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10 <titleStmt>
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· <resp>Creation of file</resp>
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15 <forename>Jens Christian</forename>
· <surname>Thomas</surname>
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20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
· <persName ref="part:jeth">
· <forename>Jens Christian</forename>
· <surname>Thomas</surname>
· </persName>
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· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
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30 <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSTelugu00040</idno>
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· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Jens Christian Thomas.</p>
35 </licence>
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45 <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
· agreement no 809994).</p>
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70 <lb n="1"/>svasti śrimaN vijayāditya-sa<supplied reason="undefined">tyāśra</supplied>ya-śri-prithivi-bhallabha-mahārā<lb n="2" break="no"/>ja-Athirāja-paramēśvara-<unclear>bha</unclear>ṭāraḷa vijayarājya-saṁva<supplied reason="omitted">tsa</supplied>raṁbu
· <lb n="3"/>prathama-r<choice><sic>ē</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>jya<supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied>buna rēṇḍ-agun ēṇḍu vaṇarājuL vaṁga<supplied reason="omitted">nū</supplied>ru<lb n="4" break="no"/>viṣaya<supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied>bu Ēḷa v<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ri p<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ḷa caḷki ḷēnṟurājula niṭuru paṭu
· <lb n="5"/>gana Ēḷucu gamuṇḍalli gōtra<supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied>buna vēḷāla-guṇḍiya pāṟa veneyaṟēgari<supplied reason="omitted">ki</supplied>
· <lb n="6"/>r<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>camānaṁbuna Ēbhadi maṟuntuṟlu Iccinadi dēni<lb n="7" break="no"/>ki sākṣi gōṇaya bōḷu kundābākaḷu vēdari bōḷu v<unclear>ē</unclear>laya<lb n="8" break="no"/>ṟuneduṁbālu paṭṭi gāpuḷu jan<unclear>n</unclear>a-p<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ṟu Ājjava-pāṟu
· <lb n="9"/>v<unclear>ē</unclear>rasāma<choice><orig><unclear>pa</unclear></orig><reg>pā</reg></choice>ṟu <unclear>va</unclear>ccamuḷu dēnik<unclear>i</unclear> vakra<unclear>ṁ</unclear>bu vaccuvāru pa<supplied reason="lost">ñ</supplied>ca<lb n="10" break="no"/>mahāpātaka-sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear>yuktul agu<surplus>ḷca</surplus>
75 </p>
· <p xml:lang="san-Latn">
· <lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="a">svadatt<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied><unclear>ṁ</unclear> paradatt<unclear>ā</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied> vā</l>
· <l n="b">yō harēt<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice> vasu<lb n="11"/>ndhar<supplied reason="omitted">āṁ</supplied></l>
80 <l n="c">ṣaṣ<choice><sic>thi</sic><corr>ṭi</corr></choice>-va<choice><sic>ruṣa</sic><corr>rṣa</corr></choice>sa<supplied reason="omitted">hasrāṇi</supplied></l>
· <l n="d"><supplied reason="omitted">viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kr̥miḥ</supplied></l>
· </lg>
· </p>
· </div>
85 <div type="apparatus">
· <listApp>
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>śrimaN</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">śrīmaN</rdg>
90 </app>
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>sa<supplied reason="undefined">tyāśra</supplied>ya</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">saṁya</rdg>
· <note>The scribe omitted one <foreign>akṣara</foreign> in the word <foreign>saṁvatsaraṁbu</foreign> of the same line, and he might therefore simply have forgotten two akṣaras in this word. There might be a chance, however, that it is sort of an abbreviated way of writing the <foreign>biruda</foreign>. The editors state in a footnote that <foreign>saṁya </foreign>has to be read <foreign>satyāśraya</foreign>.</note>
95 </app>
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>śri-prithivi-bhallabha</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">śrī-<choice><sic>pri</sic><corr>pr̥</corr></choice>thivī<choice><sic>bha</sic><corr>va</corr></choice>llabha</rdg>
· </app>
100 <app loc="1">
· <lem>mahārā<lb n="2" break="no"/>ja-Athirāja</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"><choice><sic>mā</sic><corr>ma</corr></choice>h<unclear>ā</unclear>rā<lb n="2" break="no"/>ja-Adhirāja</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="2">
105 <lem>saṁva<supplied reason="omitted">tsa</supplied>raṁbu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">saṁvarabuṁ</rdg>
· <note>In many cases the <foreign>ansuvāra</foreign> is written on top of the <foreign>akṣara</foreign> it is supposed to be pronounced before instead of after in Telugu inscriptions. It is noteworthy, that the first <foreign>anusvāra </foreign>is written on top of the ⟨sa⟩ and the second on top of the ⟨bu⟩ in this word; but the second <foreign>akṣara</foreign> has to be read ⟨ṁbu⟩. The same occurs with ⟨ṁbu⟩ in line six. The editors state in a footnote that the word has to be read <foreign>saṁvatsaraṁbu</foreign>.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="3">
110 <lem>r<choice><sic>ē</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>jya<supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied>buna</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">rājyabuna</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="3">
· <lem>vaṇarājuL</lem>
115 <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"><choice><sic>va</sic><corr>vā</corr></choice>ṇarājuL</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="3">
· <lem>vaṁga<supplied reason="omitted">nū</supplied>ru</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">vagaṁru</rdg>
120 <note>The <foreign>anusvāra</foreign> is written on top of the ⟨ga⟩ but pronounced before this <foreign>akṣara</foreign> as is often the case in Telugu inscriptions; the reading <foreign>vaṁga</foreign> is furthermore secured by other inscriptions (see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"/><citedRange unit="page">334</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">56 B</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">3</citedRange></bibl>). The editors state in a footnote that the word has to be read as <foreign>vaṁganūru</foreign>. Regarding the misspellings in line 2 and line 1 (if it is not an abbreviation) a further slip at this spot is possible as well.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="4">
· <lem>p<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ḷa</lem>
· <note>This word may be connected with skt. <foreign>pāla</foreign>-. It occurs in a few other Telugu inscriptions.</note>
125 </app>
· <app loc="4">
· <lem>ḷēnṟurājula</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">ḷenṟurājula </rdg>
· <note>The length of the vowel is rather probable since the structure of the first compound member seems to be a result of the typical metathesis in Telugu, i.e. ḷē- from *iḷa or *eḷV plus the Telugu ending -nṟu; the cognate may be Kannaḍa <foreign>eḷa</foreign> 'tenderness, youth' (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Kittel1894_01"/><citedRange unit="page">284</citedRange></bibl>), e.g. in <foreign>eḷa-arasar</foreign> 'prince' (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Gai1946_01"/><citedRange unit="page">179</citedRange></bibl> referring to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Rice1905_01"/><citedRange unit="page">2</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">7</citedRange></bibl>) that represents the same construction as <foreign>ḷēnṟu-rāju</foreign>. The title also appears in at least two other inscriptions (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"/><citedRange unit="page">333</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">56 A</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">4</citedRange></bibl> and <bibl><ptr target="bib:Panchamukhi1940_03"/><citedRange unit="page">98</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">23-24</citedRange></bibl>).</note>
130 </app>
· <app loc="4">
· <lem>niṭuru paṭu
· <lb n="5"/>gana</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">niṭ<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>ru paṭu
135 <lb n="5"/><choice><orig>gana</orig><reg>gānu</reg></choice></rdg>
· <note>The auslauting -a could be a spelling mistake but could also represent the so-called 'emphatic particle' if it was a linguistic reality (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Sastri1969_01"/><citedRange unit="page">260</citedRange></bibl>).</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="5">
· <lem> gōtra<supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied>buna</lem>
140 <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">gōtraṁbuna</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="5">
· <lem>veneyaṟēgari<supplied reason="omitted">ki</supplied></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">venaya-ṟeṁgari<supplied reason="omitted">ki</supplied></rdg>
145 <note>The name seems to go back to *veni-ay(y)a-ṟē-gāru (confer similar instances where *Xi-ay(y)a is realized as Xey(y)a as in <foreign>bādeyya</foreign> (<bibl><ptr target="bib:RamayyaPantulu1948_01"/><citedRange unit="page">329</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">598</citedRange></bibl>); this realization is one of several options). The element ṟē- is the result of the Telugu metathesis and corresponds to Kannaḍa eṟe 'ruler'. As for the first element *veni- compare <foreign><unclear>vi</unclear>ni<lb n="22" break="no"/>yaṇa</foreign> (<bibl><ptr target="bib:NilakantaSastri+Venkataramayya1947-1948_01"/><citedRange unit="page">234-236</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">42G</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">21-22</citedRange></bibl>). Both elements <hi rend="italic">may</hi> go back to Telugu <foreign>vinu</foreign> 'sky'.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="6">
· <lem>maṟuntuṟlu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">maṟuttuṟlu</rdg>
150 </app>
· <app loc="7">
· <lem>v<unclear>ē</unclear>laya<lb n="8" break="no"/>ṟuneduṁbālu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">valaya<lb n="8" break="no"/>ṟu neḍu-b<unclear>ō</unclear>lu</rdg>
· <note>The editors supply a <foreign>daṇḍa</foreign> after this name obviously to indicate the conclusion of a section. The inscription clearly shows ⟨bā⟩ (one may also compare ⟨bō⟩ of line 7). It is therefore questionable whether <foreign>bōlu</foreign> is really meant here since it would also deviate from the spelling in the other occurences. The expression <foreign>paṭṭi gāpuḷu</foreign> denotes 'the farmers of the village' which could be referred to e. g. the village that the inscription was issued in. On the other hand, it may refer to what is written before. The element vēla- or vela- occurs in composition with -nāṇḍu in several inscriptions, yaṟu- is attested at least once with -nela (ya<unclear>ṟu</unclear>nelala (<bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"/><citedRange unit="page">331-332</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">1014</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">7</citedRange></bibl>)), and niduṁbaṟu (edited as nidubaṁṟu) appears as a place name in a Sanskrit inscription (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1891_03"/><citedRange unit="page"/></bibl>). It may be noted that the <foreign>akṣara</foreign> ⟨ḍu⟩ could also be read ⟨du⟩ because the difference is minute to non-existing, the regular ⟨da⟩ characters having a round belly while this <foreign>akṣara</foreign> in question being a little bit rectangular, a subscript ⟨ḍa⟩ in line 3 being quite rectangular as well. On the other hand, another subscript ⟨°ḍa⟩ of this inscription is round (line 5) while a ⟨da⟩ in line 11 is also a little bit rectangular.The question remains, however, whether these elements, insofar as they represent the counterparts of the elements in this inscription, could form a place name together that, indeed, would be quite long.</note>
155 </app>
· <app loc="8">
· <lem>jan<unclear>n</unclear>a-p<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ṟu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">janna-pāṟu</rdg>
· </app>
160 <app loc="9">
· <lem>v<unclear>ē</unclear>rasāma<choice><orig><unclear>pa</unclear></orig><reg>pā</reg></choice>ṟu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">varasām<unclear>i</unclear>-pāṟu</rdg>
· <note>The editors' reading represents a Prakrit form of Sanskrit <foreign>varasvāmī</foreign> or <foreign>parasvāmī</foreign> and might be what was intended.</note>
· </app>
165 <app loc="9">
· <lem><unclear>va</unclear>ccamuḷu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">vaccamuḷu</rdg>
· <note>The ambiguity in reading the first <foreign>akṣara</foreign> results from its being very close to ⟨ṭa⟩, ⟨ḍa⟩, ⟨da⟩, or a slightly damaged ⟨va⟩ in this inscription.</note>
· </app>
170 <app loc="9">
· <lem>dēnik<unclear>i</unclear> vakra<unclear>ṁ</unclear>bu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">dēniki vakrabu</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="9">
175 <lem>pa<supplied reason="lost">ñ</supplied>ca°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">pañca°</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="10">
· <lem>agu<surplus>ḷca</surplus></lem>
180 <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">aguḷcu</rdg>
· <note>As to my knowledge, there is no grammatical option to integrate ⟨ḷcu⟩ into the verbal form. It therefore must be seen as yet another lapsus of the scribe.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="10">
· <lem>ṣaṣ<choice><sic>thi</sic><corr>ṭi</corr></choice>-va<choice><sic>ruṣa</sic><corr>rṣa</corr></choice></lem>
185 <rdg source="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04">ṣaṣ<choice><sic>thi</sic><corr>ṭi</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>-va<choice><sic>ruṣa</sic><corr>rṣa</corr></choice></rdg>
· <note>The standard appearance of the verse contains the multiplicativum <foreign>ṣaṣṭis</foreign> 'sixty times'. Yet, in the standard spelling a consonant is doubled after a <foreign>repha</foreign>. Hence, there is a certain chance that the scribe wrote <foreign>ṣaṣṭi-varṣasahasrāṇi</foreign> 'sixty year-thousands'.</note>
· </app>
· </listApp>
· </div>
190 <div type="translation" resp="part:jeth">
·
· </div>
· <div type="commentary">
· <p>
195 The scribe did not differentiate between long ⟨°ī⟩ and short ⟨°i⟩. Since this could reflect an actual indifference towards distinguishing vowel length in pronunctiation in this respect, the text was not "normalized". In the scribe's ductus the <foreign>akṣaras</foreign> ⟨da⟩ and ⟨ṭa⟩ look alike. He further does not differentiate between ⟨dha⟩ and ⟨tha⟩ both of which are written with a dot in the middle.
· A <foreign>viṣaya</foreign> or <foreign>nāṇḍu</foreign> with the name <foreign>vaṁganūr</foreign> is mentioned (and written clearly) in <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Desai1949-1950_01"/><citedRange unit="item">14</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">2</citedRange></bibl> and also mentioned in <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:RamayyaPantulu1948_01"/><citedRange unit="item">604</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">2</citedRange></bibl>. The place name consists of the elements <foreign>vaṁgan(V)</foreign> and <foreign>ūru</foreign> "village"; the first element could go back to Telugu <foreign>vaṁka</foreign> "crooked", compare Kannaḍa <foreign>vaṁka</foreign> "the winding course of a stream" (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Kittel1894_01"/><citedRange unit="page">1370</citedRange></bibl>), with locative suffix. Hence, the place name could mean "village at the river curve". The modern village <foreign>Vaṁganūr</foreign> actually is situated at a curve of the Pennar river. It might hence be possible that the <foreign>viṣaya</foreign> was also simply called <foreign>vaṁgana</foreign> "at the river curve" (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"/><citedRange unit="item">56 B</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">3</citedRange></bibl>) if it wasn't really <foreign>vaṁganūr</foreign>. The attested <foreign>vaṁgaru</foreign> on the other hand (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"/><citedRange unit="item">56 C</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">3</citedRange></bibl>) very probably is a misspelling for <foreign>vaṁganūru</foreign> because of etymological reasons.
·
·
·
200 As for the place name <foreign>kundābākaḷu</foreign>, a <foreign>bāka-nāṇḍu</foreign> is mentioned in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Desai1949-1950_01"/><citedRange unit="page">67-70</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">12</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">2-3</citedRange></bibl>.
· The inscription stops after the first third of line 11 although the imprecation verse is not completed and plenty of space is still left. It is possible that the inscription originally continued in the next line but regarding the flaws that the scribe seems to be responsible for it is also possible that he simply forgot to complete his task.
· </p>
· </div>
· <div type="bibliography">
205 <p>
· The inscription was noted in A. R. No. B 10 of 1959-1960 and first published by K. V. Ramesh and S. S. Ramachandra Murthy with annotations and a picture (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"/><citedRange unit="page">334-335</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">56 C</citedRange></bibl>).
· </p>
· <listBibl type="secondary">
· <bibl>A. R. No. B 10 of 1959-1960</bibl>
210 <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramesh+RamachandraMurthy1969-1970_04"/><citedRange unit="page">334-335</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">56 C</citedRange></bibl>
· </listBibl>
· </div>
· </body>
· </text>
215</TEI>
Commentary
The scribe did not differentiate between long ⟨°ī⟩ and short ⟨°i⟩. Since this could reflect an actual indifference towards distinguishing vowel length in pronunctiation in this respect, the text was not "normalized". In the scribe’s ductus the akṣaras ⟨da⟩ and ⟨ṭa⟩ look alike. He further does not differentiate between ⟨dha⟩ and ⟨tha⟩ both of which are written with a dot in the middle. A viṣaya or nāṇḍu with the name vaṁganūr is mentioned (and written clearly) in [1958] 1949–1950, № 14, l. 2 and also mentioned in 1948, № 604, l. 2. The place name consists of the elements vaṁgan(V) and ūru "village"; the first element could go back to Telugu vaṁka "crooked", compare Kannaḍa vaṁka "the winding course of a stream" (Kittel 1894, p. 1370), with locative suffix. Hence, the place name could mean "village at the river curve". The modern village Vaṁganūr actually is situated at a curve of the Pennar river. It might hence be possible that the viṣaya was also simply called vaṁgana "at the river curve" (Ramesh and Ramachandra Murthy 1969–1970, № 56 B, l. 3) if it wasn’t really vaṁganūr. The attested vaṁgaru on the other hand (Ramesh and Ramachandra Murthy 1969–1970, № 56 C, l. 3) very probably is a misspelling for vaṁganūru because of etymological reasons. As for the place name kundābākaḷu, a bāka-nāṇḍu is mentioned in Desai [1958] 1949–1950, pp. 67–70, № 12, ll. 2-3. The inscription stops after the first third of line 11 although the imprecation verse is not completed and plenty of space is still left. It is possible that the inscription originally continued in the next line but regarding the flaws that the scribe seems to be responsible for it is also possible that he simply forgot to complete his task.