Pātiliñjira grant of Mahābhavagupta year 11

Editor: Amandine Wattelier-Bricout.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSomavamsin00028.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Somavaṁśin (tfb-somavamsin-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-09-09 18:34 (0598937), last modified 2024-07-05 18:42 (412b985).

Edition

Logical
Physical
Full

Seal

⟨1⟩ śrī-mahābhavagupta⟨2⟩-rāja-devasya

Plate

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ Oṁ nama⟨ḥ⟩ śivāya|| svasti⟨.⟩ kisarakellā-samāvāsita-mahā-vijaya⟨2⟩-kaṭakāt parama-māheśvara-mātā-pitr̥-pādānudhyāta-mahārājādhirā⟨3⟩ja-parameśvara-parama-bhaṭṭāraka-somakula-tilaka-trikaliṅgādhipa⟨4⟩ti-śrī-mahābhavagupta-rāja-devaḥ kuśalī|| pr̥thurābhukty-anta⟨ḥ⟩-pā⟨5⟩tiliñjira-grāme brāhmaṇāN saṁpūjya tat-pratinivāsikuṭumbhinaḥ samā⟨6⟩hartr̥-sannidhā{r}tr̥-dāṇḍapāśika-cāṭa-bhaṭa-rājavalabhādi¿t sa?⟨n sa⟩rvvā⟨N⟩ samā⟨7⟩jñāpayati viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathasmābhis sanidhiḥ sopanidhi⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨8⟩ sadaśāparādho niṣaddha-cāṭa-bhaṭa-praveśaḥ sarvvopari⟨ka⟩⟨9⟩⟨ri⟩-karakarādāna-sameta⟨ḥ⟩ sarvvapīḍāparivarjjitaḥ kapi⟨Page 2r⟩⟨10⟩ṣṭhallagotrāya Ek¿ā?⟨a⟩rṣ¿e?⟨i⟩vaśiṣṭha-pravarāya maitrāy¿i?⟨a⟩ṇīśā⟨11⟩khādhyāyine madhya-deśa-madhuravinirggat¿a?⟨ā⟩⟨ya⟩ Ullakheṭavāsta⟨12⟩vya-bhaṭṭa-brāhmaṇāya cakradhara-sutāya siṁ{g}ha-saṅkrāntau mātā⟨13⟩pitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye salila{d}dhārāpuraḥsa⟨14⟩reṇacandratārakāka-kṣiti-talasamakāl¿o?⟨a⟩⟨m u⟩pabhoktu¿ntāmba?⟨ṁ tāmra⟩ ⟨15⟩ śāsanenākarīkr̥tya pratipādityo ’yam ity avagatya sa⟨16⟩mucita-bhogakarahiraṇyā⟨di⟩kam upanayadbhir bhavadbhiḥ ⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨17⟩ sukhena prativastvayam iti|| bhavibhiś ca bhūpati{r}bhir ddharmma-gau⟨18⟩ravād asm¿ā?⟨a⟩d-anurodhā¿sva?⟨c ca⟩ svadattir ivānupālanīyā tathā caiva⟨19⟩m paṭhyate dharmmaśāstre||

I. Anuṣṭubh

vahubhir vvasudhā dattā

rājabhiḥ saga⟨20⟩rādibhir

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya tadā pha⟨21⟩laṁ⟨.⟩

II. Anuṣṭubh

mā bhū{ḥ}d a-phala-śaṅkā vaḥ

para-dat⟨t⟩eti pā⟨r⟩thiv¿a?⟨āḥ⟩|

sva-dā ⟨22⟩ nāt phalam ānantyaṁ

para-dattānupālane⟨.⟩

III. Anuṣṭubh

bhūmiṁ yaḥ ⟨23⟩ pratigr̥hṇāti

yaś ca bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩m prayacchat¿ī?⟨i⟩

Ubhau tau ⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨24⟩ puṇya-karmmāṇau

n¿ā?⟨i⟩yat¿au?⟨aṁ⟩ svargga-gām¿ī?⟨i⟩nau||

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭim varṣa⟨25⟩-sahasrāṇ¿ī?⟨i⟩

svargge modati bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩daḥ

Ācchet{v}ā cānuma⟨26⟩ntā ca

tā¿verā?⟨ny eva⟩ narake vaseT||

V. Anuṣṭubh

suvarṇṇam ek¿a?⟨āṁ⟩ gām ekām

bhūmer apy a ⟨27⟩ rddham aṅgula¿n?⟨ṁ⟩

haran ⟨n⟩arakam āyāti

yāvad ābhūta-samplavaM||

VI. Indravajrā

⟨28⟩

Agner apatyam prathamaṁ suvarṇṇam

bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāv¿o?⟨aḥ⟩

⟨29⟩

dattās trayas tena bhavanti lok¿e?⟨āḥ⟩

ya¿ṣ?⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyā ⟨30⟩ t⟨.⟩

VII. Śālinī

sāmānyo’ya¿n?⟨ṁ⟩ dharma-settu⟨r⟩ nr̥pāṇāṁ

kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ

⟨31⟩ sarvvān{n} etā¿m?⟨n⟩ bhāv¿ī?⟨i⟩naḥ pa⟨r⟩thivendrā⟨N⟩||

bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadraḥ|

VIII. Puṣpitāgrā

⟨32⟩

Iti kamala-dalāmbu-vindu-lolā⟨ṁ⟩

śr¿ī?⟨i⟩yam anucintya manuṣya-jīvitañ ca

sa-ka⟨33⟩lam idam udāhr̥tañ ca vu⟨d⟩dhvā

na hi puruṣaiḥ parakīrttayo vilopy¿a?⟨āḥ⟩||✤||

pravarddhamā ⟨34⟩ na-vijayarājya-samvatsare ekādaśamo bhādrapadavadi{dī}na ⟨6⟩⟨.⟩ mahāsandh¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨vi⟩grahīka-śrī⟨35⟩-rudradattena devadattasya sutena Ayodhyā-pura-vinirggatena ⟨36⟩ {l}likh¿ī?⟨i⟩tam idaṁ śās¿ā?⟨a⟩na⟨M⟩||◯| yadi Ākṣara⟨ṁ⟩par¿ī?⟨i⟩bhraṣṭaṁ ⟨37⟩ mātrāhīn¿as?⟨ā⟩ tu yad ¿bhe?⟨bhaveT⟩ kṣāntamarahaśī⟨r⟩ vidvāṅsa kasya na ⟨38⟩ skhalate mana⟨ḥ⟩

Seal

⟨1⟩ śrī-mahābhavagupta-

⟨2⟩ -rāja-devasya

Plate⟨Page 1r⟩ 
⟨Page 1v⟩ 
⟨1⟩ Oṁ nama⟨ḥ⟩ śivāya|| svasti⟨.⟩ kisarakellā-samāvāsita-mahā-vijaya-
⟨2⟩ -kaṭakāt parama-māheśvara-mātā-pitr̥-pādānudhyāta-mahārājādhirā-
⟨3⟩ ja-parameśvara-parama-bhaṭṭāraka-somakula-tilaka-trikaliṅgādhipa-
⟨4⟩ ti-śrī-mahābhavagupta-rāja-devaḥ kuśalī|| pr̥thurābhukty-anta⟨ḥ⟩-pā-
⟨5⟩ tiliñjira-grāme brāhmaṇāN saṁpūjya tat-pratinivāsikuṭumbhinaḥ samā-
⟨6⟩ hartr̥-sannidhā{r}tr̥-dāṇḍapāśika-cāṭa-bhaṭa-rājavalabhādi¿t sa?⟨n sa⟩rvvā⟨N⟩ samā-
⟨7⟩ jñāpayati viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathasmābhis sanidhiḥ sopanidhi⟨ḥ⟩
⟨8⟩ sadaśāparādho niṣaddha-cāṭa-bhaṭa-praveśaḥ sarvvopari⟨ka⟩-
⟨9⟩ ⟨ri⟩-karakarādāna-sameta⟨ḥ⟩ sarvvapīḍāparivarjjitaḥ kapi-
⟨Page 2r⟩ 
⟨10⟩ ṣṭhallagotrāya Ek¿ā?⟨a⟩rṣ¿e?⟨i⟩vaśiṣṭha-pravarāya maitrāy¿i?⟨a⟩ṇīśā-
⟨11⟩ khādhyāyine madhya-deśa-madhuravinirggat¿a?⟨ā⟩⟨ya⟩ Ullakheṭavāsta-
⟨12⟩ vya-bhaṭṭa-brāhmaṇāya cakradhara-sutāya siṁ{g}ha-saṅkrāntau mātā-
⟨13⟩ pitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye salila{d}dhārāpuraḥsa-
⟨14⟩ reṇacandratārakāka-kṣiti-talasamakāl¿o?⟨a⟩⟨m u⟩pabhoktu¿ntāmba?⟨ṁ tāmra⟩
⟨15⟩ śāsanenākarīkr̥tya pratipādityo ’yam ity avagatya sa-
⟨16⟩ mucita-bhogakarahiraṇyā⟨di⟩kam upanayadbhir bhavadbhiḥ 
⟨Page 2v⟩ 
⟨17⟩ sukhena prativastvayam iti|| bhavibhiś ca bhūpati{r}bhir ddharmma-gau-
⟨18⟩ ravād asm¿ā?⟨a⟩d-anurodhā¿sva?⟨c ca⟩ svadattir ivānupālanīyā tathā caiva-
⟨19⟩ m paṭhyate dharmmaśāstre||  vahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhiḥ saga-
⟨20⟩ rādibhir yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā pha-
⟨21⟩ laṁ⟨.⟩   mā bhū{ḥ}d a-phala-śaṅkā vaḥ para-dat⟨t⟩eti pā⟨r⟩thiv¿a?⟨āḥ⟩| sva-dā
⟨22⟩ nāt phalam ānantyaṁ para-dattānupālane⟨.⟩   bhūmiṁ yaḥ
⟨23⟩ pratigr̥hṇāti yaś ca bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩m prayacchat¿ī?⟨i⟩ Ubhau tau 
⟨Page 3r⟩ 
⟨24⟩ puṇya-karmmāṇau n¿ā?⟨i⟩yat¿au?⟨aṁ⟩ svar◯gga-gām¿ī?⟨i⟩nau||   ṣaṣṭim varṣa-
⟨25⟩ -sahasrāṇ¿ī?⟨i⟩ svargge modati◯ bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩daḥ Ācchet{v}ā cānuma-
⟨26⟩ ntā ca tā¿verā?⟨ny eva⟩ narake vaseT||   suvarṇṇam ek¿a?⟨āṁ⟩ gām ekām bhūmer apy a
⟨27⟩ rddham aṅgula¿n?⟨ṁ⟩ haran ⟨n⟩arakam āyāti yāvad ābhūta-samplavaM||   
⟨28⟩ Agner apatyam prathamaṁ suvarṇṇam bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāv¿o?⟨aḥ⟩ 
⟨29⟩ dattās trayas tena bhavanti lok¿e?⟨āḥ⟩ ya¿ṣ?⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyā
⟨30⟩ t⟨.⟩  sāmānyo’ya¿n?⟨ṁ⟩ dharma-settu⟨r⟩ nr̥pāṇāṁ kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ 
⟨31⟩ sarvvān{n} etā¿m?⟨n⟩ bhāv¿ī?⟨i⟩naḥ pa⟨r⟩thivendrā⟨N⟩|| bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadraḥ|   
⟨32⟩ Iti kamala-dalāmbu-vindu-lolā⟨ṁ⟩ śr¿ī?⟨i⟩yam anucintya manuṣya-jīvitañ ca sa-ka-
⟨33⟩ lam idam udāhr̥tañ ca vu⟨d⟩dhvā na hi puruṣaiḥ parakīrttayo vilopy¿a?⟨āḥ⟩||✤||  pravarddhamā
⟨34⟩ na-vijayarājya-samvatsare ekādaśamo bhādrapadavadi{dī}na ⟨6⟩⟨.⟩ mahāsandh¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨vi⟩grahīka-śrī-
⟨35⟩ -rudradattena devadattasya sutena Ayodhyā-pura-vinirggatena
⟨36⟩ {l}likh¿ī?⟨i⟩tam idaṁ śās¿ā?⟨a⟩na⟨M⟩||◯| yadi Ākṣara⟨ṁ⟩par¿ī?⟨i⟩bhraṣṭaṁ
⟨37⟩ mātrāhīn¿as?⟨ā⟩ tu yad ¿bhe?⟨bhaveT⟩ kṣāntamarahaśī⟨r⟩ vidvāṅsa kasya na
⟨38⟩ skhalate mana⟨ḥ⟩  

Seal

⟨1⟩ śrī-mahābhavagupta⟨2⟩-rāja-devasya

Plate

⟨Page 1r⟩

I. Anuṣṭubh

vahubhir vvasudhā dattā

rājabhiḥ saga⟨20⟩rādibhir

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya tadā pha⟨21⟩laṁ⟨.⟩

II. Anuṣṭubh

mā bhū{ḥ}d a-phala-śaṅkā vaḥ

para-dat⟨t⟩eti pā⟨r⟩thiv¿a?⟨āḥ⟩|

sva-dā ⟨22⟩ nāt phalam ānantyaṁ

para-dattānupālane⟨.⟩

III. Anuṣṭubh

bhūmiṁ yaḥ ⟨23⟩ pratigr̥hṇāti

yaś ca bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩m prayacchat¿ī?⟨i⟩

Ubhau tau ⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨24⟩ puṇya-karmmāṇau

n¿ā?⟨i⟩yat¿au?⟨aṁ⟩ svar◯gga-gām¿ī?⟨i⟩nau||

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭim varṣa⟨25⟩-sahasrāṇ¿ī?⟨i⟩

svargge modati◯ bhūm¿ī?⟨i⟩daḥ

Ācchet{v}ā cānuma⟨26⟩ntā ca

tā¿verā?⟨ny eva⟩ narake vaseT||

V. Anuṣṭubh

suvarṇṇam ek¿a?⟨āṁ⟩ gām ekām

bhūmer apy a ⟨27⟩ rddham aṅgula¿n?⟨ṁ⟩

haran ⟨n⟩arakam āyāti

yāvad ābhūta-samplavaM||

VI. Indravajrā

⟨28⟩

Agner apatyam prathamaṁ suvarṇṇam

bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāv¿o?⟨aḥ⟩

⟨29⟩

dattās trayas tena bhavanti lok¿e?⟨āḥ⟩

ya¿ṣ?⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyā ⟨30⟩ t⟨.⟩

VII. Śālinī

sāmānyo’ya¿n?⟨ṁ⟩ dharma-settu⟨r⟩ nr̥pāṇāṁ

kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ

⟨31⟩ sarvvān{n} etā¿m?⟨n⟩ bhāv¿ī?⟨i⟩naḥ pa⟨r⟩thivendrā⟨N⟩||

bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadraḥ|

VIII. Puṣpitāgrā

⟨32⟩

Iti kamala-dalāmbu-vindu-lolā⟨ṁ⟩

śr¿ī?⟨i⟩yam anucintya manuṣya-jīvitañ ca

sa-ka⟨33⟩lam idam udāhr̥tañ ca vu⟨d⟩dhvā

na hi puruṣaiḥ parakīrttayo vilopy¿a?⟨āḥ⟩||✤||

Apparatus

⟨24⟩ n¿ā?⟨i⟩yat¿au?⟨aṁ⟩ ⬦ n¿ī?⟨i⟩yat¿au?⟨aṁ⟩ S. — ⟨24⟩ svargga° ⬦ svarga S. — ⟨24⟩ ṣaṣṭim va° ⬦ ṣaṣṭhiṁ va° S.

⟨26⟩ tā¿verā?⟨ny eva⟩ ⬦ tā¿veva?⟨ny eva⟩ S. — ⟨26⟩ ek¿a?⟨āṁ⟩ gām ekām bhū° ⬦ ekāṁ gām ekāṁ bhū S.

⟨27⟩ ābhūta ⬦ āhūta S.

⟨28⟩ suvarṇṇam ⬦ suvarṇṇaṁ S.

⟨30⟩ dharma° ⬦ dharmma° S.

English translation draft

Seal

Of the Lord Mahābhavagupta, the divine king

Plates

(1) Homage to Śiva!

(1–4) Hail! From his glorious and victorious camp situated at Kisarakellā, the divine king, the prosperous (kuśalī) Mahārājādhirāja, the great lord (parameśvara) Paramabhaṭṭāraka, lord (śrī) Mahābhavagupta, the forehead ornament of the Soma dynasty (or lunar race), lord of Trikaliṅga (tr̥kaliṅgādhipati) favored by his revered mother and father, devout worshippers of Maheśvara,

(4–7) worshipped the Brāhmaṇas in the village Pātiliñjira included in the province Pr̥thurā and informed the householders dwelling there, all of them beginning with the samāhartr̥ (tax collector), the sannidhātr̥ (the receiver of stolen goods), the policemen (dāṇḍapāśika), the soldiers (cāṭa-bhaṭa), as well as the favorites of the king (rājavallabha) as follows:

(7–15) Be it known by you that this [grant] by us has been given (pratipādityo; line 15) with its treasures (nidhi) and its deposits (upanidhi), with the fines for the ten offences, preserved from the entrance of soldiers (cāṭa-bhaṭa), with all the supplementary receipts, without any obstacles, to Cakradhara’s son, a noble brahmin belonging to the Kapiṣṭhalla gotra, the best (pravara) among the descendants of the unique sage Vaśiṣṭha, issued from the Maitrāyaṇī school, an immigrant from Madhura [situated in] Madhyadeśa, on the occasion of the entrance of the sun into the constellation siṁha and in order to increase the merit and fame of my two parents, as well as my own one, and this, accompanied by libations [as permanent endowment] to be enjoyed in perpetuity as long as the moon, the sun and the stars [will last], after having edicted [decision] by a copper plate

(15–18) After having considered this (iti), thanks to our acquisition, the enjoyments, the parts, the taxes, the gold etc… should easily remain appropriate and the future kings must protect this gift of Us out of the respect of Dharma and out of Our consideration as it was their own gift.

(18–19) Thus, it is taught in the Dharmaśāstra:

I

Land has been given by several kings beginning with Sagara. Whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.¹

II

Have no doubt about the fruit of what is given by another, o sons of Pr̥thu, the fruit is eternal both for him who gives in person and for him who protects what is given by another.²

III

The one who receives a land and the one who offers a land, both of them are men with meritorious deeds who are surely going to heaven.³

IV

The giver of land enjoys sixty thousand years in heaven; the one who challenges [a donation] as well as the one who approves [this act] will reside as many [years] in hell.⁴

V

The one who steals a single cow, one piece of gold or a half aṅgula of land will stay in hells up to the dissolution of the created things.⁵

VI

Gold is Agni’s first born son, Earth Viṣṇu’s wife and cows Sun’s daughters; the one who gives gold, cows and land, the worlds belongs to him by these three kinds of gifts.⁶

VII

Rāmacandra repeatedly implores all these future kings: this bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it.⁷

VIII

Having considered that fortune and human life were as transient as a drop of water on a lotus petal, and having thought that the entire world is an illustration, let the glorious acts performed by others not be destroyed by men.⁸

(33–36) It was on the sixth day of the dark fortnight of the month Bhādrapada during the eleventh year of the victorious reign that this edict was written by Lord Mahāsandhivigrahika Rudradatta, son of Devadatta, emigrated from Ayodhyāpura.

(36–38) If letters have been forgotten or measures are missing, may this prayer without metric measures make a public apology, O wise men, what mind has never failed?

Ébauche de traduction française

Sceau

De Sa Majesté, le divin roi Mahābhavagupta

Plaques

(1) Hommage à Śiva!

(1–4) Salutations ! Depuis son glorieux et victorieux champ de bataille établi à Kisarakellā, le divin roi, le prospère (kuśalī) Mahārājādhirāja, son éminence (parameśvara) Paramabhaṭṭāraka, Sa Majesté (śrī) Mahābhavagupta, le fleuron de la dynastie Soma (ou de la dynastie lunaire), seigneur du Trikaliṅga (tr̥kaliṅgādhipati) considéré avec faveur par Ses respectés père et mère, fervents dévots de Maheśvara,

(4–7) après avoir honoré les brahmanes du village nommé Pātiliñjira situé dans la province de Pr̥thurā, il instruisit tous les propriétaires résidant en ces lieux en commençant par les collecteurs d’impôts (samāhartr̥), les percepteurs (saṁnidhārtr̥), les policiers (dāṇḍapāśika), les soldats (cāṭa-bhaṭa) ainsi que les proches du roi de la sorte:

(7–15) Que cela soit porté à votre connaissance: ceci (cette donation), avec et ses dépôts et ses trésors, avec les amendes pour les dix infractions, avec l’interdiction d’intrusion militaire, avec ses prélèvements supplémentaires, sans aucune restriction, je le donne au fils de Cakradhara un noble brahmane appartenant au gotra Kapiṣṭhalla, le meilleur parmi les descendants de l’unique sage Vaśiṣṭha, issu de l’école Maitrāyaṇī, émigré originaire de Madhura situé dans le Madhyadeśa, et ce, à l’occasion de l’entrée du soleil dans la constellation du lion (siṁha) et afin d’augmenter le mérite et la gloire de mon père et de ma mère, ainsi que le mien, avec les libations rituelles en tant que donation dont on pourra jouir à perpétuité aussi longtemps que le lune, le soleil et les étoiles existeront, après l’avoir décrété cette décision grâce à une plaque de cuivre.

(15–18) Après avoir considéré ceci, grâce à notre acquisition, les récoltes, les dus, les impôts, l’or etc… resteront appropriés facilement et les futurs rois devront protéger ce don fait par nous par considération du Dharma et par respect pour nous, et ce, comme s’il s’agissait de leur propre donation.

(18–19) Ainsi est-enseigné dans le Dharmaśāstra:

I

Des terres ont été données par des centaines de rois à commencer par Sagara. C’est à celui qu’appartient ces terres à un moment donné, que revient le bénéfice.⁹

II

N’ayez aucun doute sur le bénéfice retiré de ce qui est donné par un autre, ô fils de Pr̥thu, le bénéfice est éternel aussi bien pour celui qui donne que pour celui qui protège ce qui est donné par un autre.¹⁰

III

Celui qui reçoit un don de terre et celui qui l’offre, tous deux sont des hommes aux actes méritoires qui sans aucun doute iront au ciel.¹¹

IV

Celui qui donne des terres se réjouit durant soixante mille ans aux cieux, mais celui qui consteste [un don] ou celui qui approuve [cette contestation] séjournera aussi longtemps en enfer.¹²

V

Celui qui se saisirait d’une seule vache, d’une seule pièce d’or ou de la moitié d’un aṅgula de terre, séjournera aux enfers jusqu’à la dissolution du monde.¹³

VI

L’Or est le premier fils né d’Agni, la Terre est l’épouse Viṣṇu et les vaches sont les filles du Soleil; celui qui donne de l’or, des vaches et des terres, par ces trois sortes de dons les mondes lui appartiennent.¹⁴

VII

À de nombreuses reprises, Rāmacandra a exhorté les rois futurs [en ces termes] : ce pont du Dharma commun à tous les rois, vous devez toujours le protéger.¹⁵

VIII

Ayant considéré que fortune et vie humaine sont aussi éphémères qu’une goutte d’eau sur un pétale de lotus et que le monde entier n’est qu’une représentation, ne laissons pas des hommes détruire les actes glorieux accomplis par d’autres.¹⁶

(33–36) C’est au sixième jour de la quinzaine sombre du mois Bhādrapada durant la onzième année du règne victorieux que cet édit fut écrit par le seigneur Mahāsandhivigrahika Rudradatta, fils de Devadatta, émigré d’Ayodhyāpura.

(36–38) Si des lettres ont été oubliées ou que des mesures manquent, puisse cette prière sans mesure métrique faire amende honorable, ô sages, quel esprit n’a-t-il jamais failli?

Commentary

According to Tripathy 2010, n. 390, p. 131, Kisarakellā seems to correspond with “the modern village Kesarakela about 6 miles to the east of Bolangir in the Bolangir district”.

Bibliography

Primary

[P] Pandeya, L. P. 1933–1934. “The Mahākosala Historical Society's plates of Mahābhavagupta Rājadeva.” Epigraphia Indica 22, pp. 135–138.

[R] Rajaguru, Satyanarayan. 1966. Inscriptions of Orissa, vol. 4. No place: Sri Sarada Press. [URL]. Item 33, pages 212–217.

[S] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Item XXIV, pages 296–302.

Secondary

Acharya, Subrata Kumar. 2014. Copper-plate inscriptions of Odisha: a descriptive catalogue (circa fourth century to sixteenth century CE). New Delhi: D. K. Printworld. Page 226.

Notes

1. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 23 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
2. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 85 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
3. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 29 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
4. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 123 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
5. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 55 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
6. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 5 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
7. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 117 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
8. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 71 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
9. Ce vers correspond au vers 23 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
10. Ce vers correspond au vers 85 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
11. Ce vers correspond au vers 29 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
12. Ce vers correspond au vers 123 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
13. Ce vers correspond au vers 55 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
14. Ce vers correspond au vers 5 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
15. Ce vers correspond au vers 117 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
16. Ce vers correspond au vers 71 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).

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<lb n="1"/>Oṁ nama<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śivāya<g type="ddanda">.</g> svasti<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied> kisarakellā-samāvāsita-mahā-vijaya<lb n="2" break="no"/>-kaṭakāt <roleName>parama-māheśvara</roleName>-mātā-pitr̥-pādānudhyāta-<roleName>mahārājādhirā<lb n="3" break="no"/>ja</roleName>-<roleName>parameśvara</roleName>-<roleName>parama-bhaṭṭāraka</roleName>-somakula-tilaka-<roleName>trikaliṅgādhipa<lb n="4" break="no"/>ti</roleName>-<roleName>śrī</roleName>-<persName type="king" subtype="coronation">mahābhavagupta</persName>-<roleName>rāja-devaḥ</roleName> kuśalī<g type="ddanda">.</g> pr̥thurābhukty-anta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied>-pā<lb n="5" break="no"/>tiliñjira-grāme brāhmaṇāN saṁpūjya tat-pratinivāsikuṭumbhinaḥ samā<lb n="6" break="no"/>hartr̥-sannidhā<surplus>r</surplus>tr̥-dāṇḍapāśika-cāṭa-bhaṭa-rājavalabhādi<choice><sic>t sa</sic><corr>n sa</corr></choice>rvvā<supplied reason="omitted">N</supplied> samā<lb n="7" break="no"/>jñāpayati viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathasmābhis sanidhiḥ sopanidhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><lb n="8"/>sadaśāparādho niṣaddha-cāṭa-bhaṭa-praveśaḥ sarvvopari<supplied reason="omitted">ka</supplied><lb n="9" break="no"/><supplied reason="omitted">ri</supplied>-karakarādāna-sameta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sarvvapīḍāparivarjjitaḥ kapi

<lb n="10" break="no"/>ṣṭhallagotrāya Ek<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>rṣ<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>vaśiṣṭha-pravarāya maitrāy<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>ṇīśā<lb n="11" break="no"/>khādhyāyine madhya-deśa-madhuravinirggat<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ya</supplied> Ullakheṭavāsta<lb n="12" break="no"/>vya-bhaṭṭa-brāhmaṇāya cakradhara-sutāya siṁ<surplus>g</surplus>ha-saṅkrāntau mātā<lb n="13" break="no"/>pitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye salila<surplus>d</surplus>dhārāpuraḥsa<lb n="14" break="no"/>reṇacandratārakāka-kṣiti-talasamakāl<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>a</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">m u</supplied>pabhoktu<choice><sic>ntāmba</sic><corr>ṁ tāmra</corr></choice><lb n="15"/>śāsanenākarīkr̥tya pratipādityo 'yam ity avagatya sa<lb n="16" break="no"/>mucita-bhogakarahiraṇyā<supplied reason="omitted">di</supplied>kam upanayadbhir bhavadbhiḥ

<lb n="17"/>sukhena prativastvayam iti<g type="ddanda">.</g> bhavibhiś ca bhūpati<surplus>r</surplus>bhir ddharmma-gau<lb n="18" break="no"/>ravād asm<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>d-anurodhā<choice><sic>sva</sic><corr>c ca</corr></choice> svadattir ivānupālanīyā tathā caiva<lb n="19" break="no"/>m paṭhyate dharmmaśāstre<g type="ddanda">.</g></p>

<l n="a">vahubhir vvasudhā dattā</l>

<l n="b">rājabhiḥ saga<lb n="20" break="no"/>rādibhir</l>

<l n="c">yasya yasya yadā bhūmis</l>

<l n="d">tasya tasya tadā pha<lb n="21" break="no"/>laṁ<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied></l><!--

amwb: Sircar 23

-->

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<l n="a">mā bhū<surplus>ḥ</surplus>d a-phala-śaṅkā vaḥ</l>

<l n="c">sva-dā<lb n="22"/>nāt phalam ānantyaṁ</l>

<l n="d">para-dattānupālane<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied></l><!--

amwb : Sircar 85

-->

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<l n="a">bhūmiṁ yaḥ<lb n="23"/>pratigr̥hṇāti</l>

<l n="b">yaś ca bhūm<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>m prayacchat<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice></l>

<l n="c">Ubhau tau

<lb n="24"/>puṇya-karmmāṇau</l>

<l n="d">n<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>yat<choice><sic>au</sic><corr>aṁ</corr></choice> svar<space type="binding-hole"/>gga-gām<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>nau<g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g></l><!--

amwb : Sircar 29

-->

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<l n="a">ṣaṣṭim varṣa<lb n="25" break="no"/>-sahasrāṇ<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice></l>

<l n="b">svargge modati<space type="binding-hole"/> bhūm<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>daḥ</l>

<l n="c">Ācchet<surplus>v</surplus>ā cānuma<lb n="26" break="no"/>ntā ca</l>

<l n="d">tā<choice><sic>verā</sic><corr>ny eva</corr></choice> narake vaseT<g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g></l><!--

amwb : Sircar 123

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<l n="a">suvarṇṇam ek<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>āṁ</corr></choice> gām ekām</l>

<l n="b">bhūmer apy a<lb n="27"/>rddham aṅgula<choice><sic>n</sic><corr>ṁ</corr></choice></l>

<l n="c">haran <supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied>arakam āyāti</l>

<l n="d">yāvad ābhūta-samplavaM<g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g></l><!--

amwb Sircar 55

-->

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<lb n="28"/><l n="a">Agner apatyam prathamaṁ suvarṇṇam</l>

<l n="b">bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāv<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>aḥ</corr></choice></l>

<lb n="29"/><l n="c">dattās trayas tena bhavanti lok<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>āḥ</corr></choice></l>

<l n="d">ya<choice><sic>ṣ</sic><corr>ḥ</corr></choice> kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyā<lb n="30"/>t<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied></l><!--

amwb : Sircar 5

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<l n="b">kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="31"/>sarvvān<surplus>n</surplus> etā<choice><sic>m</sic><corr>n</corr></choice> bhāv<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>naḥ pa<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>thivendrā<supplied reason="omitted">N</supplied><g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g></l>

<l n="d">bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadraḥ<g type="dandaStrokeLeft">.</g></l><!--

amwb : Sircar 117 rāmacandraḥ in soma2

-->

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<lb n="32"/><l n="a">Iti kamala-dalāmbu-vindu-lolā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b">śr<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>yam anucintya manuṣya-jīvitañ ca</l>

<l n="c">sa-ka<lb n="33" break="no"/>lam idam udāhr̥tañ ca vu<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhvā</l>

<l n="d">na hi puruṣaiḥ parakīrttayo vilopy<sic>a</sic><corr>āḥ</corr><g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g><g type="floretQuatrefoil">.</g><g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g></l><!--

amwb : Sircar 71

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</p>

</div>

<listApp>

</app>

<lem>svargga°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">svarga</rdg>

</app>

<lem>ṣaṣṭim va°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">ṣaṣṭhiṁ va°</rdg>

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<lem>ābhūta</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">āhūta</rdg>

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<lem>suvarṇṇam</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">suvarṇṇaṁ</rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">dharmma°</rdg>

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<div type="translation" resp="part:amwb"><head xml:lang="eng">English translation draft</head>

<ab>Of the Lord Mahābhavagupta, the divine king</ab>

</div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1">Homage to Śiva!</p>

<p n="1-4">Hail! From his glorious and victorious camp situated at Kisarakellā, the divine king, the prosperous <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuśalī</foreign></supplied> Mahārājādhirāja, the great lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parameśvara</foreign></supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka, lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> Mahābhavagupta, the forehead ornament of the Soma dynasty <supplied reason="explanation">or lunar race</supplied>, lord of Trikaliṅga <supplied reason="explanation">tr̥kaliṅgādhipati</supplied> favored by his revered mother and father, devout worshippers of Maheśvara, </p>

<p n="4-7">worshipped the Brāhmaṇas in the village Pātiliñjira included in the province Pr̥thurā and informed the householders dwelling there, all of them beginning with the <foreign>samāhartr̥</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">tax collector</supplied>, the <foreign>sannidhātr̥</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">the receiver of stolen goods</supplied>, the policemen <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dāṇḍapāśika</foreign></supplied>, the soldiers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cāṭa-bhaṭa</foreign></supplied>, as well as the favorites of the king <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>rājavallabha</foreign></supplied> as follows:</p>

<p n="7-15">Be it known by you that this <supplied reason="subaudible">grant</supplied> by us has been given <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pratipādityo</foreign>; line 15</supplied> with its treasures <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nidhi</foreign></supplied> and its deposits <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>upanidhi</foreign></supplied>, with the fines for the ten offences, preserved from the entrance of soldiers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cāṭa-bhaṭa</foreign></supplied>, with all the supplementary receipts, without any obstacles, to Cakradhara’s son, a noble brahmin belonging to the Kapiṣṭhalla gotra, the best <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pravara</foreign></supplied> among the descendants of the unique sage Vaśiṣṭha, issued from the Maitrāyaṇī school, an immigrant from Madhura <supplied reason="subaudible">situated in</supplied> Madhyadeśa, on the occasion of the entrance of the sun into the constellation siṁha and in order to increase the merit and fame of my two parents, as well as my own one, and this, accompanied by libations <supplied reason="subaudible">as permanent endowment</supplied> to be enjoyed in perpetuity as long as the moon, the sun and the stars <supplied reason="subaudible">will last</supplied>, after having edicted <supplied reason="subaudible">decision</supplied> by a copper plate</p>

<p n="15-18">After having considered this <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iti</foreign></supplied>, thanks to our acquisition, the enjoyments, the parts, the taxes, the gold etc… should easily remain appropriate and the future kings must protect this gift of Us out of the respect of Dharma and out of Our consideration as it was their own gift.

</p>

<p n="18-19">Thus, it is taught in the <title>Dharmaśāstra</title>:</p>

Land has been given by several kings beginning with Sagara. Whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.<note>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 23 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

Have no doubt about the fruit of what is given by another, o sons of Pr̥thu, the fruit is eternal both for him who gives in person and for him who protects what is given by another.<note>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 85 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

The one who receives a land and the one who offers a land, both of them are men with meritorious deeds who are surely going to heaven.<note>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 29 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

The giver of land enjoys sixty thousand years in heaven; the one who challenges <supplied reason="subaudible">a donation</supplied> as well as the one who approves <supplied reason="subaudible">this act</supplied> will reside as many <supplied reason="subaudible">years</supplied> in hell.<note>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 123 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

The one who steals a single cow, one piece of gold or a half <foreign>aṅgula</foreign> of land will stay in hells up to the dissolution of the created things.<note>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 55 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

Gold is Agni's first born son, Earth Viṣṇu's wife and cows Sun's daughters; the one who gives gold, cows and land, the worlds belongs to him by these three kinds of gifts.<note>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 5 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note><!--

In IN01008, daba notes the ref Garuḍapurāṇa 2.42.4 this verse

-->

</p>

Rāmacandra repeatedly implores all these future kings: this bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it.<note>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 117 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 71 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

<p n="33-36">It was on the sixth day of the dark fortnight of the month Bhādrapada during the eleventh year of the victorious reign that this edict was written by Lord Mahāsandhivigrahika Rudradatta, son of Devadatta, emigrated from Ayodhyāpura.</p>

<p n="36-38">If letters have been forgotten or measures are missing, may this prayer without metric measures make a public apology, O wise men, what mind has never failed?</p>

</div>

<div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" resp="part:amwb"><head xml:lang="fra">Ébauche de traduction française</head>

<div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="fra">Sceau</head>

<ab>De Sa Majesté, le divin roi Mahābhavagupta</ab>

</div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="fra">Plaques</head>

<p n="1">Hommage à Śiva!</p>

<p n="1-4">Salutations ! Depuis son glorieux et victorieux champ de bataille établi à Kisarakellā, le divin roi, le prospère <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuśalī</foreign></supplied> Mahārājādhirāja, son éminence <supplied reason="explanation">parameśvara</supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka, Sa Majesté <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> Mahābhavagupta, le fleuron de la dynastie Soma <supplied reason="explanation">ou de la dynastie lunaire</supplied>, seigneur du Trikaliṅga <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tr̥kaliṅgādhipati</foreign></supplied> considéré avec faveur par Ses respectés père et mère, fervents dévots de Maheśvara,</p>

<p n="4-7">après avoir honoré les brahmanes du village nommé Pātiliñjira situé dans la province de Pr̥thurā, il instruisit tous les propriétaires résidant en ces lieux en commençant par les collecteurs d’impôts <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>samāhartr̥</foreign></supplied>, les percepteurs <supplied reason="explanation">saṁnidhārtr̥</supplied>, les policiers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dāṇḍapāśika</foreign></supplied>, les soldats <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cāṭa-bhaṭa</foreign></supplied> ainsi que les proches du roi de la sorte:

</p>

<p n="7-15">Que cela soit porté à votre connaissance: ceci <supplied reason="explanation">cette donation</supplied>, avec et ses dépôts et ses trésors, avec les amendes pour les dix infractions, avec l’interdiction d’intrusion militaire, avec ses prélèvements supplémentaires, sans aucune restriction, je le donne au fils de Cakradhara un noble brahmane appartenant au gotra Kapiṣṭhalla, le meilleur parmi les descendants de l’unique sage Vaśiṣṭha, issu de l’école Maitrāyaṇī, émigré originaire de Madhura situé dans le Madhyadeśa, et ce, à l’occasion de l’entrée du soleil dans la constellation du lion <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>siṁha</foreign></supplied> et afin d’augmenter le mérite et la gloire de mon père et de ma mère, ainsi que le mien, avec les libations rituelles en tant que donation dont on pourra jouir à perpétuité aussi longtemps que le lune, le soleil et les étoiles existeront, après l’avoir décrété cette décision grâce à une plaque de cuivre.

</p>

<p n="15-18">Après avoir considéré ceci, grâce à notre acquisition, les récoltes, les dus, les impôts, l’or etc… resteront appropriés facilement et les futurs rois devront protéger ce don fait par nous par considération du Dharma et par respect pour nous, et ce, comme s’il s’agissait de leur propre donation.

</p>

<p n="18-19">Ainsi est-enseigné dans le <title>Dharmaśāstra</title>:</p>

Des terres ont été données par des centaines de rois à commencer par Sagara. C'est à celui qu'appartient ces terres à un moment donné, que revient le bénéfice.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 23 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

N'ayez aucun doute sur le bénéfice retiré de ce qui est donné par un autre, ô fils de Pr̥thu, le bénéfice est éternel aussi bien pour celui qui donne que pour celui qui protège ce qui est donné par un autre.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 85 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

Celui qui reçoit un don de terre et celui qui l'offre, tous deux sont des hommes aux actes méritoires qui sans aucun doute iront au ciel.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 29 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

Celui qui donne des terres se réjouit durant soixante mille ans aux cieux, mais celui qui consteste <supplied reason="subaudible">un don</supplied> ou celui qui approuve <supplied reason="subaudible">cette contestation</supplied> séjournera aussi longtemps en enfer.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 123 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

Celui qui se saisirait d'une seule vache, d'une seule pièce d'or ou de la moitié d'un aṅgula de terre, séjournera aux enfers jusqu'à la dissolution du monde.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 55 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

L'Or est le premier fils né d'Agni, la Terre est l'épouse Viṣṇu et les vaches sont les filles du Soleil; celui qui donne de l'or, des vaches et des terres, par ces trois sortes de dons les mondes lui appartiennent.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 5 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note><!--

In IN01008, daba notes the ref Garuḍapurāṇa 2.42.4 this verse

-->

</p>

À de nombreuses reprises, Rāmacandra a exhorté les rois futurs <supplied reason="subaudible">en ces termes</supplied> : ce pont du Dharma commun à tous les rois, vous devez toujours le protéger.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 117 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

Ayant considéré que fortune et vie humaine sont aussi éphémères qu'une goutte d'eau sur un pétale de lotus et que le monde entier n'est qu'une représentation, ne laissons pas des hommes détruire les actes glorieux accomplis par d'autres.<note>

Ce vers correspond au vers 71 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.

</note>

</p>

<p n="33-36">C’est au sixième jour de la quinzaine sombre du mois Bhādrapada durant la onzième année du règne victorieux que cet édit fut écrit par le seigneur Mahāsandhivigrahika Rudradatta, fils de Devadatta, émigré d’Ayodhyāpura.</p>

<p n="36-38">Si des lettres ont été oubliées ou que des mesures manquent, puisse cette prière sans mesure métrique faire amende honorable, ô sages, quel esprit n’a-t-il jamais failli?</p>

</div>

<p> According to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tripathy2010_01"/><citedRange unit="note">390</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">131</citedRange></bibl>, Kisarakellā seems to correspond with <q>the modern village Kesarakela about 6 miles to the east of Bolangir in the Bolangir district</q>. </p>

<!--

This copper plate is really linked to the Ruchida Plates of Mahābhavagupta, Year 8 INSSOmavamsin00039. Indeed, in addition to share a large part of their text, these two plates present some particular features :

1. First, both of them are attached by a ring whose seal represents a standing bull and a crescent moon. However none of the preserved seals belonging to this dynasty uses this standing bull. For those which the drawing is still legible, one can recognize a woman seated on a lotus and flanked by two elephants.

2. Second, these two grants are introduced by a verse paying homage to the deity named Puruṣottama and Śiva.

3. Third, the issuer refers to his predecessor only with the coronation name without royal titles associated to the predecessor.

4. Fourth the long compound used in the Somavaṁśin Dynasty and consisting on royal titles + Coronation name of the predecessor + pādānudhyāta + Royal titles + coronoation name of the issuer is here replaced by the compound beginning by mātāpitr̥pādānudhyāta

5. Fifth the dimension of the plate, the palaeography and the disposition of the binding hole are all atypical

6. And sixth we find a particular prose sentence at the end

a final verse craving for the indulgence of the learned readers

Beyond these specific features, these two copper plates are really connected each other because they share a common text and were composed by the same writer Rudradatta -->

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