Baigram Charter of the Time of Kumāragupta I
Version: (914ca07), last modified (914ca07).
Edition
⟨Page 1r⟩
⟨1⟩ svasti⟨.⟩ pañcanagaryyā bhaṭṭāraka-pādānuddhyātaḥ kumārāmātya-kulavr̥ddhir etad-viṣayādhikaraṇañ ca-
⟨2⟩ vāyigrāmika-trivr̥t¿a?-śrīgohālyoḥ brāhmaṇottarān samvyavahāri-pramukhān grāma-kuṭumbinaḥ kuśalam anu-
⟨3⟩ varṇya bodhayanti⟨.⟩ ¿vijñāpayator atraiva?-vāstavya-kuṭumbi-bhoyila-bhāskarāv⟨.⟩ āvayoḥ pitrā śivanandi-
⟨4⟩ nā kāritaka-bhagavato govindasvāminaḥ deva-kulas tad asāv alpa-vr̥ttikaḥ⟨.⟩ Iha viṣaye samudaya-
⟨5⟩ -bāhyādy-astamba-khila-kṣ¿a?ttr¿a?ṇām akiñcit-pratikarāṇāṁ śaśvad ācandrārkka-tāraka-bhojyānā¿ṁm? akṣaya-nīvyā
⟨6⟩ dvi-dīnārikkya-kulya-vāpa-vikkrayo nuvr̥ttas⟨.⟩ tad arhathāvayos sakāśāt ṣ¿ī?ḍ dīnārān aṣṭa ca rūpakān āyī-
⟨7⟩ kr̥tya bhagavato govindasvāmino deva-kule khaṇḍa-phuṭṭa-pratisaṁsk¿a?ra-karaṇāya ⊔ gandha-dhūpa-dīpa-
⟨8⟩ -sumanasā⟨ṁ⟩ pravarttanāya ca trivr̥tāyām bhogilasya khila-kṣettra-kulya-vāpa-trayaṁ ⊔ śrīgohālyā¿(ś)? api
⟨9⟩ tala-vāṭakār(t)tha⟨ṁ⟩ sthala-vāstuno droṇa-vāpa(m) ekaṁ _ bhāskarasyāpi sthala-vāstuno droṇa-vāpañ ca dātu-
⟨10⟩ m iti⟨.⟩_ yato yuṣmān bodhayāma⟨ḥ⟩⟨.⟩_ pustapāla-durgādattārkkadāsayor avadhāraṇayā Avadhr̥ta-
⟨11⟩ m astīha viṣay(e) samudaya-bāhyādy-astamba-khila-kṣettrāṇā⟨ṁ⟩ śaśvad ācandrārkka-tāraka-bhojyānāṁ dvi-dī-
⟨12⟩ nārikya-kulya-vāpa-vikkrayo nuvr̥ttaḥ⟨.⟩ Evaṁ-vidhāpratikara-khila-kṣettra-vikkraye ca na kaścid rājārttha-
⟨13⟩ virodha Upacaya Eva bhaṭṭāraka-pādānāṁ dharmma-phala-ṣaḍ-bhāgāvāptiś ca⟨.⟩ tad dīyatām iti Etayoḥ
⟨14⟩ bhoyila-bhāskarayos sakā⟨śā⟩t ṣaḍ dīnārān aṣṭa ca rūpakān āyīkr̥tya bhagavato govindasvāmino
⟨15⟩ deva-kulasyārtthe bhoyilasya trivr̥tāyāṁ _ khila-kṣettra-kulya-vāpa-trayaṁ tala-vāṭakādy-artthaM
⟨Page 1v⟩
⟨16⟩ śrīgohālyā⟨ṁ⟩ sthala-vāstuno droṇa-vāpaṁ bhāskarasyāpy atr¿ī?va sthal¿i?-v¿a?stuno droṇa-vāpa-
⟨17⟩ m eva⟨ṁ⟩ kulya-vāpa-trayaṁ sthala-droṇa-vāpa-dvayañ ca _ Akṣaya-¿nīvyās? tāmra-paṭṭena dattaM⟨.⟩ ninna
⟨18⟩ ku 3 sthala-dro 2 te yūyaṁ sva-karṣaṇāvirodhi-sthāne darvvīkarmma-hastenāṣṭaka-navaka-naḷābhyā-
⟨19⟩ m apaviñcchya ⊔ cira-kāla-sthāyi-tuṣāṅgār-ādinā cihnaiś cāturddiśo niyamya dāsyathākṣaya-
⟨20⟩ -nīvī-dharmme¿n?a ca śaśvat-kālam anupālayiṣyatha varttamāna-bhaviṣyaiś ca saṁvyavahāryy-ādibhir eta-
⟨21⟩ d dharmmāpekṣayānupālayitavyam iti⟨.⟩ _ Uktañ ca bhagava⟨tā⟩ veda-vyāsa-mahātmanā⟨.⟩_ sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ
⟨22⟩ v{v}ā yo hareta vasundharāṁ(|) sa viṣṭhāyāṁ k¿ri?mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhis saha pacyate_ ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-saha-
⟨23⟩ srāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ_ Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT pūrvva-
⟨24⟩ -dattāṁ dvijātibhy¿ā? yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira_ mahī⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?matāṁ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo nupāla-
⟨25⟩ nam iti⟨.⟩ saṁ 100 20 8 māgha di 10 9
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<p><pb n="1r"/><lb n="1"/>svasti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> pañcanagaryyā bhaṭṭāraka-pādānuddhyātaḥ kumārāmātya-kulavr̥ddhir etad-viṣayādhikaraṇañ ca<!--
Edition based on Basak (B), Sircar (SI) and Agrawala, revised on the basis of the photo at http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/nat_del-66-1-551, in which many details are much clearer than in the early rubbings.
--><!--
L1. Agrawala prints °dhyātaḥ, a typo; B correctly has °ddhyātaḥ.
--><lb n="2" break="no"/>vāyigrāmika-trivr̥t<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>-śrīgohālyoḥ brāhmaṇottarān samvyavahāri-pramukhān grāma-kuṭumbinaḥ kuśalam anu<lb n="3" break="no"/>varṇya bodhayanti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> <choice><sic>vijñāpayator atraiva</sic><corr>vijñāpayato 'traiva</corr></choice>-vāstavya-kuṭumbi-bhoyila-bhāskarāv<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> āvayoḥ pitrā śivanandi<lb n="4" break="no"/>nā kāritaka-bhagavato govindasvāminaḥ deva-kulas tad asāv alpa-vr̥ttikaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Iha viṣaye samudaya<!--
Not sure about kāritaka. B and Agrawala print the ta as unclear and the ka as clear (Agrawala then emends to kāritakaḥ). Both are quite indistinct in my facsimiles, but other solutions seem equally plausible: 1. read kāritaḥ, with a scratch on the plate between the dots of the visarga; 2. read kārito, followed by a malformed character; 3. combine these two and assume first-hand correction from kāritaḥ to kārito: the indistinctness of the o mātrā of the t would then be explained by its being a later addition, and the scratch across the visarga could be a deletion mark. Note though that -svāminaḥ devakulas is not corrected later on in the same line.
--><!--
B and Agrawala both correct devakulas to devakulam and all adjectives and the pronoun to neuter. This seems like over-correction to me.
--><lb n="5" break="no"/>-bāhyādy-astamba-khila-kṣ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>ttr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ṇām akiñcit-pratikarāṇāṁ śaśvad ācandrārkka-tāraka-bhojyānā<sic>ṁm</sic> akṣaya-nīvyā<!--
L5. SI says ādyastamba means "covered with original shrub, i.e. fallow". I don't find this very convincing and I'm inclined to think astamba means not planted with grain, or perhaps without grass (for grazing), but the whole expression seems rather uncertain; in my interpretation, the ādi is a bit unexpected.
--><!--
L5. B and SI both read kṣettrāṇām, but I see no trace of e and ā mātrā in the very clear photograph.
--><!--
L5. The anusvāra in bhojyānāṁm may have been deleted.
--><lb n="6"/>dvi-dīnārikkya-kulya-vāpa-vikkrayo nuvr̥ttas<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> tad arhathāvayos sakāśāt ṣ<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>ḍ dīnārān aṣṭa ca rūpakān āyī<!--
L6. B and SI read ṣaḍ; the plate clearly has ṣīḍ. Must be a sort of eyeskip with ḍdī.
--><lb n="7" break="no"/>kr̥tya bhagavato govindasvāmino deva-kule khaṇḍa-phuṭṭa-pratisaṁsk<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ra-karaṇāya <space type="descender"/> gandha-dhūpa-dīpa<!--
L7. The word phuṭṭa seems to be a Prakritism for sphuṭita (Basak). See also the same word in IN00056 and IN00062.
--><lb n="8" break="no"/>-sumanasā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> pravarttanāya ca trivr̥tāyām bhogilasya khila-kṣettra-kulya-vāpa-trayaṁ <space type="descender"/> śrīgohālyā<choice><sic><unclear>ś</unclear></sic><corr>m</corr></choice> api<!--
L8. The spelling of the name is bhogila here, but bhoyila in lines 3 and 14.
--><!--
L8. B and SI read °gohālyāścāpi, emending to gohālyāñ cāpi. But the photo shows the character clearly: there is neither a subscript v, nor an ā mātrā here, only a śa, with the top stroke extended on the left toward the ā of lyā. This may have been meant as correction from śa to ma, transforming the top stroke into a headmark. The right descender does not seem to have been deleted or corrected.
--><lb n="9"/>tala-vāṭakār<unclear>t</unclear>tha<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sthala-vāstuno droṇa-vāpa<unclear>m</unclear> ekaṁ <space/> bhāskarasyāpi sthala-vāstuno droṇa-vāpañ ca dātu<!--
L9. The t of rttha (read as rtha by B and SI) is malformed, missing the side stroke. Still, the long stem was definitely meant to be t, and th is subscript.
--><!--
L9. me is also malformed, with a body shaped much like p, but a headmark on the right vertical.
--><lb n="10" break="no"/>m iti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied><space/>
</p>
<p>yato yuṣmān bodhayāma<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied><space/> pustapāla-durgādattārkkadāsayor avadhāraṇayā Avadhr̥ta<lb n="11" break="no"/>m astīha viṣay<unclear>e</unclear> samudaya-bāhyādy-astamba-khila-kṣettrāṇā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śaśvad ācandrārkka-tāraka-bhojyānāṁ dvi-dī<lb n="12" break="no"/>nārikya-kulya-vāpa-vikkrayo nuvr̥ttaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Evaṁ-vidhāpratikara-khila-kṣettra-vikkraye ca na kaścid rājārttha-
<lb n="13"/>virodha Upacaya Eva bhaṭṭāraka-pādānāṁ dharmma-phala-ṣaḍ-bhāgāvāptiś ca<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> tad dīyatām iti Etayoḥ <lb n="14"/>bhoyila-bhāskarayos sakā<supplied reason="omitted">śā</supplied>t ṣaḍ dīnārān aṣṭa ca rūpakān āyīkr̥tya bhagavato govindasvāmino
<lb n="15"/>deva-kulasyārtthe bhoyilasya trivr̥tāyāṁ <space/> khila-kṣettra-kulya-vāpa-trayaṁ tala-vāṭakādy-artthaM<!--
L15. The halanta M (obscured by a logo in the photo but clear in the rubbing) is a peculiar cursive form, looking like a la without a headmark. See also note to l17.
--><pb n="1v"/><lb n="16"/>śrīgohālyā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sthala-vāstuno droṇa-vāpaṁ bhāskarasyāpy atr<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>va sthal<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>-v<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>stuno droṇa-vāpa<!--
L16. B, SI: atraiva; sthale
--><!--
On the facsimile, the text °syāpyatraivasthaleva° seems to be a different hand: the lines are thinner, and the characters are more widely spaced. Note also that this bit contains two spelling mistakes. Is this ancient correction/forgery/filling up of a space left empty? It could be just a random difference in spacing and state of preservation.
--><lb n="17" break="no"/>m</p>
<p>eva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> kulya-vāpa-trayaṁ sthala-droṇa-vāpa-dvayañ ca <space/> Akṣaya-<choice><sic>nīvyās</sic><corr>nīvyā</corr></choice> tāmra-paṭṭena dattaM<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> ninna<!--
L17. The halanta M has the same strange form as in l15 above.
--><!--
L17. B, SI note that that ninna is either a Prakritism (compare phuṭṭa in l7 above) or a spelling mistake for nimna, perhaps meaning low-lying land as opposed to sthala.
--><lb n="18"/>ku <num value="3">3</num> sthala-dro <num value="2">2</num>
</p>
<p>te yūyaṁ sva-karṣaṇāvirodhi-sthāne darvvīkarmma-hastenāṣṭaka-navaka-naḷābhyā<!--
Basak notes that instead of te yūyaṁ the Paharpur plate (%IN00065) has tad yūyaṁ, which he deems better.
--><lb n="19" break="no"/>m apaviñcchya <space type="descender"/> cira-kāla-sthāyi-tuṣāṅgār-ādinā cihnaiś cāturddiśo niyamya dāsyathākṣaya<!--
L19. Basak and Agrawala correct ādinā to ādīnāṁ, but a genitive would look strange to me; I'd expect ādibhiś and assume the single instrumental is a mistake for that. Cf. also l14 of the Nandapur plate (%IN00133), where °ādi is compounded to cihnaiś.
--><lb n="20" break="no"/>-nīvī-dharmme<choice><sic>n</sic><corr>ṇ</corr></choice>a ca śaśvat-kālam anupālayiṣyatha varttamāna-bhaviṣyaiś ca saṁvyavahāryy-ādibhir eta<lb n="21" break="no"/>d dharmmāpekṣayānupālayitavyam iti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> <space/> Uktañ ca bhagava<supplied reason="omitted">tā</supplied> veda-vyāsa-mahātmanā<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied><space/><!--
Basak corrects bhagava to bhagavad (in comp with vedavyāsa). I follow Agrawala (Sircar?) and emend to bhagavatā, which seems more in line with other versions of this phrase.
--></p>
<lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a">sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ <lb n="22"/>v<surplus>v</surplus>ā</l>
<l n="b">yo hareta vasundharāṁ<unclear>|</unclear><!--
L22. The punctuation character (if it is one) is a curved line slanting from top left to bottom right and bulging to top right. Its top is at the bottom of the ā mātrā; its bottom is a bit above the bottom of the r's descender. There is no punctuation in the subsequent verses. Still, this doesn't seem to be a halanta M.
--></l>
<l n="c">sa viṣṭhāyāṁ k<sic>ri</sic>mir bhūtvā</l>
<l n="d">pitr̥bhis saha pacyate<space/></l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a">ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-saha<lb n="23" break="no"/>srāṇi</l>
<l n="b">svargge modati bhūmidaḥ<space/></l>
<l n="c">Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca</l>
<l n="d">tāny eva narake vaseT<!--
L23. The halanta T is a cursive subscript character resembling a ga.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="3" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a">pūrvva<lb n="24" break="no"/>-dattāṁ dvijātibhy<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>o</corr></choice></l>
<l n="b">yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira<space/></l>
<l n="c">mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<sic>i</sic>matāṁ śreṣṭha</l>
<l n="d">dānāc chreyo nupāla<lb n="25" break="no"/>nam</l>
</lg>
<p>iti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> saṁ <num value="128"><g type="numeral">100</g> <g type="numeral">20</g> 8</num> māgha di <num value="19"><g type="numeral">10</g> 9</num>
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