Ceruvu Mādhavaram plates of Viṣṇuvardhana V

Editor: Dániel Balogh.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00022.

Hand description:

Original punctuation. The only punctuation mark is at the very end; from the facsimile it could be a double dot, but Narasimhaswami describes it as "two strokes, one above the other" and I assume he is correct.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Eastern Cālukya (tfb-vengicalukya-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-03-10 17:38 (c0cf262), last modified 2025-03-05 11:57 (1bd117c).

⟨Page 1r⟩

I. Anuṣṭubh

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ sa(r)vv(ā)kāram aśeṣ¿ā?⟨a⟩sya

jagatas sa(r)vvadā ś(ivaṁ)

go-brāhmaṇ¿ā?⟨a⟩-nr̥pāṇ¿a?⟨ā⟩ñ ca

⟨2⟩ śivaṁ bh¿ā?⟨a⟩vatu sa⟨r⟩vvataḥ

svast¿a?⟨i⟩⟨.⟩ śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁst¿u?⟨ū⟩yamāna-mā⟨3⟩navya-sagotrāṇāṁ hārīti-putrāṇāṁ kauś¿ī?⟨i⟩kī-vara-prasāda-labdha-rājyānāṁ m{m}ā⟨4⟩tr̥-gaṇa-paripāl¿ī?⟨i⟩tānāṁ svāmi-mahāsena-pādānudhyātānāṁ bhagava⟨5⟩n-nārāyaṇa-prasāda-sam¿a?⟨ā⟩s¿a?⟨ā⟩dita-vara-varāha-lāñchanekṣaṇa-kṣaṇa-vaśīkr̥⟨6⟩tā{ṁ}rāti-maṇḍalānām aśvamedhā⟨va⟩bhr̥¿t?⟨th⟩a-snāna-pavitr¿i?⟨ī⟩kr̥ta-vapuṣāṁ samadhi⟨7⟩gatāśeṣ¿o?⟨a⟩-mahāśabd(ā)nām pa(ḍ)a-ḍhakkā-pā¿h?⟨ḷ⟩i-ketana-śvetātapatra-¿mi?⟨vī⟩jyamāna⟨Page 2r⟩⟨8⟩-¿bha?⟨cā⟩mara-kalāpa-gopura-dvārobhaya-pārśva-pratiṣṭhāpita-gaṁgā-yamunā⟨nāṁ cālukyānām anvaye⟩ ⟨9⟩ pr̥thivī-vallabha-mahārājādhirāja-parameśvara⟨ḥ⟩ parama-brahmaṇya(ḥ) para⟨10⟩ma-⟨mā⟩heśva(ra)⟨ḥ⟩ māt¿a?⟨ā⟩-pitr̥-pādānudhy¿a?⟨ā⟩tas sarvva-lokāśraya-śrī-viṣṇuvarddha(na)-ma⟨11⟩hārāja⟨ḥ⟩ tasya ¡suta! vijayāditya-¡mahārājasya! ¡putra! kali-viṭṭara⟨12⟩-¡nama(na)! śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-¡mahārājñā!⟨mahārājena⟩ nagara-sahitena liṁga-pra⟨ti⟩ṣṭhā⟨ṁ⟩ kr̥tvā ⟨13⟩ vijayavāṭa-pure ¡tasya!⟨tasmai⟩ nagareśvara-bhaṭṭārak¿a?⟨ā⟩ya Aṣṭottara-śata-(kha)⟨14⟩ṇḍikā-⟨ko⟩dravāvāpa-kṣetra⟨ṁ⟩ kāśyapa-gotra-droṇakuṟṟa-bhaṭṭa-ha(ste) suv¿ā?⟨a⟩⟨Page 2v⟩⟨15⟩rṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ ¡datta!⟨dattvā⟩ gr̥hītvā datta⟨ṁ⟩⟨.⟩ Ujjay¡a!⟨i⟩nyā⟨ṁ⟩ gaṁgaṟa-guh¡a!⟨ā⟩-vāsin(o) balasoma-bhaga⟨16⟩¡vantasya!⟨vataḥ⟩ ¡śiyṣa!⟨śiyṣasya⟩ Amr̥tasom¡a-Ā!cā⟨r⟩yyasya ¡śiyṣa!⟨śiyṣāya⟩ paśupati-bha⟨ga⟩v¿o?⟨a⟩t-p¿a?⟨ā⟩d¡a!⟨āya⟩

⟨17⟩ kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi-viṣaya-vāsinaḥ rāṣṭrak¿u?⟨ū⟩ṭa-pramukhān kuṭuṁbinas sarvv¿a?⟨ā⟩n ittham (ā)⟨18⟩jñāpayati⟨.⟩ viditam astu vo ⟨’⟩smābhi⟨ḥ⟩ Uttarāyaṇa-nimitte sodaka-pū⟨19⟩rvva⟨ṁ⟩ sarvva-kara-parihāra⟨ṁ⟩

tasyā(va)dhaya⟨ḥ⟩⟨.⟩ pūrvvataḥ mahā-pathaḥ⟨.⟩ dakṣinataḥ ma⟨20⟩h¿a?⟨ā⟩-pathaḥ⟨.⟩ paścimataḥ (ma)h¿a?⟨ā⟩-pa(thaḥ)⟨.⟩ (U)tt¿ā?⟨a⟩rataḥ ci(n)tagu(ṇṭh)⟦ī⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩ (p?)unna nāma grāma⟨ḥ⟩⟨.⟩

⟨21⟩ Asyopari na kenacid bādhā karaṇ(ī)yā⟨.⟩ yaḥ karot(i) sa pañca-mahāp(ā)⟨Page 3r⟩⟨22⟩taka-saṁyukto bhavati⟨.⟩ vyāsen(ā)py ¡uktā!

II. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā

bahubhiś cā⟨23⟩nupālitā

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya tadā (ph/p)alaṁ

III. Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattā(ṁ) pa⟨24⟩ra-dattāṁ vā

yo hareta vasundharāṁ

ṣaṣṭi(ṁ) varṣa-sahasr¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇi

viṣṭhāyā(ṁ jāya)⟨25⟩te kr̥miḥ

IV. Anuṣṭubh

na viṣaṁ viṣam ity (ā)huḥ

(de)⟨va⟩-svaṁ viṣam u(c)ya(te)

viṣam ekāki⟨26⟩na⟨ṁ⟩ ha(nti)

deva-svaṁ putra-pautrika(ṁ)

V. Anuṣṭubh

Ājñaptir asya dharmmasya

viṣṇuvarddhana-m¿a?⟨ā⟩tu⟨27⟩l¿ā?⟨o⟩

vikram¿a?⟨ā⟩kr¿a?⟨ā⟩nta-bhū-cakr¿(e)?⟨o⟩

vikramāditya-bhūpatiḥ

nagareśvara-bhaṭṭ(ā)r(a-t)¿a?⟨ā⟩m¿ā?⟨ra⟩⟨28⟩-¿saśāna?⟨śāsanaṁ⟩ ¿saśāna?⟨śāsanaṁ⟩ maram¿a?⟨ā⟩c¿a?⟨ā⟩ryy¿a?⟨e⟩ṇālikhi⟨taṁ⟩ na¿k?⟨g⟩areśvara-bhaṭṭārak¿a?⟨ā⟩ya~

⟨Page 3v⟩

⟨Page 1r⟩ 
⟨Page 1v⟩ 
⟨1⟩ sa(r)vv(ā)kāram aśeṣ¿ā?⟨a⟩sya jagatas sa(r)vvadā ś(ivaṁ) go-brāhmaṇ¿ā?⟨a⟩-nr̥pāṇ¿a?⟨ā⟩ñ ca 
⟨2⟩ śivaṁ bh¿ā?⟨a⟩vatu sa⟨r⟩vvataḥ  svast¿a?⟨i⟩⟨.⟩ śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁst¿u?⟨ū⟩yamāna-mā-
⟨3⟩ navya-sagotrāṇāṁ hārīti-putrāṇāṁ kauś¿ī?⟨i⟩kī-vara-prasāda-labdha-rājyānāṁ m{m}ā-
⟨4⟩ tr̥◯-gaṇa-paripāl¿ī?⟨i⟩tānāṁ svāmi-mahāsena-pādānudhyātānāṁ bhagava-
⟨5⟩ n-nārāyaṇa-prasāda-sam¿a?⟨ā⟩s¿a?⟨ā⟩dita-vara-varāha-lāñchanekṣaṇa-kṣaṇa-vaśīkr̥-
⟨6⟩ tā{ṁ}rāti-maṇḍalānām aśvamedhā⟨va⟩bhr̥¿t?⟨th⟩a-snāna-pavitr¿i?⟨ī⟩kr̥ta-vapuṣāṁ samadhi-
⟨7⟩ gatāśeṣ¿o?⟨a⟩-mahāśabd(ā)nām pa(ḍ)a-ḍhakkā-pā¿h?⟨ḷ⟩i-ketana-śvetātapatra-¿mi?⟨vī⟩jyamāna-
⟨Page 2r⟩ 
⟨8⟩ -¿bha?⟨cā⟩mara-kalāpa-gopura-dvārobhaya-pārśva-pratiṣṭhāpita-gaṁgā-yamunā⟨nāṁ cālukyānām anvaye⟩ 
⟨9⟩ pr̥thivī-vallabha-mahārājādhirāja-parameśvara⟨ḥ⟩ parama-brahmaṇya(ḥ) para-
⟨10⟩ ma-⟨mā⟩heśva(ra)⟨ḥ⟩ māt¿a?⟨ā⟩-pitr̥-pādānudhy¿a?⟨ā⟩tas sarvva-lokāśraya-śrī-viṣṇuvarddha(na)-ma-
⟨11⟩ hā◯rāja⟨ḥ⟩ tasya ¡suta! vijayāditya-¡mahārājasya! ¡putra! kali-viṭṭara-
⟨12⟩ -¡nama(na)! śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-¡mahārājñā!⟨mahārājena⟩ nagara-sahitena liṁga-pra⟨ti⟩ṣṭhā⟨ṁ⟩ kr̥tvā 
⟨13⟩ vijayavāṭa-pure ¡tasya!⟨tasmai⟩ nagareśvara-bhaṭṭārak¿a?⟨ā⟩ya Aṣṭottara-śata-(kha)-
⟨14⟩ ṇḍikā-⟨ko⟩dravāvāpa-kṣetra⟨ṁ⟩ kāśyapa-gotra-droṇakuṟṟa-bhaṭṭa-ha(ste) suv¿ā?⟨a⟩-
⟨Page 2v⟩ 
⟨15⟩ rṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ ¡datta!⟨dattvā⟩ gr̥hītvā datta⟨ṁ⟩⟨.⟩ Ujjay¡a!⟨i⟩nyā⟨ṁ⟩ gaṁgaṟa-guh¡a!⟨ā⟩-vāsin(o) balasoma-bhaga-
⟨16⟩ ¡vantasya!⟨vataḥ⟩ ¡śiyṣa!⟨śiyṣasya⟩ Amr̥tasom¡a-Ā!cā⟨r⟩yyasya ¡śiyṣa!⟨śiyṣāya⟩ paśupati-bha⟨ga⟩v¿o?⟨a⟩t-p¿a?⟨ā⟩d¡a!⟨āya⟩ 
⟨17⟩ kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi-viṣaya-vāsinaḥ rāṣṭrak¿u?⟨ū⟩ṭa-pramukhān kuṭuṁbinas sarvv¿a?⟨ā⟩n ittham (ā)-
⟨18⟩ jñā◯payati⟨.⟩ viditam astu vo ⟨’⟩smābhi⟨ḥ⟩ Uttarāyaṇa-nimitte sodaka-pū-
⟨19⟩ rvva⟨ṁ⟩ sarvva-kara-parihāra⟨ṁ⟩ tasyā(va)dhaya⟨ḥ⟩⟨.⟩ pūrvvataḥ mahā-pathaḥ⟨.⟩ dakṣinataḥ ma-
⟨20⟩ h¿a?⟨ā⟩-pathaḥ⟨.⟩ paścimataḥ (ma)h¿a?⟨ā⟩-pa(thaḥ)⟨.⟩ (U)tt¿ā?⟨a⟩rataḥ ci(n)tagu(ṇṭh)⟦ī⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩ (p?)unna nāma grāma⟨ḥ⟩⟨.⟩ 
⟨21⟩ Asyopari na kenacid bādhā karaṇ(ī)yā⟨.⟩ yaḥ karot(i) sa pañca-mahāp(ā)-
⟨Page 3r⟩ 
⟨22⟩ taka-saṁyukto bhavati⟨.⟩ vyāsen(ā)py ¡uktā!  bahubhir vvasudhā dattā bahubhiś cā-
⟨23⟩ nupālitā yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā (ph/p)alaṁ   sva-dattā(ṁ) pa-
⟨24⟩ ra-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharāṁ ṣaṣṭi(ṁ) varṣa-sahasr¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇi viṣṭhāyā(ṁ jāya)-
⟨25⟩ te ◯ kr̥miḥ   na viṣaṁ viṣam ity (ā)huḥ (de)⟨va⟩-svaṁ viṣam u(c)ya(te) viṣam ekāki-
⟨26⟩ na⟨ṁ⟩ ha(nti) deva-svaṁ putra-pautrika(ṁ)   Ājñaptir asya dharmmasya viṣṇuvarddhana-m¿a?⟨ā⟩tu-
⟨27⟩ l¿ā?⟨o⟩ vikram¿a?⟨ā⟩kr¿a?⟨ā⟩nta-bhū-cakr¿(e)?⟨o⟩ vikramāditya-bhūpatiḥ  nagareśvara-bhaṭṭ(ā)r(a-t)¿a?⟨ā⟩m¿ā?⟨ra⟩-
⟨28⟩ -¿saśāna?⟨śāsanaṁ⟩ ¿saśāna?⟨śāsanaṁ⟩ maram¿a?⟨ā⟩c¿a?⟨ā⟩ryy¿a?⟨e⟩ṇālikhi⟨taṁ⟩ na¿k?⟨g⟩areśvara-bhaṭṭārak¿a?⟨ā⟩ya~  
⟨Page 3v⟩ 

⟨Page 1r⟩

I. Anuṣṭubh

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ sa(r)vv(ā)kāram aśeṣ¿ā?⟨a⟩sya

jagatas sa(r)vvadā ś(ivaṁ)

go-brāhmaṇ¿ā?⟨a⟩-nr̥pāṇ¿a?⟨ā⟩ñ ca

⟨2⟩ śivaṁ bh¿ā?⟨a⟩vatu sa⟨r⟩vvataḥ

svast¿a?⟨i⟩⟨.⟩ śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁst¿u?⟨ū⟩yamāna-mā⟨3⟩navya-sagotrāṇāṁ hārīti-putrāṇāṁ kauś¿ī?⟨i⟩kī-vara-prasāda-labdha-rājyānāṁ m{m}ā⟨4⟩tr̥◯-gaṇa-paripāl¿ī?⟨i⟩tānāṁ svāmi-mahāsena-pādānudhyātānāṁ bhagava⟨5⟩n-nārāyaṇa-prasāda-sam¿a?⟨ā⟩s¿a?⟨ā⟩dita-vara-varāha-lāñchanekṣaṇa-kṣaṇa-vaśīkr̥⟨6⟩tā{ṁ}rāti-maṇḍalānām aśvamedhā⟨va⟩bhr̥¿t?⟨th⟩a-snāna-pavitr¿i?⟨ī⟩kr̥ta-vapuṣāṁ samadhi⟨7⟩gatāśeṣ¿o?⟨a⟩-mahāśabd(ā)nām pa(ḍ)a-ḍhakkā-pā¿h?⟨ḷ⟩i-ketana-śvetātapatra-¿mi?⟨vī⟩jyamāna⟨Page 2r⟩⟨8⟩-¿bha?⟨cā⟩mara-kalāpa-gopura-dvārobhaya-pārśva-pratiṣṭhāpita-gaṁgā-yamunā⟨nāṁ cālukyānām anvaye⟩ ⟨9⟩ pr̥thivī-vallabha-mahārājādhirāja-parameśvara⟨ḥ⟩ parama-brahmaṇya(ḥ) para⟨10⟩ma-⟨mā⟩heśva(ra)⟨ḥ⟩ māt¿a?⟨ā⟩-pitr̥-pādānudhy¿a?⟨ā⟩tas sarvva-lokāśraya-śrī-viṣṇuvarddha(na)-ma⟨11⟩hā◯rāja⟨ḥ⟩ tasya ¡suta! vijayāditya-¡mahārājasya! ¡putra! kali-viṭṭara⟨12⟩-¡nama(na)! śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-¡mahārājñā!⟨mahārājena⟩ nagara-sahitena liṁga-pra⟨ti⟩ṣṭhā⟨ṁ⟩ kr̥tvā ⟨13⟩ vijayavāṭa-pure ¡tasya!⟨tasmai⟩ nagareśvara-bhaṭṭārak¿a?⟨ā⟩ya Aṣṭottara-śata-(kha)⟨14⟩ṇḍikā-⟨ko⟩dravāvāpa-kṣetra⟨ṁ⟩ kāśyapa-gotra-droṇakuṟṟa-bhaṭṭa-ha(ste) suv¿ā?⟨a⟩⟨Page 2v⟩⟨15⟩rṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ ¡datta!⟨dattvā⟩ gr̥hītvā datta⟨ṁ⟩⟨.⟩ Ujjay¡a!⟨i⟩nyā⟨ṁ⟩ gaṁgaṟa-guh¡a!⟨ā⟩-vāsin(o) balasoma-bhaga⟨16⟩¡vantasya!⟨vataḥ⟩ ¡śiyṣa!⟨śiyṣasya⟩ Amr̥tasom¡a-Ā!cā⟨r⟩yyasya ¡śiyṣa!⟨śiyṣāya⟩ paśupati-bha⟨ga⟩v¿o?⟨a⟩t-p¿a?⟨ā⟩d¡a!⟨āya⟩

⟨17⟩ kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi-viṣaya-vāsinaḥ rāṣṭrak¿u?⟨ū⟩ṭa-pramukhān kuṭuṁbinas sarvv¿a?⟨ā⟩n ittham (ā)⟨18⟩jñā◯payati⟨.⟩ viditam astu vo ⟨’⟩smābhi⟨ḥ⟩ Uttarāyaṇa-nimitte sodaka-pū⟨19⟩rvva⟨ṁ⟩ sarvva-kara-parihāra⟨ṁ⟩

⟨21⟩ Asyopari na kenacid bādhā karaṇ(ī)yā⟨.⟩ yaḥ karot(i) sa pañca-mahāp(ā)⟨Page 3r⟩⟨22⟩taka-saṁyukto bhavati⟨.⟩ vyāsen(ā)py ¡uktā!

II. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā

bahubhiś cā⟨23⟩nupālitā

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya tadā (ph/p)alaṁ

III. Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattā(ṁ) pa⟨24⟩ra-dattāṁ vā

yo hareta vasundharāṁ

ṣaṣṭi(ṁ) varṣa-sahasr¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇi

viṣṭhāyā(ṁ jāya)⟨25⟩te ◯ kr̥miḥ

IV. Anuṣṭubh

na viṣaṁ viṣam ity (ā)huḥ

(de)⟨va⟩-svaṁ viṣam u(c)ya(te)

viṣam ekāki⟨26⟩na⟨ṁ⟩ ha(nti)

deva-svaṁ putra-pautrika(ṁ)

V. Anuṣṭubh

Ājñaptir asya dharmmasya

viṣṇuvarddhana-m¿a?⟨ā⟩tu⟨27⟩l¿ā?⟨o⟩

vikram¿a?⟨ā⟩kr¿a?⟨ā⟩nta-bhū-cakr¿(e)?⟨o⟩

vikramāditya-bhūpatiḥ

⟨Page 3v⟩

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ aśeṣ¿ā?⟨a⟩sya ⬦ aśeṣasya HKN. — ⟨1⟩ -nr̥pāṇ¿a?⟨ā⟩ñ ⬦ -nr̥pā¿na?⟨ṇā⟩ñ HKN.

⟨3⟩ hārīti- ⬦ hāritī- HKN • The distinction between i and ī is minimal; HKN may be right, or both vowels may be short. — ⟨3⟩ kauś¿ī?⟨i⟩kī- ⬦ kauśikī- HKN.

⟨4⟩ -paripāl¿ī?⟨i⟩tānāṁ ⬦ -paripālitānāṁ HKN.

⟨5⟩ -sam¿a?⟨ā⟩s¿a?⟨ā⟩dita- ⬦ -samāsādita- HKN.

⟨6⟩ °ā{ṁ}rāti- ⬦ °¿a?⟨ā⟩{ṁ}rāti- HKN • Possibly corrected from an erroneous nāṁ to tāṁ.

⟨7⟩ -śabd(ā)nām pa(ḍ)a- ⬦ -śabda-(jhaṁ)pada- HKN • For paḍa, see also the commentary. I assume the word to be synonymous to paṭaha. — ⟨7⟩ -pā¿h?⟨ḷ⟩i- ⬦ -pā¿h?⟨l⟩i- HKN • The inscribed h is in all probability a scribal error for the similar-looking ḷ, which could in turn be regularised to l. See also the commentary for related passages. — ⟨7⟩ -¿mi?⟨vī⟩jyamāna • The correction of m to v may have been made in the original; at least, the next character is very close to the right limb of the m, which implies that this limb is to be ignored.

⟨8⟩ ¿bha?⟨cā⟩mara- ⬦ (cā)mara- HKN. — ⟨8⟩ -yamunā⟨nāṁ cālukyānām anvaye⟩ ⬦ -yamunā HKN • I tentatively supply what is certainly missing from the passage, but the intended words may have been different, and a longer phrase may have been omitted. See also the commentary for some thoughts on this passage.

⟨10⟩ -lokāśraya- ⬦ -¿ma?⟨lo⟩kāśraya- HKN • The first character does rather resemble ma, but it was definitely intended to be a cursive lo.

⟨11⟩ tasya ¡suta! vijayāditya-¡mahārājasya! • Understand tasya sutasya vijayāditya-mahārājasya or tasya suto vijayāditya-mahārājas tasya. — ⟨11⟩ ¡putra! kali-viṭṭara⟨12⟩¡nama(na)! • I assume that putreṇa and the non-standard form nāmena was intended, and a small e marker may in fact be attached to the body of m. Alternatively, the intent may have been putraḥ kali-viṭṭara-nāmā tena.

⟨15⟩ Ujjay¡a!⟨i⟩nyā⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ Ujjay¡ā!⟨i⟩nyā HKN.

⟨17⟩ kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi- ⬦ kaṇḍeṟuvāḍi- HKN.

⟨19⟩ -parihāra⟨ṁ⟩ • Narasimhaswami restores parihāraḥ kr̥taḥ here and suggests a series of emendations to make coherent sentences in which the king is the explicit subject of ājñāpayati and the implicit agent of this sentence. The intended meaning is clearly along those lines, but the structure of the entire passage is too garbled.

⟨21⟩ (U)tt¿ā?⟨a⟩rataḥ HKN • There may have been a second vowel marker on the left of ttā (which would thus have been tto), and the marker on the left may have been deleted by a series of small cross-strokes. It is even possible that datto was first inscribed instead of Utta.

⟨20⟩ ci(n)tagu(ṇṭh)⟦ī⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩ (p?)unna ⬦ cintaguṇṭi(punta) HKN • It is clear in the original estampage that the ī marker has been crosshatched. I am confident of my reading except for the consonant for which I accept HKN’s p, but which is indistinct (m? v? dh? ṣ?) and may have been corrected.

⟨21⟩ grāma⟨ḥ⟩ HKN • The ā seems to be attached to the following m, but since it extends down to the baseline, which e rarely does, I choose to read it as ā on gr.

⟨22⟩ ¡uktā! ⬦ uktaM HKN • Understand, with HKN, uktam; or uktāḥ ślokāḥ may have been intended.

⟨27⟩ vikram¿a?⟨ā⟩kr¿a?⟨ā⟩nta- ⬦ vikrama-¿hra?⟨krā⟩nta- HKN • Narasimhaswami’s reading of h insted of k is probably a typo in his edition; the character is fairly clear. — ⟨27⟩ nagareśvara-… • The passage beginning here may have been intended for another anuṣṭubh stanza and was taken as such by HKN. See also the commentary. — ⟨27⟩ (-t)¿a?⟨ā⟩m¿ā?⟨ra⟩ ⬦ tām(r)a- HKN • I have no better suggestion than to assume that tāmra- was intended here, but something quite different cannot be excluded, as mā is clear and may even be followed by a final M (although no final consonants occur elsewhere in the text).

⟨28⟩ -¿saśāna?⟨śāsanaṁ⟩ ¿saśāna?⟨śāsanaṁ⟩ maram¿a?⟨ā⟩c¿a?⟨ā⟩ryy¿a?⟨e⟩ṇālikhi⟨taṁ⟩ ⬦ -¿saśāna?⟨śāsana-⟩ ¿saśānama?⟨śāsanM⟩ r¿a?⟨ā⟩m¿a?⟨ā⟩c¿a?⟨ā⟩ryy¿a?⟨e⟩ṇālikhi⟨taṁ⟩ HKN • I prefer to emend slightly differently than HKN in the first part of this segment; simple dittography is also possible, in which case one of the iterations is to be ignored. However, if the text was indeed meant to be verse, then HKN’s emendation is preferable. For the latter part of the segment, note that a Maramācārya was the writer of the Zulakallu plates of Vijayāditya I; he may have been the grandfather of the present Maramācārya.

Translation by Dániel Balogh

I

Let all manner of thing always be well for all the world, and let it be well in all regards for cows, Brahmins and kings.

(2–16) Greetings. ⟨In the dynasty of the Cālukyas⟩—who are of the Mānavya gotra which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Hāriti, who attained kingship by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, who were deliberately appointed (to kingship) by Lord Mahāsena, to whom the realms of adversaries instantaneously submit at the [mere] sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions (avabhr̥tha) of the Aśvamedha sacrifice, who have attained the five great sounds¹ [and whose insignia of power are?] the ¿kettledrum? (paḍa), the ¿hand drum? (ḍhakkā), the pennant garland (pāli-ketana), the rippling cluster of chowries, and (images of) Gaṅgā and Yamunā stationed on the two sides of the doorway of their ceremonial gate (gopura)—[was born] His Majesty King (mahārāja) Viṣṇuvardhana (IV), the supremely pious Emperor (mahārājādhirāja) and Supreme Lord (parameśvara), beloved of the Earth (pr̥thivī-vallabha) and shelter of all the world (sarva-lokāśraya), the supreme devotee of Maheśvara, who was deliberately appointed (as heir) by his mother and father. His son King (mahārāja) Vijayāditya (II)’s son His Majesty Viṣṇuvardhana (V) who is named Kali-Viṭṭara has, jointly with the town assembly (nagara), installed a liṅga and has granted land (sufficient) for sowing a hundred and eight khaṇḍikās of kodrava seed to that (deity) Nagareśvara Bhaṭṭāraka in the town of Vijayavāṭa, having purchased (the land) by handing over gold to Droṇakuṟṟa Bhaṭṭa of the Kāśyapa gotra. [The donation was made?] to His Reverence (bhavotpada)² Paśupati, disciple of the preceptor (ācārya) Amr̥tasoma who was the disciple of His Reverence (bhagavanta) Balasoma, who lived in the Gaṁgaṟa cave in Ujjayini.

(17–19) [Viṣṇuvardhana V] commands all householders (kuṭumbin)—including foremost the territorial overseers (rāṣṭrakūṭa)—who reside in Kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi district (viṣaya) as follows: let it be known to you that we [have given this land] with exemption from all taxes on the occasion of the winter solstice, [the donation being] sanctified by (a libation of) water.

(19–20) Its boundaries [are as follows]. To the east, the high road. To the south, the high road. To the west, the high road. To the north, the village named ¿Cintaguṇṭhapunna?.

(21–22) Let no-one pose an obstacle (to his enjoyment of his rights) over it. He who does so, shall be conjoined with the five great sins. Vyāsa too has said,

II

Many [kings] have granted land, and many have preserved it [as formerly granted]. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit {reward [accrued of granting it]} belongs to him at that time.

III

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.

IV

It is not [actual] poison that is [properly] called poison: it is the property of a god that is said to be poison. Poison kills just the one man, while [seizing] the property of a god [destroys] his progeny.

V

The executor (ājñapti) of this provision (dharma) is the maternal uncle of Viṣṇuvardhana: King (bhūpati) Vikramāditya, who has conquered the circle of the earth with his valour.

VI

[This] copperplate charter (tāmra-śāsana) of Nagareśvara Bhaṭṭāra is a royal decree (śāsana), written (ālikhita) by Maramācārya for the sake of Nagareśvara Bhaṭṭāraka.

Translation into French by Estienne-Monod 2008

I

Prospérité éternelle pour l’univers entier, ici, Que les vaches, les brahmanes et les rois aient en toutes choses la prospérité !

(1–16) Prospérité ! [Ornement de la lignée des Calukya] illustres, du même gotra que les descendants de Manu, honorés dans l’univers entier, fils de Hāritī, qui obtinrent leur royaume grâce à l’excellente faveur de Kauśikī, protégés par la troupes des Mères, méditant aux pieds du seigneur Mahāsena, dont le cercle des ennemis fut soumis en un instant à la vue du signe illustre de l’excellent sanglier, faveur octroyée par le bienheureux Nārāyaṇa, dont les corps furent purifiés par le bain purificatoire de l’aśvamedha, celui qui a érigé sur les deux rives de la Gaṅgā et de la Yamunā des portails et des Gopura en grand nombre, qui sont le blanc parasol et le chasse-mouches que l’on agite, emblèmes des souverains des Ḍhakka, [environnés] des clameurs-bruits intenses- de tous ceux qui s’y pressent, [est] Pr̥thivīvallabha, roi suprême des grands rois, seigneur suprême, très pieux, illustre dévôt de Maheśvara, méditant aux pieds de sa mère et de son père, fils du grand roi Vijayāditya, [lui-même] fils du grand roi illustre Viṣṇuvardhana, refuge de tous les hommes, [cet] illustre grand roi nommé Kali Viṭṭara a donné, après avoir érigé avec un conseil de marchands³ un liṅga dans la ville de Vijayavāṭa, un terrain, où l’on peut semer cent huit khaṇḍikā de kodrava, qui a été acheté⁴ à l’excellent chef des marchands, par l’intermédiaire Droṇakuṟṟabhaṭṭa,⁵ du gotra de Kaśyapa, aux pieds du bienheureux Paśupati, disciple du maître Amr̥tasoma, [ lui-même] disciple du bienheureux Balasoma d’Ujjayinī, habitant à Gaṁgaṟa-Guhā.

(17–19) A tous les chefs de familles habitant dans le viṣaya de Kaṇḍeṟuvāḍi, rāṣṭrakūṭa en tête, [le roi] ordonne ceci : qu’il soit connu de vous que par nous, à l’occasion du solstice d’été, après avoir fait une libation d’eau, [ce terrain] est exempté de toute taxe.

(19–20) Ses limites sont : à l’est la grande route, au sud la grande route, à l’ouest la grande route, au nord le village nommé Cintaguṇṭipunta.

(21–22) Aucune charge ne doit lui être imposée, celui qui en impose est lié aux cinq grands crimes. Vyāsa a dit :

II

beaucoup ont donné une terre, beaucoup l’ont protégée, celui qui possède la terre en possède le fruit.

III

Qu’elle soit donnée par lui ou par un autre, celui qui prend une terre renaît ver de terre dans les excréments pendant soixante mille ans.

IV

Le poison n’est pas un poison, dit-on : c’est le bien d’un dieu qu’on appelle [poison] : un poison tue un seul homme, le bien d’un dieu tue le fils et le petit-fils.

V

L’exécuteur de cette donation est l’oncle de Viṣṇuvardhana, le seigneur Vikramāditya, dont le vaillance a conquis le cercle de la terre.

VI

Le commandement que contient cette charte de cuivre, émanant de l’excellent chef des marchands, a été gravé par le maître Rāma pour le compte de l’excellent chef des marchands.

Commentary

For the strange and in all likelihood corrupt passage in lines 7-8, compare grants of the Western Cālukya Vijayāditya, which include some variations of the phrase gaṁgā-yamunā-pāḷi-dhvaja-paḍa-ḍhakkā-mahāśabda-cihnaka-māṇikya-mataṁgajādīn [as things that Vijayāditya conferred on (or acquired for the sake of?) his father], e.g. Fleet 1880, lines 23-24 and Sankalia 1921–1922 lines 24-25. Compare also gaṁgā-yamunā-pāḷi-dhvaja-daḍakkādi-paṁca-mahāśabda-cihne in lines 13-14 of an inscription of Pulikeśi I ((1878). Narasimhaswami cites the parallel dvāri pratiṣṭhāpita-gaṅgā-yamunā-candrāditya-pāli-ketana-samadhigataḥ pañca-mahāśabda from the Sātalūru plates of Vijayāditya III.⁶ The composer of the present inscription probably intended the compound ending with -yamunā in a way similar to my restoration in the edition, though it is also possible that this compound was meant to qualify Viṣṇuvardhana (rather than the dynasty), and was intended to end in something like -lakṣaṇaḥ.

The concluding verse may have been intended for another anuṣṭubh stanza and was taken as such by Naradimhaswami. If so, then quarter c is probably meant to be a na-vipulā or bha-vipulā (but metrically defective in both cases), and I see no possible way to fit the last quarter to an anuṣṭubh template.

Bibliography

Reported in Sircar 1958, p. 14, appendices A/1953-1954, № 1 with discussion in Sircar 1958, p. 2. Discussed before edition by N. Lakshminarayan Rao in Journal of Oriental Research (Madras), vol. 23, p89ff.⁷ Edited (with estampages, no translation) by H. K. Narasimhaswami (1967–1968). The present edition by Dániel Balogh is based on a collation of Narasimhaswami’s text with his facsimiles and with estampages preserved at the ASI (Mysore).⁸

Primary

[HKN] Narasimhaswami, H. K. 1967–1968. “Cheruvu-Madhavaram Plates of Kali-Vishnuvardhana.” EI 37, pp. 41–44.

Secondary

Sircar, Dines Chandra. 1958. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1953-54. Delhi: Manager of Publications (Department of Archaeology).

Notes

1. The expression pañca-mahāśabda probably refers to being honoured by the sound of five musical instruments, but may also mean five titles beginning with “great”. See Fleet 1888, pp. 296–298, n. 9 for a discussion.
2. Intended for bhagavat-pāda or bhavat-pāda.
3. D.C. Sircar, 1966, p. 208.
4. unique mention de notre corpus sur un échange de valeurs lors d’une donation.
5. littéralement : ayant donné de l’or à Droṇakuṟṟabhaṭṭa.
6. Narasimhaswami or the Bhāratī editor emends -samadhigataḥ to -samadhigata-, but this is not warranted in that context.
7. Not traced; the year is probably 1953; article title and page range not known.
8. The estampages are accompanied by a Devanagari transcript.

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samadhi<lb n="7" break="no"/>gatāśeṣ<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>-mahāśabd<unclear>ā</unclear>nām pa<unclear>ḍ</unclear>a-ḍhakkā-pā<choice><sic>h</sic><corr>ḷ</corr></choice>i-ketana-śvetātapatra-<choice><sic>mi</sic><corr>vī</corr></choice>jyamāna<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="8" break="no"/>-<choice><sic>bha</sic><corr>cā</corr></choice>mara-kalāpa-gopura-dvārobhaya-pārśva-pratiṣṭhāpita-gaṁgā-yamunā<supplied reason="omitted">nāṁ cālukyānām anvaye</supplied> <lb n="9"/>pr̥thivī-vallabha-mahārājādhirāja-parameśvara<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> parama-brahmaṇya<unclear>ḥ</unclear> para<lb n="10" break="no"/>ma-<supplied reason="omitted">mā</supplied>heśva<unclear>ra</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> māt<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>-pitr̥-pādānudhy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>tas sarvva-lokāśraya-śrī-viṣṇuvarddha<unclear>na</unclear>-ma<lb n="11" break="no"/>hā<space type="binding-hole"/>rāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> tasya <orig>suta</orig> vijayāditya-<orig>mahārājasya</orig> <orig>putra</orig> kali-viṭṭara<lb n="12" break="no"/>-<orig>nama<unclear>na</unclear></orig> śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-<choice><orig>mahārājñā</orig><reg>mahārājena</reg></choice> nagara-sahitena liṁga-pra<supplied reason="omitted">ti</supplied>ṣṭhā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> kr̥tvā <lb n="13"/>vijayavāṭa-pure <choice><orig>tasya</orig><reg>tasmai</reg></choice> nagareśvara-bhaṭṭārak<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ya Aṣṭottara-śata-<unclear>kha</unclear><lb n="14" break="no"/>ṇḍikā-<supplied reason="omitted">ko</supplied>dravāvāpa-kṣetra<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> kāśyapa-gotra-droṇakuṟṟa-bhaṭṭa-ha<unclear>ste</unclear> suv<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice><pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="15" break="no"/>rṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <choice><orig>datta</orig><reg>dattvā</reg></choice> gr̥hītvā datta<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Ujjay<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>nyā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> gaṁgaṟa-guh<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>-vāsin<unclear>o</unclear> balasoma-bhaga<lb n="16" break="no"/><choice><orig>vantasya</orig><reg>vataḥ</reg></choice> <choice><orig>śiyṣa</orig><reg>śiyṣasya</reg></choice> Amr̥tasom<orig>a-Ā</orig>cā<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>yyasya <choice><orig>śiyṣa</orig><reg>śiyṣāya</reg></choice> paśupati-bha<supplied reason="omitted">ga</supplied>v<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>t-p<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>d<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>āya</reg></choice>

<lb n="17"/>kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi-viṣaya-vāsinaḥ rāṣṭrak<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>ṭa-pramukhān kuṭuṁbinas sarvv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>n ittham <unclear>ā</unclear><lb n="18" break="no"/>jñā<space type="binding-hole"/>payati<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> viditam astu vo <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>smābhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> Uttarāyaṇa-nimitte sodaka-pū<lb n="19" break="no"/>rvva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sarvva-kara-parihāra<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>

tasyā<unclear>va</unclear>dhaya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> pūrvvataḥ mahā-pathaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> dakṣinataḥ ma<lb n="20" break="no"/>h<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>-pathaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> paścimataḥ <unclear>ma</unclear>h<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>-pa<unclear>thaḥ</unclear><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> <unclear>U</unclear>tt<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>rataḥ ci<unclear>n</unclear>tagu<unclear>ṇṭh</unclear><subst><del rend="strikeout">ī</del><add place="overstrike">a</add></subst> <unclear cert="low">p</unclear>unna nāma grāma<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>

<lb n="21"/>Asyopari na kenacid bādhā karaṇ<unclear>ī</unclear>yā<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> yaḥ karot<unclear>i</unclear> sa pañca-mahāp<unclear>ā</unclear><pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="22" break="no"/>taka-saṁyukto bhavati<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> vyāsen<unclear>ā</unclear>py <orig>uktā</orig>

<l n="a">bahubhir vvasudhā dattā</l>

<l n="b">bahubhiś cā<lb n="23" break="no"/>nupālitā</l>

<l n="c">yasya yasya yadā bhūmis</l>

<l n="d">tasya tasya tadā <choice><unclear>ph</unclear><unclear>p</unclear></choice>alaṁ</l>

</lg>

<l n="a">sva-dattā<unclear>ṁ</unclear> pa<lb n="24" break="no"/>ra-dattāṁ vā</l>

<l n="b">yo hareta vasundharāṁ</l>

<l n="c">ṣaṣṭi<unclear>ṁ</unclear> varṣa-sahasr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ṇi</l>

<l n="d">viṣṭhāyā<unclear>ṁ jāya</unclear><lb n="25" break="no"/>te <space type="binding-hole"/> kr̥miḥ</l>

</lg>

<l n="a">na viṣaṁ viṣam ity <unclear>ā</unclear>huḥ</l>

<l n="b"><unclear>de</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">va</supplied>-svaṁ viṣam u<unclear>c</unclear>ya<unclear>te</unclear></l>

<l n="c">viṣam ekāki<lb n="26" break="no"/>na<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> ha<unclear>nti</unclear></l>

<l n="d">deva-svaṁ putra-pautrika<unclear>ṁ</unclear></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">Ājñaptir asya dharmmasya</l>

<l n="b">viṣṇuvarddhana-m<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>tu<lb n="27" break="no"/>l<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>o</corr></choice></l>

<l n="c">vikram<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>kr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>nta-bhū-cakr<choice><sic><unclear>e</unclear></sic><corr>o</corr></choice></l>

<l n="d">vikramāditya-bhūpatiḥ</l>

</lg>

nagareśvara-bhaṭṭ<unclear>ā</unclear>r<unclear>a-t</unclear><choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>m<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>ra</corr></choice><lb n="28" break="no"/>-<choice><sic>saśāna</sic><corr>śāsanaṁ</corr></choice> <choice><sic>saśāna</sic><corr>śāsanaṁ</corr></choice> maram<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>c<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ryy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>ṇālikhi<supplied reason="omitted">taṁ</supplied>

na<choice><sic>k</sic><corr>g</corr></choice>areśvara-bhaṭṭārak<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ya<g type="dashDouble">.</g>

</div>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">aśeṣasya</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem>hārīti-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">hāritī-</rdg>

<note>The distinction between <foreign>i</foreign> and <foreign>ī</foreign> is minimal; HKN may be right, or both vowels may be short.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">kauśikī-</rdg>

</app>

<lem>-paripāl<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>tānāṁ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">-paripālitānāṁ</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">-samāsādita-</rdg>

</app>

<note>Possibly corrected from an erroneous <foreign>nāṁ</foreign> to <foreign>tāṁ</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">-śabda-<unclear>jhaṁ</unclear>pada-</rdg>

<note>For <foreign>paḍa</foreign>, see also the commentary. I assume the word to be synonymous to <foreign>paṭaha</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<note>The inscribed <foreign>h</foreign> is in all probability a scribal error for the similar-looking <foreign>ḷ</foreign>, which could in turn be regularised to <foreign>l</foreign>. See also the commentary for related passages.</note>

</app>

<lem>-<choice><sic>mi</sic><corr>vī</corr></choice>jyamāna</lem>

<note>The correction of <foreign>m</foreign> to <foreign>v</foreign> may have been made in the original; at least, the next character is very close to the right limb of the <foreign>m</foreign>, which implies that this limb is to be ignored.</note>

</app>

</app>

<lem>-yamunā<supplied reason="omitted">nāṁ cālukyānām anvaye</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">-yamunā</rdg>

<note>I tentatively supply what is certainly missing from the passage, but the intended words may have been different, and a longer phrase may have been omitted. See also the commentary for some thoughts on this passage.</note>

</app>

<lem>-lokāśraya-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">-<choice><sic>ma</sic><corr>lo</corr></choice>kāśraya-</rdg>

<note>The first character does rather resemble <foreign>ma</foreign>, but it was definitely intended to be a cursive <foreign>lo</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>tasya <orig>suta</orig> vijayāditya-<orig>mahārājasya</orig></lem>

<note>Understand <foreign>tasya sutasya vijayāditya-mahārājasya</foreign> or <foreign>tasya suto vijayāditya-mahārājas tasya</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem><orig>putra</orig> kali-viṭṭara<lb n="12" break="no"/><orig>nama<unclear>na</unclear></orig></lem>

<note>I assume that <foreign>putreṇa</foreign> and the non-standard form <foreign>nāmena</foreign> was intended, and a small <foreign>e</foreign> marker may in fact be attached to the body of <foreign>m</foreign>. Alternatively, the intent may have been <foreign>putraḥ kali-viṭṭara-nāmā tena</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>Ujjay<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>nyā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">Ujjay<choice><orig>ā</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>nyā</rdg>

</app>

<lem>kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">kaṇḍeṟuvāḍi-</rdg>

</app>

<lem>-parihāra<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<note>Narasimhaswami restores <foreign>parihāraḥ kr̥taḥ</foreign> here and suggests a series of emendations to make coherent sentences in which the king is the explicit subject of <foreign>ājñāpayati</foreign> and the implicit agent of this sentence. The intended meaning is clearly along those lines, but the structure of the entire passage is too garbled.</note>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01"><unclear>U</unclear>tt<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>rataḥ</lem>

<note>There may have been a second vowel marker on the left of <foreign>ttā</foreign> (which would thus have been <foreign>tto</foreign>), and the marker on the left may have been deleted by a series of small cross-strokes. It is even possible that <foreign>datto</foreign> was first inscribed instead of <foreign>Utta</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">cintaguṇṭi<unclear>punta</unclear></rdg>

<note>It is clear in the original estampage that the <foreign>ī</foreign> marker has been crosshatched. I am confident of my reading except for the consonant for which I accept HKN's <foreign>p</foreign>, but which is indistinct (<foreign>m</foreign>? <foreign>v</foreign>? <foreign>dh</foreign>? <foreign>ṣ</foreign>?) and may have been corrected.</note>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">grāma<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></lem>

<note>The <foreign>ā</foreign> seems to be attached to the following <foreign>m</foreign>, but since it extends down to the baseline, which <foreign>e</foreign> rarely does, I choose to read it as <foreign>ā</foreign> on <foreign>gr</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">uktaM</rdg>

<note>Understand, with HKN, <foreign>uktam</foreign>; or <foreign>uktāḥ ślokāḥ</foreign> may have been intended.</note>

</app>

<lem>vikram<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>kr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>nta-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">vikrama-<choice><sic>hra</sic><corr>krā</corr></choice>nta-</rdg>

<note>Narasimhaswami's reading of <foreign>h</foreign> insted of <foreign>k</foreign> is probably a typo in his edition; the character is fairly clear.</note>

</app>

<lem>nagareśvara-<gap reason="ellipsis"/></lem>

<note>The passage beginning here may have been intended for another <foreign>anuṣṭubh</foreign> stanza and was taken as such by HKN. See also the commentary.</note>

</app>

<note>I have no better suggestion than to assume that <foreign>tāmra-</foreign> was intended here, but something quite different cannot be excluded, as <foreign>mā</foreign> is clear and may even be followed by a final <foreign>M</foreign> (although no final consonants occur elsewhere in the text).</note>

</app>

<lem>-<choice><sic>saśāna</sic><corr>śāsanaṁ</corr></choice> <choice><sic>saśāna</sic><corr>śāsanaṁ</corr></choice> maram<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>c<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ryy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>ṇālikhi<supplied reason="omitted">taṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01">-<choice><sic>saśāna</sic><corr>śāsana-</corr></choice> <choice><sic>saśānama</sic><corr>śāsanM</corr></choice> r<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>m<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>c<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ryy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>ṇālikhi<supplied reason="omitted">taṁ</supplied></rdg>

<note>I prefer to emend slightly differently than HKN in the first part of this segment; simple dittography is also possible, in which case one of the iterations is to be ignored. However, if the text was indeed meant to be verse, then HKN's emendation is preferable. For the latter part of the segment, note that a Maramācārya was the writer of the <ref target="DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00018.xml">Zulakallu plates of Vijayāditya I</ref>; he may have been the grandfather of the present Maramācārya.</note>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Let all manner of thing always be well for all the world, and let it be well in all regards for cows, Brahmins and kings.

Greetings. <supplied reason="omitted">In the dynasty of the Cālukyas</supplied>—who are of the Mānavya gotra which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Hāriti, who attained kingship by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, who were deliberately appointed <supplied reason="explanation">to kingship</supplied> by Lord Mahāsena, to whom the realms of adversaries instantaneously submit at the <supplied reason="subaudible">mere</supplied> sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>avabhr̥tha</foreign></supplied> of the Aśvamedha sacrifice, who have attained the five great sounds<note>The expression <foreign>pañca-mahāśabda</foreign> probably refers to being honoured by the sound of five musical instruments, but may also mean five titles beginning with “great”. See <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1888_01"/><citedRange unit="page">296-298</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">9</citedRange></bibl> for a discussion.</note> <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">and whose insignia of power are</supplied> the <seg cert="low">kettledrum</seg> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paḍa</foreign></supplied>, the <seg cert="low">hand drum</seg> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ḍhakkā</foreign></supplied>, the pennant garland <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pāli-ketana</foreign></supplied>, the rippling cluster of chowries, and <supplied reason="explanation">images of</supplied> Gaṅgā and Yamunā stationed on the two sides of the doorway of their ceremonial gate <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gopura</foreign></supplied>—<supplied reason="subaudible">was born</supplied> His Majesty King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Viṣṇuvardhana <supplied reason="explanation">IV</supplied>, the supremely pious Emperor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārājādhirāja</foreign></supplied> and Supreme Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parameśvara</foreign></supplied>, beloved of the Earth <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pr̥thivī-vallabha</foreign></supplied> and shelter of all the world <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>sarva-lokāśraya</foreign></supplied>, the supreme devotee of Maheśvara, who was deliberately appointed <supplied reason="explanation">as heir</supplied> by his mother and father. His son King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Vijayāditya <supplied reason="explanation">II</supplied>’s son His Majesty Viṣṇuvardhana <supplied reason="explanation">V</supplied> who is named Kali-Viṭṭara has, jointly with the town assembly <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nagara</foreign></supplied>, installed a <foreign>liṅga</foreign> and has granted land <supplied reason="explanation">sufficient</supplied> for sowing a hundred and eight <foreign>khaṇḍikā</foreign>s of <foreign>kodrava</foreign> seed to that <supplied reason="explanation">deity</supplied> Nagareśvara Bhaṭṭāraka in the town of Vijayavāṭa, having purchased <supplied reason="explanation">the land</supplied> by handing over gold to Droṇakuṟṟa Bhaṭṭa of the Kāśyapa <foreign>gotra</foreign>. <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">The donation was made</supplied> to His Reverence <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhavotpada</foreign></supplied><note>Intended for <foreign>bhagavat-pāda</foreign> or <foreign>bhavat-pāda</foreign>.</note> Paśupati, disciple of the preceptor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ācārya</foreign></supplied> Amr̥tasoma who was the disciple of His Reverence <supplied reason="explanation">bhagavanta</supplied> Balasoma, who lived in the Gaṁgaṟa cave in Ujjayini.

<supplied reason="subaudible">Viṣṇuvardhana V</supplied> commands all householders <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭumbin</foreign></supplied>—including foremost the territorial overseers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>rāṣṭrakūṭa</foreign></supplied>—who reside in Kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi district <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣaya</foreign></supplied> as follows: let it be known to you that we <supplied reason="subaudible">have given this land</supplied> with exemption from all taxes on the occasion of the winter solstice, <supplied reason="subaudible">the donation being</supplied> sanctified by <supplied reason="explanation">a libation of</supplied> water.

Its boundaries <supplied reason="subaudible">are as follows</supplied>. To the east, the high road. To the south, the high road. To the west, the high road. To the north, the village named <seg cert="low">Cintaguṇṭhapunna</seg>.

Let no-one pose an obstacle <supplied reason="explanation">to his enjoyment of his rights</supplied> over it. He who does so, shall be conjoined with the five great sins. Vyāsa too has said,

Many <supplied reason="subaudible">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="subaudible">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="subaudible">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.

It is not <supplied reason="subaudible">actual</supplied> poison that is <supplied reason="subaudible">properly</supplied> called poison: it is the property of a god that is said to be poison. Poison kills just the one man, while <supplied reason="subaudible">seizing</supplied> the property of a god <supplied reason="subaudible">destroys</supplied> his progeny.

The executor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ājñapti</foreign></supplied> of this provision <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dharma</foreign></supplied> is the maternal uncle of Viṣṇuvardhana: King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhūpati</foreign></supplied> Vikramāditya, who has conquered the circle of the earth with his valour.

<supplied reason="subaudible">This</supplied> copperplate charter <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tāmra-śāsana</foreign></supplied> of Nagareśvara Bhaṭṭāra is a royal decree <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śāsana</foreign></supplied>, written <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ālikhita</foreign></supplied> by Maramācārya for the sake of Nagareśvara Bhaṭṭāraka.

</div>

Prospérité éternelle pour l’univers entier, ici,

Que les vaches, les brahmanes et les rois aient en toutes choses la prospérité !

Prospérité ! <supplied reason="subaudible">Ornement de la lignée des Calukya</supplied> illustres, du même <foreign>gotra</foreign> que les descendants de Manu, honorés dans l’univers entier, fils de Hāritī, qui obtinrent leur royaume grâce à l’excellente faveur de Kauśikī, protégés par la troupes des Mères, méditant aux pieds du seigneur Mahāsena, dont le cercle des ennemis fut soumis en un instant à la vue du signe illustre de l’excellent sanglier, faveur octroyée par le bienheureux Nārāyaṇa, dont les corps furent purifiés par le bain purificatoire de l’<foreign>aśvamedha</foreign>,

celui qui a érigé sur les deux rives de la Gaṅgā et de la Yamunā des portails et des Gopura en grand nombre, qui sont le blanc parasol et le chasse-mouches que l’on agite, emblèmes des souverains des Ḍhakka, <supplied reason="subaudible">environnés</supplied> des clameurs-bruits intenses- de tous ceux qui s’y pressent, <supplied reason="subaudible">est</supplied> Pr̥thivīvallabha, roi suprême des grands rois, seigneur suprême, très pieux, illustre dévôt de Maheśvara, méditant aux pieds de sa mère et de son père,

fils du grand roi Vijayāditya, <supplied reason="subaudible">lui-même</supplied> fils du grand roi illustre Viṣṇuvardhana, refuge de tous les hommes, <supplied reason="subaudible">cet</supplied> illustre grand roi nommé Kali Viṭṭara a donné, après avoir érigé avec un conseil de marchands<note>D.C. Sircar, 1966, p. 208.</note> un <foreign>liṅga</foreign> dans la ville de Vijayavāṭa, un terrain, où l’on peut semer cent huit <foreign>khaṇḍikā</foreign> de <foreign>kodrava</foreign>, qui a été acheté<note>unique mention de notre corpus sur un échange de valeurs lors d’une donation.</note> à l’excellent chef des marchands, par l’intermédiaire Droṇakuṟṟabhaṭṭa,<note>littéralement : ayant donné de l’or à Droṇakuṟṟabhaṭṭa.</note> du <foreign>gotra</foreign> de Kaśyapa, aux pieds du bienheureux Paśupati, disciple du maître Amr̥tasoma, <supplied reason="subaudible"> lui-même</supplied> disciple du bienheureux Balasoma d’Ujjayinī, habitant à Gaṁgaṟa-Guhā.

A tous les chefs de familles habitant dans le viṣaya de Kaṇḍeṟuvāḍi, <foreign>rāṣṭrakūṭa</foreign> en tête, <supplied reason="subaudible">le roi</supplied> ordonne ceci : qu’il soit connu de vous que par nous, à l’occasion du solstice d’été, après avoir fait une libation d’eau, <supplied reason="subaudible">ce terrain</supplied> est exempté de toute taxe.

Ses limites sont :

à l’est la grande route,

au sud la grande route,

à l’ouest la grande route,

au nord le village nommé Cintaguṇṭipunta.

Aucune charge ne doit lui être imposée, celui qui en impose est lié aux cinq grands crimes. Vyāsa a dit :

beaucoup ont donné une terre, beaucoup l’ont protégée,

celui qui possède la terre en possède le fruit.

Qu’elle soit donnée par lui ou par un autre, celui qui prend une terre renaît ver de terre dans les excréments pendant soixante mille ans.

Le poison n’est pas un poison, dit-on : c’est le bien d’un dieu qu’on appelle <supplied reason="subaudible">poison</supplied> : un poison tue un seul homme, le bien d’un dieu tue le fils et le petit-fils.

L’exécuteur de cette donation est l’oncle de Viṣṇuvardhana,

le seigneur Vikramāditya, dont le vaillance a conquis le cercle de la terre.

Le commandement que contient cette charte de cuivre, émanant de l’excellent chef des marchands, a été gravé par le maître Rāma pour le compte de l’excellent chef des marchands.

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For the strange and in all likelihood corrupt passage in lines 7-8, compare grants of the Western Cālukya Vijayāditya, which include some variations of the phrase <foreign>gaṁgā-yamunā-pāḷi-dhvaja-paḍa-ḍhakkā-mahāśabda-cihnaka-māṇikya-mataṁgajādīn</foreign> [as things that Vijayāditya conferred on (or acquired for the sake of?) his father], e.g. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1880_02"/></bibl>, lines 23-24 and <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sankalia1921-1922_01"/></bibl> lines 24-25. Compare also <foreign>gaṁgā-yamunā-pāḷi-dhvaja-daḍakkādi-paṁca-mahāśabda-cihne</foreign> in lines 13-14 of an inscription of Pulikeśi I ((<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Fleet1878_03"/></bibl>). Narasimhaswami cites the parallel <foreign>dvāri pratiṣṭhāpita-gaṅgā-yamunā-candrāditya-pāli-ketana-samadhigataḥ pañca-mahāśabda</foreign> from the <ref target="DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00069.xml">Sātalūru plates of Vijayāditya III</ref>.<note>Narasimhaswami or the <title>Bhāratī</title> editor emends <foreign>-samadhigataḥ</foreign> to <foreign>-samadhigata-</foreign>, but this is not warranted in that context.</note> The composer of the present inscription probably intended the compound ending with <foreign>-yamunā</foreign> in a way similar to my restoration in the edition, though it is also possible that this compound was meant to qualify Viṣṇuvardhana (rather than the dynasty), and was intended to end in something like <foreign>-lakṣaṇaḥ</foreign>.

The concluding verse may have been intended for another <foreign>anuṣṭubh</foreign> stanza and was taken as such by Naradimhaswami. If so, then quarter c is probably meant to be a na-vipulā or bha-vipulā (but metrically defective in both cases), and I see no possible way to fit the last quarter to an <foreign>anuṣṭubh</foreign> template.

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Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1953-1954"/><citedRange unit="page">14</citedRange><citedRange unit="appendix">A/1953-1954</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">1</citedRange></bibl> with discussion in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1953-1954"/><citedRange>2</citedRange></bibl>. Discussed before edition by N. Lakshminarayan Rao in Journal of Oriental Research (Madras), vol. 23, p89ff.<note>Not traced; the year is probably 1953; article title and page range not known.</note> Edited (with estampages, no translation) by H. K. Narasimhaswami (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Narasimhaswami1967-1968_01"/></bibl>). The present edition by Dániel Balogh is based on a collation of Narasimhaswami's text with his facsimiles and with estampages preserved at the ASI (Mysore).<note>The estampages are accompanied by a Devanagari transcript.</note>

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