Boṇḍā Plates of Śivagupta, Year 22

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00036.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-18 13:12 (d59dd56).

Edition

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I. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ (śrīha)rṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

(śāsanaṁ śi)vaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣ¿ī?⟨i⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩a(vi)dyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavina⟨1v2⟩yasampatsaṁpāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśrayaḥ ⟨1v3⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasaṁbhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārttike⟨1v4⟩ya Iva kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnu⟨ḥ⟩ soma⟨1v5⟩va¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasa{ṁ}mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpittṛpādānudhyāta⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāś¿ī?⟨i⟩va⟨1v6⟩guptarāja⟨ḥ⟩ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| lāyoḍḍakavaiṣayikaśarkkarāpāṭake brā⟨1v7⟩hmaṇāṁ saṁp¿u?⟨ū⟩jya sapradhānā⟨n⟩ prativāsino yathākālādhyāsina⟨ḥ⟩⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩samāharttṛsannidhāttṛpramukhān anyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopajīvina(ḥ)⟨2r2⟩sarvvarājapuruṣān samājñāpayati

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathā⟨2r3⟩smābhir aya¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvaka⟨2r4⟩rādānasametaḥ sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭaprave⟨2r5⟩śo {c}chāndogabharadvājasagottrabhaṭṭat¡ṛ!⟨ri⟩vikramasvāmine pauṣasaṁkrāntyā⟨2r6⟩m udakapūrvvaṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{b}raśāsanenā⟨2r7⟩candrārkasamakālopabhogārthaṁ pratipādita Ity

avagatyāsya vidhe⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩yatayā samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhir bhavadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prat(i)⟨2v2⟩vasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yat(e)

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨2v3⟩pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ṁ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sā⟨2v4⟩T

Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m

ā⟨yu⟩s tathā kuruta ya⟨2v5⟩d bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩

Api ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālanayos tāvat pha{ṁ}laṁ sugat¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨2v6⟩durggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya naraka(ṁ) pratipadyate|

¡b!⟨v⟩yāsagī⟨2v7⟩tāṁś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇaṁ

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutāś ca gāvaḥ

datt¿a?⟨ā⟩s trayas tena bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨3r2⟩ k¿a?⟨ā⟩ñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge mo⟨3r3⟩dati bhūmidaḥ

Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT

V. Anuṣṭubh

ba⟨3r4⟩hubhir vasudhā dattā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ

yasya yasya yadā bhūmi⟨3r5⟩⟨s⟩ tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadattāṁ paradattām ¡b!⟨v⟩ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨3r6⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

pravarddhamānavijayarājye ⟨3r7⟩ sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare dvāvi¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śe pauṣaprathamapakṣaṣaṣṭhyām aṅkenāpi saṁ¡b!⟨v⟩aT 20 2 puṣya⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1⟩ dina 6|

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rājña⟨ḥ⟩ (śrīha)rṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩ (śāsanaṁ śi)vaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣ¿ī?⟨i⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩a(vi)dyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavina-

⟨1v2⟩ yasampatsaṁpāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśrayaḥ

⟨1v3⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasaṁbhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārttike-

⟨1v4⟩ ya Iva ◯kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnu⟨ḥ⟩ soma-

⟨1v5⟩ va¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasa{ṁ}mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpittṛpādānudhyāta⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāś¿ī?⟨i⟩va-

⟨1v6⟩ guptarāja⟨ḥ⟩ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| lāyoḍḍakavaiṣayikaśarkkarāpāṭake brā-

⟨1v7⟩ hmaṇāṁ saṁp¿u?⟨ū⟩jya sapradhānā⟨n⟩ prativāsino yathākālādhyāsina⟨ḥ⟩-

⟨Page 2r⟩

⟨2r1⟩ samāharttṛsannidhāttṛpramukhān anyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopajīvina(ḥ)-

⟨2r2⟩ sarvvarājapuruṣān samājñāpayati viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathā-

⟨2r3⟩ smābhir aya¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvaka-

⟨2r4⟩ rādānasa◯metaḥ sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭaprave-

⟨2r5⟩ śo {c}chāndogabharadvājasagottrabhaṭṭat¡ṛ!⟨ri⟩vikramasvāmine pauṣasaṁkrāntyā-

⟨2r6⟩ m udakapūrvvaṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{b}raśāsanenā-

⟨2r7⟩ candrārkasamakālopabhogārthaṁ pratipādita Ity avagatyāsya vidhe-

⟨Page 2v⟩

⟨2v1⟩ yatayā samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhir bhavadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prat(i)-

⟨2v2⟩ vasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yat(e) bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩-

⟨2v3⟩ pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ṁ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sā-

⟨2v4⟩ T Etad ⟨d⟩va◯yaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m ā⟨yu⟩s tathā kuruta ya-

⟨2v5⟩ d bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩ Api ca rakṣāpālanayos tāvat pha{ṁ}laṁ sugat¿ī?⟨i⟩-

⟨2v6⟩ durggat¿i?⟨ī⟩ ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya naraka(ṁ) pratipadyate| ¡b!⟨v⟩yāsagī-

⟨2v7⟩ tāṁś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāharanti Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇaṁ

⟨Page 3r⟩

⟨3r1⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutāś ca gāvaḥ datt¿a?⟨ā⟩s trayas tena bhavanti lokā ya⟨ḥ⟩

⟨3r2⟩ k¿a?⟨ā⟩ñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge mo-

⟨3r3⟩ dati bhūmidaḥ Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT ba-

⟨3r4⟩ hubhir vasu◯dhā dattā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ yasya yasya yadā bhūmi-

⟨3r5⟩ ⟨s⟩ tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ svadattāṁ paradattām ¡b!⟨v⟩ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩

⟨3r6⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩ ¡i!⟨I⟩ti|| pravarddhamānavijayarājye

⟨3r7⟩ sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare dvāvi¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śe pauṣaprathamapakṣaṣaṣṭhyām aṅkenāpi saṁ¡b!⟨v⟩aT 20 2 puṣya

⟨Page 3v⟩

⟨3v1⟩ dina 6|

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I. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ (śrīha)rṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

(śāsanaṁ śi)vaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣ¿ī?⟨i⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩a(vi)dyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavina⟨1v2⟩yasampatsaṁpāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśrayaḥ ⟨1v3⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasaṁbhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārttike⟨1v4⟩ya Iva ◯kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnu⟨ḥ⟩ soma⟨1v5⟩va¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasa{ṁ}mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpittṛpādānudhyāta⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāś¿ī?⟨i⟩va⟨1v6⟩guptarāja⟨ḥ⟩ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| lāyoḍḍakavaiṣayikaśarkkarāpāṭake brā⟨1v7⟩hmaṇāṁ saṁp¿u?⟨ū⟩jya sapradhānā⟨n⟩ prativāsino yathākālādhyāsina⟨ḥ⟩⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩samāharttṛsannidhāttṛpramukhān anyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopajīvina(ḥ)⟨2r2⟩sarvvarājapuruṣān samājñāpayati

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathā⟨2r3⟩smābhir aya¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvaka⟨2r4⟩rādānasa◯metaḥ sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭaprave⟨2r5⟩śo {c}chāndogabharadvājasagottrabhaṭṭat¡ṛ!⟨ri⟩vikramasvāmine pauṣasaṁkrāntyā⟨2r6⟩m udakapūrvvaṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{b}raśāsanenā⟨2r7⟩candrārkasamakālopabhogārthaṁ pratipādita Ity

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨2v3⟩pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ṁ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sā⟨2v4⟩T

Etad ⟨d⟩va◯yaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m

ā⟨yu⟩s tathā kuruta ya⟨2v5⟩d bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩

Api ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālanayos tāvat pha{ṁ}laṁ sugat¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨2v6⟩durggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya naraka(ṁ) pratipadyate|

¡b!⟨v⟩yāsagī⟨2v7⟩tāṁś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇaṁ

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutāś ca gāvaḥ

datt¿a?⟨ā⟩s trayas tena bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨3r2⟩ k¿a?⟨ā⟩ñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge mo⟨3r3⟩dati bhūmidaḥ

Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT

V. Anuṣṭubh

ba⟨3r4⟩hubhir vasu◯dhā dattā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ

yasya yasya yadā bhūmi⟨3r5⟩⟨s⟩ tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadattāṁ paradattām ¡b!⟨v⟩ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨3r6⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

pravarddhamānavijayarājye ⟨3r7⟩ sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare dvāvi¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śe pauṣaprathamapakṣaṣaṣṭhyām aṅkenāpi saṁ¡b!⟨v⟩aT 20 2 puṣya⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1⟩ dina 6|

Apparatus

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Plates

⟨1v1⟩ °kṣ¿ī?⟨i⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩a° ⬦ °kṣ¿ī?⟨i⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩a° MP; °kṣ¿ī?⟨i⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩śa° AMS.

⟨1v2⟩ °vijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣu° ⬦ °vijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣu° MP; °v¿ī?⟨i⟩jig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣu° AMS.

⟨1v5⟩ °sa{ṁ}mbhavaḥ ⬦ °sambhavaḥ MP; °sa{ṁ}mbhavaḥ AMS. — ⟨1v5⟩ °pittṛ° ⬦ °pitṛ° MP; °pittṛ° AMS.

⟨2r1⟩ °sannidhāttṛ° ⬦ °sannidhāt{t}ṛ° MP; °sa{ṁ}nnidhāt{t}ṛ° AMS. — ⟨2r1⟩ °opajīvina(ḥ) ⬦ °opajīv¿ī?⟨i⟩na(ḥ) MP; °opajīv¿ī?⟨i⟩na(ḥ) AMS.

⟨2r5⟩ °sagottra° ⬦ °sagottra° MP; °sagotra° AMS.

⟨2r6⟩ °pittror ⬦ °pittror MP; °pitror AMS.

⟨2v1⟩ prat(i)° ⬦ prat¿ī?⟨i⟩° MP; prati° AMS.

⟨2v5⟩ pha{ṁ}laṁ ⬦ phalaṁ MP; pha{ṁ}laṁ AMS. — ⟨2v5⟩ sugat¿ī?⟨i⟩° ⬦ sugati° MP; sugat¿ī?⟨i⟩° AMS.

⟨2v7⟩ cāt{t}ra ⬦ cāt{t}ra MP; cātra AMS.

⟨3r1⟩ sutāś ca gāvaḥ ⬦ sutāś ca gāvaḥ MP; sutā gāvaḥ AMS. — ⟨3r1⟩ datt¿a?⟨ā⟩s ⬦ dattās MP; datt¿a?⟨ā⟩s AMS.

⟨3r4⟩ sagarādibhiḥ ⬦ sagarādibhiḥ MP; s¿ā?⟨a⟩garādibhiḥ AMS.

⟨3r7⟩ sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare ⬦ sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare MP; samvatsare AMS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world

Plates

(1v1–2r2) Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas (i.e., Śiva); who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Śarkkarāpāṭaka situated in the Lāyoḍḍaka viṣaya, [the king] issues [the following command] to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service and other [local council], headed by the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted [in the village], and to the residents [of the village] with their headman:

(2r2–2r7) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to bhaṭṭa Trivikramasvāmin, belonging to the Bharadvāja gotra and to the Chāndoga [school]. [The grant of the village], which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, [took place] on the occasion of a saṁkrānti in the month of Pauṣa [and] comes along with [the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; [the right to] punish and realise fines for the ten offences; [the right to collect] all taxes [payable to the king]; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.

(2r7–2v2) Having taken note of that, you should render the proper prescribed [shares of] periodical offerings, produce, and the like to to the donee, while living happily [in this village]. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v2–2v5

[Kings] who donate land sport in heaven, [but] look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

And also:

2v5–2v6

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

(2v6–2v7) And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

2v7–3r2

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r2–3r3

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r3–3r5

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r5–3r6

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

(3r6–3v1) [The copperplate charter has been engraved] on the sixth day of the first half of the month of Pauṣa in the twenty-second year of the increasingly victorious reign [of Śivagupta]. In numbers: Year 22, [Month] Pauṣa, Day 6.

Commentary

Bibliography

First edited by Mirashi and Pandeya 1963–1964 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995, pp. 124–127; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Mirashi and Pandeya).

Primary

[MP] Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu and L.P. Pandeya. 1963–1964. “Bonda plates of Mahasivagupta, year 22.” EI 35, pp. 60–65.

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 124–127.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Page 251.

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<title>Boṇḍā Plates of Śivagupta, Year 22</title>

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<l n="ab">rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <unclear>śrīha</unclear>rṣaguptasya sūno<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sadguṇaśālina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd"><unclear>śāsanaṁ śi</unclear>vaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ</l>

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<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣ<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>t<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><choice><orig>ṣ</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>a<unclear>vi</unclear>dyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavina<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>yasampatsaṁpāditasakalavijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśrayaḥ<lb n="1v3"/>prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasaṁbhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārttike<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>ya Iva <space type="binding-hole"/>kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>harṣadevasya sūnu<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> soma<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>va<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śasa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpittṛpādānudhyāta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mahāś<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>va<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>guptarāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kuśal<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><g type="ddandaHooked"/> lāyoḍḍakavaiṣayikaśarkkarāpāṭake brā<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>hmaṇāṁ saṁp<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>jya sapradhānā<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied> prativāsino yathākālādhyāsina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>samāharttṛsannidhāttṛpramukhān anyā<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>ś cāsmatpādopajīvina<unclear>ḥ</unclear><lb n="2r2" break="no"/>sarvvarājapuruṣān samājñāpayati</p> <p>viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathā<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>smābhir aya<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice> grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvaka<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>rādānasa<space type="binding-hole"/>metaḥ sarvvap<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭaprave<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>śo <surplus>c</surplus>chāndogabharadvājasagottrabhaṭṭat<choice><orig>ṛ</orig><reg>ri</reg></choice>vikramasvāmine pauṣasaṁkrāntyā<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>m udakapūrvvaṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ṛddhaye tām<surplus>b</surplus>raśāsanenā<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>candrārkasamakālopabhogārthaṁ pratipādita Ity</p> <p>avagatyāsya vidhe<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>yatayā samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhir bhavadbhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sukhaṁ prat<unclear>i</unclear><lb n="2v2" break="no"/>vasta<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yam iti<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yat<unclear>e</unclear></p>

<l n="a">bhūm<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice><lb n="2v3" break="no"/>pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta</l>

<l n="b">hṛtvā mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṁ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sā<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>T</l>

<l n="c">Etad <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>va<space type="binding-hole"/>yaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>m</l>

<l n="d">ā<supplied reason="omitted">yu</supplied>s tathā kuruta ya<lb n="2v5" break="no"/>d bhavatām abh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣṭa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l></lg>

<l n="ab">rakṣāpālanayos tāvat pha<surplus>ṁ</surplus>laṁ sugat<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice><lb n="2v6" break="no"/>durggat<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></l>

<l n="cd">ko nāma svarggam u<choice><orig>cchri</orig><reg>tsṛ</reg></choice>jya naraka<unclear>ṁ</unclear> pratipadyate<g type="dandaPlain"/></l></lg>

<p><choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yāsagī<lb n="2v7" break="no"/>tāṁś cāt<surplus>t</surplus>ra ślokān udāharanti</p>

<l n="a">Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇaṁ</l>

<l n="b"><pb n="3r"/><lb n="3r1"/>bhūr vvaiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice> sūryyasutāś ca gāvaḥ</l>

<l n="c">datt<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>s trayas tena bhavanti lokā</l>

<l n="d">ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <lb n="3r2"/>k<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ñ ca dadyāT</l></lg>

<l n="ab">ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge mo<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>dati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd">Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT</l></lg>

<l n="ab">ba<lb n="3r4" break="no"/>hubhir vasu<space type="binding-hole"/>dhā dattā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ</l>

<l n="cd">yasya yasya yadā bhūmi<lb n="3r5" break="no"/><supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadattāṁ paradattām <choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira</l>

<l n="cd">mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <lb n="3r6"/>mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied> śreyo 'nupālana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

<p>pravarddhamānavijayarājye<lb n="3r7"/>sam<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>atsare dvāvi<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śe pauṣaprathamapakṣaṣaṣṭhyām aṅkenāpi saṁ<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>aT <num value="22">20 2</num> puṣya<pb n="3v"/><lb n="3v1"/>dina <num value="6">6</num><g type="dandaPlain"/></p></div></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

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<lem>°vijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣu°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">°vijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣu°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°sa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>mbhavaḥ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">°sambhavaḥ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°sa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>mbhavaḥ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°pittṛ°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°pittṛ°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°sannidhāttṛ°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">°sannidhāt<surplus>t</surplus>ṛ°</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°sa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nnidhāt<surplus>t</surplus>ṛ°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°opajīvina<unclear>ḥ</unclear></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">°opajīv<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>na<unclear>ḥ</unclear></rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°opajīv<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>na<unclear>ḥ</unclear></rdg>

</app>

<lem>°sagottra°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">°sagottra°</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°sagotra°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°pittror</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">°pittror</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°pitror</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">prati°</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">phalaṁ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sugat<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">sugati°</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">sugat<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>°</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">cātra</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sutāś ca gāvaḥ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">sutāś ca gāvaḥ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">sutā gāvaḥ</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">dattās</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sagarādibhiḥ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">sagarādibhiḥ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">s<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>garādibhiḥ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sam<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>atsare</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01">sam<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>atsare</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">samvatsare</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-2r2">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Śarkkarāpāṭaka situated in the Lāyoḍḍaka <foreign>viṣaya</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service and other <supplied reason="subaudible">local council</supplied>, headed by the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>, and to the residents <supplied reason="subaudible">of the village</supplied> with their headman:</p>

<p n="2r2-2r7">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to <foreign>bhaṭṭa</foreign> Trivikramasvāmin, belonging to the Bharadvāja <foreign>gotra</foreign> and to the Chāndoga <supplied reason="subaudible">school</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">took place</supplied> on the occasion of a <foreign>saṁkrānti</foreign> in the month of Pauṣa <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.</p>

<p n="2r7-2v2">Having taken note of that, you should render the proper prescribed <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings, produce, and the like to to the donee, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>

<p n="2v2-2v5" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>

<p n="2v5-2v6" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>

<p n="2v6-2v7">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="2v7-3r2" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>

<p n="3r2-3r3" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r3-3r5" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r5-3r6" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>

<p n="3r6-3v1"><supplied reason="subaudible">The copperplate charter has been engraved</supplied> on the sixth day of the first half of the month of Pauṣa in the twenty-second year of the increasingly victorious reign <supplied reason="subaudible">of Śivagupta</supplied>. In numbers: Year 22, <supplied reason="subaudible">Month</supplied> Pauṣa, Day 6.</p></div></div>

</div>

<p>First edited by Mirashi and Pandeya <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Mirashi+Pandeya1963-1964_01"/></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>124-127</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Mirashi and Pandeya).</p>

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