Jabalpur Charter of Hastin, year 170
Editor: Dániel Balogh.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSSiddham00091.
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: Siddham (siddham).
Version: (ddbe066), last modified (13a5ebf).
Edition
Plates
⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ <mangala>namo mahādevāya| svasti⟨.⟩ saptatyuttare bda-śate gupta-nr̥pa⟨2⟩-rājya-bhuktau mahā-jyaiṣṭha-sāmbatsare{|} phālgu¿ṇ?a-māsa-śukla-pakṣa-pañcamyāṁ⟨.⟩ ⟨3⟩ Asyā¿n? divasa-pūrvvāyāṁ nr̥pati-parivrājaka-kulo(t)pannena mahārāja-devāḍhya-prana⟨4⟩pt⟨r⟩ā mahārāja-prabhañjana-naptrā śrī-mahārāja-dāmodara-sutena go-sahasra-ha⟨5⟩sty-aśva-hiraṇyāneka-bhūmi-pradena guru-pitr̥-mātr̥-pūjā-tatpareṇātyanta-deva-brā⟨6⟩hmaṇa-bhaktena naika-samara-śata-vijayinā sva-va¿n?śāmoda-kareṇa śrī-mahārāja⟨7⟩-hastinā sva-puṇyāpyāyanārthaṁ brāhmaṇa-kodravaśarmma-nāgaśarmma| mātr̥datta⟨8⟩-gaṅgābhadrasvāmi| dhanadatta| kapilasvāmi| Agniśarmma| viṣṇudeva| viśākhadeva| ⟨9⟩ gandasvāmi| paritoṣaśarmma(|) kr̥ṣṇasvāmi(|) devaśarmma(|) (ro)haśarmma| devaśarmma| ⟨10⟩ devāḍhya(|) dattaśarmma| manoratha| Agnidatta(| go)śarmma| rudrabhava| dai(ra)⟨11⟩bhaṭṭa| (yo)na| viṣṇ(u)svāmi(| punar api) viṣṇudeva| (svā)ti| gaṅgaghoṣādyā(nāṁ?) (ma)dhū(k)a⟨12⟩ga(rtti)kā bhaga(vadvāsa)pal(l)ika-v(ā)ṭikāpallika-sa(ma)vetāgrāhāro ti(sr̥)ṣṭa(ḥ) s(o)d(ra)⟨13⟩ṅgaḥ sopari(kara)ḥ A-cāṭa-bhaṭa-prāveśyaś corava(r)j(jaṁ) sa-madhūka(ḥ?)
yat(rāghāṭā?)⟨ḥ⟩⟨Page 2r⟩ ⟨14⟩ paśc[i]ma-dakṣi[ṇe]na madhūka-garttikā-sihanakaḥ⟨.⟩ Uttareṇa śallakī-mā(laḥ)⟨.⟩ ⟨15⟩ pūrvveṇa vaṭāb(āhi)kā|| kinnāṭa-dehikau ca⟨.⟩ dakṣiṇa-pūrvveṇa Āmra-gartta-madhūka-ga ⟨16⟩ (rttikā) saṁga(mam)⟨.⟩ (i)ty evaṁ na kenacid asmat-kulotthena mat-pāda-piṇḍopajīvinā vā ⟨17⟩ kālāntareṣv api vyāghāto na kāryyaḥ⟨.⟩ Evam ā(jña)pte yo nyathā kuryyāT tam ahaṁ de⟨18⟩hāntara-gato pi mahatāvaddhyānena nirddaheyaṁ⟨.⟩ Uktaṁ ca bhagavatā paramarṣiṇā veda⟨19⟩-vyāsena vyāsena
I. Anuṣṭubh
pūrvva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo
ayatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira
bmah¿i?m mahimatāṁ ⟨20⟩ śreṣṭha
cdānāc chreyo n¿a?⟨u⟩pālanaṁ
dII. Anuṣṭubh
bahubhir vasudhā bhuktā
arājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ
bya⟨21⟩sya yasya yadā bhūmis
ctasya tasya tadā phalaṁ
dIII. Anuṣṭubh
Āsphoṭayanti pitaraḥ
aprava¿rgga?⟨lga⟩⟨22⟩nti pitāmahāḥ
bbhūmidātā kule jātaḥ
csa nas trāt¿a?⟨ā⟩ bhaviṣyat¿i?⟨ī⟩ti||
dlikhitaṁ ⟨23⟩ vakkrāmātya-pra¿ṇ?aptrā bhogika-naradatta-naptrā bhogika-ravidatta-puttreṇa⟨24⟩mahā-sāndhivigrahika-sūryyadattena|| dūtako nāgasiṁhaḥ
Seal impression
śrī-hast(i)-rājña(ḥ)
Apparatus
Translation by Doe and Devadatta N.d.
Bibliography
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<div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
<p><pb n="1v"/><!--
This is not explicitly stated anywhere I've read, but I assume that these double plates, each inscribed on one face only, use 1verso and 2 recto, with the blank side of each plate facing outward.
--><lb n="1"/><g type="mangala"/>namo mahādevāya| svasti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> sa<space type="binding-hole"/>ptatyuttare bda-śate gupta-nr̥pa<!--
The mangala symbol (transcribed by Pandey as Oṁ) looks like a question mark without a dot. There were no mangala symbols in other Hastin charters - but maybe check back to see if there are traces?
--><!--
The punctuation symbol is a single horizontal dash.
--><!--
Pandey reads śataika, emending to śataike. The ai mātrā is far from clear and the ka is very faint; I think it may have been deleted by beating or rubbing out, perhaps correcting an initial śataka to śate.
--><lb n="2" break="no"/>-rājya-bhuktau mahā-jyaiṣṭha-sāmbatsare<surplus>|</surplus> phālgu<sic>ṇ</sic>a-māsa-śukla-pakṣa-pañcamyāṁ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied><lb n="3"/>Asyā<sic>n</sic> divasa-pūrvvāyāṁ nr̥pati-parivrājaka-kulo<unclear>t</unclear>pannena mahārāja-devāḍhya-prana<!--
Pandey reads kulopannena correcting to tp. I think the t is probably there, but quite small, a bit damaged, and a bit obscured by the o mātrā in lo.
--><lb n="4" break="no"/>pt<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>ā mahārāja-prabhañjana-naptrā śrī-mahārāja-dāmodara-sutena go-sahasra-ha<lb n="5" break="no"/>sty-aśva-hiraṇyāneka-bhūmi-pradena guru-pitr̥-mātr̥-pūjā-tatpareṇātyanta-deva-brā<lb n="6" break="no"/>hmaṇa-bhaktena naika-samara-śata-vijayinā sva-va<sic>n</sic>śāmoda-kareṇa śrī-mahārāja<lb n="7" break="no"/>-hastinā sva-puṇyāpyāyanārthaṁ brāhmaṇa-kodravaśarmma-nāgaśarmma| mātr̥datta<!--
The list contains separator signs after almost all names. These were completely ignored by Pandey. Here I use a daṇḍa to transcribe them, but most of these are shorter than the punctuation dash in l1, some are just a dot.
--><lb n="8" break="no"/>-gaṅgābhadrasvāmi| dhanadatta| kapilasvāmi| Agniśarmma| viṣṇudeva| viśākhadeva| <lb n="9"/>gandasvāmi| paritoṣaśarmma<unclear>|</unclear> kr̥ṣṇasvāmi<unclear>|</unclear> devaśarmma<unclear>|</unclear> <unclear>ro</unclear>haśarmma| devaśarmma|<!--
The name that Pandey tentatively reads as rohaśarmma looks more like śāhaśarmma to me. Perhaps it could also be gāhaśarmma, as a mistake for guhaśarmma or grahaśarmma?
--><lb n="10"/>devāḍhya<unclear>|</unclear> dattaśarmma| manoratha| Agnidatta<unclear>| go</unclear>śarmma| rudrabhava| dai<unclear>ra</unclear><!--
Pandey takes devāḍhyadattaśarmma as a single name. This goes contrary to my intuition; also, I think there is a punctuation mark after ḍhya.
--><!--
Pandey reads ...tī... śarmma after agnidatta. I'm pretty certain his tī is in fact go; there are two smudged verticals (looking like ra-s) before and after it, which must correspond to Pandey's ...-s, but which may be just scratches or deleted characters since they are spaced much more closely than most of the inscription. Alternatively, I can imagine gauriśarmma or gaurīśarmma.
--><!--
Pandey reads rudradatta for my rudrabhava.
--><!--
Pandey does not report the last two characters of l10, not even as illegible.
--><lb n="11" break="no"/>bhaṭṭa| <unclear>yo</unclear>na| viṣṇ<unclear>u</unclear>svāmi<unclear>| punar api</unclear> viṣṇudeva| <unclear>svā</unclear>ti| gaṅgaghoṣādyā<unclear cert="low">nāṁ</unclear> <unclear>ma</unclear>dhū<unclear>k</unclear>a<!--
Pandey reads the beginning of the line as ...maunaviṣṇusvāmi. The vowel is o, not au; the consonant may be m or y. There is almost certainly a punctuation mark after it.
--><!--
After viṣṇusvāmi, punar api is Pandey's reading. The characters are very badly smudged; the reading is plausible, but I'd expect another name here not such a useless word.
--><!--
The part after svāti is my attempt to make sense of a hard-to-read passage. Pandey takes svātigaṅga as one name (ignoring the punctuation mark), then reads ghoṣādyānamadhūkagavā bhagavaka sapallika vothikāpallikasamatetāgrahārotsr̥ṣṭaḥ. He emends vothikā to vīthikā and samate to sameta and sas the assets of the village granted included ghoṣa, cattle-pound; udyāna, garden; madhūka, mahua trees; palli, hamlets and vīthikā, roads. Pandey's editor (Pandey_1949-50:266n1) proposes to read (from l12) garttikā-bhagavad-visṇu-pallikā-godhikā-pallika-samavetāgrahāro tisr̥ṣṭaḥ (emending to viṣṇu, godhikāpallikā and to samaveto). I think it's acceptable to construe madhūkagarttikā as the feminine subject, then use atisr̥ṣṭaḥ in the masculine because of the proximity of āgrahāro. I also think using pallika (in both instances, not just the second) in compound is acceptable usage to which I think I've seen parallels in other parivrājaka and/or uccakalpa grants (with other feminine nouns). The most problematic of my readings are: 1. °ādyānāṁ, where "nāṁ" actually looks like tta or nta, but we sorely need a genitive or dative at the end of the list of names, so perhaps this was the intended meaning; and 2. the name of the village beginning with bhagava, followed by a ligature that could be just about anything, then s (or m) which may (as Pandey's editor thinks) indeed have another consonant below it, though if there is one, it's more likely t or th than ṇ.
--><lb n="12" break="no"/>ga<unclear>rtti</unclear>kā bhaga<unclear>vadvāsa</unclear>pal<unclear>l</unclear>ika-v<unclear>ā</unclear>ṭikāpallika-sa<unclear>ma</unclear>vetāgrāhāro ti<unclear>sr̥</unclear>ṣṭa<unclear>ḥ</unclear> s<unclear>o</unclear>d<unclear>ra</unclear><lb n="13" break="no"/>ṅgaḥ sopari<unclear>kara</unclear>ḥ A-cāṭa-bhaṭa-prāveśyaś corava<unclear>r</unclear>j<unclear>jaṁ</unclear> sa-madhūka<unclear cert="low">ḥ</unclear><!--
The visarga after samadhūka in fact looks like a smudged r. It may perhaps be a visarga with a punctuation dash between the dots.
--></p>
<p>yat<unclear cert="low">rāghāṭā</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><!--
Yatrāghāṭāḥ is Pandey's editor's reading. It is very unclear, but sounds plausible.
--><pb n="2r"/><lb n="14"/>paśc<supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->i</supplied>ma-dakṣi<supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->ṇe</supplied>na madhūka-garttikā-si<space type="binding-hole"/>hanakaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Uttareṇa śallakī-mā<unclear>laḥ</unclear><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied><!--
Pandey reads siṁhānakaḥ. I see no clear anusvāra and definitely no ā mātrā.
--><lb n="15"/>pūrvveṇa vaṭāb<unclear>āhi</unclear>kā|| kinnāṭa-dehikau ca<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> dakṣiṇa-pūrvveṇa Āmra-gartta-madhūka-ga<!--
The punctuation mark after vaṭabāhikā is a short double horizontal, to my eye wholly identical to the marks in l22 and l24. A puntuation mark doesn't seem to have a real function here and it has been read as a visarga by Pandey, but then again, a visarga doesn't seem proper either. So probably this is meant to be a list separator.
--><lb n="16"/><unclear>rttikā</unclear> saṁga<unclear>mam</unclear><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> <unclear>i</unclear>ty evaṁ na kenacid asmat-kulotthena mat-pāda-piṇḍopajīvinā vā<!--
Pandey reads ca at the end; vā is clear.
--><lb n="17"/>kālāntareṣv api vyāghāto na kāryyaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Evam ā<unclear>jña</unclear>pte yo nyathā kuryyāT tam ahaṁ de<!--
The halanta T is a reduced subscript form, reduced to an indiscernible blotch.
--><lb n="18" break="no"/>hāntara-gato pi mahatāvaddhyānena nirddaheyaṁ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Uktaṁ ca bhagavatā paramarṣiṇā veda<lb n="19" break="no"/>-vyāsena vyāsena</p>
<lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a">pūrvva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo</l>
<l n="b">yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira</l>
<l n="c">mah<sic>i</sic>m mahimatāṁ <lb n="20"/>śreṣṭha</l>
<l n="d">dānāc chreyo n<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>pālanaṁ</l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a">bahubhir vasudhā bhuktā</l>
<l n="b">rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ</l>
<l n="c">ya<lb n="21" break="no"/>sya yasya yadā bhūmis</l>
<l n="d">tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l>
</lg>
<lg n="3" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a">Āsphoṭayanti pitaraḥ</l>
<l n="b">prava<choice><sic>rgga</sic><corr>lga</corr></choice><lb n="22" break="no"/>nti pitāmahāḥ</l>
<l n="c">bhūmidātā kule jātaḥ</l>
<l n="d">sa nas trāt<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice> bhaviṣyat<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ti||<!--
Pandey reads savasnrātaḥ, emending to sarvasnātaḥ. This is clearly wrong; his editor points out the correct reading, sa nas trāta.
--><!--
The punctuation mark is a short double horizontal.
--></l>
</lg>
<p>likhitaṁ <lb n="23"/>vakkrāmātya-pra<sic>ṇ</sic>aptrā bhogika-naradatta-naptrā bhogika-ravidatta-puttreṇa<lb n="24" break="no"/>mahā-sāndhivigrahika-sūryyadattena|| dūtako nāgasiṁhaḥ</p>
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<ab>śrī-hast<unclear>i</unclear>-rājña<unclear>ḥ</unclear><!--
The seal inscription is upside down in relation to the rest of the text. It is at the bottom edge of the plate, about 1/4 of the length of the plate from the left edge. The text is enclosed in an oval, which is stamped on a horizontal line near the bottom margin, extending from near the left edge from near the right edge except where obliterated by the seal. This may be an incised line or perhaps the thickening at the edge of the plate is wider here and has a sharp, stepped edge.
--></ab>
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Commentary