Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 11

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00034.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-18 01:10 (f94ae3a).

Edition

Logical
Physical
Full

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālinaḥ

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣitīśavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavinaya⟨1v2⟩sampatsampāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛ⟨1v3⟩ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārtt¿e?⟨i⟩keya I⟨1v4⟩va kṛttivāsaso rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnuḥ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasa⟨1v5⟩mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivagu⟨1v6⟩ptarājaḥ kuśalī|| svalpaśark⟨k⟩arāmārgīy¡a-A!⟨ā⟩ḍakerake brāhmaṇān saṁpū⟨1v7⟩jya yathākālādhyāsi⟨nas⟩ ¡b!⟨v⟩yavahāriṇaḥ sakaraṇān an¡o!⟨yā⟩n api samāha⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩rtṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt¡iḥ!⟨īn⟩| sarvvarājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ prativāsinaś ca sa⟨ṁ⟩ni⟨2r2⟩diś¿ā?⟨a⟩ti

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopa⟨2r3⟩nidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ sarvvakarādānasahitaḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ ⟨2r4⟩ sadvopadravavivarjjitaḥ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddha⟨2r5⟩ye kāmakāyanasagotrāya ¡v!⟨b⟩ahv¿a?⟨ṛ⟩cabhaṭṭanandikumārāya Udaka⟨2r6⟩pūrvvakam ācandrārkasamakālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ tām{v}raśāsanena pratipādi⟨2r7⟩ta Ity

avagamyāsya samucita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgam upanayadbhiḥ bhava⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩dbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prativasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśye⟨2v2⟩dam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yate

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hant¿i?⟨a⟩

hṛtvā ⟨2v3⟩ mah(ī)⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa⟨ṁ⟩sā⟨T⟩

Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calā⟨2v4⟩ñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abhīṣṭaṁ

Api ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

⟨2v5⟩ rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svargga⟨2v6⟩m uts¿ri?⟨ṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate

¡b!⟨v⟩yāsagītāṁś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāha⟨2v7⟩ranti

III. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutā⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩ś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ c¿u?⟨a⟩ mahīñ c¿u?⟨a⟩ dadyā⟨T⟩

IV. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3r2⟩ ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ācchettā cānumantā ca ⟨3r3⟩ tā¡ṇ!⟨n⟩y eva narake vaseT||

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhiḥ

⟨3r4⟩ yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadat⟨t⟩āṁ para⟨3r5⟩dat⟨t⟩ām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nu⟨3r6⟩pālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti|

pravarddhamānavijayarājye sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare Ekādaśame jyeṣṭha⟨3r7⟩śuk⟨l⟩apakṣapañcamyāṁ Utk(ī)rṇṇaṁ Ak¡ā!⟨ṣa⟩śālikaboppanāgas¿u?⟨ū⟩n¿a?⟨u⟩nā golāyy¿a?⟨e⟩na

Seal

rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālinaḥ śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ

Plates⟨Page 1r⟩ 
⟨Page 1v⟩ 
⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣitīśavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavinaya-
⟨1v2⟩ sampatsampāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛ-
⟨1v3⟩ ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārtt¿e?⟨i⟩keya I-
⟨1v4⟩ va kṛttivā◯saso rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnuḥ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasa-
⟨1v5⟩ mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivagu-
⟨1v6⟩ ptarājaḥ kuśalī|| svalpaśark⟨k⟩arāmārgīy¡a-A!⟨ā⟩ḍakerake brāhmaṇān saṁpū-
⟨1v7⟩ jya yathākālādhyāsi⟨nas⟩ ¡b!⟨v⟩yavahāriṇaḥ sakaraṇān an¡o!⟨yā⟩n api samāha-
⟨Page 2r⟩ 
⟨2r1⟩ rtṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt¡iḥ!⟨īn⟩| sarvvarājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ prativāsinaś ca sa⟨ṁ⟩ni-
⟨2r2⟩ diś¿ā?⟨a⟩ti viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopa-
⟨2r3⟩ nidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ sarvvakarādānasahitaḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ
⟨2r4⟩ sadvopa◯dravavivarjjitaḥ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddha-
⟨2r5⟩ ye kāmakāyanasagotrāya ¡v!⟨b⟩ahv¿a?⟨ṛ⟩cabhaṭṭanandikumārāya Udaka-
⟨2r6⟩ pūrvvakam ācandrārkasamakālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ tām{v}raśāsanena pratipādi-
⟨2r7⟩ ta Ity avagamyāsya samucita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgam upanayadbhiḥ bhava-
⟨Page 2v⟩ 
⟨2v1⟩ dbhi⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prativasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśye-
⟨2v2⟩ dam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yate  bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hant¿i?⟨a⟩ hṛtvā 
⟨2v3⟩ mah(ī)⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa⟨ṁ⟩sā⟨T⟩ Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calā-
⟨2v4⟩ ñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩◯m āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abhīṣṭaṁ Api ca  
⟨2v5⟩ rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩ ko nāma svargga-
⟨2v6⟩ m uts¿ri?⟨ṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate ¡b!⟨v⟩yāsagītāṁś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāha-
⟨2v7⟩ ranti  Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇa⟨ṁ⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutā-
⟨Page 3r⟩ 
⟨3r1⟩ ś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩ dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena bhavanti lokā ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ c¿u?⟨a⟩ mahīñ c¿u?⟨a⟩ dadyā⟨T⟩  
⟨3r2⟩ ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ Ācchettā cānumantā ca 
⟨3r3⟩ tā¡ṇ!⟨n⟩y eva narake vaseT||  bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhiḥ 
⟨3r4⟩ yasya ya◯sya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ  svadat⟨t⟩āṁ para-
⟨3r5⟩ dat⟨t⟩ām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira mahī⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nu-
⟨3r6⟩ pālana¡m!⟨M⟩ ¡i!⟨I⟩ti| pravarddhamānavijayarājye sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare Ekādaśame jyeṣṭha-
⟨3r7⟩ śuk⟨l⟩apakṣapañcamyāṁ Utk(ī)rṇṇaṁ Ak¡ā!⟨ṣa⟩śālikaboppanāgas¿u?⟨ū⟩n¿a?⟨u⟩nā golāyy¿a?⟨e⟩na

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālinaḥ

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣitīśavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavinaya⟨1v2⟩sampatsampāditasakalavijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛ⟨1v3⟩ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārtt¿e?⟨i⟩keya I⟨1v4⟩va kṛttivā◯saso rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣadevasya sūnuḥ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasa⟨1v5⟩mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivagu⟨1v6⟩ptarājaḥ kuśalī|| svalpaśark⟨k⟩arāmārgīy¡a-A!⟨ā⟩ḍakerake brāhmaṇān saṁpū⟨1v7⟩jya yathākālādhyāsi⟨nas⟩ ¡b!⟨v⟩yavahāriṇaḥ sakaraṇān an¡o!⟨yā⟩n api samāha⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩rtṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt¡iḥ!⟨īn⟩| sarvvarājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ prativāsinaś ca sa⟨ṁ⟩ni⟨2r2⟩diś¿ā?⟨a⟩ti

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopa⟨2r3⟩nidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ sarvvakarādānasahitaḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ ⟨2r4⟩ sadvopa◯dravavivarjjitaḥ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddha⟨2r5⟩ye kāmakāyanasagotrāya ¡v!⟨b⟩ahv¿a?⟨ṛ⟩cabhaṭṭanandikumārāya Udaka⟨2r6⟩pūrvvakam ācandrārkasamakālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ tām{v}raśāsanena pratipādi⟨2r7⟩ta Ity

I. Vasantatilakā

bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hant¿i?⟨a⟩

hṛtvā ⟨2v3⟩ mah(ī)⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa⟨ṁ⟩sā⟨T⟩

Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calā⟨2v4⟩ñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩◯m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abhīṣṭaṁ

Api ca

II. Anuṣṭubh

⟨2v5⟩ rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩

ko nāma svargga⟨2v6⟩m uts¿ri?⟨ṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate

¡b!⟨v⟩yāsagītāṁś cāt{t}ra ślokān udāha⟨2v7⟩ranti

III. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutā⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩ś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ c¿u?⟨a⟩ mahīñ c¿u?⟨a⟩ dadyā⟨T⟩

IV. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3r2⟩ ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ācchettā cānumantā ca ⟨3r3⟩ tā¡ṇ!⟨n⟩y eva narake vaseT||

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhiḥ

⟨3r4⟩ yasya ya◯sya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh

svadat⟨t⟩āṁ para⟨3r5⟩dat⟨t⟩ām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā⟨t⟩ śreyo ’nu⟨3r6⟩pālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti|

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

⟨1v3⟩ °sambhāvita° ⬦ °savambhāvita° PKS.

⟨1v4⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śrī° PKS. — ⟨1v4⟩ sūnuḥ ⬦ s¿u?⟨ū⟩n¿ū?⟨u⟩ḥ PKS.

⟨1v5⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śrī° PKS.

⟨1v6⟩ kuśalī ⬦ kuśal¿i?⟨ī⟩ PKS. — ⟨1v6⟩ brāhmaṇān saṁpū⟨1v7⟩jya ⬦ brāhmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ saṁmpū⟨1v7⟩jya PKS.

⟨1v7⟩ °kālā° ⬦ °kāla° PKS. — ⟨1v7⟩ yathākālādhyāsi⟨nas⟩ ¡b!⟨v⟩yavahāriṇaḥ • The intended reading may be yathākālādhyāsinaḥ and adhikāriṇaḥ, which are phrases used in the address of other copperplate charters issued by the same king. — ⟨1v7⟩ samāha⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩rtṛ° ⬦ samāha⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩tṛ° PKS.

⟨2r2⟩ sanidh¿ī?⟨i⟩ḥ sopa⟨2r3⟩nikadhar ⬦ sanidhiḥ sopa⟨2r3⟩nidhir PKS.

⟨2r4⟩ sadvopa◯dravavivarjjitaḥ • The intended reading is probably sarvvapīḍāvarjjitaḥ, which is mentioned among the exemptions of the grant in other copperplate charters issued by the same king. — ⟨2r4⟩ °pittror ⬦ °pitror PKS.

⟨2r5⟩ °nandikumārāya ⬦ °nandikumāraya PKS. — ⟨2r5⟩ Udaka⟨2r6⟩pūrvvakam ⬦ Uṭaka⟨2r6⟩pūrvvakarm PKS.

⟨2v1⟩ uddiśye⟨2v2⟩dam ⬦ uddaśye⟨2v2⟩dam PKS.

⟨2v3⟩ parikalayya ⬦ parikalaruya PKS.

⟨2v6⟩ cāt{t}ra ⬦ cātra PKS.

⟨3r2⟩ °sahasrāṇi ⬦ °sahastrāṇi PKS.

⟨3r4⟩ bhūmis ⬦ bhūmi PKS.

⟨3r5⟩ mahī⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ ⟨mahīṁ⟩ PKS.

⟨3r7⟩ °śuk⟨l⟩a° ⬦ °śukla° PKS. — ⟨3r7⟩ °pañcamyāṁ ⬦ °pañcamāṁ PKS. — ⟨3r7⟩ Ak¡ā!⟨ṣa⟩śālika° ⬦ Āk¡ā!⟨ṣa⟩śālika° PKS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world

Plates

(1v1–2r2) Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas (i.e., Śiva); who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Āḍakeraka situated in the Svalpa-Śarkkarā mārga, [the king] issues [the following command] to all royal officers and the residents [of the village]; to the governor and other local council, beginning with the collector and the receiver; and to those who are temporarily posted [in the village]:

(2r2–2r7) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to bhaṭṭa Nandikumāra, belonging to the Kāmakāyana gotra and to the Bahvṛca [school]. [The grant of the village], which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, comes along with [the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops; [the right to collect] all taxes [payable to the king]; [the right to] punish and realise fines for the ten offences; and the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour.

(2r7–2v2) Having taken note of that, you should render the proper [shares of] periodical offerings and produce, while living happily [in this village]. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v2–2v4

[Kings] who donate land sport in heaven, [but] look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

And also:

2v5–2v6

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

(2v6–2v7) And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

2v7–3r1

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r2–3r3

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r3–3r4

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r4–3r6

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

(3r6–3r7) In the eleventh year of the increasingly victorious reign [of Śivagupta], on the fifth [day] of the light half of the month of Jyeṣṭha, the [copperplate charter] has been engraved by Golāyya, son of the goldsmith Boppanāga.

Commentary

Bibliography

First edited by Singh 2009 from the original plates; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Singh).

Primary

[PKS] Singh, Prabhat Kumar. 2009. “Sirpur copper-plates of Pāṇḍuvaṁśi rulers.” PM 5, pp. 11–27. Pages 18–21.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 37, 77, 250.

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<title>Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 11</title>

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<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

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<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>

<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

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<change who="part:nabo" when="2020-08-11" status="draft">Adding translation</change>

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<l n="ab">rājñaḥ śrīharṣaguptasya sūnoḥ sadguṇaśālinaḥ</l>

<l n="cd">śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthiteḥ</l>

</lg></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣitīśavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahan<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yavinaya<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>sampatsampāditasakalavijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣuguṇo guṇavatsamāśraya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> prakṛ<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kārtt<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>keya I<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>va kṛttivā<space type="binding-hole"/>saso rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>harṣadevasya sūnuḥ somava<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śasa<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>mbhavaḥ paramamāheśvaro mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mahāśivagu<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>ptarājaḥ kuśalī<g type="ddandaHooked"/> svalpaśark<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>arāmārgīy<choice><orig>a-A</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ḍakerake brāhmaṇān saṁpū<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>jya yathākālādhyāsi<supplied reason="omitted">nas</supplied> <choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yavahāriṇaḥ sakaraṇān an<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>yā</reg></choice>n api samāha<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>rtṛsannidhātṛprabhṛt<choice><orig>iḥ</orig><reg>īn</reg></choice><g type="dandaPlain"/> sarvvarājapuruṣā<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied> prativāsinaś ca sa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ni<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>diś<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>ti</p> <p>viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir aya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopa<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>nidhir acāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ sarvvakarādānasahitaḥ sadaśāparādhaḥ<lb n="2r4"/>sadvopa<space type="binding-hole"/>dravavivarjjitaḥ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddha<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>ye kāmakāyanasagotrāya <choice><orig>v</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>ahv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ṛ</corr></choice>cabhaṭṭanandikumārāya Udaka<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>pūrvvakam ācandrārkasamakālopabhogārtha<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> tām<surplus>v</surplus>raśāsanena pratipādi<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>ta Ity</p> <p>avagamyāsya samucita<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhogabhāgam upanayadbhiḥ bhava<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>dbhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sukhaṁ prativasta<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yam iti<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśye<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>dam abhidh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yate</p>

<l n="a">bhūmipradā divi lalanti patanti hant<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice></l>

<l n="b">hṛtvā <lb n="2v3"/>mah<unclear>ī</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> nṛpatayo narake nṛśa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>sā<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied></l>

<l n="c">Etad <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>vayaṁ parikalayya calā<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>ñ ca lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><space type="binding-hole"/>m</l>

<l n="d">āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abhīṣṭaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab"><lb n="2v5"/>rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></l>

<l n="cd">ko nāma svargga<lb n="2v6" break="no"/>m uts<choice><sic>ri</sic><corr>ṛ</corr></choice>jya narakaṁ pratipadyate</l></lg>

<p><choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yāsagītāṁś cāt<surplus>t</surplus>ra ślokān udāha<lb n="2v7" break="no"/>ranti</p>

<l n="a">Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice> sūryyasutā<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>ś ca gāva<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> trayas tena bhavanti lokā</l>

<l n="d">ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kāñcana<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> gāñ c<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>a</corr></choice> mahīñ c<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>a</corr></choice> dadyā<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><lb n="3r2"/>ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd">Ācchettā cānumantā ca <lb n="3r3"/>tā<choice><orig>ṇ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice>y eva narake vaseT<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sagarādibhiḥ</l>

<l n="cd"><lb n="3r4"/>yasya ya<space type="binding-hole"/>sya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>āṁ para<lb n="3r5" break="no"/>dat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ām vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira</l>

<l n="cd">mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied> śreyo 'nu<lb n="3r6" break="no"/>pālana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

<p>pravarddhamānavijayarājye sam<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>atsare Ekādaśame jyeṣṭha<lb n="3r7" break="no"/>śuk<supplied reason="omitted">l</supplied>apakṣapañcamyāṁ Utk<unclear>ī</unclear>rṇṇaṁ Ak<choice><orig>ā</orig><reg>ṣa</reg></choice>śālikaboppanāgas<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>n<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>nā golāyy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>na</p></div></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<lem>°sambhāvita°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">°savambhāvita°</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem>sūnuḥ</lem>

</app>

</app>

<lem>kuśalī</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">kuśal<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></rdg>

</app>

<lem>brāhmaṇān saṁpū<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>jya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">brāhmaṇā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> saṁmpū<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>jya</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem>yathākālādhyāsi<supplied reason="omitted">nas</supplied> <choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yavahāriṇaḥ</lem>

<note>The intended reading may be <foreign>yathākālādhyāsinaḥ</foreign> and <foreign>adhikāriṇaḥ</foreign>, which are phrases used in the address of other copperplate charters issued by the same king.</note>

</app>

<lem>samāha<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>rtṛ°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">samāha<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>tṛ°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sanidh<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ḥ sopa<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>nikadhar</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">sanidhiḥ sopa<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>nidhir</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sadvopa<space type="binding-hole"/>dravavivarjjitaḥ</lem>

<note>The intended reading is probably <foreign>sarvvapīḍāvarjjitaḥ</foreign>, which is mentioned among the exemptions of the grant in other copperplate charters issued by the same king.</note>

</app>

<lem>°pittror</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">°pitror</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°nandikumārāya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">°nandikumāraya</rdg>

</app>

<lem>Udaka<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>pūrvvakam</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">Uṭaka<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>pūrvvakarm</rdg>

</app>

<lem>uddiśye<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>dam</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">uddaśye<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>dam</rdg>

</app>

<lem>parikalayya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">parikalaruya</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">cātra</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°sahasrāṇi</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">°sahastrāṇi</rdg>

</app>

<lem>bhūmis</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">bhūmi</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01"><supplied reason="omitted">mahīṁ</supplied></rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">°śukla°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°pañcamyāṁ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">°pañcamāṁ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>Ak<choice><orig>ā</orig><reg>ṣa</reg></choice>śālika°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Singh2009_01">Āk<choice><orig>ā</orig><reg>ṣa</reg></choice>śālika°</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-2r2">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Āḍakeraka situated in the Svalpa-Śarkkarā <foreign>mārga</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to all royal officers and the residents <supplied reason="subaudible">of the village</supplied>; to the governor and other local council, beginning with the collector and the receiver; and to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>:</p>

<p n="2r2-2r7">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to <foreign>bhaṭṭa</foreign> Nandikumāra, belonging to the Kāmakāyana <foreign>gotra</foreign> and to the Bahvṛca <supplied reason="subaudible">school</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences; and the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour.</p>

<p n="2r7-2v2">Having taken note of that, you should render the proper <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>

<p n="2v2-2v4" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>

<p n="2v5-2v6" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>

<p n="2v6-2v7">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="2v7-3r1" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>

<p n="3r2-3r3" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r3-3r4" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r4-3r6" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>

<p n="3r6-3r7">In the eleventh year of the increasingly victorious reign <supplied reason="subaudible">of Śivagupta</supplied>, on the fifth <supplied reason="subaudible">day</supplied> of the light half of the month of Jyeṣṭha, the <supplied reason="subaudible">copperplate charter</supplied> has been engraved by Golāyya, son of the goldsmith Boppanāga.</p></div></div>

</div>

<p>First edited by Singh <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Singh2009_01"/></bibl> from the original plates; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Singh).</p>

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