Majhgawam Charter of Hastin, year 191

Author of digital edition: Dániel Balogh (daba).

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Southern Brāhmī (other) (brāhmī_southern_other)].

Repository: SIDDHAM (siddham).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSiddham00079.

File path: XML-Provisional/DHARMA_INSSiddham00079.xml.

Version: 2026-09-11 17:29 (970bed3), last modified 2026-09-11 17:29 (970bed3).

Edition

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⟨1⟩ śrī¿r?-mmahārāja-hastinaḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1v⟩
⟨1⟩ namo mahādevāya|| svasty⟨.⟩ eka-navaty-uttare bda-◯śate gupta-nr̥pa-rājya-bhuktau śrīmati pravarddhamāna-
⟨2⟩ -mahā-caittra-sa¿mb?atsare māgha-māsa-bahula-pa◯kṣa-tr̥tīyāyām⟨.⟩ Asyā(ṁ) sa¿mb?atsara-māsa-divasa-pūrvvā-
⟨3⟩ yāṁ nr̥pati-parivrājaka-kulotpannena mahārāja-devāḍhya-pranaptrā mahārāja-śrī-prabhaṁjana-naptrā mahā-
⟨4⟩ rāja-śrī-dāmodara-sutena go-sahasra-hasty-aśva-hiraṇyāneka-bhūmi-pradena guru-pitr̥-mātr̥-pūjā-
⟨5⟩ -tatpareṇātyanta-deva-vrāhmaṇa-bhaktenāneka-samara-śata-vijayinā sva-vaṁśāmoda-kareṇa mahā-
⟨6⟩ rāja-śrī-hastinā mahādevi-devasukha-vijñaptyā vālugartto nāma grāmaḥ pūrvvāghāṭa-pariccheda-ma-
⟨7⟩ ryādayā sodraṅgaḥ soparikaro ⟨’⟩c¿a?ṭa-bhaṭa-prāveśyaḥ mātā-pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye mahāde-
⟨8⟩ vi-devasukhāṁ ca svargga-sopāna-paṅktim āropayatā Aupamanyava-sagotrebhyaś chandoga-kauthuma-
⟨9⟩ -sabrahmacāribhyo ¿mibhya? brāhmaṇebhyaḥ⟨.⟩ govindasvāmi| gomikasvāmi _ devasvāmibhyaḥ putra-pau-
⟨10⟩ trānvayopabhogyas tāmra-śāsanenāgrahāro tisr̥ṣṭaḥ caura-varjjaM tad asmat-kulotthair mmat-pāda-
⟨11⟩ -piṇḍopajīvibhir vvā kālāntareṣv api na vyāghātaḥ karaṇīyaḥ⟨.⟩ Evam ¿ājñāpte? yo nyathā
⟨22⟩ kuryāt tam ahaṁ dehāntara-gato pi mahatāvaddhyānena nirddaheyam⟨.⟩ uktaṁ ca bhagavatā parama-

⟨Page 2r⟩
⟨13⟩ [r]ṣ[i]ṇā veda-vyāsena vyāsena|| pūrvva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira mahī⟨ṁ⟩
⟨14⟩ mahimatāṁ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo nupālanaṁ| vahubhir vvasudhā bhuktā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ ya-
⟨15⟩ sya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasr(ā)ṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ
⟨16⟩ Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT sva-dattāṁ para-dattām ¿b?ā yo hareta vasundharāM
⟨17⟩ sa viṣṭhāyāṁ ¿kkri?mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha majjate apānīyeṣv araṇyeṣu śuṣka-koṭara-vāsinaḥ
⟨18⟩ kr̥ṣnāhayo bhijāyante pūrvva-dāyaṁ haranti ye|| likhitañ ca vakkrāmātya-pranaptr̥-naptrā
⟨19⟩ bhogika-naradatta-pranaptrā ravidatta-naptrā sūryadatta-puttreṇa mahā- sāndhiviggrahika-
⟨20⟩ -vibhudatteneti⟨.⟩ mahāvalādhikr̥ta-nāgasi¿ṅ?ho dūtakaḥ sambat 100 90 1
⟨21⟩ māgha di 3

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⟨1⟩ śrī¿r?-mmahārāja-hastinaḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ namo mahādevāya|| svasty⟨.⟩ eka-navaty-uttare bda-◯śate gupta-nr̥pa-rājya-bhuktau śrīmati pravarddhamāna⟨2⟩-mahā-caittra-sa¿mb?atsare māgha-māsa-bahula-pa◯kṣa-tr̥tīyāyām⟨.⟩ Asyā(ṁ) sa¿mb?atsara-māsa-divasa-pūrvvā⟨3⟩yāṁ nr̥pati-parivrājaka-kulotpannena mahārāja-devāḍhya-pranaptrā mahārāja-śrī-prabhaṁjana-naptrā mahā⟨4⟩rāja-śrī-dāmodara-sutena go-sahasra-hasty-aśva-hiraṇyāneka-bhūmi-pradena guru-pitr̥-mātr̥-pūjā⟨5⟩-tatpareṇātyanta-deva-vrāhmaṇa-bhaktenāneka-samara-śata-vijayinā sva-vaṁśāmoda-kareṇa mahā⟨6⟩rāja-śrī-hastinā mahādevi-devasukha-vijñaptyā vālugartto nāma grāmaḥ pūrvvāghāṭa-pariccheda-ma⟨7⟩ryādayā sodraṅgaḥ soparikaro ⟨’⟩c⟨ā⟩ṭa-bhaṭa-prāveśyaḥ mātā-pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye mahāde⟨8⟩vi-devasukhāṁ ca svargga-sopāna-paṅktim āropayatā Aupamanyava-sagotrebhyaś chandoga-kauthuma⟨9⟩-sabrahmacāribhyo ⟨’mībhyo⟩ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ⟨.⟩ govindasvāmi| gomikasvāmi _ devasvāmibhyaḥ putra-pau⟨10⟩trānvayopabhogyas tāmra-śāsanenāgrahāro tisr̥ṣṭaḥ caura-varjjaM

tad asmat-kulotthair mmat-pāda⟨11⟩-piṇḍopajīvibhir vvā kālāntareṣv api na vyāghātaḥ karaṇīyaḥ⟨.⟩ Evam ⟨ājñapte⟩ yo nyathā ⟨22⟩ kuryāt tam ahaṁ dehāntara-gato pi mahatāvaddhyānena nirddaheyam⟨.⟩ uktaṁ ca bhagavatā parama⟨Page 2r⟩⟨13⟩[r]ṣ[i]ṇā veda-vyāsena vyāsena||

1. Anuṣṭubh

pūrvva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo

yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨14⟩ mahimatāṁ śreṣṭha

dānāc chreyo nupālanaṁ|

2. Anuṣṭubh

vahubhir vvasudhā bhuktā

rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ

ya⟨15⟩sya yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

3. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasr(ā)ṇi

svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

⟨16⟩ Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca

tāny eva narake vaseT

4. Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattām ¿b?ā

yo hareta vasundharāM

⟨17⟩ sa viṣṭhāyāṁ ¿kkri?mir bhūtvā

pitr̥bhiḥ saha majjate

5. Anuṣṭubh

apānīyeṣv araṇyeṣu

śuṣka-koṭara-vāsinaḥ

⟨18⟩ kr̥ṣnāhayo bhijāyante

pūrvva-dāyaṁ haranti ye||

likhitañ ca vakkrāmātya-pranaptr̥-naptrā ⟨19⟩ bhogika-naradatta-pranaptrā ravidatta-naptrā sūryadatta-puttreṇa mahā- sāndhiviggrahika⟨20⟩-vibhudatteneti⟨.⟩ mahāvalādhikr̥ta-nāgasi¿ṅ?ho dūtakaḥ

sambat 100 90 1 ⟨21⟩ māgha di 3

Seal

⟨1⟩ śrī¿r?-mmahārāja-hastinaḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ namo mahādevāya|| svasty⟨.⟩ eka-navaty-uttare bda-◯śate gupta-nr̥pa-rājya-bhuktau śrīmati pravarddhamāna⟨2⟩-mahā-caittra-sa¿mb?atsare māgha-māsa-bahula-pa◯kṣa-tr̥tīyāyām⟨.⟩ Asyā(ṁ) sa¿mb?atsara-māsa-divasa-pūrvvā⟨3⟩yāṁ nr̥pati-parivrājaka-kulotpannena mahārāja-devāḍhya-pranaptrā mahārāja-śrī-prabhaṁjana-naptrā mahā⟨4⟩rāja-śrī-dāmodara-sutena go-sahasra-hasty-aśva-hiraṇyāneka-bhūmi-pradena guru-pitr̥-mātr̥-pūjā⟨5⟩-tatpareṇātyanta-deva-vrāhmaṇa-bhaktenāneka-samara-śata-vijayinā sva-vaṁśāmoda-kareṇa mahā⟨6⟩rāja-śrī-hastinā mahādevi-devasukha-vijñaptyā vālugartto nāma grāmaḥ pūrvvāghāṭa-pariccheda-ma⟨7⟩ryādayā sodraṅgaḥ soparikaro ⟨’⟩c¿a?⟨ā⟩ṭa-bhaṭa-prāveśyaḥ mātā-pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye mahāde⟨8⟩vi-devasukhāṁ ca svargga-sopāna-paṅktim āropayatā Aupamanyava-sagotrebhyaś chandoga-kauthuma⟨9⟩-sabrahmacāribhyo ¿mibhya?⟨’mībhyo⟩ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ⟨.⟩ govindasvāmi| gomikasvāmi _ devasvāmibhyaḥ putra-pau⟨10⟩trānvayopabhogyas tāmra-śāsanenāgrahāro tisr̥ṣṭaḥ caura-varjjaM

tad asmat-kulotthair mmat-pāda⟨11⟩-piṇḍopajīvibhir vvā kālāntareṣv api na vyāghātaḥ karaṇīyaḥ⟨.⟩ Evam ¿ājñāpte?⟨ājñapte⟩ yo nyathā ⟨22⟩ kuryāt tam ahaṁ dehāntara-gato pi mahatāvaddhyānena nirddaheyam⟨.⟩ uktaṁ ca bhagavatā parama⟨Page 2r⟩⟨13⟩[r]ṣ[i]ṇā veda-vyāsena vyāsena||

1. Anuṣṭubh

pūrvva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo

yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨14⟩ mahimatāṁ śreṣṭha

dānāc chreyo nupālanaṁ|

2. Anuṣṭubh

vahubhir vvasudhā bhuktā

rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ

ya⟨15⟩sya yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

3. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasr(ā)ṇi

svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

⟨16⟩ Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca

tāny eva narake vaseT

4. Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattām ¿b?ā

yo hareta vasundharāM

⟨17⟩ sa viṣṭhāyāṁ ¿kkri?mir bhūtvā

pitr̥bhiḥ saha majjate

5. Anuṣṭubh

apānīyeṣv araṇyeṣu

śuṣka-koṭara-vāsinaḥ

⟨18⟩ kr̥ṣnāhayo bhijāyante

pūrvva-dāyaṁ haranti ye||

sambat 100 90 1 ⟨21⟩ māgha di 3

Bibliography

First reported in Cunningham 1879, p. 7 and translated ibid. P. 13-14 (No. 5), with eye copy of the passage containing the date (plate IV/3). First edited (from the original) in Fleet 1888. Summarised in Trivedi & Trivedi 2001, pp. 44–45 (No. 4).

Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh. Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.

Secondary

Fleet, John Faithfull. 1888. Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings and their successors. First edition. Vol. 3. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. Item 23.

Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna. 1927–1936. A list of the inscriptions of northern India in Brahmi and its derivative scripts, from about 200 A. C.: Appendix to Epigraphia Indica and record of the Archaeological Survey of India, volumes XIX to XXIII. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India. [URL]. Item 1291.

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<title>Majhgawam Charter of Hastin, year 191</title>

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<ab><lb n="1"/>śrī<sic>r</sic>-mmahārāja-hastinaḥ

</ab>

</div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><!--

This is not explicitly stated anywhere I've read, but I assume that these double plates, each inscribed on one face only, use 1verso and 2 recto, with the blank side of each plate facing outward.

--><lb n="1"/>namo mahādevāya|| svasty<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> eka-navaty-uttare bda-<space type="binding-hole"/>śate gupta-nr̥pa-rājya-bhuktau śrīmati pravarddhamāna<!--

The punctuation sign is a double vertical, a regular pair of daṇḍas, unlike IN00078.

--><lb n="2" break="no"/>-mahā-caittra-sa<sic>mb</sic>atsare māgha-māsa-bahula-pa<space type="binding-hole"/>kṣa-tr̥tīyāyām<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Asyā<unclear>ṁ</unclear> sa<sic>mb</sic>atsara-māsa-divasa-pūrvvā<lb n="3" break="no"/>yāṁ nr̥pati-parivrājaka-kulotpannena mahārāja-devāḍhya-pranaptrā mahārāja-śrī-prabhaṁjana-naptrā mahā<lb n="4" break="no"/>rāja-śrī-dāmodara-sutena go-sahasra-hasty-aśva-hiraṇyāneka-bhūmi-pradena guru-pitr̥-mātr̥-pūjā<lb n="5" break="no"/>-tatpareṇātyanta-deva-vrāhmaṇa-bhaktenāneka-samara-śata-vijayinā sva-vaṁśāmoda-kareṇa mahā<lb n="6" break="no"/>rāja-śrī-hastinā mahādevi-devasukha-vijñaptyā vālugartto nāma grāmaḥ pūrvvāghāṭa-pariccheda-ma<!--

Fleet treats Mahādevideva as a name and translates "at the agreeable request of Mahâdêvidêva". But compare l8, for which Fleet translates "in order to erect the steps of a ladder leading to heaven, acceptable to Mahâdêvidêva," ignoring both the feminine and the fact that āropayati doesn't really mean "erect". It seems certain to me that we are dealing with a queen named Devasukhā here (rather than "a certain person named Mahâdêvidêva" [Fleet_1888:107]), and the composer of the charter felt that the proper forms in compound were °devi and °sukha. Finally, compare the almost identical phrasing in IN00081, l12, which Fleet himself translates as I would expect.

--><lb n="7" break="no"/>ryādayā sodraṅgaḥ soparikaro <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>c<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ṭa-bhaṭa-prāveśyaḥ mātā-pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye mahāde<lb n="8" break="no"/>vi-devasukhāṁ ca svargga-sopāna-paṅktim āropayatā Aupamanyava-sagotrebhyaś chandoga-kauthuma<lb n="9" break="no"/>-sabrahmacāribhyo <choice><sic>mibhya</sic><corr>'mībhyo</corr></choice> brāhmaṇebhyaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> govindasvāmi| gomikasvāmi <space/> devasvāmibhyaḥ putra-pau<!--

The punctuation character after govindasvāmi is a single horizontal dash, as are others in this inscription transcribed as single daṇḍas. Fleet prints gomikasvāmi as in cpd to devasvāmi and emends to add govindasvāmi to the beginning of this cpd, which is of course grammatically fine, but evidently the composer treated compounds more loosely, and there is a distinct space after gomikasvāmi, which must have been intended, just like the dash after the first name, to clearly demarcate the items in the list.

--><lb n="10" break="no"/>trānvayopabhogyas tāmra-śāsanenāgrahāro tisr̥ṣṭaḥ caura-varjjaM<!--

For cora-varjjam (also sic in l13 of IN00077) compare cora-daṇḍa-varjjam in l14 of the Khoh Plate of Jayanātha GE 177, so this means in pursuit of thieves.

--><!--

The halanta m is slightly reduced in size and simplified, and has a horizontal stroke above it.

--></p>

<p>tad asmat-kulotthair mmat-pāda<lb n="11" break="no"/>-piṇḍopajīvibhir vvā kālāntareṣv api na vyāghātaḥ karaṇīyaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Evam <choice><sic>ājñāpte</sic><corr>ājñapte</corr></choice> yo nyathā <lb n="22"/>kuryāt tam ahaṁ dehāntara-gato pi mahatāvaddhyānena nirddaheyam<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> uktaṁ ca bhagavatā parama<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="13" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">r</supplied>ṣ<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>ṇā veda-vyāsena vyāsena||<!--

The punctuation sign is again a double vertical (as all others transcribed as double daṇḍas).

--></p>

<l n="a">pūrvva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo</l>

<l n="b">yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira</l>

<l n="c">mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <lb n="14"/>mahimatāṁ śreṣṭha</l>

<l n="d">dānāc chreyo nupālanaṁ|</l>

</lg>

<l n="a">vahubhir vvasudhā bhuktā</l>

<l n="b">rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ</l>

<l n="c">ya<lb n="15" break="no"/>sya yasya yadā bhūmis</l>

<l n="d">tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ<!--

There was a dash at the end of the previous verse, but only a bit of space after this one.

--></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasr<unclear>ā</unclear>ṇi</l>

<l n="b">svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="16"/>Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca</l>

<l n="d">tāny eva narake vaseT<!--

Again no punctuation, only a halanta character and a little space.

--><!--

The halanta t seems to be full or almost full size, but with a line above.

--></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">sva-dattāṁ para-dattām <sic>b</sic>ā</l>

<l n="b">yo hareta vasundharāM</l><!--

The halanta m is again simplified but almost full size, with a line above.

-->

<l n="c"><lb n="17"/>sa viṣṭhāyāṁ <sic>kkri</sic>mir bhūtvā</l>

<l n="d">pitr̥bhiḥ saha majjate<!--

No punctuation, only a little space at the end of the verse.

--></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">apānīyeṣv araṇyeṣu</l>

<l n="b">śuṣka-koṭara-vāsinaḥ</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="18"/>kr̥ṣnāhayo bhijāyante</l>

<l n="d">pūrvva-dāyaṁ haranti ye||</l>

</lg>

<p>likhitañ ca vakkrāmātya-pranaptr̥-naptrā<!--

Fleet notes that pranaptr̥-naptrā should be understood as naptr̥-naptrā or pranaptr̥-putreṇa, otherwise there would be a missing generation. This is correct; also compare IN00078/29.

--><lb n="19"/>bhogika-naradatta-pranaptrā ravidatta-naptrā sūryadatta-puttreṇa mahā- sāndhiviggrahika<lb n="20" break="no"/>-vibhudatteneti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> mahāvalādhikr̥ta-nāgasi<sic>ṅ</sic>ho dūtakaḥ</p>

<p>sambat <num value="191"><g type="numeral">100</g> <g type="numeral">90</g> 1</num><lb n="21"/>māgha di <num value="3">3</num></p>

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<p>First reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cunningham1879_01"/><citedRange>7</citedRange></bibl> and translated ibid. P. 13-14 (No. 5), with eye copy of the passage containing the date (plate IV/3). First edited (from the original) in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1888_01"/></bibl>. Summarised in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Trivedi+Trivedi2001_01"/><citedRange>44-45</citedRange></bibl> (No. 4).</p>

<p>Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh. Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.</p>

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