Prosodic Patterns

About this document

This is the Prosodic Patterns authority file for the identification of the metres occurring in source-language texts, for use in DHARMA digital editions. The file serves both as an aid in identifying the metre of a stanza and as a list of the canonical names that may be used in encoded editions for representing particular prosodic patterns, and is also intended to become a starting point for further research on prosody.

The conventional names shown here are associated with specific languages. This does not refer to the language contexts in which a particular metre name may be relevant, but to the language of the traditional treatises on poetry which primarily employ that particular name. For example, names listed as Sanskrit are definitely used by Sanskrit poeticians, but may well be also used by poeticians of another language.

Prosodic notation

The following table summarises prosodic notation with ASCII characters for XML code and the classical notation.

	ASCII notation	Classical notation
one short/light syllable	-	⏑
one long/heavy syllable	+	-
one syllable of indeterminate length (anceps)	=	⏓
two morae (one long or two short syllables)	2	⏕
larger moraic foot or colon	numeral(s)
foot boundary	\|	\|
caesura	\|\|	\|\|
boundary of odd and even quarter	/

Syllabo-quantitative metres

1 σ nanda (Old Javanese)

ASCII

=

Classical

⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № I.1.

2 σ bhadra (Old Javanese), śrī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+=

Classical

–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № II.1.

3 σ bhadrokti (Old Javanese), nārī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++=

Classical

––⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № III.1.

4 σ vanamr̥gī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++=

Classical

–––⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № IV.1.

5 σ paṅkti (Sanskrit), vijayanti (Old Javanese), rasanetra (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 2, № II.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № V.1.

6 σ tanumadhya (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++--+=

Classical

––⏑⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № VI.2.

6 σ kusumitagandha (Old Javanese), kusumitajanma (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓

Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah: The name of this meter is kusumitagandha in CK , but kusumitajanma in Vr̥t.

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № VI.1^*.

* Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah: Zoetmulder in Kalangwan incorrectly describes the pattern of this meter as ⏑⏑⏑|⏑⏓ (short by one syllable).

7 σ madhumatī (Sanskrit), madhukaralalita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 15, № II.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № VII.1.

7 σ madalekha (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № VII.2.

7 σ sumānikā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+-+-+-=

Classical

–⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ra-ja-ga

Dániel Balogh: In assigning a name to this very rare metre, we follow Damais (1952: 25) who in turn relies on an editorial correction to a list of metres in Colebrooke (1873: 141, n.1). It appears from Velankar (1949: 121) that no two traditional authorities agree on a name for this metre. The names cited there from treaties on poetics are: uṣṇih (which is also the class name for 7-syllable samavr̥ttas), kāminī, kheṭaka, gominī, raktā, śikhā and samānikā.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 15, № II.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

7 σ kumāralalita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+---+=

Classical

⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № VII.2.

8 σ vatāpathya (Old Javanese), pathya (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+++-++=

Classical

⏑–––⏑––⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.7.

8 σ śāpāntika1 (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++-----=

Classical

––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah: The pattern of śāpāntika is different in depending on the source. In CK, śāpāntika is presented as ––⏑|⏑⏑⏑|⏑⏓, while in Vr̥t it is ––⏑|–⏑⏑|⏑⏓.

See Zoetmulder 1974.

8 σ śāpāntika2 (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++--+--=

Classical

––⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah: The meter pattern of śāpāntika is slightly different in CK and Vr̥t. In CK, śāpāntika is presented as ––⏑|⏑⏑⏑|⏑⏓, while in Vr̥t ––⏑|–⏑⏑|⏑⏓.

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.15.

8 σ vitāna (Old Javanese), citrapada (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+--+--+=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.8.

8 σ suvilāsā (Sanskrit), vipula (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--++-++=

Classical

⏑⏑––⏑––⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ra-ga-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.4.

8 σ māṇavakakrīḍita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--++--=

Classical

–⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.9.

8 σ vidyutmālā (Old Javanese), vidyunmālā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+++++++=

Classical

–––––––⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 3, № I.A.8.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.21.

8 σ bhramaravilambita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+--=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.1.

8 σ pramāṇikā (Sanskrit), rūpinī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+-+-+-=

Classical

⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-ra-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 3, № I.A.8.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.6.

8 σ vaktra (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+--++=

Classical

–⏑–⏑⏑––⏓

Gaṇa

ra-sa-ga-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.11.

8 σ sarvavipula (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+--+-=

Classical

–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ra-sa-la-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.10.

8 σ bhakāravipula (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+++--=

Classical

⏑⏑–––⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ra-la-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.5.

8 σ rakāravipula (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++++-+=

Classical

–––––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ta-ga-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.20.

8 σ nakāravipula (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-++---=

Classical

–⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ra-bha-la-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.13.

8 σ takāravipula (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++-+++-=

Classical

––⏑–––⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ta-ma-la-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.16.

8 σ samānī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+-+-+=

Classical

–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ra-ja-ga-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 452, № VIII.12.

9/18 σ bhujagaśiśubhr̥tā (Sanskrit), bhujagaśiśukr̥ta (Old Javanese), bhujaṅgaśiśukr̥ta (Old Javanese), bhujagaśiśusr̥ta (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------++=/-+---------------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓/⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na–na–ma/na-na-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 3, № I.B.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

9 σ tatigurvi (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-----+-+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № IX.2.

9 σ sundaralēkhā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+--++--+=

Classical

–⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № IX.3.

9 σ halamukhī (Sanskrit), halamukha (Old Javanese), hayamukha (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+-----=

Classical

–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № IX.4.

9 σ

ASCII

++--++--=

Classical

––⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № IX.5.

9 σ pavitrā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++----=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № IX.6.

9 σ sundaralekhā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+++++--+=

Classical

–––––⏑⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № IX.7.

10 σ tvaritagati (Sanskrit), turidagati (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+----=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 3, № I.B.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № X.1.

10 σ meghavitānā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--+--+--+=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 451, № X.2.

10 σ śuddhavirāt (Sanskrit), ambək śuddha (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+-+-=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № X.6.

10 σ rukmavatī (Sanskrit), sadhanaśrī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+++--+=

Classical

–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ma-sa-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.B.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № X.3.

10 σ uddhatā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+++--+--+=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № X.5.

10 σ mattā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++----+=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № X.7.

10 σ

ASCII

++++-++-+=

Classical

––––⏑––⏑–⏓

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № X.8.

10 σ paṇava (Sanskrit), pavana (Old Javanese), panava (Old Javanese), anuntun (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++----++=

Classical

–––⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 453, № X.4.

10/11 σ vegavatī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--+--+--+=/+--+--+--+=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓/–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

sa-sa-sa-ga/bha-bha-bha-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 11, № I.B.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 470, № (10–11).1.

10/11 σ viyoginī (Sanskrit), prabodhitā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--+--+-+-=/--++--+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓/⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-sa-ja-ga/sa-bha-ra-la-ga

Dániel Balogh: If a verse matches this template, do not classify it as vaitālīya, which is a more generic template.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 11, № I.B.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 470, № (10–11).2.

11 σ indravajrā (Sanskrit), jayendrabajra (Old Javanese), indrabajra (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++-++--+-+=

Classical

––⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ta-ta-ja-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.B.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

11 σ upendravajrā (Sanskrit), upendrabajra (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+-++--+-+=

Classical

⏑–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ta-ta-ja-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 454, № XI.9.

11 σ dodhaka (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+--+--+--+=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

bha-bha-bha-bha-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 454, № XI.10.

11 σ rathoddhatā (Sanskrit), bhikṣuka (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+---+-+-=

Classical

–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ra-na-ra-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.6; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 454, № XI.12.

11 σ śyeni (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+-+-+-+-=

Classical

–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ra-ja-ra-la-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 454, № XI.13.

11 σ śālinī (Sanskrit), salisir (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++++-++-+=

Classical

–––––⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ta-ta-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.8; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XI.22.

11 σ vātormī (Sanskrit), vimala (Old Javanese), vātormimāla (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++++--++-+=

Classical

––––⏑⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-ta-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.8; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XI.20.

11 σ

ASCII

++++-++--+=

Classical

––––⏑––⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ra-bha-la-ga

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XI.21.

11 σ svāgatā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+-+---+--+=

Classical

–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ra-na-bha-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.9; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XI.11.

11 σ upajāti (Sanskrit), upasthita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

=+-++--+-+=

Classical

⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓

Dániel Balogh: Also known as triṣṭubh upajāti.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

11 σ bhramaravilasita (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++------=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-na-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 4, № I.A.11.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 454, № XI.18.

11 σ

ASCII

++++--+--+=

Classical

––––⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-bha-ga-ga

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 454, № XI.19.

11 σ vr̥ntā (Sanskrit), madhugulāmr̥ta (Old Javanese), vr̥tta (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--------++=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-sa-ga-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974.

11 σ mr̥tatodaka (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+----=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-sa-na-la-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 454, № XI.16.

11/11 σ upacitra (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--+--+--+-=/+--+--+--+=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓/–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

sa-sa-sa-la-ga/bha-bha-bha-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 11, № I.B.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

11/12 σ aparavaktra (Sanskrit), bhadrika (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------+-+-=/----+--+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓/⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ra-la-ga/na-ja-ja-ra

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 10, № I.B.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, p. 453, № XI.3.

11/12 σ hariṇaplutā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--+--+--+-=/---+--+--+-=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓/⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-sa-sa-la-ga/na-bha-bha-ra

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 11, № I.B.6; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

11/12 σ mālabhāriṇī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--+--+-+-+=/--++--+-+-+=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓/⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

sa-sa-ja-ga-ga/sa-bha-ra-ya

Dániel Balogh: If the whole of a stanza matches this template, do not classify it as aupacchandasika, which is a more generic template.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 28, № II.III; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 470, № (11–12).2.

11/13 σ

ASCII

+------+--=/--+-+---+-+-=

Classical

–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓/⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ra-na-ja-la-ga/sa-ja-sa-ja-ga

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 471, № (11–13).1.

12 σ toṭaka (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--+--+--+--=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-sa-sa-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.6; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.9.

12 σ bhujaṁgaprayāta (Sanskrit), bhujaṅgaprayatna (Old Javanese), bhujaṅgaprayāta (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-++-++-++-+=

Classical

⏑––⏑––⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ya-ya-ya-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.6; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.18.

12 σ

ASCII

+------+--+=

Classical

–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ra-na-ja-ja

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 456, № XII.19.

12 σ indravaṁśā (Sanskrit), indravaṅśa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++-++--+-+-=

Classical

––⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ta-ta-ja-ra

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.1; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.23.

12 σ kusumavicitrā (Sanskrit), kusumapadānta (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----++----+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

na-ya-na-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 17, № II.I.12; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.6.

12 σ śrīpuṭa (Sanskrit)

ASCII

------+++-+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ma-ya

See Zoetmulder 1974.

12 σ navamālinī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+-+---+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏓

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.4.

12 σ tāmarasa (Sanskrit), lalitapadā (Sanskrit), svādamālinī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+||--+--+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–||⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-ja-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, № I.A.12.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.4.

12 σ maṇimālā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++--++||++--+=

Classical

––⏑⏑––||––⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ta-ya-ta-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.11; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

12 σ drutavilambita (Sanskrit)

ASCII

---+--+--+-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-bha-bha-ra

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.8.

12 σ pramitākṣarā (Sanskrit), bhramitākṣara (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-+---+--=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ja-sa-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.9; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.11.

12 σ jaloddhatagati (Sanskrit)

ASCII

-+---+||-+---=

Classical

⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-sa-ja-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 455, № XII.14.

12 σ vaṁśamālā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

=+-++--+-+-=

Classical

⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: Also known as jagatī upajāti.

See Apte 1890^*; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

* Dániel Balogh: Only mentioned by Apte as a variety of upajāti under Appendix A, I.A.11.3

12 σ vaṁśastha (Sanskrit), vaṅśastha (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+-++--+-+-=

Classical

⏑–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-ta-ja-ra

Dániel Balogh: Also known as vaṁśasthavila.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 6, № I.A.12.13; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 456, № XII.15.

12 σ jaladharamālā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++----+++=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑–––⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-sa-ma

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 6, № I.A.12.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 456, № XII.26.

12 σ vaiśvadevī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+++++||+-++-+=

Classical

–––––||–⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ma-ya-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 6, № I.A.12.14; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 456, № XII.26.

12/13 σ puṣpitāgrā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

------+-+-+=/----+--+-+-+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓/⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ra-ya/na-ja-ja-ra-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 11, № I.B.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 471, № (12–13).2.

13 σ mañjubhāṣiṇī (Sanskrit), kanakaprabhā (Sanskrit), sunandinī (Sanskrit), punarmada (Old Javanese), sudhīradhāraka (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-+---+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ja-sa-ja-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 6, № I.A.13.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 456, № XIII.4.

13 σ mattamayūrī (Sanskrit), mattamayūrā (Old Javanese), mattamayūra (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++++||+--++--+=

Classical

––––||–⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ta-ya-sa-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 6, № I.A.13.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 457, № XIII.15.

13 σ rucirā (Old Javanese), śasadana (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+-+----+-+-=

Classical

⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-bha-sa-ja-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 457, № XIII.5.

13 σ praharṣiṇī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+++||----+-+-+=

Classical

–––||⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-na-ja-ra-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 6, № I.A.13.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 457, № XIII.12.

13 σ

ASCII

++++-----+++=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-na-ma-ga

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 457, № XIII.13.

13 σ caṇḍī (Sanskrit), kamalalocanā (Sanskrit), kamalākṣī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--------+--+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-sa-sa-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 18, № II.I.13; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 457, № XIII.1.

13 σ ambudhivīci (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++----+--+=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-sa-sa-ga

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 457, № XIII.14.

14 σ asaṁbādhā (Sanskrit), sambaddha (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++++||------++=

Classical

–––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ta-na-sa-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 7, № I.A.14.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 458, № XIV.10.

14 σ aparājitā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

------+-+--+-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ra-sa-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 7, № I.A.14.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 458, № XIV.3.

14 σ praharaṇakalikā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

------+||------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-bha-na-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 7, № I.A.14.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 458, № XIV.2.

14 σ vasantatilakā (Sanskrit), basantatilakā (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++-+---+--+-+=

Classical

––⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ta-bha-ja-ja-ga-ga

Dániel Balogh: Also known as vasantatilaka, uddharṣiṇī, siṁhonnatā. Though not explicitly prescribed in any extant metrical treatise, poets often observe a caesura after the 8th syllable of a vasantatilakā line.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 7, № I.A.14.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 458, № XIV.6.

14/15 σ madhyakṣāmā (Sanskrit), haṁsaśyenī (Sanskrit), kuṭila (Sanskrit), kuvalayakusuma (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++++------+++=/++-+------++++=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––⏓/––⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––––⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-na-ya-ga-ga/ta-bha-na-ya-ma

The meter kuvalayakusuma in the Vr̥t has the 14 syllables whose the short-long patterns are identical with madhyakṣāmā in Sanskrit while the CK has the 15 syllables of kuvalayakusuma.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 7, № I.A.14.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

14/15 σ śaśikalā (Sanskrit), maṇiguṇanikara (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-------------=/--------------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓/⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-na-na-la-ga/na-na-na-na-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 7, № I.A.14.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 458, № XIV.6.

15 σ mālinī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

------++||+-++-+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––||–⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ma-ya-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 7, № I.A.15.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 458, № XV.2.

15 σ mr̥dukaralalita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++++------++++=

Classical

––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––––⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-na-ta-ma

15 σ viṣasmara (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-+---+-+---=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ja-sa-ja-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 459, № XV.5.

15 σ nāgata (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-----++++----=

Classical

–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-na-ya-bha-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 459, № XV.6.

16 σ giriśa (Old Javanese), girisa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------+++++----=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ma-ta-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 459, № XVI.1.

16 σ gajavilasita (Sanskrit), r̥ṣabhagajavilasita (Sanskrit), vr̥ṣabhagativilasita (Old Javanese), gajavr̥ṣabhavilasita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+-+---------=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ra-na-na-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 459, № XVI.3.

16 σ vīralalita (Old Javanese), jagatpramudita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+-+---+-+---=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ra-na-ja-na-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 459, № XVI.4.

17 σ hariṇī (Sanskrit), hariṇīdhvani (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-----+||++++||-+--+-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||––––||⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-sa-ma-ra-sa-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 8, № I.A.17.7; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 460, № XVII.1.

17 σ nardaṭaka (Sanskrit), avitatha (Sanskrit), rajanī (Old Javanese), avitāna (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+-+---+--+--=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-bha-ja-ja-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 8, № I.A.17.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 460, № XVII.2.

17/18 σ vilāsinī (Sanskrit), viśvalalita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+-+---+-||+---=/++++-+-+---+-+---=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑||–⏑⏑⏑⏓/––––⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-bha-ja-bha-la-ga/ma-ra-ja-sa-ja-sa

17 σ pr̥thvī (Sanskrit), pr̥thvītala (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+---+-+||---+-++-=

Classical

⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–||⏑⏑⏑–⏑––⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-sa-ja-sa-ya-la-ga

Dániel Balogh: The caesura in pr̥thvī is not observed by all poets.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 8, № I.A.17.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 460, № XVII.5.

17 σ śikhariṇī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

-+++++||-----++---=

Classical

⏑–––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ya-ma-na-sa-bha-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 8, № I.A.17.6; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 460, № XVII.7.

17 σ vaṁśapattrapatita (Sanskrit), vaṅśapattrapatita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+-+---+||------=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ra-na-bha-na-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 8, № I.A.17.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 461, № XVII.8.

17 σ mandākrāntā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++||-----+||+-++-+=

Classical

––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||–⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-na-ta-ta-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 8, № I.A.17.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 461, № XVII.10.

18 σ citralekhā (Sanskrit), kusumitalatā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+++++||-----+||+-++-+=

Classical

–––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||–⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-bha-na-ya-ya-ya-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 8, № I.A.17.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 461, № XVIII.8.

18 σ mahāmālikā (Sanskrit), nārāca (Sanskrit), siṁhavikrīḍita (Sanskrit), madaharṣa (Old Javanese), mandapa (Old Javanese), vanamālā (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------+-++-++-++-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑––⏑––⏑––⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ra-ra-ra-ra

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 22, № II.I.18; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 461, № XVIII.1.

18 σ suvaṅśapattra (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+-+---+------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-bha-ja-na-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 461, № XVIII.2.

18 σ mr̥dukomala (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+-+---+-+---=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-sa-ja-sa-ja-sa

Dániel Balogh: Like the related śārdūlavikrīḍita, this metre may have a caesura after the 12th syllable.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 461, № XVIII.6.

19 σ navaharṣa (Old Javanese), navahaṣa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+--+------+--+--=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-sa-na-na-bha-bha-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 462, № XIX.1.

19 σ meghaviṣphūrjita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+++++-----++-++-+=

Classical

⏑–––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ya-ma-na-sa-ra-ra-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 462, № XIX.5.

19 σ vijayagati (Old Javanese), mr̥gāṅśa (Old Javanese), mr̥tagaṅśa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+-+---+------=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 462, № XIX.8.

19 σ śārdūlavikrīḍita (Sanskrit)

ASCII

+++--+-+---+||++-++-=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑––⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-sa-ja-sa-ta-ta-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 9, № I.A.19.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 462, № XIX.9.

19 σ sumadhurā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++-++||-----+||++---=

Classical

––––⏑––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ra-bha-na-ma-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 9, № I.A.19.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

19 σ karuṇalalita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+---------+-----=

Classical

–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ra-na-na-na-bha-na-ga

20 σ kāmamālā (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-+---+------+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 463, № XX.1; Sugriwa 1978, p. 12.

20 σ gaṇḍakā (Sanskrit), gəli (Old Javanese), glisosyan (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+=

Classical

–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ra-ja-ra-ja-ra-ja-ra-ja-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949, p. 142, № 20.13; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 463, № XX.5.

20 σ citraturida (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++----++----++----+=

Classical

––⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ta-na-ta-na-ta-na-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 464, № XX.6.

20 σ visarjita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+--+------+--+--=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-bha-bha-na-ja-ja-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 464, № XX.3.

20 σ mr̥gāṅkacarita (Sanskrit), śaśāṅkaracita (Sanskrit), mr̥gāṅśarajanī (Old Javanese), mattarāga (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++-+---+-+---+-+---=

Classical

––⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ta-bha-ja-bha-ja-bha-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 23, № II.20; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 464, № XX.7.

20 σ mattebhavikrīḍita (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--++--+-+---+||++-++-=

Classical

⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑––⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-bha-ra-na-ma-ya-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 24, № II.20; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

20 σ puṣpacāpa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+-+---+++-++-+=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-sa-ja-sa-ta-ta-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 464, № XX.8.

20 σ suvadanā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++-++||------+||++---=

Classical

––––⏑––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ra-bha-na-ya-bha-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 9, № I.A.20.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 464, № XX.9.

20 σ jayakusuma (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-------+---+-+--+--=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ja-sa-ja-ja-la-ga

21 σ citravilāpa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+--+------+--+--=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-ja-na-sa-sa-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 464, № XXI.2.

21 σ kusumavilasita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+-+---+------+-+-=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ra-na-bha-na-ja-ra

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 464, № XXI.6.

21 σ sragdharā (Sanskrit), sragdhara (Old Javanese), mandrādri (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++++-++||------+||+-++-+=

Classical

––––⏑––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||–⏑––⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ra-bha-na-ya-ya-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 10, № I.A.21.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 465, № XXI.11.

21 σ campakamālā (Sanskrit), pañcakāvalī (Sanskrit), sarasī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

----+-+||---+--+||--+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–||⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–||⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-bha-ja-ja-ja-ra

Dániel Balogh: This metre is rare in Sanskrit, but popular in Telugu, where caesuras are not observed, but additional rules govern assonance within and across the lines.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 9, № I.A.21.1; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

22 σ ākr̥ti class (Sanskrit)

ASCII

----+-+---+------+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-bha-ja-na-sa-ja-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 465, № XXII.1.

22 σ sandhyakāra (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+-+---+-+---+-++-=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑––⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-bha-ja-bha-ja-ta-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 465, № XXII.2.

22 σ madraka (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+-+---+||-+---+-+---=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ra-na-ra-na-ra-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 24, § II.I.22; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 465, № XXII.6^*.

* Dániel Balogh: Zoetmulder gives the prosody erroneously as –⏑⏑|–⏑–|⏑⏑⏑|–⏑–|⏑⏑⏑|-⏑-|⏑⏑⏑|⏓ (bha-ra-na-ra-na-ra-na-ga). The 6th gaṇa is correctly -⏑- (ra) as shown in Apte's appendix, in Apte's source (Piṅgala's Chandaḥśāstra 7.26), and confirmed by actual Javanese examples.

22 σ kilayu anəḍəṅ (Old Javanese), kilayu manəḍəṅ (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++------+-+---+------=

Classical

––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, pp. 465–466, № XXII.7.

17/23 σ bhujaṅgavilasita (Old Javanese), bhujagavilasita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+-+---+-+----=/--+------+-+---+------=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓/⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha–ra–na–ra–na–la–ga/sa-na-na-ra-na-bha-na-la-ga

23 σ aśvalalita (Sanskrit)

ASCII

----+-+---+||-+---+-+---=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-bha-ja-bha-ja-bha-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, § II.I.23; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 466, № XXIII.1.

23 σ jagadnātha (Old Javanese), virat təbu sol (Old Javanese), kaləṅəṅan (Old Javanese), padmakeśara (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+---+-+---+------+-+-=

Classical

⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 466, № XXIII.3.

23 σ jagaddhita (Old Javanese), bhavacakra (Old Javanese), rāgakusuma (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+-+---+------+-+-=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la-ga

Dániel Balogh: This Javanese metre may have a caesura after the 12th syllable (like the śārdūlavikrīḍita, to which it is identical up to this point), but this is not strictly observed.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 467, № XXIII.8.

23 σ mattākrīḍā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++++++++--------------=

Classical

––––––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ma-ta-na-na-na-na-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 468, № XXIII.9.

23 σ puṣpasañcaya (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+--+--+--+--+--+-+-=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-bha-bha-bha-bha-bha-ra-la-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 466, № XXIII.5.

24 σ kendran (Old Javanese), glis (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+++--++------------+=

Classical

–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ma-ta-bha-ma-ma-ma-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Sugriwa 1978, p. 12.

24 σ madhulinda (Old Javanese), madhulenda (Old Javanese)

ASCII

-+---+-+---+-+---+-+---=

Classical

⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-sa-ja-sa-ja-sa-ja-sa

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 468, № XXIV.3.

24 σ tanvī (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+-------++--+------+=

Classical

–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓

Gaṇa

bha-bha-na-sa-bha-bha-na-ya

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 468, № XXIV.5.

25 σ abhikr̥ti class (Sanskrit)

ASCII

-+---+-+---+------+-+---=

Classical

⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ja-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-na-ga

Dániel Balogh: Apte refers to this class as atikr̥ti, not abhikr̥ti.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 468, № XXV.1.

25 σ krauñcapadā (Sanskrit), sakrauñca (Old Javanese), vikasitakusuma (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+++--++--------------=

Classical

–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ma-sa-bha-na-na-na-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949, p. 145, № 25.4; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 468, № XXV.4.

25 σ vidyutkara (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--+-+---+------+-+---=

Classical

–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 468, № XXV.5.

25 σ kusumasari (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------+-+--+------+-+---=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-ra-sa-na-na-ra-na-ga

26 σ surakusuma (Old Javanese), vadara gumuluṅ (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------+------+-----------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-bha-na-ja-na-na-na-la-ga

26 σ apavāha (Sanskrit)

ASCII

++---------------------++=

Classical

––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓

Gaṇa

ta-na-na-na-na-na-na-sa-ga-ga

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 469, № XXVI.2.

26 σ pādaviśāla (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+--+++--++-------------++=

Classical

–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓

Gaṇa

bha-ma-sa-bha-na-na-na-sa-ga-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

26 σ bhujaṁgavijr̥mbhita (Sanskrit), bhujaṅgavijr̥mbhita (Old Javanese)

ASCII

++++++++----------+-+--+-=

Classical

––––––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

ma-ma-ta-na-na-ra-sa-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, § II.I.26; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 469, № XXVI.4.

26 σ vahiṅ rat (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+++--------------------++=

Classical

–––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓

Gaṇa

ma-na-na-na-na-na-na-sa-ga-ga

26 σ nāgakusuma (Old Javanese)

ASCII

----+---+--+---------+---=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-sa-sa-na-na-na-bha-la-ga

29 σ maṇikiraṇa (Sanskrit), daṇḍasagala (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------+------+-------------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-bha-na-ja-na-na-na-na-la-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 26; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 469, № XXIX.1.

48 σ lalu (Old Javanese)

ASCII

------+---+-----------+----------+------+------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-na-bha-na-na-na-na-ja-na-na-na-bha-na-ja-na-sa

Uneven syllabic metres (Viṣama)

20, 10, 13 σ saurabhaviṣama (Sanskrit), sorabhavisama (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-+---+------+-+-=, +-+---+--=, --+-+---+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓, –⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓, ⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la-ga, ra-na-bha-ga, sa-ja-sa-ja-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 471, № XXIX.1.

20, 11, 13 σ udgataviṣama (Sanskrit), udgatavisama (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-+---+------+-+-=, +-----+-+-=, --+-+---+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓, –⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓, ⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la-ga, bha-na-ja-la-ga, sa-ja-sa-ja-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 471, № XXIX.1.

20, 12, 13 σ lalitaviṣama (Sanskrit), lalitavisama (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-+---+------+-+-=, --------+--=, --+-+---+-+-=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓, ⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓, ⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la-ga, na-na-sa-sa, sa-ja-sa-ja-ga

See Zoetmulder 1974, appendix III: Kakawin-Metres, p. 471, № XXIX.1.

Moraic metres

āryā (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, pp. 11–12, № I.D.a.1; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

gīti (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 12, № I.D.a.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

upagīti (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 12, № I.D.a.3; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

udgīti (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 12, № I.D.a.4; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

āryāgīti (Undetermined), kanda (Kannada)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 12, № I.D.a.5; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

sugīti (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4/4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

anugīti (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

vallarī (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

lalitā (Undetermined)

ASCII

4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

Syllabic metres with loose constraints

8 σ pādānuṣṭubh (Old Javanese), free_octosyllabic (English)

ASCII

========

Classical

⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974; Noorduyn & Teeuw 2006.

The anuṣṭubh

8/8 σ anuṣṭubh (Sanskrit)

ASCII

====-++=/====-+-=

Classical

⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑––⏓/⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: This metre is often also called śloka or vaktra. The formula given here is the classical pathyā form of the metre. An additional constraint that cannot be expressed in the notation is that the second and third syllables of any quarter must not be both short. The vipulā variants recognised in the Sanskrit tradition for odd lines are listed below, while anuṣṭubh-derived sama metres of the Javanese tradition are included in the list of syllabo-quantitative metres above. The Vedic anuṣṭubh metre is not included in this list as it has not so far occurred in any text edited for DHARMA, but if it needs to be added one day, it should be placed in the section on syllabic metres with loose constraints.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 3, № I.A.8.1; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

8 σ na-vipulā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

===+---=

Classical

⏓⏓⏓–⏑⏑⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: This is a variation permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas. The second and third syllables of any quarter must not be both short.

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

8 σ bha-vipulā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

=+-++--=

Classical

⏓–⏑––⏑⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: This is a variation permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas.

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

8 σ ma-vipulā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

=+-++||++=

Classical

⏓–⏑––||––⏓

Dániel Balogh: This is a variation permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas.

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

8 σ ra-vipulā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

===++-+=

Classical

⏓⏓⏓––⏑–⏓

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

8 σ ta-vipulā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

=+-+++-=

Classical

⏓–⏑–––⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: This is a rare variation that may be permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza in some schools of versification, but probably counts as unacceptable in most schools. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas.

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

8 σ sa-vipulā (Sanskrit)

ASCII

===+--+=

Classical

⏓⏓⏓–⏑⏑–⏓

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

Pre-classical trimeter

trimeter (English)

Dániel Balogh: Classify a stanza as trimeter if it consists of loosely constrained lines of 11±1 or 12±1 syllables that do not conform to the more specific patterns of triṣṭubh or jagatī.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

11 σ triṣṭubh (Sanskrit)

ASCII

=+=+-=+-+=

Classical

⏓–⏓–⏓⏑⏓–⏑–⏓

Dániel Balogh: Classify a stanza as triṣṭubh if it consists of (predominantly) 11-syllable lines that do not conform to the fully constrained indravajrā or upendravajrā templates. Triṣṭubh lines tend to conform to the pattern ⏓–⏓–||⏑⏑––⏑–⏓ or ⏓–⏓–⏓||⏑⏑–⏑–⏓, but this is far from an absolute requirement.

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

12 σ jagatī (Sanskrit)

ASCII

=+=+-=+-+-=

Classical

⏓–⏓–⏓⏑⏓–⏑–⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: Classify a stanza as jagatī if it consists of (predominantly) 12-syllable lines that do not conform to the fully constrained indravaṁśā or vaṁśastha templates. Jagatī lines tend to conform to the pattern ⏓–⏓–||⏑⏑––⏑–⏓ or ⏓–⏓–⏓||⏑⏑–⏑–⏓, but this is far from an absolute requirement.

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

Metres combining moraic and syllabic patterns

vaitālīya (Undetermined)

ASCII

6|+-+-=/8|+-+-=

Classical

⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑⏓/⏕⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: The moraic part must not be all short or all long syllables. Distinguish from the syllabo-quantitative viyoginī and aparavaktra, which also fit this template but are fully constrained.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 12, № I.D.b; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

aupacchandasika (Undetermined)

ASCII

6|+-+-+=/8|+-+-+=

Classical

⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑–⏓/⏕⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑–⏓

Dániel Balogh: The moraic part must not be all short or all long syllables. Distinguish from the syllabo-quantitative mālabhāriṇī and puṣpitāgrā, which also fit this template but are fully constrained.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 12, № I.D.c; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

āpātalikā (Undetermined)

ASCII

6|+--+=/8|+--+=

Classical

⏕⏕⏕–⏑⏑–⏓/⏕⏕⏕⏕–⏑⏑–⏓

Dániel Balogh: The moraic part must not be all short or all long syllables. Distinguish from the syllabo-quantitative vegavatī, which also fits this template but is fully constrained.

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

gītikā (Undetermined)

ASCII

2|-+=|2|-+|2|=/2|+-++-+-=

Classical

⏕⏑–⏓⏕⏑–⏕⏓/⏕–⏑––⏑–⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: A rare metre not mentioned in most treatises on versification but found in some epigraphic texts.

See Apte 1890; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

The daṇḍaka class

daṇḍa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

[+--]+-+|⏑⏓

Classical

[–⏑⏑]–⏑–|⏑⏓

Dániel Balogh: Any number of iterations of the foot –⏑⏑, followed by –⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓.

daṇḍaka (Old Javanese)

ASCII

---|---[+-+]

Classical

⏑⏑⏑|⏑⏑⏑[–⏑–]

Dániel Balogh: The sequence ⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑ followed by any number of iterations of the foot –⏑–.

malāhati (Old Javanese), malavati (Old Javanese)

ASCII

[--+]

Classical

[⏑⏑–]

Dániel Balogh: Any number of iterations of the foot ⏑⏑–.

Tamil metres

veṇpā (Tamil)

āciriyappā (Tamil)

kalippā (Tamil)

vañcippā (Tamil)

maruṭpā (Tamil)

Additions in need of processing

12 σ kusumāyudha (Undetermined)

ASCII

----+------=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

10 σ paṅkti class (Sanskrit)

ASCII

--------+=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

13 σ atijagatī class (Sanskrit)

ASCII

----+--+-----=

Classical

⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

na-ja-ja-na-ga

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

12 σ candravartma (Sanskrit), turagagati (Old Javanese)

ASCII

+-+---+----=

Classical

–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, p. 5, № I.A.12.2; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

21 σ siṅharūpa (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+-++--------------=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

Gaṇa

sa-ya-na-na-na-na-sa

13 σ citrālaya (Old Javanese)

ASCII

--+--+------=

Classical

⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓

See Apte 1890, appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody; Velankar 1949; Zoetmulder 1974.

Editing Prosodic Patterns

Contributors who encode texts for DHARMA can and should edit this authority file as and when the need arises, namely when they encounter a prosodic pattern which can be associated with a conventional name but is not listed in this file, or when they wish to add a new name to a pattern already listed in this file. In addition to expanding the content as above, additions and corrections to the presently rather scant bibliographic references are welcome.

The relevant content of the document is located within the <body> element, divided into several <list> elements, each with a self-explanatory <head>. Within each list, one <item> corresponds to each recorded prosodic pattern.

To add a new pattern, it is best to copy a similar pre-existing <item> and to paste it in the appropriate location in the appropriate list. The lists containing syllable-based metres are arranged in an increasing order of the number of syllables per line. After duplicating an existing item, edit its details to correspond to the new pattern you wish to create. Likewise, if correcting or improving an existing item, edit its details according to the following instructions.

For syllabic metres, record the number of syllables in <measure unit="syllable">. For ardhasama metres, use two numbers separated by a slash. For viṣama metres, use as many numbers as applicable, separated by commas and spaces.

The metre’s name should be given in the element <name>. Several <name>s can be given to allow for the fact that different traditions may use the same metrical pattern but under different names. Add the attribute @xml:lang to make it clear from which tradition the <name> is taken. If you cannot put a specific name to a pattern, use <label type="generic"> instead of <name> and specify the class of the metre (based on the number of syllables) in this element. When neither a specific name, nor a class name are applicable, use neither of these elements and encode only the prosodic pattern.

Record the prosodic pattern associated with the metre in three different forms using the element <seg> with three different values of @type. For syllable-based metres, record the length of syllables in ASCII and classical notation (as shown at the top of this document), indicating caesuras as applicable and using the notation for anceps at the last syllable of each line. Do not include spaces or other separators in these codes. Also record the pattern using the gaṇa codes of the Sanskrit tradition, using a hyphen between each syllable denoting a gaṇa. As in recording the number of syllables, use slashes to separate the patterns for the lines of ardhasama metres, and spaces and commas to separate the patterns for the lines of viṣama metres. For metres based on moraic feet, use only the ASCII notation to indicate foot boundaries as well as caesurae, and to record the number of morae in each foot. For metres where neither syllabic nor moraic patterns can be expressed by means of such simplistic code, leave the <seg> elements empty. In all complex cases it is recommended that you add a <note> after or instead of the <seg> elements and sign it with your DHARMA identifier in the attribute @resp. Such a note shall contain a brief description of the properties of the pattern.

A bibliography at the end of each <item> follows the usual structure comprised of the element <listBibl> as parent containing one <bibl> element for each entry, in which the empty element <ptr> with the attribute @target gives the Zotero short title prefixed by “bib:” as explained in the DHARMA encoding guides. The existing items have been populated with skeleton references to the works most likely to discuss a prosodic pattern (Apte 1890, Velankar 1949 and Zoetmulder 1974), but not all of these references have been supplied for the currently listed metres. Adding citation details is therefore welcome. When creating a new entry, feel free to remove irrelevant references and to cite other publications as applicable. As and when you feel the need, add a <note> after a <bibl> element (and sign it with your DHARMA identifier in the attribute @resp), to provide additional information about a citation. When none of the usual reference works mention a metre, this too may be mentioned in a note.