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· <title>Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 37</title>
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15 <forename>Natasja</forename>
· <surname>Bosma</surname>
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20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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· <forename>Natasja</forename>
· <surname>Bosma</surname>
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· <p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Natasja Bosma.</p>
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40 </availability>
· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
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· <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· <lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="ab">rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śrīharṣaguptasya sūno<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sadguṇaśālina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
90 <l n="cd">śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
· </lg></div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
· <pb n="1r"/>
· <p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣit<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><choice><orig>ṣ</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>avidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yavi<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>nayasampatsaṁpāditasakalavijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><lb n="1v3"/>prakṛṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvi<surplus>ḥ</surplus>ta<surplus>ḥ</surplus>mahābhyudaya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kārttikeya<lb n="1v4"/>Iva kṛt<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>i<space type="binding-hole"/>vāsaso rājñaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>harṣadevasya sūnu<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> somava<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śasa<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>mbhava<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> paramamāheśvaro mātāpi<supplied reason="omitted">tṛpā</supplied>dānudhyāta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mahāśivaguptarājaḥ<lb n="1v6"/>kuśal<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><g type="ddandaHooked"/> svalpaśarkarāmārgg<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ya</supplied>hastipadrake brāhmaṇāṁ<surplus>ṅ</surplus> saṁpūjya sapra<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>dhānā<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> prativāsino yathākālādhyāsina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> samāhartṛsannidhā<surplus>r</surplus>tṛprabhṛt<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>n anyā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ś cāsmatpādopaj<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sarvvarājapuruṣā<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied> saka<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied>ṇān adhikā<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>riṇaś ca samājñāpayati</p> <p>viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir aya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> grāma<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><lb n="2r3"/>sanidhāna<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sopanidhāna<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sadaśāp<subst><del>ā</del><add place="overstrike">a</add></subst>rādha<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sarvvakarādānasameta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> prati<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>ṣi<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhacāṭa<space type="binding-hole"/>bhaṭapraveś<choice><orig>ā</orig><reg>aḥ A</reg></choice>dya vaiśākhaprathamapañcamyā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>bāleśva<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>rapratiṣṭhākāl<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice> nandap<choice><sic>ū</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>r<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yabhagavatpādad<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>rghācāryyaśiṣyavyāpaśivā<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>cāryyabhagavatpādānā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice> udakapūrvvaṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ṛddha<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>ye tām<surplus>v</surplus>raśāsanenācandrārkasamakālopabhogārtha<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> pratipādita Ity</p> <p>a<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>vagatyāmiṣā samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi<surplus>ḥ</surplus>r bhavadbhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sukha<unclear>ṁ</unclear> pra<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>tivastavyam iti<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān ud<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>iśyedam abhidh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yate</p>
95 <lg n="1" met="vasantatilakā">
· <l n="a">bhūmi<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>pradā divi lala<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nti patanti hanta</l>
· <l n="b">hṛtvā mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> nṛpatayo narake nṛśa<lb n="2v4" break="no"/><choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sāT<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l>
· <l n="c">Eta<space type="binding-hole"/>d <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>vayaṁ parikal<choice><sic>ai</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>yya calāñ ca lakṣmīm</l>
· <l n="d">āyus tathā kuruta <lb n="2v5"/>yad bhavatām abh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣṭaṁ</l></lg>
100 <ab><choice><sic>Ā</sic><corr>A</corr></choice>pi ca</ab>
· <lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="ab">rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></l>
· <l n="cd">ko <lb n="2v6"/>nāma svarggam u<choice><orig>cchri</orig><reg>tsṛ</reg></choice>jya narakaṁ pratipadyate<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>
· <p>vyāsag<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>tāṁś cāt<surplus>t</surplus>ra ślokān u<lb n="2v7" break="no"/>dāharanti</p>
105 <lg n="3" met="indravajrā">
· <l n="a">Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇaṁ</l>
· <l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice> sūryyasutā<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>ś ca gāvaḥ</l>
· <l n="c">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> t<surplus>t</surplus>rayas tena bhavanti lokā</l>
· <l n="d">ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ kā</supplied>ñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ñ ca dadyāT</l></lg>
110 <lg n="4" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="ab"><lb n="3r2"/>ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>
· <l n="cd">Ācchet<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ā cānuma<surplus>ṁ</surplus>ntā ca tā<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>ny eva narake vaseT</l></lg>
· <lg n="5" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="ab">bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sagarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
115 <l n="cd">yasya <lb n="3r4"/>yasya yadā <space type="binding-hole"/>bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>
· <lg n="6" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="ab">svadattāṁ <surplus>m</surplus>paradat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ām vā <lb n="3r5"/>yatnād rakṣa<surplus>ḥ</surplus> yudhiṣṭhira</l>
· <l n="cd">mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śreṣṭha<surplus>ḥ</surplus> dānā<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied> śreyo 'nupālana<lb n="3r6" break="no"/><choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>
· <ab><choice><orig>i</orig><reg>I</reg></choice>ti<g type="ddandaHooked"/></ab>
120 <p>pravarddhamānavijayarājye samvatsare saptatri<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śe vaiśā<lb n="3r7" break="no"/>khaprathamapañcamy<choice><orig>ā</orig><reg>āṁ A</reg></choice>ṅkenāpi samvaT <num value="30">rla</num> <num value="7">gra</num> vaiśākha dina <num value="5">5</num></p></div></div>
· <div type="apparatus">
· <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head></div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
· <listApp>
125 <app loc="1v4">
· <lem>śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">śrī°</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="1v5">
130 <lem>mātāpi<supplied reason="omitted">tṛpā</supplied>dānudhyāta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">mātāpi<supplied reason="omitted">tṛ</supplied>pāpādānudhyāta</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="1v5">
· <lem>śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>°</lem>
135 <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">śrī°</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="1v6">
· <lem>°mārgg<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ya</supplied>°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°mārggī°</rdg>
140 </app>
· <app loc="1v6">
· <lem>brāhmaṇāṁ<surplus>ṅ</surplus> saṁpūjya</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">brāhmaṇāṅ sapūjya</rdg>
· </app>
145 <app loc="2r1">
· <lem>°opaj<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°opajīvina</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="2r4">
150 <lem>śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">śrī°</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="2r6">
· <lem>°pādānā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice></lem>
155 <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°pādānāṁm</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="2r6">
· <lem>udaka°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">udraka°</rdg>
160 </app>
· <app loc="2v3">
· <lem>mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">mahī</rdg>
· </app>
165 <app loc="2v5">
· <lem><choice><sic>Ā</sic><corr>A</corr></choice>pi</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">Api</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="2v6">
170 <lem>°g<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>tāṁś</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°gītāṁś</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="2v7">
· <lem>vvaiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></lem>
175 <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">vvaiṣṇavī</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="3r1">
· <lem>ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ kā</supplied>ñcanaṁ</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">ya <supplied reason="omitted">kā</supplied>ñcunaṁ</rdg>
180 </app>
· <app loc="3r1">
· <lem>ca mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ñ ca</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">cu mahīñ cu</rdg>
· </app>
185 <app loc="3r2">
· <lem>cānuma<surplus>ṁ</surplus>ntā</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">cānumantā</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="3r7">
190 <lem>samvaT <num value="30">rla</num> <num value="7">gra</num></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">samva <num value="37">30 7</num> rla gra</rdg>
· </app>
· </listApp>
· </div>
195 </div>
· <div type="translation" resp="part:nabo">
· <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· <p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world</p></div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
200 <p n="1v1-2r2">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Hastipadraka situated in the Svalpa-Śarkkarā <foreign>mārga</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to the governor and local council, to all other royal officers who are dedicated to our service, beginning with the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>; and to the residents <supplied reason="subaudible">of the village</supplied> with their headman:</p>
· <p n="2r2-2r7">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to the venerable <foreign>ācārya</foreign> Vyāpaśiva, pupil of the venerable <foreign>ācārya</foreign> Dīrgha of Nandapura. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village took place</supplied> today, on the fifth <supplied reason="subaudible">day</supplied> of the first <supplied reason="subaudible">fortnight</supplied> of the month of Vaiśākha, on the occasion of the establishment of the illustrious Bāleśvara temple. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant</supplied>), which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.</p>
· <p n="2r7-2v2">Having taken note of that, you should render the proper <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings, produce, and the like to those <supplied reason="subaudible">donees</supplied>, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>
· <p n="2v2-2v5" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>
· <ab n="2v5">And also:</ab>
205 <p n="2v5-2v6" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>
· <p n="2v6-2v7">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>
· <p n="2v7-3r1" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>
· <p n="3r2-3r3" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>
· <p n="3r3-3r4" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>
210 <p n="3r4-3r6" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>
· <p n="3r6-3r7"><supplied reason="subaudible">The copperplate charter has been engraved</supplied> on the fifth <supplied reason="subaudible">day</supplied> of the first <supplied reason="subaudible">fortnight</supplied> of the month of Vaiśākha, in the thirty-seventh year of the increasingly victorious reign <supplied reason="subaudible">of Śivagupta</supplied>. In numbers: Year 37, <supplied reason="subaudible">Month</supplied> Vaiśākha, Day 5.</p></div></div>
· <div type="commentary">
· </div>
· <div type="bibliography">
215 <p>First edited by Jain <foreign>et al.</foreign> <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jain+al2005_01"/><citedRange>196-217</citedRange></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Bosma <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Bosma2013_01"/></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Jain).</p>
· <listBibl type="primary">
· <bibl n="NB">
· <ptr target="bib:Bosma2013_01"/>
· </bibl>
220 <bibl n="BJ">
· <ptr target="bib:Jain+al2005_01"/>
· <citedRange>196-217</citedRange>
· </bibl>
· </listBibl>
225 <listBibl type="secondary">
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Bosma2018_01"/>
· <citedRange>251</citedRange>
· </bibl>
230 <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Shastri1992_03"/>
· </bibl>
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/>
235 <citedRange>196-217</citedRange>
· </bibl>
· </listBibl>
· </div>
· </body>
240 </text>
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Commentary