Dhamatari Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 3

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00009.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-17 11:48 (de7f295).

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I. Anuṣṭubh

kramādhigatarājyasya vikramotkhātavidviṣaḥ

śrīmat(sudeva)rājasya (sthiraṁ jagati śāsanaṁ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasti śrīpurād vikramopanatasāmantamakuṭac¿u?⟨ū⟩ḍāmaṇipra⟨1v2⟩bhāprasek¿a?⟨ā⟩¡mva!⟨mbu⟩dhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma⟨n⟩to⟨d⟩dhara⟨1v3⟩ṇahetur vvasuvasudhāgoprada⟨ḫ⟩ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpādā⟨1v4⟩nuddhyātaḥ śrīmahādurgarāja{ḥ}putraśr¿imā?⟨īma⟩hāsudevarāja⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨1v5⟩ ḍakarībhog¿i?⟨ī⟩ya khalapadrake prativāsinas samājñāpa⟨1v6⟩yati

viditam astu vo yathāsmābir ayaṁ grāma⟨ḥ⟩ tr¿a?⟨i⟩da¡s!⟨ś⟩apati⟨1v7⟩sadanasukhapratiṣ¡ṭ!⟨ṭh⟩ākaro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇa⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩pratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad avatiṣ¡ṭ!⟨ṭh⟩ate tāvad upabhogyaḥ ⟨2r2⟩ sanidhi⟨s⟩ sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya⟨s⟩ sarvvakaravisarjji⟨2r3⟩ta⟨ḥ⟩ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddhaye kā¡s!⟨ś⟩yapa⟨sa⟩gotra⟨2r4⟩vājasaneyimādhavacaturvvedasvāmine tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsane⟨2r5⟩nātis¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩ṣ¡ṭh!⟨ṭ⟩aḥ

te y¿u?⟨ū⟩yam evam upalabhy¡a A!⟨ā⟩⟨syā⟩jñāśravaṇavidhey¿a?⟨ā⟩ ⟨2r6⟩ bhūtvā yathoc¿a?⟨i⟩taṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya{ṁ}nta⟨s⟩ sukhaṁ prativats⟨y⟩atha ⟨2r7⟩ bhavi¡ś!⟨ṣ⟩yataś ca bhūmipālān anudarśayati

I. Vasantatilakā

dānād viśiṣṭam anupā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩lanaja⟨ṁ⟩ pur¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇā

dharmme¡s!⟨ṣ⟩u niścitadhiya⟨ḫ⟩ pravadanti dharmmaṁ

tasmā⟨d⟩ dvijā⟨2v2⟩ya suvi¡s!⟨ś⟩u⟨d⟩dhakulaśrutāya

da⟨t⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ bhavatu vo matir eva go⟨2v3⟩¡s!⟨p⟩tu⟨ṁ⟩

tad bhavadbhir apy e¡ś!⟨ṣ⟩ā dattir anupālayitavyā{ḥ} vyāsagīt¿a?⟨ā⟩⟨ṁ⟩⟨2v4⟩ś cātra ślo⟨kā⟩n udāharanti

II. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ su⟨2v5⟩varṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattās trayas tena ⟨2v6⟩ bhavanti lok¿a?⟨ā⟩

yaẖ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT||

III. Anuṣṭubh

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ ṣaṣṭ¿ī?⟨i⟩varṣasahasr¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ācche⟨3r2⟩ttā {c}cānumantā {c}ca t¿a?⟨ā⟩ny eva narake vaseT||

IV. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasu⟨3r3⟩dhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhiḥ

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis ta⟨3r4⟩sya tasya tadā phalaṁ

V. Anuṣṭubh

svadattāṁ paradattā¡m!⟨ṁ⟩ vā yatnād rakṣa yu⟨3r5⟩dhiṣṭhira

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nup¿a?⟨ā⟩lana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

⟨3r6⟩ sarvv¿a?⟨ā⟩dhikārādhikṛtaśrīmahās¿a?⟨ā⟩manta-Indrabalarāja⟨ḥ⟩|| ⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1⟩ p⟨r⟩avarddhamānavijayarājye ¡samva!⟨saṁva⟩tsar¿u?⟨a⟩ 3 kārttika dina 9 ⟨3v2⟩ śā¡ś!⟨s⟩anam utkīrṇṇaṁ ak¡k!⟨ṣ⟩aśālikagolasiṅghena||

Seal

kramādhigatarājyasya vikramotkhātavidviṣaḥ śrīmat(sudeva)rājasya (sthiraṁ jagati śāsanaṁ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1⟩ @ svasti śrīpurād vikramopanatasāmantamakuṭac¿u?⟨ū⟩ḍāmaṇipra-

⟨1v2⟩ bhāprasek¿a?⟨ā⟩¡mva!⟨mbu⟩dhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma⟨n⟩to⟨d⟩dhara-

⟨1v3⟩ ṇahetur vvasuvasudhāgoprada⟨ḫ⟩ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpādā-

⟨1v4⟩ nuddhyātaḥ ◯śrīmahādurgarāja{ḥ}putraśr¿imā?⟨īma⟩hāsudevarāja⟨ḥ⟩

⟨1v5⟩ ḍakarībhog¿i?⟨ī⟩ya khalapadrake prativāsinas samājñāpa-

⟨1v6⟩ yati viditam astu vo yathāsmābir ayaṁ grāma⟨ḥ⟩ tr¿a?⟨i⟩da¡s!⟨ś⟩apati-

⟨1v7⟩ sadanasukhapratiṣ¡ṭ!⟨ṭh⟩ākaro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇa-

⟨Page 2r⟩

⟨2r1⟩ pratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad avatiṣ¡ṭ!⟨ṭh⟩ate tāvad upabhogyaḥ

⟨2r2⟩ sanidhi⟨s⟩ sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya⟨s⟩ sarvvakaravisarjji-

⟨2r3⟩ ta⟨ḥ⟩ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddhaye kā¡s!⟨ś⟩yapa⟨sa⟩gotra-

⟨2r4⟩ vājasa◯neyimādhavacaturvvedasvāmine tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsane-

⟨2r5⟩ nātis¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩ṣ¡ṭh!⟨ṭ⟩aḥ te y¿u?⟨ū⟩yam evam upalabhy¡a A!⟨ā⟩⟨syā⟩jñāśravaṇavidhey¿a?⟨ā⟩

⟨2r6⟩ bhūtvā yathoc¿a?⟨i⟩taṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya{ṁ}nta⟨s⟩ sukhaṁ prativats⟨y⟩atha

⟨2r7⟩ bhavi¡ś!⟨ṣ⟩yataś ca bhūmipālān anudarśayati dānād viśiṣṭam anupā-

⟨Page 2v⟩

⟨2v1⟩ lanaja⟨ṁ⟩ pur¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇā dharmme¡s!⟨ṣ⟩u niścitadhiya⟨ḫ⟩ pravadanti dharmmaṁ tasmā⟨d⟩ dvijā-

⟨2v2⟩ ya suvi¡s!⟨ś⟩u⟨d⟩dhakulaśrutāya da⟨t⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ bhavatu vo matir eva go-

⟨2v3⟩ ¡s!⟨p⟩tu⟨ṁ⟩ tad bhavadbhir apy e¡ś!⟨ṣ⟩ā dattir anupālayitavyā{ḥ} vyāsagīt¿a?⟨ā⟩⟨ṁ⟩-

⟨2v4⟩ ś cātra ślo◯⟨kā⟩n udāharanti Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ su-

⟨2v5⟩ varṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩ dattās trayas tena

⟨2v6⟩ bhavanti lok¿a?⟨ā⟩ yaẖ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT||

⟨Page 3r⟩

⟨3r1⟩ ṣaṣṭ¿ī?⟨i⟩varṣasahasr¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ Ācche-

⟨3r2⟩ ttā {c}cānumantā {c}ca t¿a?⟨ā⟩ny eva narake vaseT|| bahubhir vvasu-

⟨3r3⟩ dhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhiḥ yasya yasya yadā bhūmis ta-

⟨3r4⟩ sya tasya ◯tadā phalaṁ svadattāṁ paradattā¡m!⟨ṁ⟩ vā yatnād rakṣa yu-

⟨3r5⟩ dhiṣṭhira mahī⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nup¿a?⟨ā⟩lana¡m!⟨M⟩ ¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

⟨3r6⟩ sarvv¿a?⟨ā⟩dhikārādhikṛtaśrīmahās¿a?⟨ā⟩manta-Indrabalarāja⟨ḥ⟩||

⟨Page 3v⟩

⟨3v1⟩ p⟨r⟩avarddhamānavijayarājye ¡samva!⟨saṁva⟩tsar¿u?⟨a⟩ 3 kārttika dina 9

⟨3v2⟩ śā¡ś!⟨s⟩anam utkīrṇṇaṁ ak¡k!⟨ṣ⟩aśālikagolasiṅghena||

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

kramādhigatarājyasya vikramotkhātavidviṣaḥ

śrīmat(sudeva)rājasya (sthiraṁ jagati śāsanaṁ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasti śrīpurād vikramopanatasāmantamakuṭac¿u?⟨ū⟩ḍāmaṇipra⟨1v2⟩bhāprasek¿a?⟨ā⟩¡mva!⟨mbu⟩dhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma⟨n⟩to⟨d⟩dhara⟨1v3⟩ṇahetur vvasuvasudhāgoprada⟨ḫ⟩ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpādā⟨1v4⟩nuddhyātaḥ ◯śrīmahādurgarāja{ḥ}putraśr¿imā?⟨īma⟩hāsudevarāja⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨1v5⟩ ḍakarībhog¿i?⟨ī⟩ya khalapadrake prativāsinas samājñāpa⟨1v6⟩yati

viditam astu vo yathāsmābir ayaṁ grāma⟨ḥ⟩ tr¿a?⟨i⟩da¡s!⟨ś⟩apati⟨1v7⟩sadanasukhapratiṣ¡ṭ!⟨ṭh⟩ākaro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇa⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩pratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad avatiṣ¡ṭ!⟨ṭh⟩ate tāvad upabhogyaḥ ⟨2r2⟩ sanidhi⟨s⟩ sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya⟨s⟩ sarvvakaravisarjji⟨2r3⟩ta⟨ḥ⟩ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddhaye kā¡s!⟨ś⟩yapa⟨sa⟩gotra⟨2r4⟩vājasa◯neyimādhavacaturvvedasvāmine tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsane⟨2r5⟩nātis¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩ṣ¡ṭh!⟨ṭ⟩aḥ

I. Vasantatilakā

dānād viśiṣṭam anupā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩lanaja⟨ṁ⟩ pur¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇā

dharmme¡s!⟨ṣ⟩u niścitadhiya⟨ḫ⟩ pravadanti dharmmaṁ

tasmā⟨d⟩ dvijā⟨2v2⟩ya suvi¡s!⟨ś⟩u⟨d⟩dhakulaśrutāya

da⟨t⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ bhavatu vo matir eva go⟨2v3⟩¡s!⟨p⟩tu⟨ṁ⟩

tad bhavadbhir apy e¡ś!⟨ṣ⟩ā dattir anupālayitavyā{ḥ} vyāsagīt¿a?⟨ā⟩⟨ṁ⟩⟨2v4⟩ś cātra ślo◯⟨kā⟩n udāharanti

II. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ su⟨2v5⟩varṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattās trayas tena ⟨2v6⟩ bhavanti lok¿a?⟨ā⟩

yaẖ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT||

III. Anuṣṭubh

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ ṣaṣṭ¿ī?⟨i⟩varṣasahasr¿a?⟨ā⟩ṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ācche⟨3r2⟩ttā {c}cānumantā {c}ca t¿a?⟨ā⟩ny eva narake vaseT||

IV. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasu⟨3r3⟩dhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhiḥ

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis ta⟨3r4⟩sya tasya ◯tadā phalaṁ

V. Anuṣṭubh

svadattāṁ paradattā¡m!⟨ṁ⟩ vā yatnād rakṣa yu⟨3r5⟩dhiṣṭhira

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nup¿a?⟨ā⟩lana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

⟨3r1⟩ ṣaṣṭ¿ī?⟨i⟩° ⬦ ⟨ṣa⟩ṣṭiṁ° BJ; ⟨ṣa⟩ṣṭiṁ° AMS.

⟨3r6⟩ Indrabalarāja⟨ḥ⟩ ⬦ Indrarāja BJ; Indrabalarāja⟨ḥ⟩ AMS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The permanent charter belongs to the illustrious Sudevarāja, whose kingdom was acquired by hereditary descent and whose enemies were annihilated by his valour.

Plates

(1v1–1v6) Success! Hail! From Śrīpura, the illustrious great Sudevarāja, son of the illustrious great Durgarāja, whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels on the crests of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess, who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair, who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle, who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu, and favoured by his father and mother, issues [the following command] to the residents of [the village of] Khalapadraka situated in the Ḍakarī bhoga:

(1v6–2r5) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to the Vājasaneyin Mādhava Caturvedasvāmin, belonging to the Kāśyapa gotra. [The grant of the village], which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods (i.e., Indra’s heaven), is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, [the world] of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; [comes along with the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.

(2r5–2r7) Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from him (i.e., the donee) and render the [proper shares of] periodical offerings and produce, while living happily [in this village]. And [the king] instructs the future rulers:

2r7–2v3

The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection [of a grant] is more excellent than [that which arises] from the giving [itself]; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.

(2v3–2v4) This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

2v4–2v6

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.

3r1–3r2

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r2–3r4

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r4–3r5

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

(3r6–3v2) The illustrious and great sāmanta Indrabalarāja holds the office of chief minister. The charter has been engraved by the goldsmith Golasiṅgha [on] the day 9 [of] the month of Kārttika [in] the year 3 of the increasingly victorious reign [of Sudevarāja].

Commentary

Bibliography

First edited by Jain 1978 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995, pp. 32–34; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Jain).

Primary

[BJ] Jain, Balchandra. 1978. “Mahasamund plates of Sudevaraja: year 3.” JESI 5, pp. 93–97.

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 28–31.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 234–235.

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<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasti śrīpurād vikramopanatasāmantamakuṭac<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>ḍāmaṇipra<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>bhāprasek<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><choice><orig>mva</orig><reg>mbu</reg></choice>dhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied>to<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhara<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>ṇahetur vvasuvasudhāgoprada<supplied reason="omitted">ḫ</supplied> paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpādā<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>nuddhyātaḥ <space type="binding-hole"/>śrīmahādurgarāja<surplus>ḥ</surplus>putraśr<choice><sic>imā</sic><corr>īma</corr></choice>hāsudevarāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <lb n="1v5"/>ḍakarībhog<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ya khalapadrake prativāsinas samājñāpa<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>yati</p> <p>viditam astu vo yathāsmābir ayaṁ grāma<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> tr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>da<choice><orig>s</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>apati<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>sadanasukhapratiṣ<choice><orig>ṭ</orig><reg>ṭh</reg></choice>ākaro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇa<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>pratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad avatiṣ<choice><orig>ṭ</orig><reg>ṭh</reg></choice>ate tāvad upabhogyaḥ <lb n="2r2"/>sanidhi<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> sarvvakaravisarjji<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>ta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddhaye kā<choice><orig>s</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>yapa<supplied reason="omitted">sa</supplied>gotra<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>vājasa<space type="binding-hole"/>neyimādhavacaturvvedasvāmine tā<choice><orig>mbra</orig><reg>mra</reg></choice>śāsane<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>nātis<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>ṣ<choice><orig>ṭh</orig><reg>ṭ</reg></choice>aḥ</p> <p>te y<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>yam evam upalabhy<choice><orig>a A</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">syā</supplied>jñāśravaṇavidhey<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice> <lb n="2r6"/>bhūtvā yathoc<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>taṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nta<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> sukhaṁ prativats<supplied reason="omitted">y</supplied>atha <lb n="2r7"/>bhavi<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>yataś ca bhūmipālān anudarśayati</p>

<l n="a">dānād viśiṣṭam anupā<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>lanaja<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> pur<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ṇā</l>

<l n="b">dharmme<choice><orig>s</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>u niścitadhiya<supplied reason="omitted">ḫ</supplied> pravadanti dharmmaṁ</l>

<l n="c">tasmā<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied> dvijā<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>ya suvi<choice><orig>s</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>u<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhakulaśrutāya</l>

<l n="d">da<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>tā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhuva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhavatu vo matir eva go<lb n="2v3" break="no"/><choice><orig>s</orig><reg>p</reg></choice>tu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l></lg>

<p>tad bhavadbhir apy e<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>ā dattir anupālayitavyā<surplus>ḥ</surplus> vyāsagīt<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><lb n="2v4" break="no"/>ś cātra ślo<space type="binding-hole"/><supplied reason="omitted">kā</supplied>n udāharanti</p>

<l n="a">Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ su<lb n="2v5" break="no"/>varṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c">dattās trayas tena <lb n="2v6"/>bhavanti lok<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice></l>

<l n="d">yaẖ kāñcana<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><pb n="3r"/><lb n="3r1"/>ṣaṣṭ<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>varṣasahasr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd">Ācche<lb n="3r2" break="no"/>ttā <surplus>c</surplus>cānumantā <surplus>c</surplus>ca t<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ny eva narake vaseT<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">bahubhir vvasu<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>dhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhiḥ</l>

<l n="cd">yasya yasya yadā bhūmis ta<lb n="3r4" break="no"/>sya tasya <space type="binding-hole"/>tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadattāṁ paradattā<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice> vā yatnād rakṣa yu<lb n="3r5" break="no"/>dhiṣṭhira</l>

<l n="cd">mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matāṁ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nup<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>lana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

<p><lb n="3r6"/>sarvv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>dhikārādhikṛtaśrīmahās<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>manta-Indrabalarāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><g type="ddandaHooked"/> <pb n="3v"/><lb n="3v1"/>p<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>avarddhamānavijayarājye <choice><orig>samva</orig><reg>saṁva</reg></choice>tsar<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>a</corr></choice> <num value="3">3</num> kārttika dina <num value="9">9</num> <lb n="3v2"/>śā<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>anam utkīrṇṇaṁ ak<choice><orig>k</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>aśālikagolasiṅghena<g type="ddandaHooked"/></p>

</div></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

</app>

<lem>Indrabalarāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain1978_01">Indrarāja</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">Indrabalarāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>The permanent charter belongs to the illustrious Sudevarāja, whose kingdom was acquired by hereditary descent and whose enemies were annihilated by his valour.</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-1v6">Success! Hail! From Śrīpura, the illustrious great Sudevarāja, son of the illustrious great Durgarāja, whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels on the crests of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess, who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair, who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle, who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu, and favoured by his father and mother, issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to the residents of <supplied reason="subaudible">the village of</supplied> Khalapadraka situated in the Ḍakarī <foreign>bhoga</foreign>:</p>

<p n="1v6-2r5">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to the Vājasaneyin Mādhava Caturvedasvāmin, belonging to the Kāśyapa <foreign>gotra</foreign>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Indra’s heaven</supplied>, is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">the world</supplied> of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; <supplied reason="subaudible">comes along with the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.</p>

<p n="2r5-2r7">Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from him <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., the donee</supplied> and render the <supplied reason="subaudible">proper shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> instructs the future rulers:</p>

<p n="2r7-2v3" rend="stanza">The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection <supplied reason="subaudible">of a grant</supplied> is more excellent than <supplied reason="subaudible">that which arises</supplied> from the giving <supplied reason="subaudible">itself</supplied>; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.</p>

<p n="2v3-2v4">This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="2v4-2v6" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.</p>

<p n="3r1-3r2" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r2-3r4" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>

<p n="3r6-3v2">The illustrious and great <foreign>sāmanta</foreign> Indrabalarāja holds the office of chief minister. The charter has been engraved by the goldsmith Golasiṅgha <supplied reason="subaudible">on</supplied> the day 9 <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the month of Kārttika <supplied reason="subaudible">in</supplied> the year 3 of the increasingly victorious reign <supplied reason="subaudible">of Sudevarāja</supplied>.</p></div></div>

</div>

<p>First edited by Jain <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jain1978_01"/></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>32-34</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Jain).</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>