Candavolu plates of Vijayāditya III
Editor: Dániel Balogh.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00068.
Languages: Sanskrit, Telugu.
Repository: Eastern Cālukya (tfb-vengicalukya-epigraphy).
Version: (195df1d), last modified (1a69447).
Edition
Seal
⟨1⟩ śrī-tribhuvan(āṁ)kuśa
Plates
⟨Page 1r⟩⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ svasti⟨.⟩ śrīm¿ā?⟨a⟩tāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁst¿u?⟨ū⟩yamāna-mā⟨2⟩navya-sagotrāṇāṁ h¡a!rīti-putrāṇāṁ k(au)śikī-vara-pra⟨sā⟩da-la⟨3⟩bdha-r¿a?⟨ā⟩jy(ā)nāṁ ¿rmma?⟨mā⟩tr̥-gaṇa-p(a)rip¿a?⟨ā⟩litānā⟨ṁ⟩ sv¿a?⟨ā⟩mi-mahā⟨4⟩sena-p¿a?⟨ā⟩d¿a?⟨ā⟩nudhy¿a?⟨ā⟩tānā⟨ṁ⟩ bhagavan-nārāyaṇa-pras(ā)da-sa⟨5⟩māsādita-vara-varāha-lāñ¿c?⟨ch⟩anekṣaṇa-kṣaṇa-vaśīkr̥⟨Page 2r⟩⟨6⟩tārāti-maṇḍalān¿a?⟨ā⟩m aśvamedh¿a?⟨ā⟩vabhr̥tha-snā⟨na⟩-pavitrīkr̥⟨7⟩ta-vapuṣāṁ caḷ(u)kyānāṁ kulam a¿ṁla?⟨laṁ⟩kariṣṇoḥ Aneka-sama⟨8⟩ra-saṁghaṭṭano⟨pa⟩(la)bdha-vijayasya vi(ṣṇ)uvarddhana-mah(ā)⟨9⟩rājasya priya-tanayaḥ vijay¿a?⟨ā⟩ditya-mahārājasya pau(t)ra⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨10⟩ merur iva śaṁsita-mitro(d)ayaḥ (śā)¿ggiḥ?⟨rṅgī⟩(vā)rā(t)¿ī?⟨i⟩-(bh)¿i?⟨ī⟩(t)ī-(kr̥ta)⟨Page 2v⟩⟨11⟩-cakraḥ jalanidhir iva lakṣmī-(p)r(abha)v(aḥ) vijay(ā)di(t)ya-mahārā⟨12⟩jādhirāja-parameśvara-bhaṭṭ¿a?⟨ā⟩rakaḥ gudrav¡a!ra-viṣ¿e?⟨a⟩ya-v¿a?⟨ā⟩sin¿a?⟨o⟩ ⟨13⟩ (rā)ṣṭrak¿u?⟨ū⟩ṭa-pramu(kh)ān kuṭuṁbinaḥ sarvv¿a?⟨ā⟩n ittham (ājñā)paya⟨14⟩ti
viditam astu (v)o ⟨’⟩sm¿a?⟨ā⟩bhir dv¿a?⟨i⟩ja-(v)¡ri!⟨r̥⟩(nd)āra(ka){ḥ}sya kr(o)va⟨15⟩(śi?)ri-(vāsta)vyā(ya ku)ppaśarmmaṇaḥ pautrāya bandh¿a?⟨u⟩śarmmaṇa(ḥ) pu⟨16⟩t(r)¿a?⟨ā⟩(ya) [bh](āra)dv¿a?⟨ā⟩ja-gotrāya yajñaśarmmaṇe Āpastam¡bh!⟨b⟩a-s(ūtrā)⟨Page 3r⟩⟨17⟩ya [A](dh)īt(a-ve)(dā?)(ya) magā(va?)(ḍ)u (nāma g)r¿a?⟨ā⟩me (daśa-ka)(ṇḍ?)(ika)-(vrī?)[hi]⟨18⟩-[bī](ja?)-(vāpa-pramāṇaṁ kṣe)⟨traṁ⟩ (p)radatta(ṁ)
tasyāvadhaya⟨ḥ⟩⟨.⟩ p(ū)rvvataḥ kapp(u)⟨19⟩-(ṟe?)(ni-ce)nu⟨.⟩ dakṣiṇata⟨ḥ⟩ ceṟu(ka)ni-cenu⟨.⟩ (paś)c(i)ma(taḥ) (b)o(ḷ)u⟨20⟩[ca. 1×]na-bo(y)u-cenu⟨.⟩ Uttarata(ḥ) raṭṭoḍi-cenu⟨.⟩ Eteṣ¿a?⟨ā⟩m madhya⟨21⟩[va](rttī)
I. Śālinī
(sar)vv(ā)n eva⟨ṁ⟩ bh¿a?⟨ā⟩vina(ḥ p)¿(a)?⟨ā⟩(r)t¿t?⟨th⟩(i)vendr¿a?⟨ā⟩N
abh¿u?⟨ū⟩(yo) bh¿u?⟨ū⟩(y)o y(ā)⟨ca⟩(te) r(āmabha)⟨22⟩draḥ
bsām¿a?⟨ā⟩nyo ⟨’⟩ya(ṁ) dharmma-(s)etu(r) nr̥p(ā)¿na?⟨ṇā⟩(ṁ)
ck(āle kāle pālanī)⟨yo⟩ (bha?)va(dbhi?)⟨ḥ⟩
dI. Anuṣṭubh
⟨Page 3v⟩⟨23⟩(Ājñaptir a)sya dha(r)mmasya
apa(ṇḍa)ra(ṁ)go (g)u(ṇā)¿(kh)?⟨k⟩(araḥ)
b(vijayāditya)⟨24⟩-(bhūpa)⟨sya⟩
c(pāda-padma-śilīmu)¿(k)?⟨kh⟩(aḥ)
dApparatus
Seal
Plates
⟨1⟩ -saṁst¿u?⟨ū⟩yamāna- ⬦ -saṁstūyamāna- MDS.
⟨3⟩ ¿rmma?⟨mā⟩tr̥- ⬦ mātr̥- MDS. — ⟨3⟩ sv¿a?⟨ā⟩mi- ⬦ svā(mi)- MDS.
⟨4⟩ p¿a?⟨ā⟩d¿a?⟨ā⟩nudhy¿a?⟨ā⟩tānā⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ pād¿a?⟨ā⟩nudhy¿a?⟨ā⟩tānā⟨ṁ⟩ MDS. — ⟨4⟩ aśvamedh¿a?⟨ā⟩vabhr̥tha- ⬦ aśvamedhāvabhr̥tha- MDS.
⟨7⟩ caḷ(u)kyānāṁ ⬦ calukyānāṁ MDS • MDS’s l must be a typo. The vowel of ḷ may be ū, or the engraver may have started engraving ḷya and then corrected.
⟨8⟩ -saṁghaṭṭano⟨pa⟩(la)bdha- • In the script of the plates, ṇa is practically indistinguishable from no. I accept MDS’s reading (and the associated emendation) in preference of my earlier reading of saṁghaṭṭaṇa-labdha (for saṁghaṭṭana-).
⟨10⟩ śaṁsita- ⬦ śaṁstita- MDS • Probably a typo in MDS. — ⟨10⟩ (śā)¿ggiḥ?⟨rṅgī⟩(vā)rā(t)¿ī?⟨i⟩-(bh)¿i?⟨ī⟩(t)ī- ⬦ śārṅgīvārāti-bhīti- MDS • MDS’s reading appears to be a silent emendation. At the beginning, śā is clearer in his estampage than in the photos, from which alone I was unable to offer a meaningful reading for this locus. Any of the i-s in this stretch may be either short or long; I read long ī where the loop is open on the left, but this may be random variation. The superfluous visarga may have been intented for an initial I, but if so, it is very narrow and extremely malformed.
⟨11⟩ -cakraḥ ⬦ -cakro MDS • The visarga is clear, though not well formed, in the photo. — ⟨11⟩ -(p)r(abha)v(aḥ) ⬦ -pra(bhā)vaḥ MDS. — ⟨11⟩ vijay(ā)di(t)ya- ⬦ vijay¿a?⟨ā⟩ditya- MDS. — ⟨11⟩ v¿a?⟨ā⟩sin¿a?⟨o⟩ ⬦ vāsin¿a?⟨o⟩ MDS.
⟨13⟩ (rā)◯ṣṭrak¿u?⟨ū⟩ṭa- ⬦ rāṣṭrakūṭā- MDS.
⟨14⟩ -(v)¡ri!⟨r̥⟩(nd)āra(ka){ḥ}sya ⬦ -b¡ri!⟨r̥⟩ndārakasya MDS. — ⟨14⟩ kr(o)va⟨15⟩(śi?)ri- ⬦ krova⟨15⟩(cū)ri- MDS • I cannot exclude MDS’s reading, but I believe the spelling krovaśiri, as read for ARIE and as attested in the Koṟṟapaṟṟu grant of Vijayāditya II, is more likely.
⟨15⟩ pu⟨16⟩t(r)¿a?⟨ā⟩(ya) ⬦ pu⟨16⟩trāya MDS.
⟨17⟩ magā(va?)(ḍ)u ⬦ maṁgaveḍu MDS • The ARIE report also records the name of the village as Maṅgaveḍu. There is definitely no ṅ here, though an anusvāra may be present. The vertical vowel marker between g and v in my opinion bends to the left at the top, and is thus probably associated with g rather than with the next character. — ⟨17⟩ (g)r¿a?⟨ā⟩me ⬦ grāme MDS. — ⟨17⟩ (daśa-ka)(ṇḍ?)(ika)- ⬦ daś¿ā?⟨a⟩-kaṇṭikā- MDS.
⟨18⟩ -[bī](ja?)-(vāpa-) ⬦ -(bī)jāvāpa- MDS • MDS’s reading is entirely possible. — ⟨18⟩ (kṣe)⟨traṁ⟩ (p)radatta(ṁ) ⬦ kṣetra⟨ṁ⟩ dattaṁ MDS • I cannot exclude MDS’s reading, but pra seems more likely to me.
⟨19⟩ (b)o(ḷ)u⟨20⟩[ca. 1×]◯na-bo(y)u- ⬦ bolu⟨20⟩(camā)na-boyu- MDS • The damaged writing before the hole seems insufficient for two characters.
⟨21⟩ (p)¿(a)?⟨ā⟩(r)t¿t?⟨th⟩(i)vendr¿a?⟨ā⟩N ⬦ (p)¿(a)?⟨ā⟩(r)tth¿a?⟨i⟩vendr¿a?⟨ā⟩N MDS. — ⟨21⟩ bh¿u?⟨ū⟩(yo) bh¿u?⟨ū⟩(y)o ⬦ bhūyo bhūyo MDS.
⟨22⟩ sām¿a?⟨ā⟩nyo ⬦ sāmānyo MDS. — ⟨22⟩ nr̥p(ā)¿na?⟨ṇā⟩(ṁ) ⬦ nr̥pā¿n?⟨ṇ⟩āṁ MDS.
Translation by Dániel Balogh
Seal
Plates
(1–14) Greetings. The dear son of His Majesty King (mahārāja) Viṣṇuvardhana (V)1 who attained victory in the clash of many a battle and who was eager to adorn the lineage of the majestic Caḷukyas—who are of the Mānavya gotra which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Harīti, who attained kingship by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, who were deliberately appointed (to kingship) by Lord Mahāsena, to whom the realms of adversaries instantaneously submit at the [mere] sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, and whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions (avabhr̥tha) of the Aśvamedha sacrifice—; grandson of King (mahārāja) Vijayāditya (II); [namely] the Supreme Lord (parameśvara) of Emperors (mahārājādhirāja) and Supreme Sovereign (parama-bhaṭṭāraka) Vijayāditya (III)—who desires the exaltation of his allies as Mount Meru {which indicates the rising of the sun}; whose army has become the terror of his enemies, like (Viṣṇu) the wielder of the Śārṅga (bow) {whose discus has become the terror of his enemies}; and who gives rise to prosperity as the ocean {produced Lakṣmī}—commands all householders (kuṭumbin)—including foremost the overseers (kūṭaka)— who reside in Gudravara district (viṣaya) as follows:
(14–18) Let it be known to you that to Yajñaśarman of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra—a resident of Krovaśiri who has studied the Veda, and who is the grandson of Kuppaśarman, a principal of the twiceborn,2 and son of Bandhuśarman—we have given a field of an extent (sufficient) for sowing ten kaṇḍikas of paddy seed at the village named Magāvaḍu.
(18–21) Its boundaries [are as follows]. To the east, the kappu-ṟeni field (cenu).3 To the south, the Ceṟukani field (cenu). To the west, the Boḷu[ca. 1×]na boyu4 field (cenu). To the north, the field (cenu) of the overseer (raṭṭoḍi). It is situated in the midst of these [boundaries].
I
Over and over again, Rāmabhadra begs all future kings thus: “Each in your own time, you shall respect this framework of legality that is universally applicable to kings!”
II
The executor (ājñapti) of this ruling (dharma) is Paṇḍaraṅga, the storehouse of virtue, a bee at the lotus feet of King Vijayāditya.
Bibliography
Reported in Krishnamacharlu 1952, p. 7, appendices A/1938-39, № 2 with discussion at Krishnamacharlu 1952, pp. 71–72, § 4. Edited from estampages by M. D. Sampath ([1992] 1975-1976) with facsimiles, without translation. The present edition was initially prepared for DHARMA by Dániel Balogh on the basis of photos published by the Indian Museum (Kolkata),5and has been subsequently collated with Sampath’s edition.
Primary
[MDS] Sampath, M. D. [1992] 1975-1976. “Chandavōlu plates of Vijayāditya (III).” EI 41, pp. 114–117.
Secondary
Krishnamacharlu, C. R. 1952. Annual report on South Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1939. Delhi: Government of India. Page 7, appendixes A/1938-39, item 2.
Krishnamacharlu, C. R. 1952. Annual report on South Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1939. Delhi: Government of India. Pages 71–72, section 4.
Notes
- 1. I do not know of any other Eastern Cālukya grant that mentions the reigning king’s father before his grandfather. It seems likely that starting out with Viṣṇuvardhana is a mistake in the composition, which was corrected by adding Vijayāditya afterward. This may have been simple oversight, or perhaps the text of the charter was based on a grant of the king’s father Viṣṇuvardhana V, which would have mentioned that king’s grandfather Viṣṇuvardhana IV first. The composer of the present charter may have mechanically reproduced Viṣṇuvardhana here, and then set it up so that it referred to the reigning king’s father.
- 2. The composer’s intent may have been to describe the donee, rather than the grandfather, as a principal of the twiceborn.
- 3. According to an editorial note to MDS (Sampath [1992] 1975-1976, p. 116, n. 1), kappu-ṟeni-cenu “obviously” means black cotton soil.
- 4. This reading is uncertain; see the apparatus to line 19. The word boya is probably involved.
- 5. http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/im_kol-11358-19. The photos show the seal, four inscribed faces and one blank face which must be 1r; Sampath’s estampage is the only available visual documentation of 3v, which is badly damaged.
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</div>
<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
<pb n="1r"/><p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1"/>svasti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> śrīm<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>tāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁst<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>yamāna-mā<lb n="2" break="no"/>navya-sagotrāṇāṁ h<orig>a</orig>rīti-putrāṇāṁ k<unclear>au</unclear>śikī-vara-pra<supplied reason="omitted">sā</supplied>da-la<lb n="3" break="no"/>bdha-r<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><space type="binding-hole"/>jy<unclear>ā</unclear>nāṁ <choice><sic>rmma</sic><corr>mā</corr></choice>tr̥-gaṇa-p<unclear>a</unclear>rip<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>litānā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>mi-mahā<lb n="4" break="no"/>sena-p<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>d<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>nudhy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>tānā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhagavan-nārāyaṇa-pras<unclear>ā</unclear>da-sa<lb n="5" break="no"/>māsādita-vara-varāha-lāñ<choice><sic>c</sic><corr>ch</corr></choice>anekṣaṇa-kṣaṇa-vaśīkr̥<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="6" break="no"/>tārāti-maṇḍalān<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>m aśvamedh<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>vabhr̥tha-snā<supplied reason="omitted">na</supplied>-pavitrīkr̥<lb n="7" break="no"/>ta-vapuṣāṁ caḷ<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">u</unclear>kyānāṁ kulam a<choice><sic>ṁla</sic><corr>laṁ</corr></choice>kariṣṇoḥ Aneka-sama<lb n="8" break="no"/>ra<space type="binding-hole"/>-saṁghaṭṭano<supplied reason="omitted">pa</supplied><unclear>la</unclear>bdha-vijayasya vi<unclear>ṣṇ</unclear>uvarddhana-mah<unclear>ā</unclear><lb n="9" break="no"/>rājasya priya-tanayaḥ vijay<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ditya-mahārājasya pau<unclear>t</unclear>ra<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><lb n="10"/>merur iva śaṁsita-mitro<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">d</unclear>ayaḥ <unclear>śā</unclear><choice><sic>ggiḥ</sic><corr>rṅgī</corr></choice><unclear>vā</unclear>rā<unclear>t</unclear><choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>-<unclear>bh</unclear><choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><unclear>t</unclear>ī-<unclear>kr̥ta</unclear><pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="11" break="no"/>-cakraḥ jalanidhir iva lakṣmī-<unclear>p</unclear>r<unclear>abha</unclear>v<unclear>aḥ</unclear> vijay<unclear>ā</unclear>di<unclear>t</unclear>ya-mahārā<lb n="12" break="no"/>jādhirāja-parameśvara-bhaṭṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>rakaḥ gudrav<orig>a</orig>ra-viṣ<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>ya-v<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>sin<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>o</corr></choice> <lb n="13"/><unclear>rā</unclear><space type="binding-hole"/>ṣṭrak<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>ṭa-pramu<unclear>kh</unclear>ān kuṭuṁbinaḥ sarvv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>n ittham <unclear>ājñā</unclear>paya<lb n="14" break="no"/>ti <space type="binding-hole"/></p>
<p>viditam astu <unclear>v</unclear>o <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>sm<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>bhir dv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ja-<unclear>v</unclear><choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r̥</reg></choice><unclear>nd</unclear>āra<unclear>ka</unclear><surplus>ḥ</surplus>sya kr<unclear>o</unclear>va<lb n="15" break="no"/><unclear cert="low">śi</unclear>ri-<unclear>vāsta</unclear>vyā<unclear>ya ku</unclear>ppaśarmmaṇaḥ pautrāya bandh<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>śarmmaṇa<unclear>ḥ</unclear> pu<lb n="16" break="no"/>t<unclear>r</unclear><choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><unclear>ya</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">bh</supplied><unclear>āra</unclear>dv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ja-gotrāya yajñaśarmmaṇe Āpastam<choice><orig>bh</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>a-s<unclear>ūtrā</unclear> <pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="17" break="no"/>ya <supplied reason="lost" cert="low">A</supplied><unclear>dh</unclear>īt<unclear>a-ve</unclear><unclear cert="low">dā</unclear><unclear>ya</unclear> magā<unclear cert="low">va</unclear><unclear>ḍ</unclear>u <unclear>nāma g</unclear>r<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>me <unclear>daśa-ka</unclear><unclear cert="low">ṇḍ</unclear><unclear>ika</unclear>-<unclear cert="low">vrī</unclear><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">hi</supplied><lb n="18" break="no"/>-<supplied reason="lost" cert="low">bī</supplied><unclear cert="low">ja</unclear>-<unclear>vāpa-pramāṇaṁ kṣe</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">traṁ</supplied> <unclear>p</unclear>radatta<unclear>ṁ</unclear></p>
<p>tasyāvadhaya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> p<unclear>ū</unclear>rvvataḥ <foreign xml:lang="tel-Latn">kapp<unclear>u</unclear><lb n="19" break="no"/>-<unclear cert="low">ṟe</unclear><space type="binding-hole"/><unclear>ni-ce</unclear>nu</foreign><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> dakṣiṇata<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <foreign xml:lang="tel-Latn">ceṟu<unclear>ka</unclear>ni-cenu</foreign><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> <unclear>paś</unclear>c<unclear>i</unclear>ma<unclear>taḥ</unclear> <foreign xml:lang="tel-Latn"><unclear>b</unclear>o<unclear>ḷ</unclear>u<lb n="20" break="no"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character" precision="low"/><space type="binding-hole"/>na-bo<unclear>y</unclear>u-cenu</foreign><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Uttarata<unclear>ḥ</unclear> <foreign xml:lang="tel-Latn">raṭṭoḍi-cenu</foreign><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Eteṣ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>m madhya<lb n="21" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">va</supplied><unclear>rttī</unclear></p>
<lg n="1" met="śālinī">
<l n="a"><unclear>sar</unclear>vv<unclear>ā</unclear>n eva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bh<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>vina<unclear>ḥ p</unclear><choice><sic><unclear>a</unclear></sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><unclear>r</unclear>t<choice><sic>t</sic><corr>th</corr></choice><unclear>i</unclear>vendr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>N</l>
<l n="b">bh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice><unclear>yo</unclear> bh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice><unclear>y</unclear>o y<unclear>ā</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ca</supplied><unclear>te</unclear> r<unclear>āmabha</unclear><lb n="22" break="no"/>draḥ</l>
<l n="c">sām<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>nyo <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>ya<unclear>ṁ</unclear> dharmma-<unclear>s</unclear>etu<unclear>r</unclear> nr̥p<unclear>ā</unclear><choice><sic>na</sic><corr>ṇā</corr></choice><unclear>ṁ</unclear></l>
<l n="d">k<unclear>āle kāle pālanī</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">yo</supplied> <unclear cert="low">bha</unclear>va<unclear cert="low">dbhi</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
</lg>
<lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a"><pb n="3v"/><lb n="23" break="no"/><unclear>Ājñaptir a</unclear>sya dha<unclear>r</unclear>mmasya</l>
<l n="b">pa<unclear>ṇḍa</unclear>ra<unclear>ṁ</unclear>go <unclear>g</unclear>u<unclear>ṇā</unclear><choice><sic><unclear>kh</unclear></sic><corr>k</corr></choice><unclear>araḥ</unclear></l>
<l n="c"><unclear>vijayāditya</unclear><lb n="24" break="no"/>-<unclear>bhūpa</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">sya</supplied></l>
<l n="d"><unclear>pāda-padma-śilīmu</unclear><choice><sic><unclear>k</unclear></sic><corr>kh</corr></choice><unclear>aḥ</unclear></l>
</lg>
</div>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
</div>
<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
<listApp>
<app loc="1">
<lem>-saṁst<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>yamāna-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">-saṁstūyamāna-</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem><choice><sic>rmma</sic><corr>mā</corr></choice>tr̥-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">mātr̥-</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>sv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>mi-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">svā<unclear>mi</unclear>-</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="4">
<lem>p<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>d<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>nudhy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>tānā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">pād<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>nudhy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>tānā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></rdg>
</app>
<app loc="4">
<lem>aśvamedh<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>vabhr̥tha-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">aśvamedhāvabhr̥tha-</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="7">
<lem>caḷ<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">u</unclear>kyānāṁ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">calukyānāṁ</rdg>
<note>MDS's <foreign>l</foreign> must be a typo. The vowel of <foreign>ḷ</foreign> may be <foreign>ū</foreign>, or the engraver may have started engraving <foreign>ḷya</foreign> and then corrected.</note>
</app>
<app loc="8">
<lem>-saṁghaṭṭano<supplied reason="omitted">pa</supplied><unclear>la</unclear>bdha-</lem>
<note>In the script of the plates, <foreign>ṇa</foreign> is practically indistinguishable from <foreign>no</foreign>. I accept MDS's reading (and the associated emendation) in preference of my earlier reading of <foreign>saṁghaṭṭaṇa-labdha</foreign> (for <foreign>saṁghaṭṭana-</foreign>).</note>
</app>
<app loc="10">
<lem>śaṁsita-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">śaṁstita-</rdg>
<note>Probably a typo in MDS.</note>
</app>
<app loc="10">
<lem><unclear>śā</unclear><choice><sic>ggiḥ</sic><corr>rṅgī</corr></choice><unclear>vā</unclear>rā<unclear>t</unclear><choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>-<unclear>bh</unclear><choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><unclear>t</unclear>ī-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">śārṅgīvārāti-bhīti-</rdg>
<note>MDS's reading appears to be a silent emendation. At the beginning, <foreign>śā</foreign> is clearer in his estampage than in the photos, from which alone I was unable to offer a meaningful reading for this locus. Any of the <foreign>i</foreign>-s in this stretch may be either short or long; I read long <foreign>ī</foreign> where the loop is open on the left, but this may be random variation. The superfluous <foreign>visarga</foreign> may have been intented for an initial <foreign>I</foreign>, but if so, it is very narrow and extremely malformed.</note>
</app>
<app loc="11">
<lem>-cakraḥ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">-cakro</rdg>
<note>The <foreign>visarga</foreign> is clear, though not well formed, in the photo.</note>
</app>
<app loc="11">
<lem>-<unclear>p</unclear>r<unclear>abha</unclear>v<unclear>aḥ</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">-pra<unclear>bhā</unclear>vaḥ</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="11">
<lem>vijay<unclear>ā</unclear>di<unclear>t</unclear>ya-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">vijay<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ditya-</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="11">
<lem>v<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>sin<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>o</corr></choice></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">vāsin<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>o</corr></choice></rdg>
</app>
<app loc="13">
<lem><unclear>rā</unclear><space type="binding-hole"/>ṣṭrak<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>ṭa-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">rāṣṭrakūṭā-</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="14">
<lem>-<unclear>v</unclear><choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r̥</reg></choice><unclear>nd</unclear>āra<unclear>ka</unclear><surplus>ḥ</surplus>sya</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">-b<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r̥</reg></choice>ndārakasya</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="14">
<lem>kr<unclear>o</unclear>va<lb n="15" break="no"/><unclear cert="low">śi</unclear>ri-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">krova<lb n="15" break="no"/><unclear>cū</unclear>ri-</rdg>
<note>I cannot exclude MDS's reading, but I believe the spelling <foreign>krovaśiri</foreign>, as read for ARIE and as attested in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00021.xml">Koṟṟapaṟṟu grant of Vijayāditya II</ref>, is more likely.</note>
</app>
<app loc="15">
<lem>pu<lb n="16" break="no"/>t<unclear>r</unclear><choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><unclear>ya</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">pu<lb n="16" break="no"/>trāya</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="17">
<lem>magā<unclear cert="low">va</unclear><unclear>ḍ</unclear>u</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">maṁgaveḍu</rdg>
<note>The ARIE report also records the name of the village as Maṅgaveḍu. There is definitely no <foreign>ṅ</foreign> here, though an <foreign>anusvāra</foreign> may be present. The vertical vowel marker between <foreign>g</foreign> and <foreign>v</foreign> in my opinion bends to the left at the top, and is thus probably associated with <foreign>g</foreign> rather than with the next character.</note>
</app>
<app loc="17">
<lem><unclear>g</unclear>r<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>me</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">grāme</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="17">
<lem><unclear>daśa-ka</unclear><unclear cert="low">ṇḍ</unclear><unclear>ika</unclear>-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">daś<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>-kaṇṭikā-</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="18">
<lem>-<supplied reason="lost" cert="low">bī</supplied><unclear cert="low">ja</unclear>-<unclear>vāpa-</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">-<unclear>bī</unclear>jāvāpa-</rdg>
<note>MDS's reading is entirely possible.</note>
</app>
<app loc="18">
<lem><unclear>kṣe</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">traṁ</supplied> <unclear>p</unclear>radatta<unclear>ṁ</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">kṣetra<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> dattaṁ</rdg>
<note>I cannot exclude MDS's reading, but <foreign>pra</foreign> seems more likely to me.</note>
</app>
<app loc="19">
<lem><unclear>b</unclear>o<unclear>ḷ</unclear>u<lb n="20" break="no"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character" precision="low"/><space type="binding-hole"/>na-bo<unclear>y</unclear>u-</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">bolu<lb n="20" break="no"/><unclear>camā</unclear>na-boyu-</rdg>
<note>The damaged writing before the hole seems insufficient for two characters.</note>
</app>
<app loc="21">
<lem><unclear>p</unclear><choice><sic><unclear>a</unclear></sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><unclear>r</unclear>t<choice><sic>t</sic><corr>th</corr></choice><unclear>i</unclear>vendr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>N</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01"><unclear>p</unclear><choice><sic><unclear>a</unclear></sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><unclear>r</unclear>tth<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>vendr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>N</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="21">
<lem>bh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice><unclear>yo</unclear> bh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice><unclear>y</unclear>o</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">bhūyo bhūyo</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="22">
<lem>sām<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>nyo</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">sāmānyo</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="22">
<lem>nr̥p<unclear>ā</unclear><choice><sic>na</sic><corr>ṇā</corr></choice><unclear>ṁ</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01">nr̥pā<choice><sic>n</sic><corr>ṇ</corr></choice>āṁ</rdg>
</app>
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</div>
<div type="translation" resp="part:daba">
<div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
</div>
<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
<p n="1-14">Greetings. The dear son of His Majesty King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Viṣṇuvardhana <supplied reason="explanation">V</supplied><note>I do not know of any other Eastern Cālukya grant that mentions the reigning king’s father before his grandfather. It seems likely that starting out with Viṣṇuvardhana is a mistake in the composition, which was corrected by adding Vijayāditya afterward. This may have been simple oversight, or perhaps the text of the charter was based on a grant of the king’s father Viṣṇuvardhana V, which would have mentioned that king’s grandfather Viṣṇuvardhana IV first. The composer of the present charter may have mechanically reproduced Viṣṇuvardhana here, and then set it up so that it referred to the reigning king’s father.</note> who attained victory in the clash of many a battle and who was eager to adorn the lineage of the majestic Caḷukyas—who are of the Mānavya <foreign>gotra</foreign> which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Harīti, who attained kingship by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, who were deliberately appointed <supplied reason="explanation">to kingship</supplied> by Lord Mahāsena, to whom the realms of adversaries instantaneously submit at the <supplied reason="subaudible">mere</supplied> sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, and whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>avabhr̥tha</foreign></supplied> of the Aśvamedha sacrifice—; grandson of King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Vijayāditya <supplied reason="explanation">II</supplied>; <supplied reason="subaudible">namely</supplied> the Supreme Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parameśvara</foreign></supplied> of Emperors <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārājādhirāja</foreign></supplied> and Supreme Sovereign <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parama-bhaṭṭāraka</foreign></supplied> Vijayāditya <supplied reason="explanation">III</supplied>—who desires the exaltation of his allies as Mount Meru <seg rend="pun">which indicates the rising of the sun</seg>; whose army has become the terror of his enemies, like <supplied reason="explanation">Viṣṇu</supplied> the wielder of the Śārṅga <supplied reason="explanation">bow</supplied> <seg rend="pun">whose discus has become the terror of his enemies</seg>; and who gives rise to prosperity as the ocean <seg rend="pun">produced Lakṣmī</seg>—commands all householders <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭumbin</foreign></supplied>—including foremost the overseers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kūṭaka</foreign></supplied>— who reside in Gudravara district <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣaya</foreign></supplied> as follows:</p>
<p n="14-18">Let it be known to you that to Yajñaśarman of the Bhāradvāja <foreign>gotra</foreign> and the Āpastamba <foreign>sūtra</foreign>—a resident of Krovaśiri who has studied the Veda, and who is the grandson of Kuppaśarman, a principal of the twiceborn,<note>The composer’s intent may have been to describe the donee, rather than the grandfather, as a principal of the twiceborn.</note> and son of Bandhuśarman—we have given a field of an extent <supplied reason="explanation">sufficient</supplied> for sowing ten <foreign>kaṇḍika</foreign>s of paddy seed at the village named Magāvaḍu.</p>
<p n="18-21">Its boundaries <supplied reason="subaudible">are as follows</supplied>. To the east, the <foreign>kappu-ṟeni</foreign> field <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cenu</foreign></supplied>.<note>According to an editorial note to MDS (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01"/><citedRange unit="page">116</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">1</citedRange></bibl>), <foreign>kappu-ṟeni-cenu</foreign> <q>obviously</q> means black cotton soil.</note> To the south, the Ceṟukani field <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cenu</foreign></supplied>. To the west, the Boḷu<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character" precision="low"/>na <foreign>boyu</foreign><note>This reading is uncertain; see the apparatus to line 19. The word <foreign>boya</foreign> is probably involved.</note> field <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cenu</foreign></supplied>. To the north, the field <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cenu</foreign></supplied> of the overseer <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>raṭṭoḍi</foreign></supplied>. It is situated in the midst of these <supplied reason="subaudible">boundaries</supplied>.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="1">Over and over again, Rāmabhadra begs all future kings thus: “Each in your own time, you shall respect this framework of legality that is universally applicable to kings!”</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="2">The executor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ājñapti</foreign></supplied> of this ruling <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dharma</foreign></supplied> is Paṇḍaraṅga, the storehouse of virtue, a bee at the lotus feet of King Vijayāditya.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>The ARIE report reads the name of the donated village as Maṁgaveḍu, and identifies it with modern Maṅginapūḍi in Bandar taluk of Kistna district. The reading seems doubtful to me, and I therefore prefer to name the charter after its findspot. The report identifies Krovaśiri with modern Krōsūru in Sattenapalle taluk of Guntur district.</p>
<p>ARIE talks about “early angular characters” in attributing the plates to Vijayāditya II. Then, without skipping a breath, it states that the <foreign>ājñapti</foreign> of the grant is Paṇḍaraṅga, “the bee at the lotus-feet of Guṇagāṅka-Vijayāditya” (i.e. Vijayāditya III). Neither the name nor the description appear anywhere in the photos available online, but face 6 verso is not documented among the photos. Sampath confirms that 6v bears an <foreign>anuṣṭubh</foreign> stanza mentioning Paṇḍaraṅga. Pāṇḍarāṅga (as his name is more often spelt) is closely associated with Vijayāditya III, and is not known to have been associated with that king’s father Viṣṇuvardhana V or his grandfather Vijayāditya II. Thus, the present plates were in all likelihood issued by Vijayāditya III.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1938-1939"/><citedRange unit="page">7</citedRange><citedRange unit="appendix">A/1938-39</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">2</citedRange></bibl> with discussion at <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1938-1939"/><citedRange unit="page">71-72</citedRange><citedRange unit="section">4</citedRange></bibl>. Edited from estampages by M. D. Sampath (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01"/></bibl>) with facsimiles, without translation. The present edition was initially prepared for DHARMA by Dániel Balogh on the basis of photos published by the Indian Museum (Kolkata),<note><ref target="http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/im_kol-11358-19">http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/im_kol-11358-19</ref>. The photos show the seal, four inscribed faces and one blank face which must be 1r; Sampath's estampage is the only available visual documentation of 3v, which is badly damaged.</note>and has been subsequently collated with Sampath's edition.</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="MDS"><ptr target="bib:Sampath1975-1976_01"/></bibl>
</listBibl>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1938-1939"/><citedRange unit="page">7</citedRange><citedRange unit="appendix">A/1938-39</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">2</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1938-1939"/><citedRange unit="page">71-72</citedRange><citedRange unit="section">4</citedRange></bibl>
</listBibl>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
Commentary
The ARIE report reads the name of the donated village as Maṁgaveḍu, and identifies it with modern Maṅginapūḍi in Bandar taluk of Kistna district. The reading seems doubtful to me, and I therefore prefer to name the charter after its findspot. The report identifies Krovaśiri with modern Krōsūru in Sattenapalle taluk of Guntur district.
ARIE talks about “early angular characters” in attributing the plates to Vijayāditya II. Then, without skipping a breath, it states that the ājñapti of the grant is Paṇḍaraṅga, “the bee at the lotus-feet of Guṇagāṅka-Vijayāditya” (i.e. Vijayāditya III). Neither the name nor the description appear anywhere in the photos available online, but face 6 verso is not documented among the photos. Sampath confirms that 6v bears an anuṣṭubh stanza mentioning Paṇḍaraṅga. Pāṇḍarāṅga (as his name is more often spelt) is closely associated with Vijayāditya III, and is not known to have been associated with that king’s father Viṣṇuvardhana V or his grandfather Vijayāditya II. Thus, the present plates were in all likelihood issued by Vijayāditya III.