Malhār Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 6)

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00032.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-18 01:10 (f94ae3a).

Edition

Logical
Physical
Full

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavinayasa⟨1v2⟩mpatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsam⟦o⟧⟨⟨ā⟩⟩śraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśau⟨1v3⟩ryyaprajñāprabhāvasa⟨ṁ⟩bhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva kṛt⟨t⟩ivāsaso⟨1v4⟩rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩nu⟨ḥ⟩ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasaṁbhavaḥ paramamāhe⟨1v5⟩śvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyāta⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivaguptarāja⟨ḥ⟩ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| ta⟨1v6⟩raḍa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śakabhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yakailāsapuragrāme brāhmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sampūjya sapradhā⟨1v7⟩nā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsino yathākālādhyāsinas samāharttṛsannidhātṛ¡(su)!⟨pra⟩⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩mukhān adhikāriṇa⟨ḥ⟩ sakaraṇān anyā¡n!⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopaj¿i?⟨ī⟩vinaḥ sarvvarā⟨2r2⟩japuruṣā⟨n⟩ samājñāpayati

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grā⟨2r3⟩maḥ sanidhi⟨ḥ⟩ sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvapīḍā⟨2r4⟩varjjita⟨ḥ⟩ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśatayā| taraḍa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śakapratiṣṭhi⟨2r5⟩takoradevabh¿o?⟨ā⟩⟨r⟩yyālak¿a?⟨ā⟩kāritavihārikānivāsicāturdiśāryyabhi⟨2r6⟩kṣusaṅghāya śr¿i?⟨ī⟩bhāskaravarmmamātulavijñaptyā tām{v}raśāsanenāca⟨2r7⟩ndrārkkasamakāl⟨opabhogārth⟩am mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛdhaye| Āṣāḍhā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩māvāsyā⟨ṁ⟩ sūryyagrahoparāge Udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity

ataṣ ca⟨2v2⟩vidheyatayā samucitam bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi⟨r⟩ bhavadbhiḥ sukha⟨2v3⟩m prativastavyam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidhīyate

I. Vasantatilakā

⟨2v4⟩ bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo ⟨2v5⟩ narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT|

Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣmī{ḥ}m

āyus ta⟨2v6⟩thā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭaṁ

Api ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālanayos tāvat ¡p!⟨ph⟩alaṁ su⟨2v7⟩gatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate|

vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩ś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāh¿ā?⟨a⟩ranti

III. Indravajrā

Agner apatya⟨ṁ⟩ prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇaṁ

bhūr vvaiṣṇa(vī) ⟨3r2⟩ s¿u?⟨ū⟩ryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca ma⟨3r3⟩h¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ā⟨3r4⟩kṣeptā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT|

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasu⟨3r5⟩dhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya ta⟨3r6⟩dā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira{ḥ}

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨3r7⟩ śreṣṭha dānāt ¡s!⟨ś⟩reyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Seal

rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩ śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates⟨Page 1r⟩ 
⟨Page 1v⟩ 
⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavinayasa-
⟨1v2⟩ mpatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsam⟦o⟧⟨⟨ā⟩⟩śraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśau-
⟨1v3⟩ ryyaprajñāprabhāvasa⟨ṁ⟩bhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva kṛt⟨t⟩ivāsaso-
⟨1v4⟩ rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩◯harṣadevasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩nu⟨ḥ⟩ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasaṁbhavaḥ paramamāhe-
⟨1v5⟩ śvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyāta⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivaguptarāja⟨ḥ⟩ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| ta-
⟨1v6⟩ raḍa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śakabhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yakailāsapuragrāme brāhmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sampūjya sapradhā-
⟨1v7⟩ nā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsino yathākālādhyāsinas samāharttṛsannidhātṛ¡(su)!⟨pra⟩-
⟨Page 2r⟩ 
⟨2r1⟩ mukhān adhikāriṇa⟨ḥ⟩ sakaraṇān anyā¡n!⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopaj¿i?⟨ī⟩vinaḥ sarvvarā-
⟨2r2⟩ japuruṣā⟨n⟩ samājñāpayati viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grā-
⟨2r3⟩ maḥ sanidhi⟨ḥ⟩ sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvapīḍā-
⟨2r4⟩ varjjita⟨ḥ⟩ ◯pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśatayā| taraḍa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śakapratiṣṭhi-
⟨2r5⟩ takoradevabh¿o?⟨ā⟩⟨r⟩yyālak¿a?⟨ā⟩kāritavihārikānivāsicāturdiśāryyabhi-
⟨2r6⟩ kṣusaṅghāya śr¿i?⟨ī⟩bhāskaravarmmamātulavijñaptyā tām{v}raśāsanenāca-
⟨2r7⟩ ndrārkkasamakāl⟨opabhogārth⟩am mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛdhaye| Āṣāḍhā-
⟨Page 2v⟩ 
⟨2v1⟩ māvāsyā⟨ṁ⟩ sūryyagrahoparāge Udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity ataṣ ca-
⟨2v2⟩ vidheyatayā samucitam bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi⟨r⟩ bhavadbhiḥ sukha-
⟨2v3⟩ m prativastavyam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidhīyate  
⟨2v4⟩ bhūmipra◯dā divi lalanti patanti hanta hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo 
⟨2v5⟩ narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT| Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣmī{ḥ}m āyus ta-
⟨2v6⟩ thā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭaṁ Api ca  rakṣāpālanayos tāvat ¡p!⟨ph⟩alaṁ su-
⟨2v7⟩ gatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩ ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate| vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩-
⟨Page 3r⟩ 
⟨3r1⟩ ś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāh¿ā?⟨a⟩ranti  Agner apatya⟨ṁ⟩ prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇaṁ bhūr vvaiṣṇa(vī) 
⟨3r2⟩ s¿u?⟨ū⟩ryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩ dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena bhavanti lokā ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca ma-
⟨3r3⟩ h¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT  ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ Ā-
⟨3r4⟩ kṣeptā ◯cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT|  bahubhir vvasu-
⟨3r5⟩ dhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩ yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya ta-
⟨3r6⟩ dā phalaṁ  svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira{ḥ} mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ 
⟨3r7⟩ śreṣṭha dānāt ¡s!⟨ś⟩reyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩ ¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavinayasa⟨1v2⟩mpatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsam⟦o⟧⟨⟨ā⟩⟩śraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśau⟨1v3⟩ryyaprajñāprabhāvasa⟨ṁ⟩bhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva kṛt⟨t⟩ivāsaso⟨1v4⟩rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩◯harṣadevasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩nu⟨ḥ⟩ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasaṁbhavaḥ paramamāhe⟨1v5⟩śvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyāta⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivaguptarāja⟨ḥ⟩ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| ta⟨1v6⟩raḍa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śakabhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yakailāsapuragrāme brāhmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sampūjya sapradhā⟨1v7⟩nā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsino yathākālādhyāsinas samāharttṛsannidhātṛ¡(su)!⟨pra⟩⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩mukhān adhikāriṇa⟨ḥ⟩ sakaraṇān anyā¡n!⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopaj¿i?⟨ī⟩vinaḥ sarvvarā⟨2r2⟩japuruṣā⟨n⟩ samājñāpayati

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grā⟨2r3⟩maḥ sanidhi⟨ḥ⟩ sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvapīḍā⟨2r4⟩varjjita⟨ḥ⟩ ◯pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśatayā| taraḍa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śakapratiṣṭhi⟨2r5⟩takoradevabh¿o?⟨ā⟩⟨r⟩yyālak¿a?⟨ā⟩kāritavihārikānivāsicāturdiśāryyabhi⟨2r6⟩kṣusaṅghāya śr¿i?⟨ī⟩bhāskaravarmmamātulavijñaptyā tām{v}raśāsanenāca⟨2r7⟩ndrārkkasamakāl⟨opabhogārth⟩am mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛdhaye| Āṣāḍhā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩māvāsyā⟨ṁ⟩ sūryyagrahoparāge Udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity

ataṣ ca⟨2v2⟩vidheyatayā samucitam bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi⟨r⟩ bhavadbhiḥ sukha⟨2v3⟩m prativastavyam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidhīyate

I. Vasantatilakā

⟨2v4⟩ bhūmipra◯dā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo ⟨2v5⟩ narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT|

Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣmī{ḥ}m

āyus ta⟨2v6⟩thā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭaṁ

Api ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālanayos tāvat ¡p!⟨ph⟩alaṁ su⟨2v7⟩gatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate|

vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩ś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāh¿ā?⟨a⟩ranti

III. Indravajrā

Agner apatya⟨ṁ⟩ prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇaṁ

bhūr vvaiṣṇa(vī) ⟨3r2⟩ s¿u?⟨ū⟩ryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca ma⟨3r3⟩h¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ā⟨3r4⟩kṣeptā ◯cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT|

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasu⟨3r5⟩dhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya ta⟨3r6⟩dā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira{ḥ}

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨3r7⟩ śreṣṭha dānāt ¡s!⟨ś⟩reyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

⟨1v2⟩ °śau⟨1v3⟩ryya° ⬦ °śau⟨1v3⟩ryya° MP; °śau⟨1v3⟩⟨r⟩yya° AMS.

⟨2r5⟩ °bh¿o?⟨ā⟩⟨r⟩yyā° ⬦ °bh¿o?⟨ā⟩ryyā° MP; °bhoyyā° AMS.

⟨2r6⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śrī° MP; śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° AMS.

⟨2r7⟩ °pittror ⬦ °pittror MP; °pitror AMS.

⟨3r1⟩ cāt{t}ra ⬦ cāttra MP; cātra AMS.

⟨3r7⟩ ¡s!⟨ś⟩reyo ⬦ ¡s!⟨ś⟩reyo MP; śreyo AMS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the earth.

Plates

(1v1–2r2) Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas (i.e., Śiva); who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Kailāsapura situated in the Taradaṁśaka bhoga, [the king] issues [the following command] to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service, to the governor and other local council, headed by the collector and the receiver, to those who are temporarily posted [in the village], and to the residents [of the village] with their headman:

(2r2–2v1) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to a community of monks of the four quarters who reside at a small monastery that was constructed in the Taradaṁśaka bhoga by Alakā, the wife of Koradeva. [The grant of the village], which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, [took place] on the occasion of a solar eclipse in the night of the new moon in the month of Āṣāḍha [and] was requested by [our] maternal uncle, the illustrious Bhāskaravarman. [The grant] comes along with [the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; [the right to] punish and realise fines for the ten offences; [the right to collect] all taxes [payable to the king]; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.

(2v1–2v3) Therefore, you should render the proper prescribed [shares of] periodical offerings, produce, and the like, while living happily [in this village]. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v4–2v6

[Kings] who donate land sport in heaven, [but] look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

And also:

2v6–2v7

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

(2v7–3r1) And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

3r1–3r3

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r3–3r4

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r4–3r6

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r6–3r7

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

Commentary

The charter is undated, but was issued on the same occasion as Dk00031; the solar eclipse of the month of Āṣāḍha in the sixth regnal year of Śivagupta.

The copperplates are all inscribed with seven lines of text, that is to say, the verso side of the first plate, both sides of the second plate, and the recto side of the third plate. The seventh line on the recto side of the third plate is used only half, which means that there was enough space to inscribe a final phrase, specifying the king’s regnal year in which the grant was made and, perhaps, mentioning the name of the scribe, on the remainder of this line or the verso side of the copperplate. It is unclear whether this was forgotten, or omitted for some other reason.

Bibliography

First edited by Mirashi and Pandeya 1935–1936 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995, pp. 134–137; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates.

Primary

[MP] Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu and L.P. Pandeya. 1935–1936. “Mallar plates of Maha-Sivagupta.” EI 23, pp. 113–122.

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 134–137.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 37, 58, 95, 249.

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<title>Malhār Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 6)</title>

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<l n="ab">rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

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<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣit<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yavinayasa<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>mpatsa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>pāditasakalavijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣuguṇo guṇavatsam<subst><del>o</del><add place="overstrike">ā</add></subst>śraya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> prakṛṣṭataraśau<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>ryyaprajñāprabhāvasa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>bhāvitamahābhyudaya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kārt<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ikeya Iva kṛt<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ivāsaso<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><space type="binding-hole"/>harṣadevasya s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>nu<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> somava<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śasaṁbhavaḥ paramamāhe<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>śvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyāta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mahāśivaguptarāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kuśal<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><g type="ddandaHooked"/> ta<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>raḍa<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śakabhog<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yakailāsapuragrāme brāhmaṇā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sampūjya sapradhā<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>nā<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> prativāsino yathākālādhyāsinas samāharttṛsannidhātṛ<choice><orig><unclear>su</unclear></orig><reg>pra</reg></choice><pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>mukhān adhikāriṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sakaraṇān anyā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>ś cāsmatpādopaj<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vinaḥ sarvvarā<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>japuruṣā<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied> samājñāpayati</p> <p>viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grā<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>maḥ sanidhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvapīḍā<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>varjjita<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <space type="binding-hole"/>pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśatayā<g type="dandaHooked"/> taraḍa<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śakapratiṣṭhi<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>takoradevabh<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>yyālak<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>kāritavihārikānivāsicāturdiśāryyabhi<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>kṣusaṅghāya śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>bhāskaravarmmamātulavijñaptyā tām<surplus>v</surplus>raśāsanenāca<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>ndrārkkasamakāl<supplied reason="omitted">opabhogārth</supplied>am mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛdhaye<g type="dandaPlain"/> Āṣāḍhā<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>māvāsyā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sūryyagrahoparāge Udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity</p> <p>ataṣ ca<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>vidheyatayā samucitam bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied> bhavadbhiḥ sukha<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>m prativastavyam iti<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>iśyedam abhidhīyate</p>

<l n="a"><lb n="2v4"/>bhūmipra<space type="binding-hole"/>dā divi lalanti patanti hanta</l>

<l n="b">hṛtvā mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> nṛpatayo <lb n="2v5"/>narake nṛśa<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sāT<g type="dandaHooked"/></l>

<l n="c">Etad <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣmī<surplus>ḥ</surplus>m</l>

<l n="d">āyus ta<lb n="2v6" break="no"/>thā kuruta yad bhavatām abh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣṭaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">rakṣāpālanayos tāvat <choice><orig>p</orig><reg>ph</reg></choice>alaṁ su<lb n="2v7" break="no"/>gatidurggat<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></l>

<l n="cd">ko nāma svarggam u<choice><orig>cchri</orig><reg>tsṛ</reg></choice>jya narakaṁ pratipadyate<g type="dandaPlain"/></l></lg>

<p>vyāsagītā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>ś cāt<surplus>t</surplus>ra ślokān udāh<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>ranti</p>

<l n="a">Agner apatya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> prathama<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> suvarṇṇaṁ</l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇa<unclear>vī</unclear> <lb n="3r2"/>s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>ryyasutāś ca gāva<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> trayas tena bhavanti lokā</l>

<l n="d">ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca ma<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>h<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ñ ca dadyāT</l></lg>

<l n="ab">ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd">Ā<lb n="3r4" break="no"/>kṣeptā <space type="binding-hole"/>cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT<g type="dandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">bahubhir vvasu<lb n="3r5" break="no"/>dhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sagarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya ta<lb n="3r6" break="no"/>dā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira<surplus>ḥ</surplus></l>

<l n="cd">mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <lb n="3r7"/>śreṣṭha dānāt <choice><orig>s</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>reyo 'nupālana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

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<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°bhoyyā°</rdg>

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<lem>°pittror</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1935-1936_01">°pittror</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°pitror</rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1935-1936_01">cāttra</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">cātra</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">śreyo</rdg>

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<p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the earth.</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-2r2">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Kailāsapura situated in the Taradaṁśaka <foreign>bhoga</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service, to the governor and other local council, headed by the collector and the receiver, to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>, and to the residents <supplied reason="subaudible">of the village</supplied> with their headman:</p>

<p n="2r2-2v1">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to a community of monks of the four quarters who reside at a small monastery that was constructed in the Taradaṁśaka <foreign>bhoga</foreign> by Alakā, the wife of Koradeva. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">took place</supplied> on the occasion of a solar eclipse in the night of the new moon in the month of Āṣāḍha <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> was requested by <supplied reason="subaudible">our</supplied> maternal uncle, the illustrious Bhāskaravarman. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant</supplied> comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.</p>

<p n="2v1-2v3">Therefore, you should render the proper prescribed <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings, produce, and the like, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>

<p n="2v4-2v6" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>

<p n="2v6-2v7" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>

<p n="2v7-3r1">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="3r1-3r3" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>

<p n="3r3-3r4" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r4-3r6" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r6-3r7" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p></div></div>

<p>The charter is undated, but was issued on the same occasion as <ref target="DHARMA_INSDk00031.xml">Dk00031</ref>; the solar eclipse of the month of Āṣāḍha in the sixth regnal year of Śivagupta.</p>

<p>The copperplates are all inscribed with seven lines of text, that is to say, the verso side of the first plate, both sides of the second plate, and the recto side of the third plate. The seventh line on the recto side of the third plate is used only half, which means that there was enough space to inscribe a final phrase, specifying the king’s regnal year in which the grant was made and, perhaps, mentioning the name of the scribe, on the remainder of this line or the verso side of the copperplate. It is unclear whether this was forgotten, or omitted for some other reason.</p></div>

<p>First edited by Mirashi and Pandeya <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1935-1936_01"/></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>134-137</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates.</p>

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