Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai, recapitulative set of copper-plates

Editors: Margherita Trento, Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTiruvavatuturai00001.

Summary: A recapitulative set of copper-plates listing fifteen different grants dated from Śaka year 1360 to Śaka year 1448. The grants are however not ordered chronologically in the set.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai (tfa-tiruvavatuturai-TN-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-12-11 10:40 (0aa5013), last modified 2024-11-01 06:26 (9ab9bf1).

Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448

⟨Page 1r⟩⟨top left: śubham astu⟩⟨left: 1⟩

⟨1r1=1=1⟩ śrī

sakāttam 1000 4 100 4 10 8-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa viya-saṁvat·sarat=tu tu⟨1r2=2=2⟩lā-nā⟨ya⟩ṟṟu pūrvva-pakṣat=tu sukra-vāramum peṟṟa puṇarpūcat=tu nāḷ

miḻa⟨1r3=3=3⟩lai-k-kūṟṟat=tu naṭuviṟ-kūṟṟu ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩iyūr tirupperuntuṟai Āḷuṭaiya ⟨1r4=4=4⟩ parama-svāmiyaḷukku Aṟantāṅki Aracu Ēkapperumāḷ toṇṭai⟨1r5=5=5⟩māṉār poṉṉampala-nāta-toṇṭaimāṉār Ūrkaḷ upakṣaya-dhā⟨1r6=6=6⟩rā-pūrvvam-āka vilaippiṟamāṇam paṇṇik koṭut=ta Ūrkaḷ āvaṉa mi⟨1r7=7=7⟩ḻalaikkūṟṟat=tu mēlkūṟṟattu peruṉāvallūraṟkum yitukku uṭpaṭṭa ⟨1r8=8=8⟩ puravukkum perunāṉk’ ellai Āvaṉa

kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tirupperuntuṟai ⟨1r9=9=9⟩ Ellaikku mēṟkum
teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai paḻantāmarai-k-kuḷat=tukkum vāyit=talaik=ku⟨1r10=10=10⟩m ciṟṟaṭampūr marutaṅkuṭi Ellaikkum vaṭakkum
mēṟ-pā(ṟ)kellai vīramaṅ⟨1r11=11=11⟩kalat=til Ellaikkuk kiḻakku⟨m⟩
vaṭa-pāṟk’ ellai veḷḷāṟṟu teṟkum

Āka y-icai⟨1r12=12=12⟩nta peru-ṉā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩k’ ellaikku Uṭpaṭṭa peruṉāvallūrukkum vaṭa-veḷḷā⟨1r13=13=13⟩ṟṟu-nāṭṭu-p paṉaiṅkaiya-nāṭṭu Araiyar kuḷapaṟṟu vēṅkūr Eḻuvaṉēri peru⟨Page 1v⟩⟨1v1=14=14⟩-ṉānk’ ellaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum y-iṉṉā(ṭṭi)l y-inta paṟṟu śrī-kaṇṭamaṅkalam ca⟨1v2=15=15⟩tu-sīmaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum Āka y-inta Ūrkaḷukku uṇṭā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a sakala-samudāya⟨1v3=16=16⟩prāptikaḷum maṟṟum nāmaṅ koḷum yiṟai yupātikaḷ maṟṟum ⟨⟨E⟩⟩pēṟpa⟨1v4=17=17⟩ṭ=ṭaṉavum sarvvamu⟨m ⟩ sarvvamāṉyamāka Upakṣaya-dhārapūṟuvamāka vilaippiṟama⟨1v5=18=18⟩āṉam paṇṇi vilai niccaitta cakkaram poṉ 3 1000 yippoṉ mūvvāyirat⟨1v6=19=19⟩tukkum U yinta Ūrkaḷ cantiRĀtit(=ta)varai cella dhārāpūrvvamāka koṭuttatōm

⟨1v7=20=20⟩ Āḷuṭaiya para⟨ma⟩svāmikku poṉṉampalat toṇṭaimāṉāRŌm yiṉṉā⟨1v8=21=21⟩ḷil miḻalaikkūṟṟattu paḻantaRĀ⟦p⟧⟨⟨m⟩⟩mai puravu Aṟikil kuṭi nīṅkāt tēvatāṉamāka ca⟨1v9=22=22⟩ntiRĀtityavarai cellak kuṭuttamaikkum cempilum kallilu⟨m⟩ veṭ=ṭikkoḷḷa-⟨1v10=23=23⟩kkē kaṭavaR Ākavum

y-itu satyam(·)(~)

I. Anuṣṭubh

dānapālanayōr maddhyē

dānāt· cchreyo ’nupālanam· |

dānā⟨1v11=24=24⟩t· svargam avāpnōti

pālanād acyutam· padam· ||

II. Anuṣṭubh

svadattāt· dviguṇam · puṇyam ·

paradattānupā⟨⟨la⟩⟩nam· |

⟨1v12=25=25⟩ paradattāpahārēṇa

svadattan niṣphalam · bhavēt·||

III. Anuṣṭubh

svadattām · paradattāṁ vā

yo haret¿i?⟨a⟩ vas¿va?⟨u⟩n⟨1v13=26=26⟩dharām |

ṣaṣṭi{r}-varṣa-sahasrāṇi

viṣṭhāyāñ jāyate kṛmiḥ ||

IV. Anuṣṭubh

Ekaika bhaginī loke

⟨1v14=27=27⟩ sarvveṣām eva bhūbhujāḥ|

nā bhōjyā na k(a)ragrāhyā

vipradattā vasundharāḥ||

V. Anuṣṭubh

sā ⟨1v15=28=28⟩ māṉyo yan dharmma-setu(r) nṛpāṇāṁ

kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavat·bhi⟨ḥ⟩ |

sarvān etā(nn) ⟨Page 2r⟩ ⟨2r1=29=29⟩ bhāvinaḥ pā⟨r⟩tthivendr¿a?⟨ā⟩n·

bhūyo bhūyo yācate rām acandraḥ ||

y-inta dharmmattukku Ahitam pa⟨2r2=30=30⟩ṇṇiṉavarkaḷ gaṁgaik karai⟨yi⟩lē kapilaiyum kaRĀm pacuvaiyu⟨m⟩ guruvaiyum brāhma⟨2r3=31=31⟩ṇaṉai⟨yu⟩m mā¡d!⟨t⟩ā-pi¡d!⟨t⟩]āvaiyum taṅkaiyālē koṉṟa pāpattilē pōka kaṭava⟨2r4=32=32⟩R Ākavum

samam Ippaṭ=ṭikku cantiRĀ⟨ti⟩tyavarai cella naṭatti-k koḷḷavum ||

satyam

Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440

⟨2r5=33=1⟩ svasti śrīman· mahāmaṇḍaleśvaran· AriyaRĀyar vibhāṭan· bhāṣaikku tappuvaRāy¡i!⟨a⟩r ka⟨2r6=34=2⟩ṇḍan· catusamudrādhipati śrīvīrapra¡d!⟨t⟩āpan· kṛṣṇadevamahārāyar

pṛthivīrā⟨2r7=34=3⟩jyam· paṇṇi Aruḷā niṉṟ¡ā!⟨a⟩ śakāb¡t!⟨d⟩am· 1000 4 100 4 10-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vē¡vu!⟨ku⟩-⟨2r8=35=4⟩dhānya-saṁvat·sarattu dakṣiṇāyanattu śara⟨d⟩ṛtu saṁjñitamāna vṛści-nāyaṟṟu pūrvvapa⟨2r9=36=5⟩kṣat=tu ṣaṣṭiyum· somavāramum peṟṟa tiruvōṇattu nāḷ

Grant no. 3

⟨2v9=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 4

⟨3v2=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 5

⟨4r12=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 6

⟨4v4=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 7

⟨5r1=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 8

⟨5r14=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 9

⟨5v15=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 10

⟨6r13=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 11

⟨6v22=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 12

⟨7v4=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 13

⟨8r11=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 14

⟨9r7=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 15

⟨10r13=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448⟨Page 1r⟩ top left: śubham astu left: 1
⟨1r1=1=1⟩ śrī   sakāttam 1000 4 100 4 10 8-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa viya-saṁvat·sarat=tu tu-
⟨1r2=2=2⟩ lā-nā⟨ya⟩ṟṟu pūrvva-pakṣat=tu sukra-vāramum peṟṟa puṇarpūcat=tu nāḷ   miḻa-
⟨1r3=3=3⟩ lai-k-kūṟṟat=tu naṭuviṟ-kūṟṟu ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩iyūr tirupperuntuṟai Āḷuṭaiya 
⟨1r4=4=4⟩  parama-svāmiyaḷukku Aṟantāṅki Aracu Ēkapperumāḷ toṇṭai-
⟨1r5=5=5⟩ māṉār poṉṉampala-nāta-toṇṭaimāṉār Ūrkaḷ upakṣaya-dhā-
⟨1r6=6=6⟩ rā-pūrvvam-āka vilaippiṟamāṇam paṇṇik koṭut=ta Ūrkaḷ āvaṉa mi-
⟨1r7=7=7⟩ ḻalaikkūṟṟat=tu mēlkūṟṟattu peruṉāvallūraṟkum yitukku uṭpaṭṭa 
⟨1r8=8=8⟩ puravukkum perunāṉk’ ellai Āvaṉa  kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tirupperuntuṟai 
⟨1r9=9=9⟩ Ellaikku mēṟkum teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai paḻantāmarai-k-kuḷat=tukkum vāyit=talaik=ku-
⟨1r10=10=10⟩ m ciṟṟaṭampūr marutaṅkuṭi Ellaikkum vaṭakkum mēṟ-pā(ṟ)kellai vīramaṅ-
⟨1r11=11=11⟩ kalat=til Ellaikkuk kiḻakku⟨m⟩ vaṭa-pāṟk’ ellai veḷḷāṟṟu teṟkum Āka y-icai-
⟨1r12=12=12⟩ nta peru-ṉā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩k’ ellaikku Uṭpaṭṭa peruṉāvallūrukkum vaṭa-veḷḷā-
⟨1r13=13=13⟩ ṟṟu-nāṭṭu-p paṉaiṅkaiya-nāṭṭu Araiyar kuḷapaṟṟu vēṅkūr Eḻuvaṉēri peru-
⟨Page 1v⟩ 
⟨1v1=14=14⟩ -ṉānk’ ellaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum y-iṉṉā(ṭṭi)l y-inta paṟṟu śrī-kaṇṭamaṅkalam ca-
⟨1v2=15=15⟩ tu-sīmaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum Āka y-inta Ūrkaḷukku uṇṭā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a sakala-samudāya-
⟨1v3=16=16⟩ prāptikaḷum maṟṟum nāmaṅ koḷum yiṟai yupātikaḷ maṟṟum ⟨⟨E⟩⟩pēṟpa-
⟨1v4=17=17⟩ ṭ=ṭaṉavum  sarvvamu⟨m ⟩ sarvvamāṉyamāka Upakṣaya-dhārapūṟuvamāka vilaippiṟama-
⟨1v5=18=18⟩ āṉam paṇṇi vilai niccaitta cakkaram poṉ 3 1000 yippoṉ mūvvāyirat-
⟨1v6=19=19⟩ tukkum U yinta Ūrkaḷ cantiRĀtit(=ta)varai cella dhārāpūrvvamāka koṭuttatōm   
⟨1v7=20=20⟩ Āḷuṭaiya para⟨ma⟩svāmikku poṉṉampalat toṇṭaimāṉāRŌm yiṉṉā-
⟨1v8=21=21⟩ ḷil miḻalaikkūṟṟattu paḻantaRĀ⟦p⟧⟨⟨m⟩⟩mai puravu Aṟikil kuṭi nīṅkāt tēvatāṉamāka ca-
⟨1v9=22=22⟩ ntiRĀtityavarai cellak kuṭuttamaikkum cempilum kallilu⟨m⟩ veṭ=ṭikkoḷḷa--
⟨1v10=23=23⟩ kkē kaṭavaR Ākavum   y-itu satyam(·)(~)   dānapālanayōr maddhyē dānāt· cchreyo ’nupālanam· | dānā-
⟨1v11=24=24⟩ t· svargam avāpnōti pālanād acyutam· padam· ||   svadattāt· dviguṇam · puṇyam · paradattānupā⟨⟨la⟩⟩nam· | 
⟨1v12=25=25⟩ paradattāpahārēṇa svadattan niṣphalam · bhavēt·||   svadattām · paradattāṁ vā yo haret¿i?⟨a⟩ vas¿va?⟨u⟩n-
⟨1v13=26=26⟩ dharām | ṣaṣṭi{r}-varṣa-sahasrāṇi  viṣṭhāyāñ jāyate kṛmiḥ ||   Ekaika bhaginī loke 
⟨1v14=27=27⟩ sarvveṣām eva bhūbhujāḥ| nā bhōjyā na k(a)ragrāhyā vipradattā vasundharāḥ||   sā
⟨1v15=28=28⟩ māṉyo yan dharmma-setu(r) nṛpāṇāṁ kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavat·bhi⟨ḥ⟩ | sarvān etā(nn) 
⟨Page 2r⟩ 
⟨2r1=29=29⟩ bhāvinaḥ pā⟨r⟩tthivendr¿a?⟨ā⟩n· bhūyo bhūyo yācate rām acandraḥ ||   y-inta dharmmattukku Ahitam pa-
⟨2r2=30=30⟩ ṇṇiṉavarkaḷ gaṁgaik karai⟨yi⟩lē kapilaiyum kaRĀm pacuvaiyu⟨m⟩ guruvaiyum brāhma-
⟨2r3=31=31⟩ ṇaṉai⟨yu⟩m mā¡d!⟨t⟩ā-pi¡d!⟨t⟩]āvaiyum taṅkaiyālē koṉṟa pāpattilē pōka kaṭava-
⟨2r4=32=32⟩ R Ākavum   samam Ippaṭ=ṭikku cantiRĀ⟨ti⟩tyavarai cella naṭatti-k koḷḷavum ||   satyam  

Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440⟨2r5=33=1⟩ svasti śrīman· mahāmaṇḍaleśvaran· AriyaRĀyar vibhāṭan· bhāṣaikku tappuvaRāy¡i!⟨a⟩r ka-
⟨2r6=34=2⟩ ṇḍan· catusamudrādhipati śrīvīrapra¡d!⟨t⟩āpan· kṛṣṇadevamahārāyar  pṛthivīrā-
⟨2r7=34=3⟩ jyam· paṇṇi Aruḷā niṉṟ¡ā!⟨a⟩ śakāb¡t!⟨d⟩am· 1000 4 100 4 10-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vē¡vu!⟨ku⟩--
⟨2r8=35=4⟩ dhānya-saṁvat·sarattu dakṣiṇāyanattu śara⟨d⟩ṛtu saṁjñitamāna vṛści-nāyaṟṟu pūrvvapa-
⟨2r9=36=5⟩ kṣat=tu ṣaṣṭiyum· somavāramum peṟṟa tiruvōṇattu nāḷ  

Grant no. 3

⟨2v9=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 4

⟨3v2=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 5

⟨4r12=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 6

⟨4v4=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 7

⟨5r1=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 8

⟨5r14=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 9

⟨5v15=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 10

⟨6r13=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 11

⟨6v22=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 12

⟨7v4=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 13

⟨8r11=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 14

⟨9r7=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 15

⟨10r13=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448

⟨Page 1r⟩⟨top left: śubham astu⟩⟨left: 1⟩

⟨1r1=1=1⟩ śrī

sakāttam 1000 4 100 4 10 8-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa viya-saṁvat·sarat=tu tu⟨1r2=2=2⟩lā-nā⟨ya⟩ṟṟu pūrvva-pakṣat=tu sukra-vāramum peṟṟa puṇarpūcat=tu nāḷ

kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tirupperuntuṟai ⟨1r9=9=9⟩ Ellaikku mēṟkum
teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai paḻantāmarai-k-kuḷat=tukkum vāyit=talaik=ku⟨1r10=10=10⟩m ciṟṟaṭampūr marutaṅkuṭi Ellaikkum vaṭakkum
mēṟ-pā(ṟ)kellai vīramaṅ⟨1r11=11=11⟩kalat=til Ellaikkuk kiḻakku⟨m⟩
vaṭa-pāṟk’ ellai veḷḷāṟṟu teṟkum

y-itu satyam(·)(~)

I. Anuṣṭubh

dānapālanayōr maddhyē

dānāt· cchreyo ’nupālanam· |

dānā⟨1v11=24=24⟩t· svargam avāpnōti

pālanād acyutam· padam· ||

II. Anuṣṭubh

svadattāt· dviguṇam · puṇyam ·

paradattānupā⟨⟨la⟩⟩nam· |

⟨1v12=25=25⟩ paradattāpahārēṇa

svadattan niṣphalam · bhavēt·||

III. Anuṣṭubh

svadattām · paradattāṁ vā

yo haret¿i?⟨a⟩ vas¿va?⟨u⟩n⟨1v13=26=26⟩dharām |

ṣaṣṭi{r}-varṣa-sahasrāṇi

viṣṭhāyāñ jāyate kṛmiḥ ||

IV. Anuṣṭubh

Ekaika bhaginī loke

⟨1v14=27=27⟩ sarvveṣām eva bhūbhujāḥ|

nā bhōjyā na k(a)ragrāhyā

vipradattā vasundharāḥ||

V. Anuṣṭubh

sā ⟨1v15=28=28⟩ māṉyo yan dharmma-setu(r) nṛpāṇāṁ

kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavat·bhi⟨ḥ⟩ |

sarvān etā(nn) ⟨Page 2r⟩ ⟨2r1=29=29⟩ bhāvinaḥ pā⟨r⟩tthivendr¿a?⟨ā⟩n·

bhūyo bhūyo yācate rām acandraḥ ||

samam Ippaṭ=ṭikku cantiRĀ⟨ti⟩tyavarai cella naṭatti-k koḷḷavum ||

satyam

Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440

Grant no. 3

⟨2v9=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 4

⟨3v2=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 5

⟨4r12=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 6

⟨4v4=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 7

⟨5r1=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 8

⟨5r14=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 9

⟨5v15=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 10

⟨6r13=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 11

⟨6v22=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 12

⟨7v4=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 13

⟨8r11=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 14

⟨9r7=**=1⟩ ...

Grant no. 15

⟨10r13=**=1⟩ ...

Translation by Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis and Margherita Trento

Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448

(1) Fortune!

(1–2) Viya year, while the Śaka year 1448 is going on, on the month of the libra¹, during the first half², and on a Friday, on the day of the seventh star [puṇarpūcam³]

(2–8) [I], Toṇṭaimāṉ Poṉṉampalanātaṉ, son of Toṇṭaimāṉ Ēkapperumāḷ, king of Aṟantāṅki, to the supreme Lord who rules in Tirupperuntuṟai, an independent settlement (taṉiyūr) in the Naṭuviṟkūṟu in Miḻalaikkūṟṟam, give the settlements which follow, after having made a sale-deed (vilaippiṟamāṇam) with ... and water (upakṣaya-dhārā-pūrvam-āka) for the donation of such settlements; the four great boundaries of the the endowed land (puravukku) which lies within Peruṉāvallūr, in the above-mentioned kūṟu in the Miḻalaikkūṟṟam are [as follow]s.

(8–19)

The boundary on the eastern side is on the west of the boundary of Tirupperuntuṟai;
the boundary on the southern side is north of the boundary of Ciṟṟatampūr Marutaṅkuṭi, of the old lotus pond, and of the head-sluice of channel;
the boundary on the western side is east of the boundary in Vīramaṅkalam;
the northern boundary is south of the Vēḷḷāṟu river.

This being so, to Peruṉāvallūr which is within these four aforementioned boundaries, to Eḻuvaṉēri Vēṅkūr which is adjacent to Araiyar kuḷa in the Paṉaiṅkaiya region in the region of the northern Veḷḷāṟu and is within these four boundaries, and to Śrī Kaṇtamaṅkalam in this country which is adjacent to that, and is completely within these four boundaries, all the collective revenues that belong to these towns, and the dues from the taxes which bear names, whatever name they may have, all of them, having acquired them as a tax-free endowment, along with the water streams, by making [this] sale dead, the price being established to 3000 golden cakkaram coins, in exchange for these three thousand golds, I give these towns along with their water streams until the sun ans the moon.

(19–23) The donation that I, Poṉṉambala Toṇṭaimāṉ, make to the supreme Lord (paramasvāmi) who is Lord [in Tirupperuntuṟai], on this day, as an endowment of lands to the temple without removing the cultivating tenants in the vicinity (aṟikil, that is, arukil) of [paḻantarāmmai] land in the Miḻalaikuṟṟu, shall be inscribed on copper and on stone, for the donation to last until the sun and the moon.

(23) This is true.

I

Between giving or protecting [a donation], protecting is better than giving ; from giving one obtains heaven, from protecting the place from which there is no falling down.

II

Protecting the donation made by others has twice the meritorious quality than making oneself a donation; and by harming the gift made by others, one’s own gift becomes fruitless.

III

Whoever may steal the land donated by him, or donated by another, becomes a warm in the excrements for sixty thousand years.

IV

The land which is given to brahmins should not be enjoyed nor taken for taxes, it is in this world the only sister for all the kings.

V

This bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it [...]

(29–32) Whoever harms this dharma, will incur in the same sin as if killing with his own hands his mother, father, guru, a brahmin, a calf or a tawny cow on the shores of the Gaṅgā.

(32) This will last until the sun and the moon.

(32) This is the truth.

Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440

Grant no. 3

Grant no. 4

Grant no. 5

Grant no. 6

Grant no. 7

Grant no. 8

Grant no. 10

Grant no. 11

Grant no. 12

Grant no. 13

Grant no. 14

Grant no. 15

Bibliography

Reported in Katti 1998 (ARIE/1986-1987/A/1986-1987/**).

Edited in Kiruṣṇamūrtti 2000 as individual grants (nos. 1-15), whereas they are in fact found in succession in a single set of plates. These editions are not taken systematically into account since the editor regularly adapts Sanskrit words to Tamil spelling.

This edition by Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis and Margherita Trento (2024), based on EFEO photographs (2015).

Primary

[K] Kiruṣṇamūrtti, Ca. 2000. Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai ātīṉac ceppēṭu. Citamparam: Ā. Uṇṇāmalai. Pages 36–72, items 1-15.

Notes

1. I.e. the seventh month.
2. I.e. the days of the waxing moon.
3. I.e. punarvasu?

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<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448</head>

<ab>

<fw place="top-left" n="1r"><hi rend="grantha">śubham astu</hi></fw>

</ab>

<p>

</p>

<p>

<hi rend="grantha">sakāttam</hi> <num value="1448"><g type="numeral">1000</g> 4 <g type="numeral">100</g> 4 <g type="numeral">10</g> 8</num>-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa viya-<hi rend="grantha">saṁ</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">t·sara</hi>t=tu tu

<lb n="1r2=2=2" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">lā</hi>-nā<supplied reason="omitted">ya</supplied>ṟṟu <hi rend="grantha">pūrvva</hi>-pa<hi rend="grantha">kṣa</hi>t=tu <hi rend="grantha">sukra</hi>-vā<hi rend="grantha">ramum</hi> peṟṟa puṇarpūcat=tu nāḷ

</p>

<p>

miḻa

<lb n="1r3=3=3" break="no"/>lai-k-kūṟṟat=tu naṭuviṟ-kūṟṟu ta<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>iyūr tirupperuntuṟai Āḷuṭaiya

<lb n="1r4=4=4"/> parama-<hi rend="grantha">svāmi</hi>yaḷukku Aṟantāṅki Aracu Ēkapperumāḷ toṇṭai

<lb n="1r5=5=5" break="no"/>māṉār poṉṉampala-nāta-toṇṭaimāṉār

Ūrkaḷ u<hi rend="grantha">pakṣa</hi>ya-<hi rend="grantha">dhā</hi>

<lb n="1r6=6=6" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">rā-pūrvva</hi>m-āka vilaippiṟamāṇam paṇṇik koṭut=ta Ūrkaḷ āvaṉa

<lb n="1r7=7=7" break="no"/>ḻalaikkūṟṟat=tu mēlkūṟṟattu peruṉāvallūraṟkum yitukku uṭpaṭṭa

<lb n="1r8=8=8"/>puravukkum perunāṉk’ ellai Āvaṉa

<list>

<item>kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tirupperuntuṟai

<lb n="1r9=9=9"/>Ellaikku mēṟkum</item>

<item>teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai paḻantāmarai-k-kuḷat=tukkum vāyit=talaik=ku

<lb n="1r10=10=10" break="no"/>m ciṟṟaṭampūr marutaṅkuṭi Ellaikkum vaṭakkum</item>

<item>mēṟ-pā<unclear>ṟ</unclear>kellai vīramaṅ

<lb n="1r11=11=11" break="no"/>kalat=til Ellaikkuk kiḻakku<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied></item>

<item>vaṭa-pāṟk' ellai veḷḷāṟṟu teṟkum</item>

</list>

Āka

y-icai 

<lb n="1r12=12=12" break="no"/>nta peru-ṉā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>k’ ellaikku Uṭpaṭṭa peruṉāvallūrukkum vaṭa-veḷḷā

 <lb n="1r13=13=13" break="no"/>ṟṟu-nāṭṭu-p paṉaiṅkaiya-nāṭṭu Araiyar kuḷapaṟṟu vēṅkūr Eḻuvaṉēri peru

<pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1=14=14" break="no"/>-ṉānk' ellaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum y-iṉṉā<unclear>ṭṭi</unclear>l y-inta paṟṟu śrī-kaṇṭamaṅkalam ca

<lb n="1v2=15=15" break="no"/>tu-<hi rend="grantha">sī</hi>maikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum Āka

y-inta Ūrkaḷukku uṇṭā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>a <hi rend="grantha">sakala-samudā</hi>ya

<lb n="1v3=16=16" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">prāpti</hi>kaḷum maṟṟum nāmaṅ koḷum yiṟai yu<hi rend="grantha">pā</hi>tikaḷ maṟṟum <add place="below" rend="mark">E</add>pēṟpa

<lb n="1v4=17=17" break="no"/>ṭ=ṭaṉavum <hi rend="grantha"> sarvva</hi>mu<supplied reason="omitted">m </supplied> sarvvamāṉyamāka Upa<hi rend="grantha">kṣaya-dhāra</hi>pūṟuvamāka vilaippiṟama

<lb n="1v5=18=18" break="no"/>āṉam paṇṇi vilai niccaitta cakkaram poṉ <num value="3000">3 <g type="numeral">1000</g></num> yippoṉ mūvvāyirat

<lb n="1v6=19=19" break="no"/>tukkum U yinta Ūrkaḷ cantiRĀtit<unclear>=ta</unclear>varai cella <hi rend="grantha">dhārāpūrvvamā</hi>ka koṭuttatōm

</p>

<p>

<lb n="1v7=20=20"/>Āḷuṭaiya pa<hi rend="grantha">ra<supplied reason="omitted">ma</supplied>svāmi</hi>kku poṉṉampalat toṇṭaimāṉāRŌm yiṉṉā

<lb n="1v8=21=21" break="no"/>ḷil miḻalaikkūṟṟattu paḻantaRĀ<subst><del rend="corrected">p</del><add place="overstrike">m</add></subst>mai puravu Aṟikil kuṭi nīṅkāt tēvatāṉamāka ca

<lb n="1v9=22=22" break="no"/>ntiRĀti<hi rend="grantha">tya</hi>varai cellak kuṭuttamaikkum cempilum kallilu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> veṭ=ṭikkoḷḷa-

<lb n="1v10=23=23" break="no"/>kkē kaṭavaR Ākavum

</p>

<ab>

y-itu <hi rend="grantha">satyam<unclear>·</unclear></hi><unclear>~</unclear>

</ab>

<l n="a">dānapālanayōr maddhyē</l>

<l n="b">dānāt· cchreyo ’nupālanam· <g type="danda">.</g></l>

<l n="c">dānā<lb n="1v11=24=24" break="no"/>t· svargam avāpnōti</l>

<l n="d">pālanād acyutam· padam· <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">svadattāt· dviguṇam · puṇyam ·</l>

<l n="b">paradattānupā<add place="below" rend="mark">la</add>nam· <g type="danda">.</g></l>

<l n="c"><lb n="1v12=25=25"/>paradattāpahārēṇa</l>

<l n="d">svadattan niṣphalam · bhavēt·<g type="ddanda">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">svadattām · paradattāṁ vā</l>

<l n="b">yo haret<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice> vas<choice><sic>va</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>n <lb n="1v13=26=26" break="no"/>dharām <g type="danda">.</g></l>

<l n="c">ṣaṣṭi<surplus>r</surplus>-varṣa-sahasrāṇi</l>

<l n="d"> viṣṭhāyāñ jāyate kṛmiḥ <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">Ekaika bhaginī loke</l>

<l n="b"><lb n="1v14=27=27"/>sarvveṣām eva bhūbhujāḥ<g type="danda">.</g></l>

<l n="c">nā bhōjyā na k<unclear>a</unclear>ragrāhyā</l>

<l n="d">vipradattā vasundharāḥ<g type="ddanda">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">sā<lb n="1v15=28=28"/>māṉyo yan dharmma-setu<unclear>r</unclear> nṛpāṇāṁ</l>

<l n="b">kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavat·bhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <g type="danda">.</g></l>

<l n="c">sarvān etā<unclear>nn</unclear> <pb n="2r"/><lb n="2r1=29=29"/>bhāvinaḥ pā<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>tthivendr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>n·</l>

<l n="d">bhūyo bhūyo yācate rām acandraḥ <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>

</lg>

<p>

y-inta <hi rend="grantha">dharmmattu</hi>kku <hi rend="grantha">Ahi</hi>tam pa

<lb n="2r2=30=30" break="no"/>ṇṇiṉavarkaḷ <hi rend="grantha">gaṁgai</hi>k karai<supplied reason="omitted">yi</supplied>lē <hi rend="grantha">kapi</hi>laiyum kaRĀm pacuvaiyu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> <hi rend="grantha">guruvai</hi>yum <hi rend="grantha">brāhma</hi>

<lb n="2r3=31=31" break="no"/>ṇaṉai<supplied reason="omitted">yu</supplied>m <hi rend="grantha">mā<choice><orig>d</orig><reg>t</reg></choice>ā</hi>-pi<hi rend="grantha"><choice><orig>d</orig><reg>t</reg></choice>]āvai</hi>yum taṅkaiyālē koṉṟa <hi rend="grantha">pāpa</hi>ttilē pōka kaṭava

<lb n="2r4=32=32" break="no"/>R Ākavum

</p>

<p>

<hi rend="grantha">samam</hi> Ippaṭ=ṭikku cantiRĀ<supplied reason="omitted">ti</supplied><hi rend="grantha">tya</hi>varai cella naṭatti-k koḷḷavum <g type="ddanda">.</g>

</p>

<ab>

<hi rend="grantha">satyam</hi>

</ab>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440</head>

<p>

<lb n="2r5=33=1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrīman· mahāmaṇḍaleśvaran· A</hi>riyaRĀyar vi<hi rend="grantha">bhāṭan· bhāṣai</hi>kku tappuvaRāy<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>a</reg></choice>r <hi rend="grantha">ka</hi>

<lb n="2r6=34=2" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">ṇḍan· catusamudrādhipati śrī</hi>vīra<hi rend="grantha">pra<choice><orig>d</orig><reg>t</reg></choice>āpan· kṛṣṇadevamahārā</hi>yar

</p>

<p><hi rend="grantha">pṛthi</hi>vī<hi rend="grantha">rā</hi>

<lb n="2r7=34=3" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">jyam· pa</hi>ṇṇi <hi rend="grantha">Aruḷā</hi> niṉṟ<choice><orig>ā</orig><reg>a</reg></choice> <hi rend="grantha">śakāb<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>d</reg></choice>am·</hi> <num value="1440"><g type="numeral">1000</g> <g type="numeral">4</g> <g type="numeral">100</g> <g type="numeral">4</g> <g type="numeral">10</g></num>-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vē<hi rend="grantha"><choice><orig>vu</orig><reg>ku</reg></choice></hi>-

<lb n="2r8=35=4" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">dhānya-saṁvat·sarattu dakṣiṇāyanattu śara<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>ṛtu saṁjñitamāna vṛści</hi>-nāyaṟṟu <hi rend="grantha">pūrvvapa</hi>

<lb n="2r9=36=5" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">kṣa</hi>t=tu ṣ<hi rend="grantha">aṣṭi</hi>yu<hi rend="grantha">m· soma</hi>vā<hi rend="grantha">ramu</hi>m peṟṟa tiruvōṇattu nāḷ

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 3</head>

<p>

<lb n="2v9=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 4</head>

<p>

<lb n="3v2=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 5</head>

<p>

<lb n="4r12=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 6</head>

<p>

<lb n="4v4=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 7</head>

<p>

<lb n="5r1=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 8</head>

<p>

<lb n="5r14=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 9</head>

<p>

<lb n="5v15=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 10</head>

<p>

<lb n="6r13=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 11</head>

<p>

<lb n="6v22=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 12</head>

<p>

<lb n="7v4=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 13</head>

<p>

<lb n="8r11=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 14</head>

<p>

<lb n="9r7=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 15</head>

<p>

<lb n="10r13=**=1"/>...

</p>

</div>

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<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448</head>

Fortune!

</p>

Viya year, while the Śaka year 1448 is going on, on the month of the libra<note>I.e. the seventh month.</note>, during the first half<note>I.e. the days of the waxing moon.</note>, and on a Friday, on the day of the seventh star <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>puṇarpūcam</foreign><note>I.e. <foreign>punarvasu</foreign>?</note></supplied>

</p>

<supplied reason="subaudible">I</supplied>, Toṇṭaimāṉ Poṉṉampalanātaṉ, son of Toṇṭaimāṉ Ēkapperumāḷ, king of Aṟantāṅki, to the supreme Lord who rules in Tirupperuntuṟai, an independent settlement <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>taṉiyūr</foreign></supplied> in the Naṭuviṟkūṟu in Miḻalaikkūṟṟam,

give the settlements which follow, after having made a sale-deed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vilaippiṟamāṇam</foreign></supplied> with ... and water <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>upakṣaya-dhārā-pūrvam-āka</foreign></supplied> for the donation of such settlements;

the four great boundaries of the the endowed land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puravukku</foreign></supplied> which lies within Peruṉāvallūr, in the above-mentioned <foreign>kūṟu</foreign> in the Miḻalaikkūṟṟam are <supplied reason="subaudible">as follow</supplied>s.

</p>

<list>

<item>The boundary on the eastern side is on the west of the boundary of Tirupperuntuṟai;</item>

<item>the boundary on the southern side is north of the boundary of Ciṟṟatampūr Marutaṅkuṭi, of the old lotus pond, and of the head-sluice of channel;</item>

<item>the boundary on the western side is east of the boundary in Vīramaṅkalam;</item>

<item>the northern boundary is south of the Vēḷḷāṟu river.</item>

</list>

all the collective revenues that belong to these towns, and the dues from the taxes which bear names, whatever name they may have, all of them, having acquired them as a tax-free endowment, along with the water streams, by making <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> sale dead, the price being established to 3000 golden <foreign>cakkaram</foreign> coins, in exchange for these three thousand golds, I give these towns along with their water streams until the sun ans the moon.

</p>

The donation that I, Poṉṉambala Toṇṭaimāṉ, make to the supreme Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paramasvāmi</foreign></supplied> who is Lord <supplied reason="subaudible">in Tirupperuntuṟai</supplied>, on this day, as an endowment of lands to the temple without removing the cultivating tenants in the vicinity (aṟikil, that is, arukil) of [paḻantarāmmai] land in the Miḻalaikuṟṟu, shall be inscribed on copper and on stone, for the donation to last until the sun and the moon.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="1">Between giving or protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">a donation</supplied>, protecting is better than giving ; from giving one obtains heaven, from protecting the place from which there is no falling down.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="2">Protecting the donation made by others has twice the meritorious quality than making oneself a donation; and by harming the gift made by others, one’s own gift becomes fruitless.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="3">Whoever may steal the land donated by him, or donated by another, becomes a warm in the excrements for sixty thousand years.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="4">The land which is given to brahmins should not be enjoyed nor taken for taxes, it is in this world the only sister for all the kings. </p>

<p rend="stanza" n="5">This bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it [...]</p>

<p n="29-32">Whoever harms this <foreign>dharma</foreign>, will incur in the same sin as if killing with his own hands his mother, father, <foreign>guru</foreign>, a brahmin, a calf or a tawny cow on the shores of the Gaṅgā.</p>

<p n="32">This will last until the sun and the moon.</p>

<p n="32">This is the truth.</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 3</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 4</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 5</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 6</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 7</head>

</div><div type="textpart" n="8">

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 8</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 10</head>

</div><div type="textpart" n="11">

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 11</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 12</head>

</div><div type="textpart" n="13">

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 13</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 14</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Grant no. 15</head>

</div>

<!--<div type="commentary">

</div>-->

<p><seg rend="check">Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1986-1987"/></bibl> (ARIE/1986-1987/A/1986-1987/**).</seg></p>

<p>

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kirusnamurtti2000_01"/></bibl> as individual grants (nos. 1-15), whereas they are in fact found in succession in a single set of plates. These editions are not taken systematically into account since the editor regularly adapts Sanskrit words to Tamil spelling.

</p>

<p>

This edition by Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis and Margherita Trento (2024), based on EFEO photographs (2015).

</p>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<!--<listBibl type="secondary">

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>-->

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>