁ dr̥ṣṭaṁ prāyaścittaṁ dvijottama | na dr̥ṭṣaṁ bhūmi-hartr̥ṇām prāyaścittaṁ *dvija kvacit || Śivaputro jano dātā pālakah punya-bhāk=param l lopakr̥c=ca makāpāpī vicārya=aivam prapālayet || (Khare, op. cit., p. 34); Aṣṭāviṁśati-kotyo yā narakāṇāṁ su-dāruṇāh | kramena tāsu pacyante deva-brahma-sva-hāriṇaḥ || (Ep. Ind.,Vol. XXXI. p. 110).

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Inscription A of the time of the Ratta Prince Kartavirya IV, AD 1204, from Belgaum, now in the Bristish Museum Barnett 1915–1916 (reference given by Sircar 1965, p. 178

• Gadag Inscription of Vira-Ballala II, śaka samvat 1114, lines 51-52 Lüders 1900–1901 (reference not given by Sircar 1965)

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 20 to this stanza

BEst_0016

Translation

Inscriptions

See Bendigeri plates of the Yadava king Krishna (Indian Antiquary, volume 14, 1885, p.68-75, lines 106-107).

Notes

1. Ind. Ant., Vol.XIV, p. 73.

BEst_0017

Translation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• EI28_13 = Hiregutti Plates of Bhoja Aśaṁkita (Desai [1958] 1949–1950, reference given by Sircar 1965)

Bibliography

In his introduction, Sircar 1965, n. 3, pp. 174–175 classifies this stanza as not a quotation but a stanza composed by a court poet.

BEst_0018

Translation

Inscriptions

See EI19_5 = Antirigam plates of Jaya-Bhanja-Deva (Rath 1927–1928, reference given by Sircar 1965).

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XIX, p. 45, text lines 30-31.

BEst_0019

Translation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Benares Copper-plate Grant of Govindracandra of Kanauj Saṁvat 1162, lines 20-21 (introduced by the sentence atrātha paurāṇikāḥ ślokāḥ).

• Nalanda Plate of Devapāla, year 35, vers XX lines 48-49

• EI1_11 = The Madhuban Copper-Plate of Harsha Dated Samvat 25, line 16 (Bühler 1892

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1276 attributes the number 31 to this stanza in his list with the following reading (pāda b):

Occurences

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0010, BEst_0024, BEst_0035, BEst_0036, BEst_0071, BEst_0071v01, BEst_0138, BEst_0141, BEst_0146, BEst_0148, BEst_0182, BEst_0192.

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 277, text lines 22-25; cf. Vol. XXXVI, p. 46.

BEst_0020

Translation

Variation

A slight variation in the pāda d can be read in Mallasarul Charter of Vijayasena, time of Gopacandra year 3 lines 20-21 verse 6:

A slight variation in the pāda c can be read in Malgā Plates of Indrabala, Year 11 lines 24-25 (= Malgā plates of Sāmanta Indrarāja, Sircar and Sankaranarayanan [1963] 1959–1960)

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 123, № 5. Pargiter 1912, p. 252 mentioned this verse as a customary one. Kane 1941, p. 1273 attributes the number 11 to this stanza in his list. Sircar 1965, p. 179 quotes this verse.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions :

• Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 verse 6 (with a slight variation in pāda c bhūmidātā instead of bhūmido ’smat).

Occurences

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0010, BEst_0019, BEst_0035, BEst_0036, BEst_0071, BEst_0071v01, BEst_0138, BEst_0141, BEst_0146, BEst_0148, BEst_0182, BEst_0192.

The verse is attributed to Viṣṇudharma by Aparārka (p.370 Ācārādhyāya commentary on the Yājñavalkya-dharmaśāstra) and quoted with the following variation:

The verse (with the following variation in pāda b) is attributed to Bṛhaspati in the Dānakhaṇḍacaturvargacintāmaṇi of Hemādri (p. 507) and quoted with the following variation:

Notes

5. CII, Vol. III. p. 119. Sometimes we have nandanti tasya pitaraḥ or nr̥tyanti pitaras=tasya (Ep. Ind.,Vol. XXIX, p. 194, text line 35; Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 38) in the first foot and valgayanti for pravalganti, or valganti ca and sa naḥ santārayiṣyati (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 60, text lines 52-53; p. 218, verse 38). For Ānandanti ca pitaraḥ in the first foot, sec Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 164, text line 20. The stanza occurs in the Padma Purāṇa, VI‚ 33, 17 (with pitaro varṇayanti and bhūmi-dātā kule); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 17 (with praharṣanti pitāmahāḥ); SkandaPurāṇa, op. cit., verse 24 (with kathayanti pitāmahāḥ and so= ’smān=santārayiyṣati ). Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit., p. 317, with pravadanti and so= ’smān=santārayiyṣati ) and Aparārka (Yājñavalkīya-Dharmaśāstra-nibandha, Anandasrama Press, p. 370) assign it to Br̥haspati and the Viṣṇudharmottara respectively.

BEst_0021

Translation

Inscriptions

See The Baudh Grant of Raṇabhañjadeva, the 54th year, lines 26-27 (Banerji 1913–1914, reference given by Sircar 1965).

Notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, text lines 26-27. The second half is also given as kr̥tvā yat=phalam-\-āpnoti bhūmi-dānat=tad=aśnute(Ep. Carn., Vol. X, Malur No. 57).

BEst_0022

Translation

Notes

1. Ind. Ant.,VoI. XII. p. 127.

BEst_0023

Translation

Variation

A variation of the pāda b can be read in Vēḷvikkuṭi grant, time of Neṭuñcaṭaiyaṉ, year 3 verse XXIII (in his note 2 p.180 Sircar 1965 silently emends ca narādhipaiḥ):

A variation of the padā b can be read in Kalaikuri-Sultanpur Plate of the Time of Kumāragupta I verse IV lines 32-33 (already quoted by Sircar 1965, n. 2, p. 180):

A variation of the pāda b (not quoted by Sircar 1965) can be read in Copper plates from Kānukollu — reign of Skandavarman, year 1, one the the earliest plates of the Śālaṅkāya dynasty which are in prakrit language except for this final stanza:

A variation of the pāda b (not quoted by Sircar 1965) can be read in SII 4.1030 SII 4.1030: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri, lines 3-4:

Bibliography

This verse is already quoted as an usual one by Hopkins 1885, p. 244. It was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 124, № 11, who had already noticed that it was one of the most commonly quoted verses, found throughout the Indian sub-continent and even beyond, in Nepal for example. Pargiter 1912, p. 249 mentioned this verse as a customary one. This verse corresponds to the number 1 in the list of forty-three customary stanzas compiled by Kane 1941, pp. 1271–1277. He edits this one with the reading dattā instead of bhuktā (pāda a). In his note 1, he offers a lot of epigraphic quotations of this verse and the following references: PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 26-27; BhaviṣyaPurāṇa, IV, 164, 22 (with bhuktā, for dattā); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 26; Vr̥ddha-Gautama, according to Aparārka.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Benares Copper-plate Grant of Govindracandra of Kanauj Saṁvat 1162, lines 19-20 (introduced by the sentence atrātha paurāṇikāḥ ślokāḥ).

• Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli)

• See Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 verse 2 (with dattā instead of bhuktā in padā a

• Malgā Plates of Indrabala, Year 11 lines 19-20

• Boṇḍā Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 5, not quoted by Sircar 1965 while he uses this reference for BEst_0030

• Copper plates from Godavari district (set I) — reign of Pṛthivīśrīmūla, year 25 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with bahubhiś cānupālitā in pāda b

• CCopper plates from Godavari district (set II) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with bahubhiś cānupālitā in pāda b

• Copper plates from Kondavidu (set I) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, year 25 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with bahubhiś cānupālitā in pāda b

• Copper plates from Kondavidu (set II) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, year 43 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with bahubhiś cānupālitā in pāda b

• Copper plates from Kondavidu (set III) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, year 43 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with bahubhiś cānupālitā in pāda b

Occurences

I found an occurrence of the pādas c and d in the Revākhaṇḍa of the Skandapurāṇa 142.63 (GRETIL). The complete stanza can be read as follows:

Sircar 1965 also indicates the following references (need to check):

• PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 26-27

• BhaviṣyaPurāṇa, IV, 164, 22, (with bhuktā, for dattā)

• SkandaPurāṇa, op.cit., verse 25 (with rājabhiḥ pr̥thivi tviyam)

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 26

• Vr̥ddha-Gautama, according to Aparārka, op. cit., p. 541

• Dāna-Br̥haspati, according to Ballāla (op. cit., pp. 316-17)

Notes

2. CII, Vol. III. pp. 96, 104, 108, 115, 119, 122, 127, 133, etc., where this stanza is found together with Ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi, etc. (No. 123), which is also noticed in some cases without this one (cf. ibid., pp. 238, 247). Sometimes dattā (ibid., p.296) appears instead of bhuktā and bahubhiś=ānupālitā (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 80, text line 43), or bhujyate ca punaḥ punaḥ (ibid., p. 66, text line 32), or rājabhiś=ca punaḥ punaḥ (ibid., Vol. XV, p. 1-39, verse 13), or bhujyate ca narādhipaiḥ (ibid., Vol. XVII. p. 304, verse 23 )‚ or bahudhā vasudh-ādhipaiḥ (ibid., Vol. XXXI, p. 93; often vasudhā wrongly for bahudhā— ibid., Vol. XXI p. 25, text line 10) for rājabhiḥ Sagar-ādibhiḥ. occasionally we have : Rājabhir=bahubhir=dattā (Iyaṁ rāja-śatair=dattā—ibid., Vol. XXII. p. 161, text line 22) dīyate ca punaḥ punaḥ (ibid., Vol. XX, p. 159) in the first half which sometimes also reads as Manu-prabhr̥tibhir=mānyair=bhuktā yady=api rājabhiḥ (ibid., Vol. XXVIII, p. 75, text lines 11 –12). For pārthivaiḥ instead of rājabhiḥ, see Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 267. The stanza occurs in the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 26-27; BhaviṣyaPurāṇa, IV, 164, 22 (with bhuktā, for dattā); SkandaPurāṇa, op. cit., verse 25 (with rājabhiḥ pr̥thivi tv=iyam);Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 26; also Vr̥ddha-Gautama, according to Aparārka, op. cit., p. 541. Ballāla (op. cit., pp. 316-17) attributes the stanza(with dattā for bhuktā) to the Dāna-Br̥haspati. Cf. two analogous stanzas : Yas=tu pālayate bhūmiṁ bhūmipālas=tath=etaraḥ | sa dātuḥ phalam=āpnoti samaṁ dīrghaṁ ca jīvati || Yānti kālena rājāno mahī punar=avasthitā | tad=stāṁ yo yadā bhuṅkte sa tadā phalam=aśnute l| (Ep. Ind., Vol.XXXVI, pp. 18, 46).

BEst_0023v01

Translation

This land has been given again and again by hundreds of kings; whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• BengalCharters00034 = Jagadispur Charter of the Time of Kumāragupta I lines 26-27

• BengalCharters00084 = Mallasarul Plate of Vijayasena, time of Gopacandra, year 3

• Siddham00134 = Kotalipada Charter of the Time of Dvādaśāditya, lines 30-31

BEst_0023v02

Translation

Numerous kings have been and are giving land again and again. Whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Paharpur Charter of the Time of Budhagupta lines 23-24

BEst_0023v03

Translation

Kings disappear with time, but the earth remains. So be it! Whoever enjoys (the earth), when he enjoys (it), obtains the fruit.

Inscriptions

Jodhpur Fragmentary Grant of Simharaja, Vikrama 1054 (1 plate), lines 9-10 (see Chhabra 1964–1965, already mentioned by Sircar 1965)

BEst_0023v04

Translation

Kings disappear with time, but the earth remains. So be it! Whoever enjoys (the earth), when he enjoys (it), obtains the fruit.

Inscriptions

Ekallahāra Grant of Trilochanapāla, śaka 972, lines 49-50 (see Sircar [1970] 1965–1966, already mentioned by Sircar 1965)

BEst_0023v05

Translation

Even if land has been given by respectable kings beginning with Manu, whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.

Inscriptions

Hiregutti Plates of Bhoja Aśaṁkita (Desai [1958] 1949–1950, already quoted by Sircar 1965, n. 2, p. 180).

BEst_0024

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 216, text lines 25–26.

Inscriptions

This stanza becomes a dynastic stanza specifically used by the Bhaumakara kings since the Neulpur Plate of Śubhākara year 30. See the following inscriptions:

• Neulpur Plate of Śubhākara II, year 30, line 33 (Tripathy 2000, № 4, pp. 110–115)

• Terundia Plate of Śubhākara III, year 100, lines 25-26 (Tripathy 2000, № 7, pp. 120–124)

• Hindol Plate of Śubhākara IV, year 103, line 28 (Tripathy 2000, № 8, pp. 125–130)

• Dharakote Plate of Śubhākara IV, year 103, lines 28-29 (Tripathy 2000, № 9, pp. 131–134)

• Talcher Plate of Śivakara IV, year 149, line 33 (Tripathy 2000, № 11, pp. 140–146)

• Talcher Plate of Śivakara IV, year 149, lines 33-34 (Tripathy 2000, № 12, pp. 147–153)

• Baud Grant of Tribhuvanamahādevī, year 158, line 39 (Tripathy 2000, № 13, pp. 154–160)

• Baud Grant of Tribhuvanamahādevī, year 158, lines 39-40 (Tripathy 2000, № 14, pp. 161–166)

• Dhenkanal Grant of Tribhuvanamahādevī, year 160, line 37 (Tripathy 2000, № 15, pp. 167–172)

• Arabala Grant of Daṇḍimahādevī, year 183, lines 38-39 (Tripathy 2000, № 19, pp. 191–196)

• Kumurang Grant of Daṇḍimahādevī, year 187, line 39 (Tripathy 2000, № 20, pp. 197–202)

• A Grant of Vakulamahādevī, year 204, lines 42-43 (Tripathy 2000, № 21, pp. 203–209)

• Angul Copper-Plate Grant of Dharmamahādevī, lines 28-29 (Tripathy 2000, № 22, pp. 210–215)

BEst_0025

Translation

Inscriptions

See A Copper-Plate Grant of Mummuniraja; Saka 971 (1049 CE) (Upadhyaya 1939–1940, reference given by Sircar 1965).

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1277 attributes the number 40 with the following reading (pāda b) found in Samgamner Copper-plate Inscription of the Yadava Bhillama II, the śaka year 922 (Kielhorn 1894, p. 219:

BEst_0026

Translation

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol VIII. p. 303, text lines 23-24.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 18 to this stanza.

BEst_0027

Translation

Notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 170, line 121.

BEst_0028

Translation

Variation

The following variation of the stanza can be read in Antirigam plates of Jaya-Bhanja-Deva (see lines 25-26, Rath 1927–1928, p. 45):

Notes

7. See, e. g., Ep. Ind., Vol. VIII, p. 235, text lines 26-28 . Sometimes we have iha-loke na vidyate for the second quarter and yah prayacchati bhūmiṁ hi sarva-kāmān dadāti saḥ in the second half (ibid., Vol. XXIV, p. 303, text lines 23-24). For Bhūmi-dāna-samaṁ at the beginning and dānena yat phalaṁ proktaṁ pālanena tato ’dhikam in the second half, see Ep. Ind., Vol. XIX, p. 42, text lines 25-26.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Cendalūra grant, time of Kumāraviṣṇu, year 2 (Hultzsch 1905–1906 is the reference given by Hultzsch 1905–1906)

• Copper plates from Godavari district (set II) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, lines 27-30 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh)

• Copper plates from Kondavidu (set II) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, year 43, lines 26-27 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh)

• Copper plates from Kondavidu (set III) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, year 43, lines 23-24 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh)

Bibliography

This verse was already quoted as an usual one by Hopkins 1885, p. 244. It was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 125, № 14. Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 25 to this stanza.

BEst_0029

Translation

Variation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 30-31; p. 348, text lines 24-25. Sometimes we have yas tu for yaś ca (ibid., Vol. XI, p. 312) and niyatau (ibid., Vol. XXVIII. p. 292, text line 26) or dvāvetau (ibid., Vol. XXII. p. 194, text line 19) for niyataṁ. The stanza is found in the Padma Purāṇa, VI. 33, 35-36; Vr̥ddha-Hāritasmr̥ti, VII, 164; Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 33 (with bhūmiṁ yasya in the second foot). It is attributed to the Dāna-Br̥haspati in Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 317), to the Kūrma Purāṇa in the Dānacandrikā (with tāvubhau puruṣau loke sūrya-maṇḍala-bhedinau) and to Br̥haspati in Halāyudha’s Brāhmaṇasarvasva (IHQ., Vol. VI, p. 777). See also the Mitākṣarā on the Yājñavalkyasmr̥ti, II, 114. A verse modified from this stanza (cf. also No. 27) seems to be : Upadeśī ca dātā ca niyatau svarga-vāsinau | upadeśi prathamaṁ yāti paścād dātā Dhanañjaya || (A. R. Ep., 1946–47, N°. B 205). Another such stanza is Dātā ca pierakaś caiva ye dharma-pratipālakāḥ | te sarve punya-karmāṇo niyataṁ svarga-gāminaḥ || (Ind. Ant., Vol. XI, p. 243, text lines 4o-41).

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 125, № 13. Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 15 to this stanza in his list.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Benares Copper-plate Grant of Govindracandra of Kanauj Saṁvat 1162, line 18 (introduced by the sentence atrātha paurāṇikāḥ ślokāḥ).

• Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 verse 7

• Plate of Govindracandra of Vikrama-saṁvat 1182 see Kielhorn 1896–1897, № A, pp. 99–101

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza is found in (need to check):

• Padma Purāṇa, VI. 33, 35-36

• Vr̥ddha-Hāritasmr̥ti, VII, 164

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 33 (with bhūmiṁ yasya in the second foot)

• attributed to the Dāna-Br̥haspati in Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op.cit., p. 317)

• attributed to the Kūrma Purāṇa in the Dānacandrikā (with tāvubhau puruṣau loke sūrya-maṇḍala-bhedinau)

• attributed to Br̥haspati in Halāyudha’s Brāhmaṇasarvasva (IHQ., Vol. VI, p. 777)

• quoted in Mitākṣarā on the Yājñavalkyasmr̥ti, II, 114

BEst_0030

Translation

Notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 221, text lines 21-24. The stanza is sometimes quoted separately from the Vyāsa-gīta group of verses (ibid. Vol. XXXIV, p. 114 ).

Inscriptions

This verse is quoted in the following inscriptions :

• Boṇḍā Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 5, example given by Sircar 1965, n. 2, p. 181

• DaksinaKosala00025 = Boṇḍā Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 5

• DaksinaKosala00026 = Rājim Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 7

• DaksinaKosala00027 = Sirpur Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 7

• DaksinaKosala00028 = Baloda Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 9

• DaksinaKosala00029 = Aḍbhār Plates of Nannarāja II, undated, example given by Sircar 1965, n. 2, p. 181

• DaksinaKosala00031 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 6

• INSDaksinaKosala00032 = Malhār Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 6)

• INSDaksinaKosala00033 = Bārdūlā Plates of Śivagupta, Year 9

• INSDaksinaKosala00034 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 11

• INSDaksinaKosala00035 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 19

• INSDaksinaKosala00036 = Boṇḍā Plates of Śivagupta, Year 22

• INSDaksinaKosala00037 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 37

• INSDaksinaKosala00038 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 38

• INSDaksinaKosala00039 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 46

• INSDaksinaKosala00040 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 48

• INSDaksinaKosala00041 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 48 or later)

• INSDaksinaKosala00042 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 52

• INSDaksinaKosala00043 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 55

• INSDaksinaKosala00044 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 55 or later)

• INSDaksinaKosala00046 = Lodhiā Plates of Śivagupta, Year 57

• INSDaksinaKosala00047 = Junvānī Plates of Śivagupta, Year 57

• INSDaksinaKosala00050 = Malhār Plates of Śivagupta, undated

• INSDaksinaKosala00051 = Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated

Bibliography

In his introduction, Sircar 1965, n. 3, pp. 174–175 classifies this stanza as not a quotation but a stanza composed by a court poet.

BEst_0031

Translation

Notes

3. CII, Vol. III, p. 115. text lines 22-23.

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 125, № 15. Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 17 to this stanza.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Khoh Charter of Saṁkṣobha, year 209, stance IV lines 22-23, already mentioned by Lévi 1908, p. 125, № 15 and thereafter Sircar 1965.

BEst_0032

Translation

Variation

A variation of this stanza can be read in Kāsipura Grant of Ravivarman, line 19 (not mentioned by Sircar 1965:

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 102 text lines 33-34. Ibid Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 52 has it as : Brahma-svaṁ dur-anujñātaṁ bhuktaṁ hanti tripuruṣam | prasahya tu balād bhuktaṁ daśa pūrvān daśāparān || while the second half is given in Ind. Ant., Vol. XV, p. 176, text lines 48-49 as : tad eva cauryarūpeṇa dahatyā-candra-tārakam. For variations, see Ep. Carn. Vol. X‚ Mulbagal No. 157.

Occurences

The verse can be read with some variations in Garuḍapurāṇa 2.42.16 (available on Gretil, from Venkatesvara Steam Press of Bombay):

BEst_0033

Translation

Notes

5. Ep. Carn., Vol. III. Sr. 12.

Occurences

The verse without variation can be read in the Garuḍapurāṇa 2.42.14 (available on Gretil, from Venkatesvara Steam Press of Bombay).

BEst_0034

Translation

Notes

1. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIX, p. 310, text lines 30-32. The first half of the stanza is found in the Br̥hāspatisaṁhitā, verse 45 (with ratiṁ for matiṁ).

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 124, № 12

Inscriptions

See the verse IX, lines 30-32 of Sātārā plates of Viṣṇuvardhana I, already mentioned by Lévi 1908, p. 124, № 12.

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, the first half of the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Br̥hāspatisaṁhitā, verse 45 (with ratiṁ for matiṁ)

BEst_0035

Translation

Occurences

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0010, BEst_0019, BEst_0024, BEst_0036, BEst_0071, BEst_0071v01, BEst_0138, BEst_0141, BEst_0146, BEst_0148, BEst_0182, BEst_0192.

Notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 194, text lines 17-18.

BEst_0036

Translation

Occurences

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0010, BEst_0019, BEst_0024, BEst_0035, BEst_0071, BEst_0071v01, BEst_0138, BEst_0141, BEst_0146, BEst_0148, BEst_0182, BEst_0192. The wording is also close to the stanzas 16 and 17 of Nhan Biều stela (C. 149), 833 Śaka (= CIC00149).

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• EI32_5_2 = Grant of Vijjala śaka 969, lines 9-11 (Sircar 1957–1958, p. 70, reference quoted by Sircar 1965)

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 7o, text lines 9-11.

BEst_0037

Translation

Variation

Notes

4. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121. See above No. 2.

BEst_0038

Translation

Variation

Notes

4. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121. See above No. 2.

BEst_0039

Translation

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. IX, p. 173, text lines 12-14.

Inscriptions

This verse is found in the following inscriptions:

• Malhār Plates of Jayarāja, Year 5, verse 1

• Āraṅg Plates of Jayarāja, Year 5

• Malhār Plates of Jayarāja, Year 9, verse 1

• Nahna Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 2

• Dhamatari Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 3

• Sirpur Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 7, verse 1

• Āraṅg Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 7, verse 1

• Kauvatal Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 7, verse 1, lines 2v1-2v4

• Raipur Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 10

• Sāraṅgarh Plates of Sudevarāja (incomplete), verse 1

• Ṭhākurdīya Plates of Pravararāja, Year 3, verse 1

• Malhār Plates of Pravararāja, Year 3, verse 1

• Stray Pokhra Plate of the Kings of Śarabhapura, undated

Bibliography

Although Sircar 1965, n. 3, p. 174 mentioned the existence of stanzas composed by court poets in his introduction, he did not notice that this was probably the case for this stanza. Indeed, based on my current research, it seems that it has been only used in records issued by three kings from the same dynasty: Jayarāja, Sudevarāja and Pravararāja. In these testimonies, the stanza is attributed to the king himself and could be seen as a dynastic stanza.

BEst_0040

Translation

Variation

The variation rakṣāpālanayos seems to give a better meaning :

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell? (translation Bosma N.)

Notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, pp. 221-22, text lines 24-25. We have Rakṣā for Dāna at the beginning in Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII, p. 121, line 20; cf. ibid., Vol. XXXIV, p. 114 (where the stanza has been quoted seperately from the Vyāsa-gita group of verses). The second half is sometimes quoted as dānāt svargam avāpnoti pālanād acyutaṁ(śāṅkaram in Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Tl. No. 73) padam and we have madhye for tāvat in the first foot (Ep. Ind., Vol. XVI, p. 351). Sometimes we have Dānaṁ vāpālanaṁ vātra and dānā cchreyo ’nupālanam in the first and second feet (Ep. Carn., Vol. II, Nos., 253, 327; Vol. III, My. Nos. 7, 32). The third foot sometimes reads dānād indratvam āpnoti(Ep. Ind., Vol. XIV, p. 104, text lines 103-105).

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Aḍbhār Plates of Nannarāja II, undated, lines 24-25, example given by Sircar 1965, n. 6, p. 182

• Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli)

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 11 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 19 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 37 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 38 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 46 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 48 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 52 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 55 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 6 with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 48 or later) with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 55 or later) with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated with a slight variation in pāda a: rakṣāpālanayos

• Boṇḍā Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 5, not quoted by Sircar 1965 while he quotes this reference for BEst_0030

BEst_0040v01

Translation

Between gift and preservation, preservation is better than gift : by gift one obtains Heaven but by preservation one never falls again.

Variation

An incomplete variation of this stanza van be read in SIIv04p0i0501 = SII 4.501: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri:

Inscriptions

This stanza can be read in:

• A copper plate at Kaṭṭepura (Rice 1914, № 11, Epigraphia Carnatica volume 1, n° 11)

• Puruṣottampurī Plates of Rāmacandra, śaka 1232, Mirashi 1939–1940

• Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli) (Rice 1894, p. 50)

• Copper Plate at Melukoṭe, Rice 1894, p. 84

• Cīrkāḻi, Brahmapurīśvara, Śaka 1410Veluppillai 2013, pp. 228–233, № 20

• Arappākkam, time of Sadāśiva Deva Mahārāya, Śaka year 1488, Hultzsch 1890, pp. 69–71, № 43

• Ariyūr, time of Sadāśiva Deva Mahārāya, Śaka year 1488, Hultzsch 1890, p. 71, № 44

• Ariyūr, time of Sadāśiva Deva Mahārāya, Śaka year 1488, Hultzsch 1890, p. 71, № 45

• Catupperi, time of Sadāśiva Deva Mahārāya, Śaka year 1488, Hultzsch 1890, p. 71, № 46

• Pirāṉmalai, Maṅkai Pākar, time of Accutatēvamahārāya, Śaka year 1452, Vijayavenugopal 2022, № 55, pp. 133–135

• Pirāṉmalai, Maṅkai Pākar, time of Naraciṅkarāya, Śaka year 1422 , Subrahmanya Aiyer 1937, № 439, pp. 229–230, Vijayavenugopal 2022, № 46, pp. 109–110

Notes

Sircar 1965, p. 182, n. 6 mentions this stanza as a variation of BEst_0040. The bibliographic references given are Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Tl. No. 73; Ep. Carn., Vol. II, Nos., 253, 327; Vol. III, My. Nos. 7, 32;Ep. Ind., Vol. XIV, p. 104, text lines 103-105

Part

I found a variation of the verse in the Bhṛgusaṁhitā 35.169, a text of the Vaikhanasa-tradition (GRETIL):

This variation is quoted in several inscriptions (numbered 3, 49, 61) edited by Chhabra 1957, appendix A, p. 177. He gives the following translation:

Between a gift and its preservation, the preservation is more meritorious than the gift. By giving one attains to heaven, by preserving to the postion from where there is no falling (into the world).

BEst_0041

Translation

Notes

7. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 127.

BEst_0042

Translation

Variation

Sircar 1965, № Stanza 42, p. 183 silently emends kurunandana in the pāda d. As I find no occurence of this reading, I reproduce the reading (kulanandana) found in the source quoted by Sircar himself (see Vēḷvikkuṭi grant, time of Neṭuñcaṭaiyaṉ, year 3 verse XXI).

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., vol. XVII, p. 3o3, verse 2I. Sometimes we have : Dātā daś=anugr̥hṇāti daśa hanti tathā kṣipan I pūrva-dattāṁ haran=hhūmiṁ narakāy=opagachcati 11 (Ind. Ant., Vol. XlV, p. 319, text lines 111-12).

Bibliography

Krishna Sastri 1923–1924, p. 303, ll. 146-147

Inscriptions

See Vēḷvikkuṭi grant, time of Neṭuñcaṭaiyaṉ, year 3, verse XXI (Krishna Sastri 1923–1924).

BEst_0042v01

Translation

Bibliography

Fleet 1885, p. 319, ll. 111-112

BEst_0043

Translation

Variation

Notes

2. CII, Vol. III, p. 180, text lines 73-74; Ep. Ind., Vol. III. p. 322, text lines 25-26; Vol. XXII, p. 109, text line 63; p. 120, text line 60; etc. Sometimes we have Yān=īha dattāni and dharmāya(Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 134), purātanāni for purā narendraiḥ(Ind. Ant., Vol. VII, p. 64), Yān=īha dāridya-bhayān=narendrair° and dānāni (dhanāni in Ind. Ant., Vol. V, p. 207 text line 12) dharmāyatanī-kr̥itāni, nirbhukta(nirvānta; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 16, text line 19)-mālya-pratimāni tāni(Ep. Ind., Vol. I, p. 88; Vol. XXI, p. 211), etc. For nirmālyavānti, see Ep. Ind., Vol. XVIII. p. 323, text line 21; for nirmālyavat=tāni ca mānitāni, cf. Ind. Ant., Vol. VI, p. 56, text line 11, and nirmālya-tulyāni bhavanti tāni, ibid., Vol. XVII, p. 122, text line 49. The stanza is found in the Skanda Purāṇa, op. cit., verse 36, with Yān=īha dattāni punar=dhanāni in the first foot and audāryato vipra-niveditāni in the third.

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 125, № 17. Lévi 1908, p. 123, № 8bis and Kane 1941, p. 1273, № 9 quote the stanza with the following reading (pāda a):

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Bezvāḍa plates of Bhīma I lines 43-45

• Benares Copper-plate Grant of Govindracandra of Kanauj Saṁvat 1162, line 20 (introduced by the sentence atrātha paurāṇikāḥ ślokāḥ).

• Peddāpurappāḍu plates (set 2) of Viṣṇuvardhana II (verse IV, lines 23-24) with slight variations.

Occurences

I found an occurrence in the Revākhaṇḍa of the Skandapurāṇa 142.67 (GRETIL) with the following variation:

BEst_0044

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Carn., Vol. V, Belur No. 58.

BEst_0045

Translation

Variation

Notes

4. Ep. Cam., Vol. V, Hassan No. 115. Sometimes we have Vipra-dravy-āpahartāro deva-dravy-āpahārakāḥ | ............ n=ātra saṁśayaḥ || (ibid., Ghannarayapatna No. 259) or Deva-śāsana-loptāro deva-dravy-āpakāriṇah| pacyante narake rakte janma-janma na saṁśayaḥ|| or Devasya śāsanaṁ ye tu lumpanti pāpa-karmāṇaḥ | patanti narake ghore sa-putra-paśu-bāndhavaiḥ || (ibid., Sb. No. 191). A few similar stanzas are : Vipra-grāmeṣu yaḥ kuryād=anyāyena karaṁ karaiḥ | ........naro bhuṅkte narakān=kalpa-pañcasu|| and Vipra-grāme kar-ādāne yo=’numantā sa pāpa-kr̥t | .........brahma-haty-āyutaṁ śatam || (ibid., Channarayapatna No. 259). See also Yaṁ vināśayituṁ, etc., in Vol. XII, Ck. No. 42. Cf. Yath-oktaiḥ pañcabhir=ghorair=mahāpātaka-vahnibhiḥ| nirdagdhā narakaṁ yānti brahmadey-āpahārinah || (R. S. Panchamukhi, Karnatak inscriptions, Vol. II, p. 3)

BEst_0045v01

Translation

After being burnt by the fires of the five terrifying great sins above mentioned, those who seize gifts made to Brahmins will go to the hell.

Bibliography

This stanza is quoted in Akki-Ālūr (Kir̥ukuppuṭūra) Grant of Kr̥ṣṇavarman II, Year 15, lines 18-19 (see Gai 1996, s.v. 38, pp. 147–148, attributed to the Dharmaśāstra of Manu.

BEst_0046

Translation

Inscriptions

Baṅkāpūr inscription of the time of Someśvara I and the Kādamba Harikeśarin śaka 977 (Barnett 1915–1916, reference given first by Kane 1941, p. 1275).

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 42 to this stanza in his list.

Notes

5. Ep.Ind., Vol. XIII, p. 173. Sometimes we have gavāṁ for gavāṁ and praṇaṣṭāṁ for pranaṣḷaṁ (R. S. Panchamukhi, Karnatak Inscriptions, Vol. II, p. 102),

BEst_0047

Translation

Notes

1. Ep. Carn., Vol. XII, Tin. No. 37.

BEst_0048

Translation

Notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121.

BEst_0049

Translation

Variation

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI. p. 343. verse 43.

BEst_0050

Translation

Variation

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI. p. 343. verse 43.

BEst_0051

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 344, verses 45-46.

BEst_0052

Translation

Inscriptions

This verse is found in Hira Lal 1927–1928, p. 213, ll. 34-35 (see also Amoda plates of the Haihaya King Jajalladeva of the (Cedi) year 912).

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XIX, p. 213, text lines 34-35.

BEst_0053

Translation

The earth granted to Brāhmaṇas is the sole sister of all the kings. No tax is to be levied therepon(The pun on kara ’hand’. ’She (being a sister) should not be grasped by hand’.). It should be not enjoyed as their own possession. (translation Tagare and Bhatt 1996)

Notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XVI, p. 351, text lines 78-80; p. 318. Sometimes we have bhogyā (ibid., p. 253). The same stanza occurs in the Skanda Purāṇa, op. cit., verse 39.

Inscriptions

See Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli)

BEst_0054

Translation

Notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, line 33. The same stanza occurs again in lines 27-28 of the same epigraph with ūrdhvaṁ yānti mṣtā divi in the last quarter.

BEst_0055

Translation

Variation

Notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 128, verse in. Ep. Carn.,Vol. VI. Kp. No. 53 has Brāhmaṇebhyaḥ pradattāyā° at the beginning. Sometimes we have ca for vā and Hiraṇyam =ekaṁ gām=ekām(Ep. Ind.,Vol. XXVIII, p. 114, text line 28); āpnoti or āyāti (ibid., p. 292); ā-hūta° or ā-bhūti for ā-bhūta° (see, e.g., ibid., Vol. XXIX, p. 57, text line 44; Vol. XIX, p. 19, text line 33); also Suvarṇam=ekaṁ gām=ekāṁ (or Gām=ekāṁ ca suvarṇaṁ ca bhūmer=apy =eka°) and haranto hārayanta=cha(or hr̥tvā narakam=āyāti, or haran=naraka-vāsī syāt—Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII, p. 212, text lines 56-57) dahaty=ā=saptamaṁ kulam (ibid., Vol.XXXI. pp. 248, 281; or yāvac=candra-divākarau—vogel, Antiquities of Chamba State, I. p. 167). The first half is sometimes given as : Kanyām=ekāṁ gavām=ekām bhūmer=ardhārdham=aṅgulam (Ind. Ant.,Vol. XII, p. 203). Sometimes we have Gām=ekāṁ svarṇa-rakliñ=ca(Ep.lnd.,Vol. XXVIII, p. 67, text line 38) or Gām=ekāṁ ratnikām=ekām (ibid., Vol. XIII, p. 251, text lines 232-33). The stanza is found in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 40 (with rundhan for haran). Caṇḍeśvara’s Gr̥hastharatnākara (Bibliotheca Indica, p. 514) assigns it to Yama while Viśvarūpa (Bālakrīḍā, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, on the Yājñavalkyasmr̥ti, III, 252) quotes the second half as : apahr̥tya dvij-āgrebhyo na cirād=vadhyate dhruvam.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 14 to this stanza in his list with the following reading:

Inscriptions

This stanza can be read in the following inscriptions:

• Inscriptions numbered 29 and 43 edited by Chhabra 1957, appendix A, p. 178

Occurences

The pāda d can be read in a stanza found in the Revākhaṇḍa of the Skandapurāṇa 142.62 (GRETIL):

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 40 (with rundhan for haran)

• attributed to Yama in Caṇḍeśvara’s Gr̥hastharatnākara (Bibliotheca Indica, p. 514)

• quoted by Viśvarūpa (Bālakrīḍā, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, on the Yājñavalkyasmr̥ti, III, 252) with the vairation of c and d apahr̥tya dvij-āgrebhyo na cirād vadhyate dhruvam

BEst_0056

Translation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97 . Ep. Carn.,Vol. VIII. Tl. No. 5 has dharmasaṁsthāpane.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Gadag Inscription of Vira-Ballala II, śaka samvat 1114, line 48 Lüders 1900–1901 (reference given by Sircar 1965, p. 185

• INSIA14_CLIX = Paiṭhan Plates of Ramacandra śaka 1193, lines 101-102, stanza 1

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 26 to this stanza in his list.

BEst_0057

Translation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• EIAD00182 = EI4_25 = Copper plates from Chikula — grant of Vikramendravarman, year 10, lines 31-32 (reference given by Sircar 1965"this record is not later than the 8th century A.D." according to Kielhorn 1896–1897

Bibliography

The text of this stanza is quite problematic and Kielhorn 1896–1897, n. 4, p. 197 explains that he was unable to find this verse elsewhere and to give a correct text.

BEst_0058

Translation

Notes

3. Ind. Ant., Vol. VII, p. 121.

BEst_0059

Translation

Notes

4. Ep. Ind.,Vol. XIII, p. 208, text lines 6-8.

BEst_0060

Translation

Variation

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p.219, verses 53-54. For slight variations, see Ep. Carn.,Vol. XI, Dg. No. 28.

BEst_0061

Translation

Variation

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p.219, verses 53-54. For slight variations, see Ep. Carn.,Vol. XI, Dg. No. 28.

BEst_0062

Translation

Notes

6. Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 179.

Inscriptions

The stanza occurs in the following inscriptions:

• Inscriptions numbered (3) (4), 27, 37, 78 in Chhabra 1957, appendix A, p. 179 (reference mentioned by Sircar 1965)

Bibliography

As this stanza is so far found only in the medieval corpus from the State of Chamba (Chhabra 1957), it seems to be a local or dynastic stanza.

BEst_0063

Translation

Variation

Notes

7. Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII. Tl. Nos. 6, 46, 47. This stanza is usually preceded by the verse : Yatra yogīśvaraḥ kuryāc=Chiva-liṅg-ārcanaṁ sakr̥t| vasanti tatra tirthāni sarvāṇi satataṁ (or saptakaṁ) Guha ||

BEst_0064

Translation

Variation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., vol. III, p. 343, text lines 32-33; pp. 348-49, text lines 26-27; p. 353, text lines 49-50; ibid., Vol. XXVIII, p. 50. often we have hārayante or hāryate for hārāyed°, bhūmiṁ for yas=tu, subaddho for sa baddho and yoniṣu for yoniṁ ca. The first foot is sometimes read as Hartā hārayitā bhūmeḥ(Ind. Ant., vol. XIV., p. 255, text lines 30-31). For Hareta at the beginning of the first, and sa-vaṁśo at that of the second half, see Ind. Ant., Vol. V, p. 56. The Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 37) has the stanza with hārayed°, sa vadhyo and °yonisu. Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII, 62, 75.

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 127, № 26.

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 37)

• Mahābhārata, XIII, 62, 75

BEst_0065

Translation

Notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121.

BEst_0066

Translation

Variation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 51. The first half is given sometimes as : Vanaṁ vana-caro vahnir=dahan=mūlāni rakṣati (cf. Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII. Tl. Nos. 130 and 133).

BEst_0067

Translation

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII. p. 229, verse 17.

BEst_0068

Translation

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, p. 313. The second half is sometimes read as: narakān na nivartante yāvad ā-bhūta-saṁplavam (ibid., Vol. XIII, p. 281).

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1277 attributes the number 39.

BEst_0069

Translation

Notes

6. Ep.Ind., Vol. XXXIII. p- 213, verse 9.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Malgā Plates of Indrabala, Year 11 lines 26-27

BEst_0070

Translation

Notes

7. Ep. Carn., Vol. III, TN. No. 63; Sr. No. 64.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli)

Bibliography

In his introduction, Sircar 1965, n. 3, pp. 174–175 classifies this stanza as not a quotation but a stanza composed by a court poet.

BEst_0071

Translation

Variation

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 123, № 6. Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 29 to this stanza in his list with the following variation (pāda c):

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• INSSomavamsin00001 = Vakratentali grant of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 3 verse

• INSSomavamsin00002 = Gopalpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 1 verse

• INSSomavamsin00003 = Gopalpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 10 verse

• INSSomavamsin00004 = Gopalpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 12 verse

• INSSomavamsin00006 = Patna plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya Kārttika month year 6 verse

• INSSomavamsin00008 = Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 verse 12

• INSSomavamsin00010 = Gaintala plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 17 verse

• INSSomavamsin00011 = Chaudwār plates #1 of Mahābhavagupta Dharmakandarpa year 31 verse

• INSSomavamsin00013 = Banpur plates of Indraratha Year 6 verse

• INSSomavamsin00015 = Bālijhari plates of Mahābhavagupta Uddyotakeśarin year 4 verse

• INSSomavamsin00016 = Jatesinga-Dungri plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 3 verse

• INSSomavamsin00017 = Orissa State Museum plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 4 verse

• INSSomavamsin00019 = Cuttack plates of Mahābhavagupta Bhīmaratha year 3 verse

• INSSomavamsin00020 = Mahulpara plates of Mahāśivagupta Dharmaratha year 11 verse

• INSSomavamsin00022 = Pāṭṇā plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 8 verse

• INSSomavamsin00023 = Cuttack plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 9 verse

• INSSomavamsin00028 = Pātiliñjira grant of Mahābhavagupta year 11 verse

• INSSomavamsin00031 = Ratnagiri plates of Mahāśivagupta Karṇa year 6 verse

• INSSomavamsin00032 = Kelga plates of Someśvaradeva year 1 verse

• INSSomavamsin00038 = Sankhameri plates of Mahābhavagupta Uddyotakeśarin year 4 verse

• INSSomavamsin00039 = Ruchida plates of Mahābhavagupta year 8 verse

• INSSomavamsin00040 = Baragaon plates of the time of Janamejaya year 13 verse

• INSSomavamsin00047 = Kāṇḍavindhā plates of Mahābhavagupta Uddyotakeśarin year 3 verse

• INSBengalCharters00008 = Paschimbhag Plate of Śrīcandra verse

• INSBengalCharters00026 = Biyala Plate of Mahīpāla I verse

• INSBengalCharters00071 = Rajibpur Plate of Gopāla IV, year 2 and Madanapāla, year 2 verse

• INSBengalCharters00073 = Jagajjibanpur Plate of Mahendrapāla, year 7 verse

• INSBengalCharters00074 = Jajilpara Plate of Gopāla III, year 6 verse

• INSBengalCharters00075 = Manahali Plate of Madanapāla, year 8 verse

• INSBengalCharters00085 = Belwa Plate of Mahīpāla I, year 2 verse

• INSBengalCharters00088 = Khalimpur Plate of Dharmapāla, year 32 verse

• INSBengalCharters00091 = Bhagalpur Plate of Nārāyaṇapāla, year 17 verse

• INSBengalCharters00092 = Indian Museum Plate of Dharmapāla, year 26 verse

• INSBengalCharters00102 = Bangarh Plate of Mahīpāla I, year 9 verse

• INSBengalCharters00104 = Nalanda Plate of Devapāla year 35 verse

• INSBengalCharters00107 = Mirzapur Plate of Śūrapāla I, year3 verse

• INSBengalCharters00108 = Bharat Kala Bhavan Plate of Rājyapāla, year 2 verse

• INSBengalCharters00109 = Mohipur Plate of Gopāla II, year 3 verse

• INSBengalCharters00110 = Rangpur Plate of Mahīpāla I, year 5 verse

• INSBengalCharters00111 = Suvarnakarikadanda Plate of Gopāla II, year 4 (no.1) verse

• INSBengalCharters00125 = Monghyr/Munger Plate of Devapāla, r.y. 33 verse

• INSDaksinaKosala00046 = Lodhiā Plates of Śivagupta, Year 57 verse

• INSDaksinaKosala00048 = Stray Būrhīkhār Plate of Śivagupta, Year 57

• EI42_9 = Phulbāni copper-plate grant of Raṇabhañjadeva year 28, verse 14 (Subramonia Iyer 1977–1978)

Occurences

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0010, BEst_0019, BEst_0024, BEst_0035, BEst_0036, BEst_0071v01, BEst_0138, BEst_0141, BEst_0146, BEst_0148, BEst_0182, BEst_0192.

Notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 37-39; p. 349, text lines 32-34; etc. For the third foot, we have occasionally at ṅimala-manobhir=ātmanīnair° (ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 109, text lines 65; p. 186, text line 62; cf. ātma-linai° in Vol. XXXII, p. 134) . The sense of this popular stanza is rarely conveyed in the following verse : Taḍit-taraṅga-bahulāṁ śriyaṁ mat vā ca mantyānām | na dharma-sthitayaḥ sadbhir=yuktā loke vilopitum || (Select Inscriptions, p. 364, text lines 23-24). See also No. 10 above.

BEst_0071v01

Inscriptions

Sircar 1965 noticed this variation of BEst_0071. It can be read in INSBengalCharters00084 = Mallasarul Charter of Vijayasena, time of Gopacandra year 3 lines 23-24

Occurences

The content of this stanza is close to BEst_0010, BEst_0019, BEst_0024, BEst_0035, BEst_0036, BEst_0071, BEst_0138, BEst_0141, BEst_0146, BEst_0148, BEst_0182, BEst_0192.

BEst_0072

Translation

Inscriptions

This stanza can be read in the Grant from Chinchani of the time of Indra III śaka 848.

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 54, text lines 55–56.

BEst_0073

Translation

Notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 70, text lines 21–22.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• CII6_4 = Prince of ales Museum Plates of Chhadvaideva, lines 65-66 with variation in pāda c Mirashi 1977, № 4, pp. 8–17

• EI32_5 = Grant of Vijjala śaka 969 Sircar 1957–1958, № 2, pp. 68–71lines 21-22 (reference given by Sircar 1965)

BEst_0074

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97, text lines 52-53. We have also dharma for karma (Ind. Ant.,Vol. IV, p. 276),

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Gadag (stone) Inscription of Vira-Ballala II, śaka samvat 1114, lines 52-53 Lüders 1900–1901 (reference given by Sircar 1965)

• lines 74-76 in a set of copper plates mentioning princes from the Kalachuri family edited by Fleet in Indian Antiquary, volume IV, pp.274-281 (Fleet 1875), the reference was given by Sircar 1965

BEst_0074v01

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• EI1_11 = The Madhuban Copper-Plate of Harsha Dated Samvat 25, lines 16-17 (Bühler 1892

Bibliography

This variation is not mentioned by Sircar 1965

BEst_0075

Translation

Inscriptions

Sircar 1965, n. 4, p. 187 indicates one source only : an inscription edited in the Epigraphia Carnatica, vol. VIII, Tl n°5, which are referred as copperplates in possession of Chinnabhaṇḍārada Śâma Rao at Tīrthahaḷḷi. It seems that the text suggesting by Sircar 1965 is his own emendation since the text of the inscription runs as follows :

Notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Tl. No. 5.

BEst_0076

Translation

Waste land what has [newly] been taken up for cultivation and [cultivated] land what has been enjoyed for more than ten years up to a hundred years, [that land] a king is not entitled to confiscate!

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXIII. p. 213, verse 6.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Malgā Plates of Indrabala, Year 11, lines 23-24

BEst_0077

Translation

Notes

6. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 186. The word sva-hasta here seems to mean the donor’s signature in approval of a grant.

BEst_0078

Translation

Variation

Notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, pp. 65-66, text lines 31-32 . Sometimes we have bhr̥tyāya for vr̥ttāya and chatrī for sukhī and the following half verse preceding the stanza : Santarpayati dātāram bhūmeḥ prabhavatāṁ vara (ibid., Vol. XXV, pp. 218-19). The stanza is found in the Mahābhārata. XIII, 62, 29 (with mriyamāṇāya vr̥tti-glānāya for kr̥śa-vr̥ttāya vr̥tti-kṣīnāya and sattrī bhavati mānavaḥ, for which Hemādri has kliśyamānāya c=ātyarthaṁ vr̥tti-glānāya), Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII. 59, 11.

Inscriptions

The source quoted by Sircar 1965, n. 7, p. 187 is the Kalaikuri-Sultanpur Plate of the Time of Kumāragupta I (see also Sanyal 1955–1956).

Occurences

A variation of this verse is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.26 (GRETIL)

BEst_0079

Translation

Notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 156, text lines 30-33.

BEst_0080

Translation

Variation

A variation of this verse can be read in the Pañcatantra III.109 (source:https://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gretil/corpustei/transformations/html/sa_viSNuzarman-paJcatantra.htm) .

The above text is quoted in the Janjirā Plates (set 1) of Aparājita śaka year 915 (993AD), lines 76-77 (see Mirashi 1977, № 5, p. 23.

Notes

1. Mys. Arch. Rep., 1910, paragraphs 47-50. The second stanza is sometimes found as : Hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca bhūmy=arthe yo=’nr̥taṁ vadet | sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśais=tiryag=yonyāṁ tu jāyate ||(Ep. Ind., vol. XIX, p. 213, text lines 33-34). Cf. Mahābhārata, Udyoga-parvan, Calcutta ed., Chapter 35, verses 33-34; Kumbakonam ed., Chapter 35, verses 44-45, where the first foot of the first stanza and the second foot of the second read respectively as Pañca paśv-anr̥te hanti and hirany=ārthe=’nr̥taṁ vadan, while the second stanza ends with vadeḥ instead of vadet. For the first verse, cf. Rāmāyaṇa, IV, 34. 9: Śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ tu gav-ānr̥te |ātmānaṁ svajanaṁ hanti puruṣaḥ puruṣ-ānr̥te || See also Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 43 ff. : Pañca kany-ānr̥te hanti daśa hanti gav-ānrte | śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ puruṣ-ānr̥ite || hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca hirany-ārthe=’nr̥taṁ vadet | sarvaṁ bhūmy-anr̥te hanti māsma bhūmy=anr̥taṁ vadīḥ|| Sometimes we have janiṣyān for ajātān.

Bibliography

Narasimhachar 1913 is the first to indicate this verse as a formulaic stanza. He claims that this stanza is to be found in a donation issued by a Gaṅga king, but for the moment, the bibliographical information he provides has not enabled me to find this source. To date (21/03/2025), I have found no occurrence of this stanza in epigraphic sources.

Inscriptions

This stanza or a variation of it can be traced in the corrupted text of Jokab Plate of Devānandadeva lines 38-39.

BEst_0081

Translation

Variation

This stanza can be read in Amoda plates of the Haihaya King Jajalladeva of the (Cedi) year 912 (see Hira Lal 1927–1928 with the following variation (already mentioned by Sircar 1965, n. 1, p. 188).

See also Janjirā Plates (set 1) of Aparājita śaka year 915 (993AD), lines 76-77 (see Mirashi 1977, № 5, p. 23

Notes

1. Mys. Arch. Rep., 1910, paragraphs 47-50. The second stanza is sometimes found as : Hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca bhūmy=arthe yo=’nr̥taṁ vadet | sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśais=tiryag=yonyāṁ tu jāyate ||(Ep. Ind., vol. XIX, p. 213, text lines 33-34) . Cf. Mahābhārata, Udyoga-parvan, Calcutta ed., Chapter 35, verses 33-34; Kumbakonam ed., Chapter 35, verses 44-45, where the first foot of the first stanza and the second foot of the second read respectively as Pañca paśv-anr̥te hanti and hirany=ārthe=’nr̥taṁ vadan, while the second stanza ends with vadeḥ instead of vadet. For the first verse, cf. Rāmāyaṇa, IV, 34. 9: Śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ tu gav-ānr̥te |ātmānaṁ svajanaṁ hanti puruṣaḥ puruṣ-ānr̥te || See also Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 43 ff. : Pañca kany-ānr̥te hanti daśa hanti gav-ānrte | śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ puruṣ-ānr̥ite || hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca hirany-ārthe=’nr̥taṁ vadet | sarvaṁ bhūmy-anr̥te hanti māsma bhūmy=anr̥taṁ vadīḥ|| Sometimes we have janiṣyān for ajātān.

Bibliography

Narasimhachar 1913 is the first to indicate this verse as a formulaic stanza. Unlike the previous stanza, a variation of it can be found in one inscription. Sircar 1965, n. 1, p. 188 reproduced all the information given by his predecessor. He added the parallel with Br̥haspatisaṁhitā.

Occurences

The verses of Mahābhārata 5.35.26-27 (GRETIL) give the following variations for BEst_0080 and BEst_0081:

Rāmāyāṇa 4.33.9 (GRETIL) has the following variation:

A man lying about a horse kills one hundred (horses), a man lying about a cow kills one thousand (cows), a man lying about another person kills himself and his relatives.

BEst_0082

Translation

Variation

Notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97, text lines 50–51. Similar style is noticed in the stanza: Ek-āhany=apiKauntya bhūmistham=udakaṁ kuru | tāraya purvakulāni sapta sapta ca sapta ca || (A.R. Ep., 1946-47, No. B 205).

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Gadag Inscription of Vira-Ballala II, śaka samvat 1114, lines 50-51 Lüders 1900–1901 (reference given by Sircar 1965, p. 185

Bibliography

This verse is quoted by Hopkins 1885, p. 246.

BEst_0083

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 75.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Hiregutti Plates of Bhoja Aśaṁkita (Desai [1958] 1949–1950)

BEst_0084

Translation

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 325, line 37. The second half has been given in Ep. Carn., Vol. XII, Tp. No. 18 as : deva-svaṁ triṣu lokeṣu na jīrṇam=iti viśrutam.

BEst_0085

Translation

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 25-26; p. 348, text lines 18–20; p. 353, text lines 44-45. Sometimes mā bhūta°, para-dān-ānu° and °pālanam, te para-datt=eti parthiva and sva-dattād—adhikaṁ puṇyaṁ (ibid., Vol. XXVIII, p. 257, text line 150). etc. The second half sometimes reads as : sva-dānāt=para-dānasya tasmāc chreyo ’nupālanam (ibid., Vol. XXXIV. p. 49, text lines 16-18) .

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 125, № 16. Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 43 to this stanza in his list.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 verse 3

• Stray Būrhīkhār Plate of Śivagupta, Year 57

Variation

The following variation can be read in EI31_34 = Dasgoba plates of rajaraja III, Saka 1120, lines 146-147, Sircar and Ratha Sarma [1960] 1955–1956 (Sircar 1965, n. 4, p. 195 quotes this reference as a variation of BEst_0128 but this is a mistake):

BEst_0086

Translation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Puri plates (set B) of Gaṅga Narasiṁha IV, lines 11-12 of the seventh plate, Sircar [1958] 1949–1950, p. 311 (reference given by Sircar 1965)

• Asankhali plates of Narasiṁha II, Śaka 1225, lines 206-207 Sircar [1960] 1955–1956, p. 128 (reference not given by Sircar 1965)

Bibliography

In his introduction, Sircar 1965, n. 3, pp. 174–175 classifies this stanza as not a quotation but a stanza composed by a court poet. He specifies in his note that this stanza is generally found in the grants of the Imperial Gaṅgas of Orissa and that sometimes we have bhūmeḥ for bhūpaiḥ.

BEst_0087

Translation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 191. See Nos. 89 and 90.

Bibliography

In his introduction, Sircar 1965, n. 3, pp. 174–175 classifies this stanza as not a quotation but a stanza composed by a court poet.

BEst_0088

Translation

Notes

2. Mys. Arch. Rep., 1912, paragraph 108. The stanza is quoted from Murāri’s Anargharāghava as already indicated above.

Bibliography

Narasimhachar 1913 is the first to indicate this verse as a formulaic stanza (quoted in an inscription dated A.D.1521 recorded in Archaeological Survey Of Mysore Annual Report: 1912 Vol.4, paragraph 108, pp.91-92, and published in Epigraphia Carnatica, vol.III, Tirumakūḍlu-narasīpūr Taluq 44, See Settar 1912). Sircar 1965, n. 1, p. 188 reproduced all the information given by his predecessor. In Murāri’s work, the stanza is attributed to the sage Vasiṣṭha.

BEst_0089

Translation

Variation

A variation is legible in Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli), verse 11, as follows: mad-vaṁśajā vānya-kulodbhavā vā | rakṣanti ye dharmmam imaṁ nṛipālāḥ | teṣan tu nityaṁ sa harir ddadātu| santāna-vṛiddhiṁ bhuvanādhipatyaṁ∥

Notes

3 Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 312, text lines 17-18 . A modified form of the last three feet of the stanza reads : ye bhūmipāḥ satatam=ujjvaladharma-cittāḥ| mad-dharmam=eva paripālanam=ācaranti tat-pādukā-dvayam=ahaṁ śirasā vahāmi(ibid., vol. XVI, p. 96, text lines 41-44) . The second half is sometimes also given as : mad-dharmam=eva satataṁ paripālayanti tat-pāda-padma-yugalaṁ śirasā namāmi (or vahāmi). Cf. Ep. Carn., Vol. III, Mysore Nos. 1–3, 34, etc. The stanza is also found as : Mad-vaṁśajā v=ānya-kul-odbhavā vā rakṣanti ye dharmam—imaṁ nr̥ipālāḥ | teṣāṁ tu nityaṁ sa Harir=dadātu santāna-vr̥ddhiṁ bhuvan-ādhipatyam || (ibid., Vol. III, Sr. Vol. XVI, p. 256; Ep. Ind., Vol. XVIII. p. 299, text lines 40-42 ; Vol. XX, p. 134, text line 19 ; Vol. XXI, p. 25, text lines 39-40 . See Nos. 87 and 90.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 21 to this stanza.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Puri plates (set B) of Gaṅga Narasiṁha IV, lines 17-18 of the seventh plate, Sircar [1958] 1949–1950, p. 312 (reference given by Sircar 1965)

• Kāṭlapaṟṟu grant of Vijayāditya III, lines 69-71

• Bezvāḍa plates of Bhīma I, lines 37-40

• Pedda-Gāḻidipaṟṟu grant of Amma II, lines 69-70

• Vemalūrpāḍu plates of Amma II, lines 66-69

• Mḻopaṟṟu grant attributed to Maṅgi Yuvarāja, lines 21-23

• Ciṁbuluru plates of Vijayāditya III, lines 38-40

• Kaṇḍyam plates of Dānārṇava, lines 67-69

• Pañcapāka grant of Bhīma I, lines 48-51

• Varaṇaveṇḍi grant of Bhīma II, lines 64-67

• Kalidiṇḍi grant of the Eastern Cālukya Rājarāja I, lines 118-119

• Uṟuvuṭūru grant of Vijayāditya III, lines 51-53

• Pulgoṭlapaṁbuluru grant of Vijayāditya III, lines 53-55

• Paiṭhan Plates of Rāmacandra śaka 1193, see Fleet 1885

• Puruṣottampurī Plates of Rāmacandra, śaka 1232, see Mirashi 1939–1940

• Samgamner Copper-plate Inscription of the Yadava Bhillama II, the śaka year 922 (see Kielhorn 1894, p. 221, lines 108-109)

• Kasheli copperplate inscriptions of (1) Śilāhāra ruler Bhoja II (dated 27 June 1191) and (2) Ramaṇasa Maṇḍalika and Jāṣaṇa Maṇḍalika (dated 31 August 1279), lines 51-53 (Bapat 2016)

• The Kotāpūr copperplate charter dated Monday, November 18, 1191 CE, purported to have been issued by Śilāhāra ruler Bhoja II, lines 65-66 (Bapat 2022)

BEst_0089v01

Translation

To the kings on earth born in my lineage or born from another royal lineage, whose hearts are eternally consumed with love for the dharma, who always protect my dharma, I offer my respectful reverence.

Inscriptions

See Viswanatha 1921–1922

BEst_0090

Translation

Variation

Notes

4 Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII. text line 18. Cf. mama dharmaṁ na lumpati or na lopyaṁ mama śāsanaṁ (ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 194, text line 23) and Asmin=vaṁśe kṣaya-ksīṇe yo=’nyo rājā bhaviṣyati | tasy=āhaṁ pāda-lagno=’smi mayā dattaṁ na lopayet || (ibid., Vol. XXVIII. p. 283, text lines 36-37; for Mama for Asmin and kara for pāda, cf. ibid., + Vol. XXII, p. 194), For Mayi rājñi vyatikrānte in the first foot and śāsanaṁ na vyatikramet in the last, see Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 155. The Skanda Purāṇa, op. cit., verse 41, has it as : Asmin=vaṁśe kṣitau ko=’pi rājā yadi bhaviṣyati | tasy=āhaṁ karalagno=’smi mad-dattaṁ yadi pālyate || See Nos. 87 and 89.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1276 attributes the number 32 to this stanza with the following reading :

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Puri plates (set B) of Gaṅga Narasiṁha IV, lines 18-19 of the seventh plate, Sircar [1958] 1949–1950, p. 312 (reference given by Sircar 1965)

Variation

The stanza is found with the following reading in the Plates of Neṭṭabhañja Tribhuvanakalaśa, lines 36-37, EI28_44 = Sircar and Acharya 1949–1950, p. 283 (variation already noticed by Sircar 1965, n. 4, p. 189):

The stanza is found with the following reading in the Jurada Grant of Neṭṭabhañjadeva, lines 21-22, EI24_4 = Krishnamacharlu 1937–1938, p. 19 (not noticed by Sircar 1965):

The stanza is found with the following reading in Mala Plates of Virasimhadeva ; V. S. 1343, EI22_29 = Halder 1933–1934 (variation already noticed by Sircar 1965, n. 4, p. 189):

A variation of this verse can be read in the inscriptions numbered 16, 21, 27 edited by Chhabra 1957, appendix A, p. 177

Occurences

The stanza can be found in the Dharmāraṇyakhaṇḍa, Brāhmakhaṇḍa of the Skandapurāṇa, chapter 34, verse 41 with the following reading (already quoted by Sircar 1965, n. 4, p. 189):

If any king is born in this family anywhere in earth, I am beholden to him if what is given by me is preserved.

BEst_0091

Translation

Notes

5 Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 320, text line 13.

BEst_0092

Translation

Notes

6 Ep. Ind., vol. XI, p. 101, text line 32 ; Vol. XII, p. 328, text lines 48-50 ; Vol. XX, p. 104, text lines 48-49 .

BEst_0093

Translation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 42. Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII, 62, 27 : mr̥tyor vai kiṅkaro daṇdas=tamo vahniḥ sudāruṇaḥ, etc.Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit.. p. 320) attributes the stanza to the Mahābhārata.

Occurences

Mahābhārata 13,061.024 (from GRETIL):

BEst_0094

Translation

Notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 113-14.

Occurences

The variation of this verse is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.72 (GRETIL)

Sircar 1965, n. 1, p. 186 quotes this verse as a variation of the stanza BEst_0064.

BEst_0095

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XVII, p. 303, verse 20.

Inscriptions

See INSPandya10002 = Vēḷvikkuṭi Grant, time of Neṭuñcaṭaiyaṉ, year 3 (Krishna Sastri 1923–1924).

BEst_0096

Translation

Notes

4. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 107-08. Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit., p. 320) quotes the stanza with bhūmi° for rājñaḥ and vidhiḥ for nidhiḥ and attributes it to the Mahābhārata.

BEst_0097

Translation

Variation

Kr̥ta-Tretā-Dvāpareṣu, etc. See No. 97, note.

Inscriptions

See Samgamner Copper-plate Inscription of the Yadava Bhillama II, the śaka year 922 (1000 CE) (Kielhorn 1894, lines 55-56, reference already noticed by Kane 1941, p. 1275).

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. II, p. 219. The stanza is sometimes found as : Kr̥taTretā-Dvāpareṣu tapo’tyarthaṁ praśasyate | munayo’tra praśaṁsanti dānam ekaṁ Kalau yuge|| (ibid., Vol.XXXII, p. 75, text lines 21-22).

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 24 to this stanza.

BEst_0098

Translation

Variation

A variation of this stanza (pādas a and b) can be read in Pallava00005 = Oṃgoḍu grant, time of Skandavarman, year 33, lines 17-18

An almost identical variation can be read in Siddham01032 = Kāsipura Grant of Ravivarman, line 17:

One can find the following variation on the beginning of the pādas b and d (see for example VengiCalukya00096 = Peddāpurappāḍu plates (set 3) of Viṣṇuvardhana II lines 32-34; VengiCalukya00022 = Ceruvu Mādhavaram plates of Viṣṇuvardhana V lines 25-26; EI13_14 = Baṅkāpūr inscription of the time of Someśvara I and the Kādamba Harikeśarin śaka 977 lines 58-59) (this variation is already quoted as an usual stanza by Hopkins 1885, p. 245) :

Notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 167, text lines 35-36. In some cases, the first half reads : Deva-svaṁ hi viṣaṁ ghoraṁ kālakūṭa-sama-prabham (ibid., vol. IV, p. 345). Sometimes we have Brahma-svaṁ tu viṣaṁ ghoraṁ na viṣaṁ viṣam ucyate | viṣaṁ tv ekā°(ibid., Vol. XV, p. 252) and deva-svaṁ for brahma-svaṁ or for Na viṣaṁ (ibid., Vol. VI, p. 105) and Aviṣaṁ for Na viṣaṁ (ibid., Vol. VII, p. 324). The stanza occurs in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verses 46-47 (with pautrakam for pautrikam); Vasiṣṭhasmr̥ti, 17, 86; Padma Purāṇa,VI, 33,45. The Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra (I, 11, 16) has the stanza as: Brahma-svaṁ putra-pautra-ghnaṁ viṣam ekākinaṁ haret | na viṣaṁ, etc,

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1273 attributes the number 11 to this stanza in his list.

Inscriptions

This verse can be read in the following inscriptions:

• EI22_26 = The Sarkho Plates of Ratnadeva II of the (Chedi) year 880, lines 35-36, Mirashi 1933–1934, p. 167 (already mentioned by Sircar 1965

• inscription numbered 21 in Chhabra 1957 (this is the only inscription in this volume that quoted this stanza)

• Pandya10003 Śrīvaramaṅgala grant, time of Neṭuñcaṭaiyaṉ, year 17, lines 88-90

Occurences

As mentioned by Sircar 1965, the verse can be read in the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra, 17.86 :

As mentioned by Sircar 1965, a variation of this verse can be read in the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra, I.11.16 :

According to Olivelle 2000, p. 191, the book one and the first sixteen chapters of the book two belongs to the "proto-Baudhāyana". This author dates the composition of the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra not before the middle of the second century BCE (Olivelle 2000, p. 10).

BEst_0099

Translation

Notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 191, text lines 37-39. = EI22_28b

Bibliography

In his introduction, Sircar 1965, n. 3, pp. 174–175 classifies this stanza as not a quotation but a stanza composed by a court poet.

BEst_0100

Translation

Variation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, p. 312, text lines 50-51 .Cf. Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, 35; Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 34. See above. No. 13.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1276 attributes the number 34 with the following reading:

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, 35

• Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 34

BEst_0101

Translation

Notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII, p. 12, text line 25; Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 177. Sometimes we have tapaḥ for yaśaḥ and palayet for pālanam.

Inscriptions

This verse can be read in the following inscriptions:

• Inscriptions numbered 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 43, 48, 51, 53, 54, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 75, 76, 78 and 79 in Chhabra 1957

BEst_0102

Translation

Inscriptions

There is a typo in the reference given in note by Sircar 1965. The stanza is found in the Baudh grant of Raṇabhañjadeva, the 54th year (see Banerji 1913–1914, № A, p. 324, ll. 33-34

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 234, lines 33-34.

BEst_0103

Translation

Variation

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97. Sometimes we have Pūrva-dattāṁ at the beginning (Ind. Ant., Vol. II, p. 301). The stanza is found in the Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, IV, 164, 33, and, with slight variations, in Govindānanda’s Dānakriyākaumudī (Bibliotheca Indica ed., p. 41 ).

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Gadag Inscription of Vira-Ballala II, śaka samvat 1114, line 50 Lüders 1900–1901 (reference given by Sircar 1965)

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 27 to this stanza in his list.

Occurences

A variation (not mentioned by Sircar 1965 can be read in the Mahābhārata 14.96.15*4.1107-1108 (GRETIL):

Who would give back a gift of land after having accepted it or would take it back after having given it, bound by Vāruṇa’s lace he will be thrown into purulent blood.

This variation is very close to BEst_0094.

BEst_0104

Translation

Notes

5. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121, text lines 42-43.

BEst_0105

Translation

Notes

6. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 115-16 . For slight variations, see Ep.Ind., Vol. VII, p. 97, text lines 33-34 .

BEst_0106

Translation

Notes

7. Cf. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 328. Mahābhārata, XIII. 62, 31 has it with mahīṁ dattvā sa-bījāṁ sa-phalām api | udīrṇaṁ vāpi śaraṇaṁ yathā bhavati kāmadaḥ|| while Hemādri (op. cit., p. 480) reads udyānaṁ śaraṇaṁ vāpi tathā. The stanza also occurs in the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 6; Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, Uttara-parvan, Ch. 164, 16; Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 6 (with Phālākr̥ṣṭāṁ mahīṁ dattvā sa-bījāṁ śasya-śālinīm | yāvat sūrya-karā lokā°). Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit., p. 323) quotes the stanza with slight variations and attributes it to Br̥haspati.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1274 attributes the number 16 to this stanza in his list with the following reading (pāda b):

Occurences

A variation of this stanza quoted by Sircar 1965 is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.28 (GRETIL):

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Mahābhārata, XIII. 62, 31

• PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 6

• Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, Uttara-parvan, Ch. 164, 16

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 6 (with Phālākr̥ṣṭāṁ mahīṁ dattvā sa-bījāṁ śasya-śālinīm |yāvat sūrya-karā lokā°)

• in Dānasāgara, op. cit., p. 323 of Ballāla and is attributed to Br̥haspati

• Hemādri (op. cit., p. 480) with udyānaṁ śaraṇaṁ vāpi tathā

BEst_0107

Translation

Notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, lines 34-35.

BEst_0108

Translation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol.XII, p. 214, verse 35. = EI12_24

Bibliography

In his introduction, Sircar 1965, n. 3, pp. 174–175 classifies this stanza as not a quotation but a stanza composed by a court poet.

BEst_0109

Translation

Notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXIII, p. 213, verse 8.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Malgā Plates of Indrabala, Year 11, lines 25-26

BEst_0110

Translation

Notes

3. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 252.

BEst_0111

Translation

Notes

4. CII, Vol. III, p. 119, text lines 16-17; p. 122, text lines 17-18; p. 128, text lines 24-25. Sometimes we have n=’āśubhā (ibid., p. 117).

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 124, № 10 with the reading nāśubhā gatiḥ in pāda b. Kane 1941, p. 1273 attributes the number 12 to this stanza in his list.

BEst_0112

Translation

Notes

5. Ep. Carn., Vol. XV, Arkalgud No. 106.

BEst_0113

Translation

Notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. VIII, p. 235, text lines 29-30.

Inscriptions

Currently, this stanza is only cited in one epigraphic document : Cendalūra grant, time of Kumāraviṣṇu, year 2.

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 124, № 9bis, who refers to Kumāraviṣṇu. Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 24 to this stanza in his list.

BEst_0114

Translation

Notes

7. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121.

BEst_0115

Translation

Notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 201, lines 25-27. Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit, p. 317) reads yojanāni in the first half and dattā svalp=āpi rājendra sarvakāma-pradāyinī in the second and attributes the stanza to the Dāna-Br̥haspati.

BEst_0116

Translation

Inscriptions

See EI2_15 = Samgamner Copper-plate Inscription of the Yadava Bhillama II, the śaka year 922, lines 94-95 (Kielhorn 1894, not noticed by Sircar 1965) with the following variations:

Notes

9. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 67, text lines 22-23. Sometimes we have tasya for dīrgha in the first half and the second half as: evaṁ tu munayaḥprāhur=dānāt=tat=pālanaṁ varam (Ind. .Ant., Vol. XVII. p. 122, text lines 51-52).

BEst_0117

Translation

Variation

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 55-57; etc. Sometimes the first half becomes the second and we have Rāmabhadraḥ (or the name of the donor—ibid., Vol. XXVIII,p. 283, text line 35) for Rāmacandraḥ, krameṇa (ibid., Vol. XXIX, p. 9, text line 55) for bhavadbhiḥ, and dattvā bhūmiṁ (ibid., Vol. XXXII, p. 76, text line 36) for sarvān—etan. we have also prārthayaty eṣa Rāma(i in the last quarter (ibid., Vol. VI, p. 62, verse 34). In some cases, we have the first half as : Bho rājānaḥ prārthayaty=eṣa Rāmo bhūyo bhūyo prarthanīyā narendrāḥ followed by sāmānyo=’yaṁ, etc. (ibid., Vol. XXXI, p. 288, text line 27) or as: Sarvān=eva prārthayaty=eṣa Rāmo bhūyo bhūyo bhāvinaḥ pārthivendrān, and rakṣaṇīyaḥ for pālanīyaḥ in the second half (Ep. Carn., Vol. III, Md. No. 113). For setur=narāṇām, sve sve kāle for kāle kāle, and bhūmi-pālān for pārthivendrān, see Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 178. For Sāmānyo=’yaṁ dāna-dharmaḥ, sve sve kāle, see Ind. Ant., Vol. VI, pp. 195, 202. Ep. Carn., Vol. V, Arsikere No. 90, gives etān=adyo for sarvān=tān. In the Kalasan (Java) inscription of Śaka 700, the stanza reads Sarvān=ev=āgāminaḥ pārthivendrān=bhūyo bhūyo yācate rājasiṁhaḥ| sāmānyo=’yam dharma-setur=narāṇāṁ, etc. (Chatterjee and Chakravarti, India and Java, p. 46). The Skanda Purāṇa, op cit., verse 40, has it as : Dattvā bhūmiṁ bhāvinaḥ pārthiveśān=bhūyo bhūyo yācate Rāmacandraḥ | sāmānyo=’yam dharma-setur=nr̥pāṇāṁ sve sve kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhih || See No. 118.

Bibliography

The verse is mentioned by Burnell 1878, p. 98 as a quotation found in Devaṇabhaṭṭa’s Smṛticandrikā (see Srinivasacharya 1914). It is used in Smṛticandrikā as a part of the argument for the production of a written document. It is given as an example of stanza to be quoted to inform future kings and their vassals (variation in pāda d) :

After this quotation, Devaṇabhaṭṭa adds that the king himself should write "by my own hand" (tato rājā svayaṃ svahastaṃ likhet).

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 127, № 22. Kane 1941, p. 1273 attributes the number 10 to this stanza in his list with the following reading (inversion pādas ab and cd and bhūmipalān instead of pārthivendrān):

Inscriptions

The stanza is quoted in the following records:

• Tāṇḍivāḍa grant of Vijayāditya II, lines 29-31, Stanza III

• Koṟṟapaṟṟu grant of Vijayāditya II, lines 50-51, Stanza IV (introduced by the sentence rāmeṇāpy uktaṁ)

• Masulipatam plates of Vijayāditya III, lines 33-34, Stanza VIII

• Bezvāḍa plates of Bhīma I, lines 40-43, Stanza V

• Māṁgallu grant of Dānārṇava, lines 65-67, Stanza XXIII

• Pedda-Gāḻidipaṟṟu grant of Amma II, lines 67-68, Stanza XXI

• Vemalūrpāḍu plates of Amma II, lines 65-66, Stanza XVI

• Mḻopaṟṟu grant attributed to Maṅgi Yuvarāja, lines 24-26, Stanza VII

• Ciṁbuluru plates of Vijayāditya III, lines 37-38, Stanza XIV

• Candavolu plates of Vijayāditya III, lines 21-22, Stanza I

• Īnteṟu grant of Bādapa, lines 72-73, Stanza XXVIII

• Pañcapāka grant of Bhīma I, lines 47-48, Stanza XVII

• Kalidiṇḍi grant of the Eastern Cālukya Rājarāja I, lines 116-118, Stanza XLVII

• Vakratentali grant of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 3, lines , Stanza

• Gopalpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 1, lines , Stanza

• Gopalpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 10, lines , Stanza

• Gopalpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 12, lines , Stanza

• Patna plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya Āṣāḍha month year 6, lines , Stanza

• Patna plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya Kārttika month year 6, lines , Stanza

• Kālibhanā Plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 6, lines , Stanza

• Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8, lines , Stanza 11

• Sonpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 17, lines , Stanza

• Gaintala plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 17, lines , Stanza

• Chaudwār plates #1 of Mahābhavagupta Dharmakandarpa year 31, lines , Stanza

• Kālibhanā plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 34, lines , Stanza

• Banpur plates of Indraratha Year 6, lines , Stanza

• Bālijhari plates of Mahābhavagupta Uddyotakeśarin year 4, lines , Stanza

• Jatesinga-Dungri plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 3, lines , Stanza

• Orissa State Museum plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 4, lines , Stanza

• Pāṭṇā plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 28, lines , Stanza

• Cuttack plates of Mahābhavagupta Bhīmaratha year 3, lines , Stanza

• Mahulpara plates of Mahāśivagupta Dharmaratha year 11, lines , Stanza

• Pāṭṇā plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 8, lines , Stanza

• Cuttack plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 9, lines , Stanza

• Nibinna plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 15, lines , Stanza

• Pāṭṇā plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti year 24, lines , Stanza

• Pātiliñjira grant of Mahābhavagupta year 11, lines , Stanza

• Ratnagiri plates of Mahāśivagupta Karṇa year 6, lines , Stanza

• Sambalpur University Museum plates of the time of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 23, lines , Stanza

• Degaon plates of the time of Janamejaya, lines , Stanza

• Sankhameri plates of Mahābhavagupta Uddyotakeśarin year 4, lines , Stanza

• Ruchida plates of Mahābhavagupta year 8, lines , Stanza

• Baragaon Plates of the Time of Janamejaya year 13, lines , Stanza

• Chaudwār plates #2 of Mahābhavagupta Dharmakandarpa year 31, lines , Stanza

• Chaudwār plates #3 of Mahābhavagupta Dharmakandarpa year 31, lines , Stanza

• Kāṇḍavindhā plates of Mahābhavagupta Uddyotakeśarin year 3, lines , Stanza

• Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli)

• Plate of Govindracandra of Vikrama-saṁvat 1182 (see Kielhorn 1896–1897, № A, pp. 99–101)

• Ganjam Grant of Jayavarmadeva, lines 33-35, Misra 1936

• Two inscriptions on copper-plates from Nutimadugu, lines 66-67, EI25_19 = Lakshminarayan Rao [1956] 1939–1940, p. 194 (it is a palimspest record; the stanza belongs to the second record from Vijayanagar and is inscribed on the recto of the third plate)

• Veligalani Grant of Kapileśvara śaka 1380, lines 195-199, EI33_52 = Sircar and Sarma 1959–1960, p. 292 (it is a palimpsest record, the verse ends the record and belongs to the charter originally engraved according to Sircar and Sarma 1959–1960, p. 278. The editors add in the note 4 p.192 that "these lines were probably not completely beaten because they are not unsuitable to the context of the new record")

• Nilagangavaram (stone) Inscription of Ambadeva-Mahārāja: śaka 1212, lines 37-39, EI25_27 = Panchamukhi 1939–1940

• EI25_25 = INSTamilNadu01010 = Cārāla plates, time of Rājendra / Rājakesarin Vīrarājendra, year 32, lines 201-203 (Ramanatha Ayyar and Venkatasubba Ayyar 1939–1940)

• EI25_21 = Purshottampuri plates of Ramachandra: Saka 1232, lines 139-140 (Mirashi 1939–1940)

• Inscriptions n° 20, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 52, 57, 60, 63, 64, 67, 68, 70, 77, 78, 79 and 81 edited by Chhabra 1957, appendix A, p. 178

BEst_0117v01

Translation

Trilocana prays to the kings, whether born of his own lineage or born of another lineage: "this barrier of justice dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it!"

Inscriptions

Ekallahāra Grant of Trilocanapāla, śaka 972 (1050 CE), Gujarat, lines 53-54 (see Sircar [1970] 1965–1966, not mentioned by Sircar 1965)

BEst_0117v02

Translation

After giving a land, Rāmabhadra begs repeatedly to all these future kings: "this barrier of justice dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it!".

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• EI2_15 = Samgamner Copper-plate Inscription of the Yadava Bhillama II, the śaka year 922 (Kielhorn 1894, lines 95-98)

• EI35_5 = the third grant entitled ’Grant of Vījala (Vija, Vīja or Vijja), śaka 975’, AD 1053 lines 36-37 (Sircar 1957–1958, p. 76

BEst_0118

Translation

Occurences

I found a variation of the verse in the Bhṛgusaṁhitā 35.598, a text of the Vaikhanasa-tradition (GRETIL):

Notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 186. See No. 117.

BEst_0119

Translation

Variation

A variation of the pādas ab can be read in the Janjirā Plates (set 1) of Aparājita śaka year 915 (993AD), lines 81-82 (see CII6_5 = Mirashi 1977, № 5, p. 23):

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 123, text lines 34-35 . Sometimes we have Siṁhāsanaṁ tathā chatraṁ in the first quarter (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 37), gaj-āśva-varavāhanam in the second foot, cinhāni or puṣyāni (cf. ibid., p. 128, text line 17; Vol. XXII, p. 166, text line 29) in the third foot, and phalaṁ svargas=that=aiva ca in the fourth (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 218, line -21), we have also śaṅkho and phalam=etat (ibid., Vol. X, p. 89). For the first half, sometimes we have : Dhavalāny=ātapatrāṇi dantinaś=ca mad-oddhatāh(or mad-otkaṭāḥ), to which is also added : sudhā-dhautāni harmyāṇi yuvatyo ratna-bhūṣanāḥ, and in the second half dharma-dāyasya and phalam=anyad=bhaviṣyati (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 60, text line 54; Vol. XXXII. p. 70, lines 22-24). For dr̥śyante tāni Bhārata or phalaṁ svargam=anuttamam in the last foot, see Ep. Ind., vol. XIX, p. 73, text lines 35-36; p. 213, text line 30. The stanza occurs in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 15 (with cara-sthāvara-vāruṇāḥ in the second foot and punyāṇi for puṣpāṇi) and the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 15. The Mahābhārata has the first half in XIII, 62, 89 (with vara-vāhanam) and the second half in XIII. 62, 91 (with puṇyāni; Hemādri has dhar-āśvā vara-vāraṇāḥ and puṣpāni—op. cit., pp. 483-84). Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 316) attributes the stanza to the Dāna-Br̥haspati.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 23 to this stanza in his list. Sircar 1965, p. 177 attributes to this verse the number 119. The reading of the pāda c suggested here is based on the Mahābhārata’s critical edition. An alternative reading cihnāni instead of puṣpāṇi is found in numerous epigraphic records.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Puruṣottampurī Plates of Rāmacandra, śaka 1232 (with puṣpāṇi in pāda c; Mirashi 1939–1940)

• Benares Copper-plate Grant of Govindracandra of Kanauj Saṁvat 1162, lines 21-22 (introduced by the sentence atrātha paurāṇikāḥ ślokāḥ; in pāda c, cihnāni instead of puṣpāṇi )

• Plate of Govindracandra of Vikrama-saṁvat 1182 see Kielhorn 1896–1897, № A, pp. 99–101 (pāda c: cihnāni instead of puṣpāṇi)

A variation of this stanza quoted by Sircar 1965 is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.86-87 (GRETIL):

A variation of this stanza is found in Amoda plates of the Haihaya King Jajalladeva of the (Cedi) year 912 (Hira Lal 1927–1928):

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 15 (with cara-sthāvara-vāruṇāḥ in the second foot and punyāṇi for puṣpāṇi)

• PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 15

• Mahābhārata XIII, 62, 89 (with vara-vāhanam) and the second half in XIII. 62, 91 (with puṇyāni)

• Hemādri, op. cit., pp. 483-84 with dhar-āśvā vara-vāraṇāḥ and puṣpāni

• Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 316) and is attributed to Dāna-Br̥haspati

BEst_0119v01

Translation

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1275 attributes the number 41 to this stanza in his list, while Sircar 1965, n. 3, p. 193 quotes this verse only as a variation of the previous one (BEst_0119).

Inscriptions

See Samgamner Copper-plate Inscription of the Yadava Bhillama II, the śaka year 922, with a slight variation on pāda c (puṣpāṇi instead of puṇyāni) Kielhorn 1894, p. 219, lines 60-61, reference already given by Kane 1941, p. 1275. In this inscription, the verse is attributed to several sages: Pāraśara, Vatsa, Kutsa, Aṅgiras, Gautama, Manu and Yājñavalkya (line 62 iti pāraśaravatsakutsāṅgarasagautamamanuyājñavalkyamunivacanānyavadhārya mayā dṛḍhataraviraktabuddhyā mātāpitrorātmanaśca śreyorthinā hi brāhmaṇānāṁ gramo dattaḥ)

BEst_0120

Translation

Notes

1. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII. p. 121.

BEst_0121

Translation

Notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI. pp. 312-13, text lines 47-48. For naika-janmātmakaṁ phalam in the last foot, see ibid., Vol. XXI, p. 145, text line 55. The stanza is found in the Saṁvartasmr̥ti, verse 78, and the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 33. Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit„ p. 317) attributes it to Saṁvarta.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1276 attributes the number 36.

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Saṁvartasmr̥ti, verse 78

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 33

• Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit„ p. 317) and attributed to Saṁvarta

BEst_0122

Translation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, text lines 32.

BEst_0123

Translation

Variation

There is a regular variation on the first word of the padā c (Ākṣeptā instead of Ācchettā. See for example Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 verse 4.

Another regular variation in the pāda b (not quoted by Sircar 1965 can be read in Cintapura grant (Kantēru plates 2) — reign of Skandavarman, year 1, lines 17-19, Copper plates concerning the village Vidētūrapallikā — reign of Nandivarman II, year 8, line 13:

Notes

4. CII, Vol. III, pp. 96,104, 238, 247, etc. often we have Ṣaṣṭir varṣa° or Ṣaṣṭir varṣa°. Sometimes modati is found replaced by nandati (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 16, text line 12) or tiṣṭhati(CII, Vol. III. pp. 167, 180) or vasati (ibid., p. 194.), and ācchettā by ākṣeptā (ibid., pp. 108, 137, 296). The first quarter is sometimes found as Kalpa-koṭi-sahasrāṇi(Ind. Ant., Vol. XX, p. 417, text line 48), the second quarter as modate divi bhūmidaḥ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XVII, p. 333, verse 3), and the first half as : A-saṅkhyeyāni varṣāni svarge modanti bhūṁidāh (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIV, p. 303, text line 29). We also have saṣṭiṁ varṣa-śatāni ca for the second quarter and gavāṁ koṭi-pradānena bhūmi-hartā na śudhyati in the second half (ibid., Vol. IX, p. 6‚ text lines 26-27). The second half is sometimes given as kṣiti-pātrānna-hartā tad dvitayaṁ narakaṁ vrajet (Ind. Ant., Vol. V, p. 56). For yāvad ā-bhūta-samplavam in the fourth foot, see Ep. Ind., Vol. XVIII. p. 299, text lines 34-35. The stanza occurs in the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 29-30 (with ṣaṣṭi°, tiṣṭhati and āhartā); SkandaPurāṇa, op. cit., verse 26 (with vasati and narakaṁ vrajet) ; Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 29 (with v=ānumantā ca tam=eva and the omission of the first half) ; Viṣnudharmottara quoted by Hemādri, op. cit., p. 486, and by Aparārka, op. cit., p. 369. It is attributed to the KūrmaPurāṇa in Divākara’s Dānacandrikā and to Br̥haspati in Nīlakaṇṭha’s Dānamayūkha (IHQ, Vol. VI, p. 776).

Bibliography

Pargiter 1912, p. 249 mentioned this verse as a customary one. Jolly 1913, p. 675 indicates that the first pāda of the verse is quoted in Devaṇabhaṭṭa’s Smṛticandrikā (see Srinivasacharya 1914). In this context, the verse is attributed to Vyāsa and quoted as a part of the argument for the production of a written document. It is intended to inform future kings and their vassals :

This verse corresponds to the number 2 in the list compiled by Kane 1941, pp. 1272–1277.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Hiregutti Plates of Bhoja Aśaṁkita (Desai [1958] 1949–1950)

• Malgā Plates of Indrabala, Year 11 lines 20-21

• Boṇḍā Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 5, not quoted by Sircar 1965 while he uses this reference for BEst_0030

• Copper plates from Godavari district (set I) — reign of Pṛthivīśrīmūla, year 25 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh)

• Copper plates from Godavari district (set II) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh)

• Copper plates from Godavari district (set I) — reign of Pṛthivīśrīmūla, year 25 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with svargge krīḍati bhūmidaḥ in pāda b

• Copper plates from Kondavidu (set II) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, year 43 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with svargge tiṣṭhati bhūmidaḥ in pāda b

• Copper plates from Kondavidu (set III) — reign of Pr̥thivīśrīmūla, year 43 (period 400-600 CE, Andhra Pradesh) with svargge tiṣṭhati bhūmidaḥ in pāda b

Occurences

Aparārka (Ācārādhyāya commentary on the Yājñavalkya-dharmaśāstra) quotes twice the stanza BEst_0123 (book 1, p. 369 and p. 370). The first time, it is attributed to the Viṣṇudharma, while the second time it is assigned to the Ādityapurāṇa.

The stanza is quoted by Viśvarūpa in his Bālakrīda (early 9th century according to Olivelle 2020 as an instance of exhortation, when he comments the compound dānācchedopavarṇanam used in 1.315 of the Yājñavalakyasmṛti. He introduced it by the words tato dānācchedam upavarṇya | etad dānaphalam, etad ācchedanaphalaṃ.

Revākhaṇḍa of the Skandapurāṇa 142.66 (GRETIL):

The verse (with minor variations) is quoted by Hemādri in his Dānakhaṇḍacaturvargacintāmaṇi (p. 504) and attributed to the Viṣṇudharmottara:

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 29-30 (with ṣaṣṭi°, tiṣṭhati and āhartā)

• SkandaPurāṇa, op.cit., verse 26 (with vasati and narakaṁ vrajet)

• Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 29 (with v=ānumantā ca tam=eva and the omission of the first half)

• Hemādri, op. cit., p. 486 and attributed to Viṣnudharmottara

• Aparārka, op. cit., p. 369

• Divākara’s Dānacandrikā and attributed to KūrmaPurāṇa

• Nīlakaṇṭha’s Dānamayūkha (IHQ, Vol. VI, p. 776) and attributed to Br̥haspati

BEst_0124

Translation

Notes

5. Ep.Ind Vol. XXXII, p. 70, text lines 12-13. This is Laghu-Śātātapasmr̥ti, verse 150. Hemādri assigns it to Yājñavalkya (op. cit., p. 75).

BEst_0125

Translation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Nilagangavaram Inscription of Ambadeva-Mahārāja: śaka 1212, lines 42-44 (EI25_27 = Panchamukhi 1939–1940; not noticed by Sircar 1965)

Notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII. p. 312, text line 16; p. 258 (manīṣibhiḥ for mahīpate).

BEst_0126

Translation

Variation

Notes

2. See, e. g., Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIX, p. 193, text lines 32-33; Vol. XXVIII, p. 283, lines 29-30. The first half is sometimes found as : Sapta-janm-āntareṇ=aiva yat=puṇyaṁ pūrva-sañcitam (ibid., Vol. XIX, p. 73, text lines 36-37), or Iṣṭaṁ dattaṁ hutaṁ c=aiva yat=kiñcid dharma=sañcitam (ibid., Vol. XXII. pp. 166-67, text lines 34-35), or Satyaṁ c=aiva hutaṁ c=aiva (ibid., Vol. XIII, pp. 312-13). For yaḥ kaścid=dharma-sañcayaḥ in the second foot, see Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII, p. 122, text lines 57-58. The second half of the stanza is found in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 41) with ardh-āṅgulasya.

Bibliography

Kane 1941, p. 1276 attributes the number 38 with the following reading:

Occurences

According to Sircar 1965, teh stanza can be read in Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 41) with ardh-āṅgulasya (need to check).

BEst_0127

Translation

Variation

Notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII. p. 123, text line 35 . We have also Prāsādā yatra sauvarṇā° and tiṣṭhati dānadaḥ (ibid., p. 70, text lines 20-21). Ep. Carn., Vol. XII, Sl. No. 95 ascribes the authorship of the stanza to Br̥haspati, while Hemādri (op. cit., p. 481) and Ballāla (op. cit., p. 316) assign it to the Mahābhārata (cf. XIII, 62) and the Dāna-Br̥haspati respectively.

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• CII6_4 = Prince of Wales Museum Plates of Chhadvaideva, lines (Mirashi 1977, № 4, pp. 8–17)

Occurences

This verse can be read without variations in the Mahābhārata 13.61.47*341_01-02 (GRETIL).

According to Sircar 1965, the stanza can be read in (need to check):

• Mahābhārata ( XIII, 62)

• Hemādri (op. cit., p. 481) and attributed to the Mahābhārata

• Ballāla (op. cit., p. 316) and attributed to Dāna-Br̥haspati

BEst_0128

Translation

Variation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Copper plates of Kṛṣṇa-deva Temple at Toṇḍanūr (Tirumalasāgara-chatra hobli)

• A copper plate at Kaṭṭepura (Rice 1914, № 11, Epigraphia Carnatica volume 1, n° 11)

• Two inscriptions on copper-plates from Nutimadugu, lines 61-63 Lakshminarayan Rao [1956] 1939–1940, p. 194 (the stanza belongs to the second record from Vijayanagar and is inscribed on the recto of the third plate)

• EI41_34 = Dasgoba plates of rajaraja III, Saka 1120, lines 147 Sircar and Ratha Sarma [1960] 1955–1956

Notes

4. Ep. Ind., vol. XVI. text lines 75-77 ; p. 318 . Sometimes we have adhikaṁ for dvi-gunaṁ (ibid., Vol. XXXI. p. 261, text lines 147 ). This is followed by the stanza : Kharo dvādaśa janmāni aṣṭa janmāni śūkaraḥ|śvā tu saptati-janmāni ity=evaṁ Manur=avravīt || in Ep. Carn, Vol. XII, Gb. No. 34.

BEst_0129

Translation

Notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol.XXV, p. 219, verse 49.

I found this verse with minor variations in the Bhāgavatapurāṇa (11.27.54) : yaḥ sva-dattāṁ parair dattāṁ hareta sura-viprayoḥ vr̥ttiṁ sa jāyate viḍbhug varṣāṇām ayutāyutam Any property profiteer who steals what has been given by himself or others to a Brahmin or a god will be born in an abusive condition for millions and millions of years.

BEst_0130

Translation

Notes

6. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII. pp. 257-58.

BEst_0131

Translation

Variation

Inscriptions

See the following inscriptions:

• Boṇḍā Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 5, not quoted by Sircar 1965 while he uses this reference for BEst_0030

The verse can be read in lines 55-56 of Konnur spurious inscription of Amoghavarsha I.; Saka-Samvat 782 (Kielhorn 1900–1901) with the following variation:

Notes

1. CII, pp. 119, 122, 127, 133, 194, 198, 296. The word mahīmatāṁ is altered in most eases to mahimatām (CII, Vol. III, pp. 96, 104, 108, 115, 137, 167) and sometimes to mahibhr̥tāṁ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, p. 313 ), while the first and third feet are sometimes quoted respectively as Pūrva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo(CII, p. 108) and bhūmiṁ deva-dvijātinam (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI. p. 261, text line 148). Yudhiṣṭhira is sometimes replaced by narādhipa (ibid., Vol. XXII. p. 85, text lines 74-75). Sometimes the first foot reads Prāg-dattāṁ bhūmiṁ viprebhyo and the third reads mahyāṁ mahibhr̥tām śreṣtha(Ep. Ind., Vol. VII. p. 97, text lines 26-27). The first half in some cases reads Pūrva-dattāṁ narendraiś=ca yatnād=rakṣa Śatakrato (ibid., Vol. XI, p. 313). The stanza occurs in the BhaviṣyaPurāṇa, IV, 164, 38 (with rakṣe and mahibhr̥tām).

Bibliography

This verse was already quoted as an usual one by Hopkins 1885, p. 244. It was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 127, № 23. Pargiter 1912, p. 251 mentioned this verse as a customary one. This verse corresponds to the number 6 in the list compiled by Kane 1941, pp. 1272–1277. Sircar 1965, pp. 195–196 attributed the number 131 to this verse.

BEst_0131v01

Translation

Bibliography

This verse was identified as a formulaic stanza by Lévi 1908, p. 124, № 9. Pargiter 1912, p. 251, Kane 1941, n. 6, p. 1272 and Sircar 1965, n. 1, p. 196 mentioned this verse as a variation of the previous one. Because of its high frequency, I have given it a specific number.

Inscriptions

This verse can be read in the following inscriptions:

• Gunaighar Charter of Vainyagupta or Gunaighar Plate of Vainyagupta

• Khoh Charter of Jayanātha, year 177

• Khoh Charter 1 of Śarvanātha, year 193

• Dhanaidaha Charter of Kumāragupta I or Dhanaidaha Plate, year 113 GE

• Damodarpur Charter 2 (GE 128) of Kumāragupta I

• Damodarpur Charter 2 of Budhagupta

• Paharpur Charter of the Time of Budhagupta

• Kalaikuri-Sultanpur Plate of the Time of Kumāragupta I or Kalaikuri-Sultanpur Plate, year 120 GE

• Khoh Charter 1 of Hastin, year 156

• Khoh Charter 2 of Hastin, year 163

• Majhgawam Charter of Hastin, year 191

• Khoh Charter of Saṁkṣobha, year 209

• Betul Charter of Saṁkṣobha, year 199

• Jabalpur Charter of Hastin, year 170

• Mallasarul Charter of Vijayasena

• Kotalipada Charter of the Time of Dvādaśāditya

• Pīparḍūlā Charter of Narendra

• Kurud Charter of Narendra

• Dhanaidaha Plate, Year 113 GE

• Kalaikuri-Sultanpur Plate of the Time of Kumāragupta I

• Raktamālā Grant no. 1, year 159 GE

• Baigram Plate, year 128 GE

• Tāvīra Plate, year 159 GE

• Paharpur Plate, year 159 GE

• Raktamālā Plate #2

• Jayarampur Plate of the time of Gopacandra, year 1

• Mallasarul Plate of Vijayasena, time of Gopacandra, year 3

• Majhgawam Charter of Hastin, year 191

• Sātārā plates of Viṣṇuvardhana I

• Thimi Stone Inscription

• Baigram Charter of the Time of Kumāragupta I

• Hiṭnahebbāgilu Grant of Mr̥geśavarman, Year 7

• Pīparḍūlā Plates of Narendra, Year 3

• INSDaksinaKosala00001

BEst_0132v00

Translation

Variation

This verse is found with several variations in the epigraphical records. Below the standard stanza edited by Sircar 1965 (numbered here BEst_0132_00), I have listed all the major variations and have numbered them with an extented number. Each of these major variations can present minor variations. Below are the minor variations of the verse 132_00.

The verse 132v00 is found with a regular variation on the pāda c: sva-viṣṭhāyāṁ or śva-viṣṭhāyāṁ instead of sa viṣṭhāyāṁ : see for example Stela from Kdei Ang (K. 55), 6th century Śaka; lines 7-8.

For the sva-viṣṭhāyāṁ variation, see the Ghagrahati Charter of the Time of Samācāradeva, Year 14:

For the śva-viṣṭhāyāṁ variation, see the Faridpur Undated Charter of Dharmāditya:

One of the main variation of the pāda d is the inverted order of the word (see for example Gaintala plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 17, line 25-36), but one can also read synonyms for the verb pacyate like in the Grant n°3: Eleven Land-Grants of the Chalukyas of Aṇhilvād (for majjati, see also Benares Copper-plate Grant of Govindracandra of Kanauj Saṁvat 1162, lines 22-23; Plate of Govindracandra of Vikrama-saṁvat 1182 with majjati):

I reproduce below a particular variation mentioned by Sircar 1965 but I was not able to find the text in the bibliographical reference he quotes¹:

Sircar 1965 makes no mention that a variation of this verse can be read in the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra, II.2.26 :