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· <title>Nahna Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 2</title>
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15 <forename>Natasja</forename>
· <surname>Bosma</surname>
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20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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· <forename>Natasja</forename>
· <surname>Bosma</surname>
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30 <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00008</idno>
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· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Natasja Bosma.</p>
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· <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
90 <lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="ab">prasannārṇavasambhūtamānamātrendujanmana<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
· <l n="cd">śrīma<unclear>tsude</unclear>varājasya sthiraṁ jagati <unclear>śāsanaṁ</unclear></l>
· </lg></div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
95 <pb n="1r"/>
· <p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/>svasti śarabhapurād vikkramopanatasāmantamakuṭacūḍāmaṇi<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>prabhāprasekāmbudhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīmantoddharaṇa<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>hetur vvasu<space type="binding-hole"/>vasudhāgopradaḫ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛ<surplus>i</surplus>pādānuddhyā<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>taś śrīmahāsudevarājaḥ kṣitimaṇḍāhārīyanavannaka-Etatprāveśya<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>śāmbilakayoḫ prativāsikuṭumbinas samājñāpayati<g type="dashDouble"/></p> <p>viditam astu <pb n="2r"/><lb n="2r1"/>vo yathāsmābir etad grāmadvayaṁ <choice><orig>tṛ</orig><reg>tri</reg></choice>daśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhākaro yāva<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>d raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad avatiṣṭhate tāvad upa<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>bhogyas sani<space type="binding-hole"/>dhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> sarvvakaravisarjji<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>to mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddhaye vāj<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>a</reg></choice>saneyakauśikasagotra<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>viṣṇusvāminas tā<choice><orig>mbra</orig><reg>mra</reg></choice>śāsanenātisṛṣṭaḥ</p> <p>te yūyam evam upalabhyāsyā<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>jñāśravaṇavidheyā bhūtvā yathocitaṁ bhogabhāgam upanayantas sukhaṁ prati<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>vatsyatha bhaviṣyataś ca bhūmipān anudarśayati</p>
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· <l n="b">dharmmeṣu niścitadhiyaḫ pravadanti dharmma<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><g type="dashDouble"/></l>
100 <l n="c">tasmā<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied> dvijā<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>ya suviśuddhakulaśrutāya</l>
· <l n="d">dattāṁ bhuvaṁ bhavatu vo matir eva goptu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><g type="dashDouble"/></l></lg>
· <p><lb n="2v5"/>tad bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā vyāsagītāṁś cātra ślokān u<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>dāharanti<g type="dashDouble"/></p>
· <lg n="2" met="indravajrā">
· <l n="a">Agner apatya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> prathamaṁ suvarṇṇaṁ</l>
105 <l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryya<lb n="3r2" break="no"/>sutāś ca gāvaḥ</l>
· <l n="c">dattās trayas tena bhavanti lokā</l>
· <l n="d">yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gāṁ ca mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> ca da<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>dyāT</l></lg>
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· <l n="ab">ṣaṣṭi<space type="binding-hole"/>varṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>
110 <l n="cd">Ācchettā <lb n="3r4"/>cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT</l></lg>
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115 <l n="ab"><pb n="3v"/><lb n="3v1"/>svadattāṁ paradattāṁ vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira</l>
· <l n="cd">mahī<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice> mahīmatāñ <choice><sic>cch</sic><corr>ch</corr></choice>reṣṭha <lb n="3v2"/>dānāc chreyo 'nupālana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>
· <ab><choice><orig>i</orig><reg>I</reg></choice>ti</ab>
· <p>svamukhājñayā <choice><orig>savva</orig><reg>saṁva</reg></choice>tsara <num value="2">2</num> śrāvaṇa di <num value="29">20 <add place="below">9</add></num> <lb n="3v3"/>Utkīrṇṇaṁ tā<space type="binding-hole"/><choice><orig>mbra</orig><reg>mra</reg></choice>śāsanaṁ droṇasiṅghe<choice><orig>ṇ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice>a</p>
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120 <div type="apparatus">
· <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head></div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
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· <app loc="1v2">
125 <lem>°dhauta°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Konow1907-1908_01">°dhota°</rdg>
· <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°dhauta°</rdg>
· <note>The shape of the vowel marker for <foreign>au</foreign> is slightly irregular, but is the same as in other copperplate charters of the kings of Śarabhapura.</note>
· </app>
130 <app loc="2r4">
· <lem>°kauśika°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Konow1907-1908_01">°kośika°</rdg>
· <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°kauśika°</rdg>
· <note>The shape of the vowel marker for <foreign>au</foreign> is slightly irregular, but is the same as in other copperplate charters of the kings of Śarabhapura.</note>
135 </app>
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· <div type="translation" resp="part:nabo">
140 <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· <p>The permanent charter belongs to the illustrious Sudevarāja, who was born from the moon that was Mānamātra, who was born from the sea that was Prasanna.</p></div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
· <p n="1v1-1v5">Hail! From Śarabhapura, the illustrious great Sudevarāja whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels on the crests of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess, who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair, who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle, who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu, and favoured by his father and mother, issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to the landholders settled in <supplied reason="subaudible">the village of</supplied> Śāmbilaka along with the village of Navannaka situated in the Kṣitimaṇḍa <foreign>āhāra</foreign>:</p>
· <p n="1v5-2r5">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter, these two villages have been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to Viṣṇusvāmin, belonging to the Kauśika <foreign>gotra</foreign> and to the Vājasaneya <supplied reason="subaudible">school</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Indra’s heaven</supplied>, is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">the world</supplied> of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; <supplied reason="subaudible">comes along with the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.</p>
145 <p n="2r5-2v2">Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from him <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., the donee</supplied> and render the <supplied reason="subaudible">proper shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> instructs the future rulers:</p>
· <p n="2v2-2v4" rend="stanza">The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection <supplied reason="subaudible">of a grant</supplied> is more excellent than <supplied reason="subaudible">that which arises</supplied> from the giving <supplied reason="subaudible">itself</supplied>; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.</p>
· <p n="2v5-3r1">This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>
· <p n="3r1-3r3" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.</p>
· <p n="3r3-3r4" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>
150 <p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>
· <p n="3v1-3v2" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>
· <p n="3v2-3v3">By the order from the king’s own mouth, the copperplate charter has been engraved by Droṇasiṅgha <supplied reason="subaudible">on</supplied> the day 29 <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the month of Śrāvaṇa <supplied reason="subaudible">in</supplied> the year 2 <supplied reason="subaudible">of Sudevarāja's reign</supplied>.</p></div></div>
· <div type="commentary">
· </div>
155 <div type="bibliography">
· <p>First edited by Konow <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Konow1907-1908_01"/></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>28-31</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Konow).</p>
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160 </bibl>
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· <ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/>
· <citedRange>28-31</citedRange>
· </bibl>
165 </listBibl>
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· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Bosma2018_01"/>
· <citedRange>16, 234</citedRange>
170 </bibl>
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· </body>
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Commentary