Malhār Plates of Śivagupta, undated

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00050.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-18 13:12 (d59dd56).

Edition

Logical
Physical
Full

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩no⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita{ḥ}mahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavina⟨1v2⟩yasampatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ pra⟨1v3⟩kṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārttikeya ⟨1v4⟩ Iva kṛt⟨t⟩ivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩nuḥ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śa⟨1v5⟩sambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivagu⟨1v6⟩ptarājaḥ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| ¿u?⟨o⟩ṇibhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yaśuṣkasirillikāyāṁ br¿a?⟨ā⟩hmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sampū⟨1v7⟩jya sapradhānā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsinonyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś ca samāha⟨r⟩tṛsan⟨n⟩idhātṛprabh¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨n⟩ yathā⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩kālādhyāsinas sarvvarājapuruṣā¡ṅ!⟨n⟩ samājñāpayati

viditam astu ⟨2r2⟩ bhavatā⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapra⟨2r3⟩veśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā⟨vi⟩varjjita⟨ḥ⟩ sadaśāparādhaḥ ⟨2r4⟩ kosalānagarapratiṣṭhitaśr¿i?⟨ī⟩śivanandin¿e?⟨a⟩kāritakapā⟨2r5⟩leśvarabhaṭṭārakayo khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskārakaraṇāya balicaru⟨2r6⟩pravarttanāya ¡mu!⟨U⟩dakapūrvvam ācandrārkkasamakālopabhogāya mātā⟨2r7⟩pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye śr¿i?⟨ī⟩śivanandivijñaptyā tām{v}raśāsane⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩na pratipādita{ḥ} Ity

avagamya vidheyair bhūtvā yathocitabhogabhāgam upa⟨2v2⟩nayadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ bhavadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prativasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān u⟨2v3⟩d⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yate

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā ⟨2v4⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT|

Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya ⟨2v5⟩ calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩

¿Ā?⟨A⟩pi ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

⟨2v6⟩ rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phala⟨ṁ⟩ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩⟨2v7⟩jya naraka⟨ṁ⟩ pratipadyate||

vyāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā

¿Ā?⟨A⟩⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩gner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨3r2⟩⟨s⟩ t{t}rayas tena bhavanti lokā

yaḥ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyā⟨T⟩|

IV. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3r3⟩ ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

¿A?⟨Ā⟩cchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ⟨3r4⟩ c¿ā?⟨a⟩ tāny eva narake vase⟨T⟩|

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨3r5⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

sva⟨3r6⟩dattāṁ paradat⟨t⟩ām vā yatnād rakṣa{ḥ} yudhiṣṭhira{ḥ}

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha ⟨3r7⟩ dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Seal

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩no⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩ śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates⟨Page 1r⟩ 
⟨Page 1v⟩ 
⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita{ḥ}mahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavina-
⟨1v2⟩ yasampatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ pra-
⟨1v3⟩ kṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārttikeya
⟨1v4⟩ Iva kṛ◯t⟨t⟩ivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩nuḥ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śa-
⟨1v5⟩ sambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivagu-
⟨1v6⟩ ptarājaḥ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| ¿u?⟨o⟩ṇibhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yaśuṣkasirillikāyāṁ br¿a?⟨ā⟩hmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sampū-
⟨1v7⟩ jya sapradhānā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsinonyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś ca samāha⟨r⟩tṛsan⟨n⟩idhātṛprabh¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨n⟩ yathā-
⟨Page 2r⟩ 
⟨2r1⟩ kālādhyāsinas sarvvarājapuruṣā¡ṅ!⟨n⟩ samājñāpayati viditam astu
⟨2r2⟩ bhavatā⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapra-
⟨2r3⟩ veśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā⟨vi⟩varjjita⟨ḥ⟩ sadaśāparādhaḥ
⟨2r4⟩ kosalā◯nagarapratiṣṭhitaśr¿i?⟨ī⟩śivanandin¿e?⟨a⟩kāritakapā-
⟨2r5⟩ leśvarabhaṭṭārakayo khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskārakaraṇāya balicaru-
⟨2r6⟩ pravarttanāya ¡mu!⟨U⟩dakapūrvvam ācandrārkkasamakālopabhogāya mātā-
⟨2r7⟩ pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye śr¿i?⟨ī⟩śivanandivijñaptyā tām{v}raśāsane-
⟨Page 2v⟩ 
⟨2v1⟩ na pratipādita{ḥ} Ity avagamya vidheyair bhūtvā yathocitabhogabhāgam upa-
⟨2v2⟩ nayadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ bhavadbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prativasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān u-
⟨2v3⟩ d⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yate  bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hanta hṛtvā 
⟨2v4⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛ◯patayo narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT| Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya 
⟨2v5⟩ calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩ ¿Ā?⟨A⟩pi ca  
⟨2v6⟩ rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phala⟨ṁ⟩ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩ ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩-
⟨2v7⟩ jya naraka⟨ṁ⟩ pratipadyate|| vyāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti  ¿Ā?⟨A⟩-
⟨Page 3r⟩ 
⟨3r1⟩ gner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩ dattā-
⟨3r2⟩ ⟨s⟩ t{t}rayas tena bhavanti lokā yaḥ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyā⟨T⟩|  
⟨3r3⟩ ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ ¿A?⟨Ā⟩cchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā 
⟨3r4⟩ c¿ā?⟨a⟩ tāny e◯va narake vase⟨T⟩|  bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ 
⟨3r5⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩ yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ  sva-
⟨3r6⟩ dattāṁ paradat⟨t⟩ām vā yatnād rakṣa{ḥ} yudhiṣṭhira{ḥ} mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha 
⟨3r7⟩ dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩ ¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩no⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita{ḥ}mahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavina⟨1v2⟩yasampatsa⟨ṁ⟩pāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ pra⟨1v3⟩kṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārttikeya ⟨1v4⟩ Iva kṛ◯t⟨t⟩ivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩nuḥ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śa⟨1v5⟩sambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivagu⟨1v6⟩ptarājaḥ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩|| ¿u?⟨o⟩ṇibhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yaśuṣkasirillikāyāṁ br¿a?⟨ā⟩hmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sampū⟨1v7⟩jya sapradhānā¡t!⟨n⟩ prativāsinonyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś ca samāha⟨r⟩tṛsan⟨n⟩idhātṛprabh¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨n⟩ yathā⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩kālādhyāsinas sarvvarājapuruṣā¡ṅ!⟨n⟩ samājñāpayati

viditam astu ⟨2r2⟩ bhavatā⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapra⟨2r3⟩veśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā⟨vi⟩varjjita⟨ḥ⟩ sadaśāparādhaḥ ⟨2r4⟩ kosalā◯nagarapratiṣṭhitaśr¿i?⟨ī⟩śivanandin¿e?⟨a⟩kāritakapā⟨2r5⟩leśvarabhaṭṭārakayo khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskārakaraṇāya balicaru⟨2r6⟩pravarttanāya ¡mu!⟨U⟩dakapūrvvam ācandrārkkasamakālopabhogāya mātā⟨2r7⟩pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye śr¿i?⟨ī⟩śivanandivijñaptyā tām{v}raśāsane⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩na pratipādita{ḥ} Ity

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā ⟨2v4⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛ◯patayo narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāT|

Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩yya ⟨2v5⟩ calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa⟨ṁ⟩

¿Ā?⟨A⟩pi ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

⟨2v6⟩ rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phala⟨ṁ⟩ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svarggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩⟨2v7⟩jya naraka⟨ṁ⟩ pratipadyate||

vyāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā

¿Ā?⟨A⟩⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩gner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨3r2⟩⟨s⟩ t{t}rayas tena bhavanti lokā

yaḥ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyā⟨T⟩|

IV. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3r3⟩ ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

¿A?⟨Ā⟩cchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ⟨3r4⟩ c¿ā?⟨a⟩ tāny e◯va narake vase⟨T⟩|

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨3r5⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

sva⟨3r6⟩dattāṁ paradat⟨t⟩ām vā yatnād rakṣa{ḥ} yudhiṣṭhira{ḥ}

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha ⟨3r7⟩ dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

⟨1v5⟩ mātā° ⬦ mātṛ° AMS.

⟨1v7⟩ sapradhānā¡t!⟨n⟩ ⬦ sapradhānān AMS. — ⟨1v7⟩ °prabh¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩t¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨n⟩ ⬦ °prabh¿i?⟨ṛ⟩ti AMS.

⟨2r1⟩ sarvva° ⬦ sarva° AMS.

⟨2r3⟩ sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā⟨vi⟩varjjita⟨ḥ⟩ ⬦ sarvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāvarjjitaḥ AMS.

⟨3r2⟩ t{t}rayas ⬦ trayas AMS.

⟨3r6⟩ paradat⟨t⟩ām ⬦ paradattām AMS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world

Plates

(1v1–2r1) Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas (i.e., Śiva); who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Śuṣkasirillikā situated in the Oṇi bhoga, [the king] issues [the following command] to all royal officers, beginning with the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted [in the village], and to the other inhabitants [of that village] with their headman:

(2r1–2v1) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to [the temple of the god] Kapāleśvara-bhaṭṭāraka, which was constructed by Śivanandin, a resident of Kosalānagara. [The grant], which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, was issued at the request of Śivanandin for the purpose of [financing] the repair of the temple’s broken parts and the performance of bali and caru offerings and comes along with [the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops; [the right to collect] all taxes [payable to the king]; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and [the right to] punish and realise fines for the ten offences.

(2v1–2v3) Knowing this, [you] should be obedient [to the received orders] and render the proper [shares of] periodical offerings and produce, while living happily [in this village]. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v3–2v5

[Kings] who donate land sport in heaven, [but] look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

And also:

2v6–2v7

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

(2v7) And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

2v7–3r2

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r3–3r4

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r4–3r5

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r5–3r7

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

Commentary

Despite being a complete set of three copperplates, the content of this charter is unfinished: The text ends abruptly after the exhortatory verses, which means that there is no concluding section with a date in regnal years.

Bibliography

Edited by Shastri 1995, pp. 138–140; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs.

Primary

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 138–140.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 38, 69, 258–259.

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<title>Malhār Plates of Śivagupta, undated</title>

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<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

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<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

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<l n="ab">rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śrīharṣaguptasya s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>no<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sadguṇaśālina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

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<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣit<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādita<surplus>ḥ</surplus>mahan<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yavina<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>yasampatsa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>pāditasakalavijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> pra<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>kṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kārttikeya<lb n="1v4"/>Iva kṛ<space type="binding-hole"/>t<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ivāsaso rājñaḥ śṛ<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>harṣadevasya s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>nuḥ somava<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śa<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>sambhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mahāśivagu<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>ptarājaḥ kuśal<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><g type="ddandaHooked"/> <choice><sic>u</sic><corr>o</corr></choice>ṇibhog<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yaśuṣkasirillikāyāṁ br<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>hmaṇā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sampū<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>jya sapradhānā<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> prativāsinonyā<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>ś ca samāha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>tṛsan<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied>idhātṛprabh<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>t<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied> yathā<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>kālādhyāsinas sarvvarājapuruṣā<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> samājñāpayati</p> <p>viditam astu<lb n="2r2"/>bhavatā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭapra<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>veśas sarvvakarādānasametas sarvvap<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḍā<supplied reason="omitted">vi</supplied>varjjita<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sadaśāparādhaḥ<lb n="2r4"/>kosalā<space type="binding-hole"/>nagarapratiṣṭhitaśr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>śivanandin<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>kāritakapā<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>leśvarabhaṭṭārakayo khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskārakaraṇāya balicaru<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>pravarttanāya <choice><orig>mu</orig><reg>U</reg></choice>dakapūrvvam ācandrārkkasamakālopabhogāya mātā<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>pittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ṛddhaye śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>śivanandivijñaptyā tām<surplus>v</surplus>raśāsane<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>na pratipādita<surplus>ḥ</surplus> Ity</p> <p>avagamya vidheyair bhūtvā yathocitabhogabhāgam upa<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>nayadbhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> bhavadbhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sukhaṁ prativasta<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yam iti<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān u<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>d<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>iśyedam abhidh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yate</p>

<l n="a">bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hanta</l>

<l n="b">hṛtvā <lb n="2v4"/>mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> nṛ<space type="binding-hole"/>patayo narake nṛśa<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sāT<g type="dandaPlain"/></l>

<l n="c">Etad <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>vaya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> parikal<choice><sic>ai</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>yya <lb n="2v5"/>calāñ ca lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>m</l>

<l n="d">āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣṭa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><lb n="2v6"/>rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phala<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sugatidurggat<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></l>

<l n="cd">ko nāma svarggam u<choice><orig>cchri</orig><reg>tsṛ</reg></choice><lb n="2v7" break="no"/>jya naraka<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> pratipadyate<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<p>vyāsag<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>tā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ś cātra ślokān udāharanti</p>

<l n="a"><choice><sic>Ā</sic><corr>A</corr></choice><pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>gner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice> sūryyasutāś ca gāva<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c">dattā<lb n="3r2" break="no"/><supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> t<surplus>t</surplus>rayas tena bhavanti lokā</l>

<l n="d">yaḥ kāñcana<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> gāñ ca mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ñ ca dadyā<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied><g type="dandaPlain"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><lb n="3r3"/>ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd"><choice><sic>A</sic><corr>Ā</corr></choice>cchet<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ā cānumantā <lb n="3r4"/>c<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice> tāny e<space type="binding-hole"/>va narake vase<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied><g type="dandaPlain"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <lb n="3r5"/>sagarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">sva<lb n="3r6" break="no"/>dattāṁ paradat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ām vā yatnād rakṣa<surplus>ḥ</surplus> yudhiṣṭhira<surplus>ḥ</surplus></l>

<l n="cd">mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śreṣṭha <lb n="3r7"/>dānā<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied> śreyo 'nupālana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

</div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

</app>

<lem>sapradhānā<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>n</reg></choice></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">sapradhānān</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°prabh<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>t<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°prabh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ṛ</corr></choice>ti</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sarvva°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">sarva°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sarvvap<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḍā<supplied reason="omitted">vi</supplied>varjjita<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">sarvap<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḍāvarjjitaḥ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>t<surplus>t</surplus>rayas</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">trayas</rdg>

</app>

<lem>paradat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ām</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">paradattām</rdg>

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<p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-2r1">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Śuṣkasirillikā situated in the Oṇi <foreign>bhoga</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to all royal officers, beginning with the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>, and to the other inhabitants <supplied reason="subaudible">of that village</supplied> with their headman:</p>

<p n="2r1-2v1">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to <supplied reason="subaudible">the temple of the god</supplied> Kapāleśvara-bhaṭṭāraka, which was constructed by Śivanandin, a resident of Kosalānagara. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant</supplied>, which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, was issued at the request of Śivanandin for the purpose of <supplied reason="subaudible">financing</supplied> the repair of the temple’s broken parts and the performance of <foreign>bali</foreign> and <foreign>caru</foreign> offerings and comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences.</p>

<p n="2v1-2v3">Knowing this, <supplied reason="subaudible">you</supplied> should be obedient <supplied reason="subaudible">to the received orders</supplied> and render the proper <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>

<p n="2v3-2v5" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>

<p n="2v6-2v7" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>

<p n="2v7">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="2v7-3r2" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>

<p n="3r3-3r4" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r5-3r7" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p></div></div>

<p>Despite being a complete set of three copperplates, the content of this charter is unfinished: The text ends abruptly after the exhortatory verses, which means that there is no concluding section with a date in regnal years.</p></div>

<p>Edited by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>138-140</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs.</p>

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