Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00051.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-18 13:12 (d59dd56).

Edition

Logical
Physical
Full

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩avidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita{ḥ}mahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavi⟨1v2⟩nayasampatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśra⟨1v3⟩ya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kā⟨1v4⟩⟨rt⟩tikeya Iva kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnu⟨ḥ⟩ somava⟨1v5⟩¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśi⟨1v6⟩vaguptarājaḥ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| rohās¿i?⟨ī⟩mābhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yacorapadrake brāhma⟨1v7⟩ṇāṁ sa{ṁ}mpūjya sapradhānā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsinonyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś ca yathākālādhyāsina⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩s samāhartṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt¿i?⟨ī⟩¡t!⟨n⟩ sarvvarājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ samājñā⟨2r2⟩payati

viditam astu bhavatā⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grāmas sanidhi⟨2r3⟩s sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvva⟨2r4⟩p¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā⟨vi⟩varjjitas sadaśāparādha⟨ḥ⟩ kanyakubjavinirggatāya k¿o?⟨au⟩śi⟨2r5⟩kasagottrāya {c}chāndogak¿o?⟨au⟩thu¡n!⟨m⟩abhaṭṭajejjaṭāyodakapūrvva⟨ṁ⟩ mā⟨2r6⟩tāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{v}raśāsanenācandrārkkasa⟨2r7⟩makālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ pratipādita Ity

avagamyāsya vidheyair bhūtvā⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨2v1⟩ samucita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ bhavadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukha⟨ṁ⟩ prativasta⟨2v2⟩vyam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yate

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūmi⟨2v3⟩pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo na⟨2v4⟩rake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT|

Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya calāñ ca lakṣmī⟨2v5⟩m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩

¿Ā?⟨A⟩pi ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālana⟨2v6⟩yos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ ⟨2v7⟩ pratipadyate||

vyāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā

¿Ā?⟨A⟩gner apatyaṁ ⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇaṁ

bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ s¿u?⟨ū⟩ryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena ⟨3r2⟩ bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT|

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasa⟨3r3⟩hasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmida⟨ḥ⟩

Ācchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ca tāny eva na⟨3r4⟩rake vase⟨T⟩

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya ⟨3r5⟩ yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadat⟨t⟩āṁ paradattām vā yatnā⟨3r6⟩d rakṣa{ḥ} yudhi⟨ṣṭhi⟩ra

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha{ḥ} dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Seal

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩ śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates⟨Page 1r⟩ 
⟨Page 1v⟩ 
⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩avidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita{ḥ}mahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavi-
⟨1v2⟩ nayasampatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśra-
⟨1v3⟩ ya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kā-
⟨1v4⟩ ⟨rt⟩tikeya I◯va kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnu⟨ḥ⟩ somava-
⟨1v5⟩ ¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśi-
⟨1v6⟩ vaguptarājaḥ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| rohās¿i?⟨ī⟩mābhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yacorapadrake brāhma-
⟨1v7⟩ ṇāṁ sa{ṁ}mpūjya sapradhānā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsinonyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś ca yathākālādhyāsina-
⟨Page 2r⟩ 
⟨2r1⟩ s samāhartṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt¿i?⟨ī⟩¡t!⟨n⟩ sarvvarājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ samājñā-
⟨2r2⟩ payati viditam astu bhavatā⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grāmas sanidhi-
⟨2r3⟩ s sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvva-
⟨2r4⟩ p¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā⟨vi⟩va◯rjjitas sadaśāparādha⟨ḥ⟩ kanyakubjavinirggatāya k¿o?⟨au⟩śi-
⟨2r5⟩ kasagottrāya {c}chāndogak¿o?⟨au⟩thu¡n!⟨m⟩abhaṭṭajejjaṭāyodakapūrvva⟨ṁ⟩ mā-
⟨2r6⟩ tāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{v}raśāsanenācandrārkkasa-
⟨2r7⟩ makālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ pratipādita Ity avagamyāsya vidheyair bhūtvā
⟨Page 2v⟩ 
⟨2v1⟩ samucita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ bhavadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukha⟨ṁ⟩ prativasta-
⟨2v2⟩ vyam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yate  bhūmi-
⟨2v3⟩ pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo na-
⟨2v4⟩ rake nṛśa◯¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT| Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya calāñ ca lakṣmī-
⟨2v5⟩ m āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩ ¿Ā?⟨A⟩pi ca  rakṣāpālana-
⟨2v6⟩ yos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩ ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ 
⟨2v7⟩ pratipadyate|| vyāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāharanti  ¿Ā?⟨A⟩gner apatyaṁ 
⟨Page 3r⟩ 
⟨3r1⟩ prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇaṁ bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ s¿u?⟨ū⟩ryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩ dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena 
⟨3r2⟩ bhavanti lokā ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT|  ṣaṣṭivarṣasa-
⟨3r3⟩ hasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmida⟨ḥ⟩ Ācchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ca tāny eva na-
⟨3r4⟩ rake vase⟨T⟩  ◯bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩ yasya yasya 
⟨3r5⟩ yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ  svadat⟨t⟩āṁ paradattām vā yatnā-
⟨3r6⟩ d rakṣa{ḥ} yudhi⟨ṣṭhi⟩ra mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha{ḥ} dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩ ¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩avidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita{ḥ}mahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavi⟨1v2⟩nayasampatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśra⟨1v3⟩ya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kā⟨1v4⟩⟨rt⟩tikeya I◯va kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnu⟨ḥ⟩ somava⟨1v5⟩¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśi⟨1v6⟩vaguptarājaḥ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| rohās¿i?⟨ī⟩mābhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yacorapadrake brāhma⟨1v7⟩ṇāṁ sa{ṁ}mpūjya sapradhānā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsinonyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś ca yathākālādhyāsina⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩s samāhartṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt¿i?⟨ī⟩¡t!⟨n⟩ sarvvarājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ samājñā⟨2r2⟩payati

viditam astu bhavatā⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grāmas sanidhi⟨2r3⟩s sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvva⟨2r4⟩p¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā⟨vi⟩va◯rjjitas sadaśāparādha⟨ḥ⟩ kanyakubjavinirggatāya k¿o?⟨au⟩śi⟨2r5⟩kasagottrāya {c}chāndogak¿o?⟨au⟩thu¡n!⟨m⟩abhaṭṭajejjaṭāyodakapūrvva⟨ṁ⟩ mā⟨2r6⟩tāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{v}raśāsanenācandrārkkasa⟨2r7⟩makālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ pratipādita Ity

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūmi⟨2v3⟩pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo na⟨2v4⟩rake nṛśa◯¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT|

Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya calāñ ca lakṣmī⟨2v5⟩m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩

¿Ā?⟨A⟩pi ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālana⟨2v6⟩yos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ ⟨2v7⟩ pratipadyate||

vyāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā

¿Ā?⟨A⟩gner apatyaṁ ⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇaṁ

bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ s¿u?⟨ū⟩ryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena ⟨3r2⟩ bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT|

IV. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasa⟨3r3⟩hasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmida⟨ḥ⟩

Ācchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ca tāny eva na⟨3r4⟩rake vase⟨T⟩

V. Anuṣṭubh

◯bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya ⟨3r5⟩ yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadat⟨t⟩āṁ paradattām vā yatnā⟨3r6⟩d rakṣa{ḥ} yudhi⟨ṣṭhi⟩ra

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha{ḥ} dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

⟨1v1⟩ °kṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩a° ⬦ °kṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śa° BJ.

⟨1v2⟩ °vijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣu° ⬦ °vijigīṣu° BJ.

⟨1v4⟩ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śṛī° BJ.

⟨1v5⟩ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śṛī° BJ.

⟨1v6⟩ °s¿i?⟨ī⟩mā° ⬦ °sīmā° BJ.

⟨2r4⟩ °p¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā° ⬦ °pīḍā° BJ.

⟨2r5⟩ °gottrāya ⬦ °gotrāya BJ.

⟨2v2⟩ ud⟨d⟩iśyedam ⬦ udiṣyedam BJ.

⟨2v4⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya ⬦ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya BJ.

⟨3r1⟩ prathama⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ prathamam BJ. — ⟨3r1⟩ vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ ⬦ vaiṣṇavī BJ.

⟨3r2⟩ dadyāT ⬦ dadyā⟨T⟩ BJ.

⟨3r5⟩ phalaṁ ⬦ phala BJ. — ⟨3r5⟩ svadat⟨t⟩āṁ ⬦ svadat⟨t⟩ā BJ.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world

Plates

(1v1–2r2) Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas (i.e., Śiva); who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Corapadraka situated in the Rohāsīmā bhoga, [the king] issues [the following command] to all royal officers, beginning with the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted [in the village], and to the other inhabitants [of that village] with their headman:

(2r2–2r7) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to bhaṭṭa Jejjaṭa belonging to the Kauthuma [branch] and the Chāndoga (Sāmaveda) of the lineage of Kauśika and coming originally from Kanyakubja. [The grant], which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, comes along with [the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops; [the right to collect] all taxes [payable to the king]; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and [the right to] punish and realise fines for the ten offences.

(2r7–2v2) Knowing this, [you] should be obedient [to the received orders] and render the proper [shares of] periodical offerings and produce to the donee, while living happily [in this village]. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v2–2v5

[Kings] who donate land sport in heaven, [but] look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

And also:

2v5–2v7

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

(2v7) And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

2v7–3r2

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r2–3r4

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r4–3r5

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r5–3r6

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

Commentary

Despite being a complete set of three copperplates, the content of this charter is unfinished: The text ends abruptly after the exhortatory verses, which means that there is no concluding section with a date in regnal years.

Bibliography

First edited by Jain et al. 2005, pp. 196–217 from the original plates; published again by Bosma 2013; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Jain).

Primary

[NB] Bosma, Natasja. 2013. “The Bāleśvara temple complex of Śivagupta: epigraphical evidence for the Śaiva Siddhānta and Soma Siddhānta traditions in Dakṣiṇa Kosala.” IIJ 56 (3-4), pp. 245–261. DOI: 10.1163/15728536-13560309. [URL].

[BJ] Jain, Balchandra, Girdhari L. Raikwar and Rahul Kumar Singh. 2005. Utkīrṇa lekha. Second edition. Chhattīsgarh (India): Culture & Archaeology Department. Pages 196–217.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 82, 259.

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1992. “Balesvara-Bhattaraka, a hitherto unknown Saiva establishment at Sripura.” JESI 18, pp. 15–23.

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 196–217.

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<title>Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated</title>

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<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

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<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>

<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant

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<change who="part:nabo" when="2020-10-13" status="draft">Adding text and translation</change>

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<l n="ab">rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śrīharṣaguptasya sūno<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sadguṇaśālina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

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<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣit<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><choice><orig>ṣ</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>avidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita<surplus>ḥ</surplus>mahan<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yavi<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>nayasampatsa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>pāditasakalavijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśra<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kā<lb n="1v4" break="no"/><supplied reason="omitted">rt</supplied>tikeya I<space type="binding-hole"/>va kṛttivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>harṣadevasya sūnu<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> somava<lb n="1v5" break="no"/><choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śasambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mahāśi<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>vaguptarājaḥ kuśal<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><g type="ddandaHooked"/> rohās<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mābhog<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yacorapadrake brāhma<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>ṇāṁ sa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>mpūjya sapradhānā<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> prativāsinonyā<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>ś ca yathākālādhyāsina<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>s samāhartṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><choice><orig>t</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> sarvvarājapuruṣā<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied> samājñā<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>payati</p> <p>viditam astu bhavatā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> yathāsmābhir aya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> grāmas sanidhi<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>s sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvva<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>p<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḍā<supplied reason="omitted">vi</supplied>va<space type="binding-hole"/>rjjitas sadaśāparādha<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kanyakubjavinirggatāya k<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>au</corr></choice>śi<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>kasagottrāya <surplus>c</surplus>chāndogak<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>au</corr></choice>thu<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>abhaṭṭajejjaṭāyodakapūrvva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mā<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>tāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ṛddhaye tām<surplus>v</surplus>raśāsanenācandrārkkasa<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>makālopabhogārtha<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> pratipādita Ity</p> <p>avagamyāsya vidheyair bhūtvā<pb n="2v"/><lb n="2v1"/>samucita<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> bhavadbhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sukha<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> prativasta<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>vyam iti<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>iśyedam abhidh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yate</p>

<l n="a">bhūmi<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta</l>

<l n="b">hṛtvā mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> nṛpatayo na<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>rake nṛśa<space type="binding-hole"/><choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sāT<g type="dandaPlain"/></l>

<l n="c">Etad <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>vaya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> parikal<choice><sic>ai</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>yya calāñ ca lakṣmī<lb n="2v5" break="no"/>m</l>

<l n="d">āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣṭa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l></lg>

<l n="ab">rakṣāpālana<lb n="2v6" break="no"/>yos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></l>

<l n="cd">ko nāma svarggam u<choice><orig>cchri</orig><reg>tsṛ</reg></choice>jya narakaṁ <lb n="2v7"/>pratipadyate<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<p>vyāsag<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>tā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ś cāt<surplus>t</surplus>ra ślokān udāharanti</p>

<l n="a"><choice><sic>Ā</sic><corr>A</corr></choice>gner apatyaṁ <pb n="3r"/><lb n="3r1"/>prathama<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> suvarṇṇaṁ</l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice> s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>ryyasutāś ca gāva<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> trayas tena <lb n="3r2"/>bhavanti lokā</l>

<l n="d">ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kāñcana<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> gāñ ca mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ñ ca dadyāT<g type="dandaPlain"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">ṣaṣṭivarṣasa<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>hasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmida<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">Ācchet<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ā cānumantā ca tāny eva na<lb n="3r4" break="no"/>rake vase<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><space type="binding-hole"/>bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sagarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">yasya yasya <lb n="3r5"/>yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>āṁ paradattām vā yatnā<lb n="3r6" break="no"/>d rakṣa<surplus>ḥ</surplus> yudhi<supplied reason="omitted">ṣṭhi</supplied>ra</l>

<l n="cd">mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śreṣṭha<surplus>ḥ</surplus> dānā<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied> śreyo 'nupālana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

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<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

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<lem>°vijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣu°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°vijigīṣu°</rdg>

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<lem>°gottrāya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°gotrāya</rdg>

</app>

<lem>ud<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>iśyedam</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">udiṣyedam</rdg>

</app>

<lem>parikal<choice><sic>ai</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>yya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">parikal<choice><sic>ai</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>yya</rdg>

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<lem>prathama<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">prathamam</rdg>

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<lem>vvaiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">vaiṣṇavī</rdg>

</app>

<lem>dadyāT</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">dadyā<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied></rdg>

</app>

<lem>phalaṁ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">phala</rdg>

</app>

<lem>svadat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>āṁ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">svadat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ā</rdg>

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<p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-2r2">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Corapadraka situated in the Rohāsīmā <foreign>bhoga</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to all royal officers, beginning with the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>, and to the other inhabitants <supplied reason="subaudible">of that village</supplied> with their headman:</p>

<p n="2r2-2r7">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to <foreign>bhaṭṭa</foreign> Jejjaṭa belonging to the Kauthuma <supplied reason="subaudible">branch</supplied> and the Chāndoga <supplied reason="explanation">Sāmaveda</supplied> of the lineage of Kauśika and coming originally from Kanyakubja. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant</supplied>, which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences.</p>

<p n="2r7-2v2">Knowing this, <supplied reason="subaudible">you</supplied> should be obedient <supplied reason="subaudible">to the received orders</supplied> and render the proper <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce to the donee, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>

<p n="2v2-2v5" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>

<p n="2v5-2v7" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>

<p n="2v7">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="2v7-3r2" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>

<p n="3r2-3r4" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r5-3r6" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p></div></div>

<p>Despite being a complete set of three copperplates, the content of this charter is unfinished: The text ends abruptly after the exhortatory verses, which means that there is no concluding section with a date in regnal years.</p></div>

<p>First edited by Jain <foreign>et al.</foreign> <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jain+al2005_01"/><citedRange>196-217</citedRange></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Bosma <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Bosma2013_01"/></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Jain).</p>

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