Raipur Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 10

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00013.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-18 01:10 (f94ae3a).

Edition

Logical
Physical
Full

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

prasanna(hṛdayasyaiva vikkramākrāntavidviṣaḥ)

(śrīmatsudevarājasya śāsanaṁ ripuśāsanaṁ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasti śarabhapurād vikkramopanatasāmantamakuṭacūḍāmaṇi⟨1v2⟩prabhāprasekāmbudhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīmantoddha⟨1v3⟩raṇahetur vvasuvasudhāgoprada(ḫ) paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛ⟨1v4⟩pādānuddhyātaś śrīmahāsudevarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyaśrīsāhi⟨1v5⟩kāyāṁ prativāsikuṭumbinas samājñāpayati~

viditam astu vo ⟨1v6⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas ¡tṛ!⟨tri⟩daśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhāka⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩ro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad ava⟨2r2⟩tiṣṭhate tāvad upabhogyas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya⟨s⟩ ⟨2r3⟩ sarvvakaravisarjjitaẖ k¿o?⟨au⟩ṇḍinyasagotravājasaneyasavit⟨ṛ⟩⟨2r4⟩svāmina ⟨ā⟩tmīyaka(n)yāpradāne⟨na⟩ AUpamanyava⟨va⟩tsasagotra ⟨⟨+⟩⟩yāmā⟨2r5⟩⟨⟨tro⟨ḥ⟩⟩⟩ nāgavatsasvāmibandhuvatsasvāminos tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsanenāti⟨2r6⟩s¡tṛ!⟨ṛ⟩ṣṭako bhūtvāsmābhir apy uttarāyaṇe mātāpitror ātmanaś ca ⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨2v1⟩ puṇy¿e?⟨ā⟩bhivṛddhayenumoditaḥ⟨⟨+⟩⟩

te yūyam evam upalabhyā¡sy!⟨nayor⟩ ājñāśra⟨2v2⟩vaṇavidheyā bhūtvā yathocita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgam upa{mupa}nayantas su⟨2v3⟩kha⟨ṁ⟩ prativatsyatha bhaviṣyataś ca bhūmipā⟨n a⟩nudarśayati<dashPlain>

I. Vasantatilakā

dānād viśiṣṭa⟨2v4⟩m anupālanajaṁ purāṇ¿e?⟨ā⟩

{d}dharmmeṣu niścitadhiya(ḫ) pravada{ṁ}nti dharmmaṁ

tasmā⟨2v5⟩⟨d⟩ dvijāya su{i}viśuddhakulaśrutāya

dattā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ bhavatu vo matir eva goptu⟨ṁ⟩+

ta⟨2v6⟩d bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

II. Indravajrā

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨3r2⟩s trayas tena bhavanti lokā

yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT

III. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭiva⟨3r3⟩rṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny e⟨3r4⟩va na⟨ra⟩ke vaseT

IV. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhiḥ

yasya ⟨3r5⟩ yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

V. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattā⟨ṁ vā⟩ ya⟨3r6⟩tnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nupā

⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1⟩ Asmin⟨n⟩ eva grāme pūrvvataṭākasya paryya¡tta!⟨nta⟩bhūmivaprabaddhā śrī⟨3v2⟩⟨⟨+⟩⟩vāpikā pa¡tthā!⟨nthā⟩naṁ yāvaj ¡jā!⟨jye⟩ṣṭha iti kṛtvā nāga⟨va⟩tsasvāmine grāmārddhasyādhi⟨⟨kā dattā⟩⟩⟨⟨+⟩⟩ ⟨3v3⟩ lanam iti svamukhājñayā pravarddhamānavijaya¡saṁvva!⟨saṁva⟩tsara 10 māgha 9 ⟨3v4⟩ U¡kt!⟨tk⟩īrṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ droṇasiṅghena

Seal

prasanna(hṛdayasyaiva vikkramākrāntavidviṣaḥ) (śrīmatsudevarājasya śāsanaṁ ripuśāsanaṁ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1⟩ @ svasti śarabhapurād vikkramopanatasāmantamakuṭacūḍāmaṇi-

⟨1v2⟩ prabhāprasekāmbudhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīmantoddha-

⟨1v3⟩ raṇahe◯tur vvasuvasudhāgoprada(ḫ) paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛ-

⟨1v4⟩ pādānu◯ddhyātaś śrīmahāsudevarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyaśrīsāhi-

⟨1v5⟩ kāyāṁ prativāsikuṭumbinas samājñāpayati~ viditam astu vo

⟨1v6⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas ¡tṛ!⟨tri⟩daśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhāka-

⟨Page 2r⟩

⟨2r1⟩ ro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad ava-

⟨2r2⟩ tiṣṭhate tāvad upabhogyas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya⟨s⟩

⟨2r3⟩ sarvvaka◯ravisarjjitaẖ k¿o?⟨au⟩ṇḍinyasagotravājasaneyasavit⟨ṛ⟩-

⟨2r4⟩ svāmina ◯⟨ā⟩tmīyaka(n)yāpradāne⟨na⟩ AUpamanyava⟨va⟩tsasagotra ⟨⟨+⟩⟩yāmā-

⟨2r5⟩ ⟨⟨tro⟨ḥ⟩⟩⟩ nāgavatsasvāmibandhuvatsasvāminos tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsanenāti-

⟨2r6⟩ s¡tṛ!⟨ṛ⟩ṣṭako bhūtvāsmābhir apy uttarāyaṇe mātāpitror ātmanaś ca

⟨Page 2v⟩

⟨2v1⟩ puṇy¿e?⟨ā⟩bhivṛddhayenumoditaḥ⟨⟨+⟩⟩ te yūyam evam upalabhyā¡sy!⟨nayor⟩ ājñāśra-

⟨2v2⟩ vaṇavidheyā bhūtvā yathocita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgam upa{mupa}nayantas su-

⟨2v3⟩ kha⟨ṁ⟩ prativa◯tsyatha bhaviṣyataś ca bhūmipā⟨n a⟩nudarśayati<dashPlain> dānād viśiṣṭa-

⟨2v4⟩ m anupā◯lanajaṁ purāṇ¿e?⟨ā⟩ {d}dharmmeṣu niścitadhiya(ḫ) pravada{ṁ}nti dharmmaṁ tasmā-

⟨2v5⟩ ⟨d⟩ dvijāya su{i}viśuddhakulaśrutāya dattā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ bhavatu vo matir eva goptu⟨ṁ⟩+ ta-

⟨2v6⟩ d bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

⟨Page 3r⟩

⟨3r1⟩ Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩ dattā-

⟨3r2⟩ s trayas tena bhavanti lokā yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT ṣaṣṭiva-

⟨3r3⟩ rṣasaha◯srāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny e-

⟨3r4⟩ va na⟨ra⟩ke va◯seT bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhiḥ yasya

⟨3r5⟩ yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattā⟨ṁ vā⟩ ya-

⟨3r6⟩ tnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nupā

⟨Page 3v⟩

⟨3v1⟩ Asmin⟨n⟩ eva grāme pūrvvataṭākasya paryya¡tta!⟨nta⟩bhūmivaprabaddhā śrī-

⟨3v2⟩ ⟨⟨+⟩⟩vāpikā pa¡tthā!⟨nthā⟩naṁ yāvaj ¡jā!⟨jye⟩ṣṭha iti kṛtvā nāga⟨va⟩tsasvāmine grāmārddhasyādhi⟨⟨kā dattā⟩⟩⟨⟨+⟩⟩

⟨3v3⟩ lanam iti ◯svamukhājñayā pravarddhamānavijaya¡saṁvva!⟨saṁva⟩tsara 10 māgha 9

⟨3v4⟩ U¡kt!⟨tk⟩īrṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ droṇasiṅghena

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

prasanna(hṛdayasyaiva vikkramākrāntavidviṣaḥ)

(śrīmatsudevarājasya śāsanaṁ ripuśāsanaṁ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasti śarabhapurād vikkramopanatasāmantamakuṭacūḍāmaṇi⟨1v2⟩prabhāprasekāmbudhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīmantoddha⟨1v3⟩raṇahe◯tur vvasuvasudhāgoprada(ḫ) paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛ⟨1v4⟩pādānu◯ddhyātaś śrīmahāsudevarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyaśrīsāhi⟨1v5⟩kāyāṁ prativāsikuṭumbinas samājñāpayati~

viditam astu vo ⟨1v6⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas ¡tṛ!⟨tri⟩daśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhāka⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩ro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad ava⟨2r2⟩tiṣṭhate tāvad upabhogyas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya⟨s⟩ ⟨2r3⟩ sarvvaka◯ravisarjjitaẖ k¿o?⟨au⟩ṇḍinyasagotravājasaneyasavit⟨ṛ⟩⟨2r4⟩svāmina ◯⟨ā⟩tmīyaka(n)yāpradāne⟨na⟩ AUpamanyava⟨va⟩tsasagotra ⟨⟨+⟩⟩yāmā⟨2r5⟩⟨⟨tro⟨ḥ⟩⟩⟩ nāgavatsasvāmibandhuvatsasvāminos tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsanenāti⟨2r6⟩s¡tṛ!⟨ṛ⟩ṣṭako bhūtvāsmābhir apy uttarāyaṇe mātāpitror ātmanaś ca ⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨2v1⟩ puṇy¿e?⟨ā⟩bhivṛddhayenumoditaḥ⟨⟨+⟩⟩

te yūyam evam upalabhyā¡sy!⟨nayor⟩ ājñāśra⟨2v2⟩vaṇavidheyā bhūtvā yathocita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgam upa{mupa}nayantas su⟨2v3⟩kha⟨ṁ⟩ prativa◯tsyatha bhaviṣyataś ca bhūmipā⟨n a⟩nudarśayati<dashPlain>

I. Vasantatilakā

dānād viśiṣṭa⟨2v4⟩m anupā◯lanajaṁ purāṇ¿e?⟨ā⟩

{d}dharmmeṣu niścitadhiya(ḫ) pravada{ṁ}nti dharmmaṁ

tasmā⟨2v5⟩⟨d⟩ dvijāya su{i}viśuddhakulaśrutāya

dattā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ bhavatu vo matir eva goptu⟨ṁ⟩+

ta⟨2v6⟩d bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

II. Indravajrā

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨3r2⟩s trayas tena bhavanti lokā

yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT

III. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭiva⟨3r3⟩rṣasaha◯srāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny e⟨3r4⟩va na⟨ra⟩ke va◯seT

IV. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhiḥ

yasya ⟨3r5⟩ yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

V. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattā⟨ṁ vā⟩ ya⟨3r6⟩tnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nupā

⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1⟩ Asmin⟨n⟩ eva grāme pūrvvataṭākasya paryya¡tta!⟨nta⟩bhūmivaprabaddhā śrī⟨3v2⟩⟨⟨+⟩⟩vāpikā pa¡tthā!⟨nthā⟩naṁ yāvaj ¡jā!⟨jye⟩ṣṭha iti kṛtvā nāga⟨va⟩tsasvāmine grāmārddhasyādhi⟨⟨kā dattā⟩⟩⟨⟨+⟩⟩ ⟨3v3⟩ lanam iti ◯svamukhājñayā pravarddhamānavijaya¡saṁvva!⟨saṁva⟩tsara 10 māgha 9 ⟨3v4⟩ U¡kt!⟨tk⟩īrṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ droṇasiṅghena

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

⟨1v1⟩ °makuṭa° ⬦ °makuta° JFF; °makuṭa° AMS.

⟨1v2⟩ °dhauta° ⬦ °dhota° JFF; °dhauta° AMS • The shape of the vowel marker for au is slightly irregular, but is the same as in other copperplate charters of the kings of Śarabhapura.

⟨1v4⟩ °śrīsāhi⟨1v5⟩kāyāṁ° ⬦ °srīsāhi⟨1v5⟩kāyāṁ° JFF; °śrīsāhi⟨1v5⟩kāyāṁ° AMS.

⟨2r4⟩ °svāmina ⬦ °svāmina JFF; °svāmine AMS.

⟨2v2⟩ yathocita⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ yathocitaṁ JFF; yathocita⟨ṁ⟩ AMS. — ⟨2v2⟩ su⟨2v3⟩kha⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ su⟨2v3⟩kham JFF; su⟨2v3⟩kha⟨ṁ⟩ AMS.

⟨2v5⟩ su{i}° • The vowel marker for i is also present, in addition to the vowel marker for u. It seems that si was engraved first, by accident, and it was corrected in su without chiselling out i. — ⟨2v5⟩ dattā⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ dattāṁ JFF; dattā⟨ṁ⟩ AMS. — ⟨2v5⟩ bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ bhuvaṁ JFF; bhuva⟨ṁ⟩ AMS. — ⟨2v5⟩ goptu⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ goptuṁ JFF; goptu⟨ṁ⟩ AMS.

⟨3r6⟩ ’nupā ⬦ ’nupāla JFF; ’nupā AMS • The phrase ’nupālanam iti is continued at the beginning of line 3v3.

⟨3v2⟩ pa¡tthā!⟨nthā⟩naṁ ⬦ panthānaṁ JFF; pa¡tthā!⟨nthā⟩naṁ AMS. — ⟨3v2⟩ grāmā° ⬦ grāmā° JFF; grāma° AMS.

⟨3v3⟩ lanam iti • This is the second half of the phrase ’nupālanam iti. The first half can be found at the end of line 3r6.

⟨3v4⟩ droṇasiṅghena ⬦ droṇasiṅgh¿a?⟨e⟩na JFF; droṇasiṅghena AMS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The enemy-chastising charter belongs to the illustrious Sudevarāja, who was the heart of Prasanna and whose enemies were overcome by his valour.

Plates

(1v1–1v5) Success! Hail! From Śarabhapura, the illustrious great Sudevarāja whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels on the crests of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess, who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair, who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle, who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu, and favoured by his father and mother, issues [the following command] to the landholders settled in [the village of] Śrīsāhikā situated in the Eastern rāṣṭra:

(1v5–2v1) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to Nāgavatsasvāmin and Bandhuvatsasvāmin, [both] belonging to the Vatsa gotra and to the Aupamanyava [school], who are the sons-in-law by the gift of his own daughters in marriage of Savitṛsvāmin, belonging to the Kauṇḍinya gotra and to the Vājasaneya [school]. [The grant of the village], which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods (i.e., Indra’s heaven), [took place] on the occasion of a lunar eclipse; is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, [the world] of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; [comes along with the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.

(3v1–3v2) In this same village, the [well called] Śrīvāpikā, constructed in a mound on the land that borders the eastern tank [and] extending up to the road, was granted in addition to [his] half of the village to Nāgavatsasvāmin because he is the elder [brother].

(2v1–2v3) Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from these two (i.e., the donees) and render the [proper shares of] periodical offerings and produce, while living happily [in this village]. And [the king] instructs the future rulers:

2v3–2v5

The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection [of a grant] is more excellent than [that which arises] from the giving [itself]; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.

(2v5–2v6) This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

3r1–3r2

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.

3r2–3r4

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r4–3r5

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r5–3r6

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

(3v3–3v4) By the order from the king’s own mouth, [the copperplate charter] has been engraved by Droṇasiṅgha [on the day] 9 [of] the month of Māgha [in] the increasingly victorious year 10 [of Sudevarāja’s reign].

Commentary

There are several premodern editorial marks in the text, suggesting that the order of the text should have been engraved differently. First, the word yāmātroḥ at the end of line 2r4 and the beginning of line 2r5 is preceded by a kākapada, indicating that it should have been placed elsewhere. As suggested by Fleet 1970, the likely intended order of the description of the donees was: kauṇḍinyasagotravājasaneyasavitṛsvāminas ātmīyakanyāpradānena yāmātroḥ aupamanyavavatsasagotranāgavatsasvāmibandhuvatsasvāminos. Second, the lines 3v1 and 3v2 at the end of the inscription are part of the description of the grant and should have been engraved in that context, as indicated by the kākapada in line 2v1. The two lines also contain another two editorial marks, indicating that the order within this section should have been different as well. As suggested by Fleet 1970, the intended order was likely: Asminn eva grāme pūrvvataṭākasya paryyattantabhūmivaprabaddhā grāmārddhasyādhikā śrīvāpikā panthānaṁ yāvaj jyeṣṭha iti kṛtvā nāgavatsasvāmine dattā.

Bibliography

First edited by Fleet 1970 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995, pp. 46–49; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Fleet).

Primary

[JFF] No name. 1970. “Raypur copper-plate inscription of the raja Maha-Sudevaraja.” In: Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings and their successors. Third revised edition. Edited by John Faithfull Fleet. Corpus inscriptionum indicarum 3. Varanasi: Indological Book House, pp. 196–200.

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 46–49.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 45, 237.

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<title>Raipur Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 10</title>

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<l n="ab">prasanna<unclear>hṛdayasyaiva vikkramākrāntavidviṣaḥ</unclear></l>

<l n="cd"><unclear>śrīmatsudevarājasya śāsanaṁ ripuśāsanaṁ</unclear></l>

</lg></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralL"/> svasti śarabhapurād vikkramopanatasāmantamakuṭacūḍāmaṇi<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>prabhāprasekāmbudhautapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīmantoddha<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>raṇahe<space type="binding-hole"/>tur vvasuvasudhāgoprada<unclear>ḫ</unclear> paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛ<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>pādānu<space type="binding-hole"/>ddhyātaś śrīmahāsudevarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyaśrīsāhi<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>kāyāṁ prativāsikuṭumbinas samājñāpayati<g type="dashDouble"/></p> <p>viditam astu vo <lb n="1v6"/>yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas <choice><orig>tṛ</orig><reg>tri</reg></choice>daśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhāka<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>ro yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorāndhakāraṁ jagad ava<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>tiṣṭhate tāvad upabhogyas sanidhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśya<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> <lb n="2r3"/>sarvvaka<space type="binding-hole"/>ravisarjjitaẖ k<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>au</corr></choice>ṇḍinyasagotravājasaneyasavit<supplied reason="omitted">ṛ</supplied><lb n="2r4" break="no"/>svāmina <space type="binding-hole"/><supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>tmīyaka<unclear>n</unclear>yāpradāne<supplied reason="omitted">na</supplied> AUpamanyava<supplied reason="omitted">va</supplied>tsasagotra <add place="above"><g type="crossPlus"/></add>yāmā<lb n="2r5" break="no"/><add place="overstrike" rend="mark">tro<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></add> nāgavatsasvāmibandhuvatsasvāminos tā<choice><orig>mbra</orig><reg>mra</reg></choice>śāsanenāti<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>s<choice><orig>tṛ</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>ṣṭako bhūtvāsmābhir apy uttarāyaṇe mātāpitror ātmanaś ca <pb n="2v"/><lb n="2v1"/>puṇy<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>bhivṛddhayenumoditaḥ<add place="above"><g type="crossPlus"/></add></p> <p>te yūyam evam upalabhyā<choice><orig>sy</orig><reg>nayor</reg></choice> ājñāśra<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>vaṇavidheyā bhūtvā yathocita<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhogabhāgam upa<surplus>mupa</surplus>nayantas su<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>kha<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> prativa<space type="binding-hole"/>tsyatha bhaviṣyataś ca bhūmipā<supplied reason="omitted">n a</supplied>nudarśayati<g type="dashPlain"/></p>

<l n="a">dānād viśiṣṭa<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>m anupā<space type="binding-hole"/>lanajaṁ purāṇ<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice></l>

<l n="b"><surplus>d</surplus>dharmmeṣu niścitadhiya<unclear>ḫ</unclear> pravada<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nti dharmmaṁ</l>

<l n="c">tasmā<lb n="2v5" break="no"/><supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied> dvijāya su<surplus>i</surplus>viśuddhakulaśrutāya</l>

<l n="d">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhuva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhavatu vo matir eva goptu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><g type="crossPlus"/></l></lg>

<p>ta<lb n="2v6" break="no"/>d bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā vyāsagītā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ś cātra ślokān udāharanti</p>

<l n="a"><pb n="3r"/><lb n="3r1"/>Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c">dattā<lb n="3r2" break="no"/>s trayas tena bhavanti lokā</l>

<l n="d">yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca dadyāT</l></lg>

<l n="ab">ṣaṣṭiva<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>rṣasaha<space type="binding-hole"/>srāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd">Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny e<lb n="3r4" break="no"/>va na<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied>ke va<space type="binding-hole"/>seT</l></lg>

<l n="ab">bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sagarādibhiḥ</l>

<l n="cd">yasya <lb n="3r5"/>yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> paradattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ vā</supplied> ya<lb n="3r6" break="no"/>tnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira</l>

<l n="cd">mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupā</l></lg>

<p><pb n="3v"/><lb n="3v1"/>Asmin<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied> eva grāme pūrvvataṭākasya paryya<choice><orig>tta</orig><reg>nta</reg></choice>bhūmivaprabaddhā śrī<lb n="3v2" break="no"/><add place="above"><g type="crossPlus"/></add>vāpikā pa<choice><orig>tthā</orig><reg>nthā</reg></choice>naṁ yāvaj <choice><orig>jā</orig><reg>jye</reg></choice>ṣṭha iti kṛtvā nāga<supplied reason="omitted">va</supplied>tsasvāmine grāmārddhasyādhi<add place="below">kā dattā</add><add place="above"><g type="crossPlus"/></add> <lb n="3v3"/>lanam iti <space type="binding-hole"/>svamukhājñayā pravarddhamānavijaya<choice><orig>saṁvva</orig><reg>saṁva</reg></choice>tsara <num value="10">10</num> māgha <num value="9">9</num> <lb n="3v4"/>U<choice><orig>kt</orig><reg>tk</reg></choice>īrṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> droṇasiṅghena</p>

</div></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<lem>°makuṭa°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">°makuta°</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°makuṭa°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°dhauta°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">°dhota°</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°dhauta°</rdg><note>The shape of the vowel marker for <foreign>au</foreign> is slightly irregular, but is the same as in other copperplate charters of the kings of Śarabhapura.</note>

</app>

<lem>°śrīsāhi<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>kāyāṁ°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">°srīsāhi<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>kāyāṁ°</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°śrīsāhi<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>kāyāṁ°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°svāmina</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">°svāmina</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°svāmine</rdg>

</app>

<lem>yathocita<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">yathocitaṁ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">yathocita<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></rdg>

</app>

</app>

<note>The vowel marker for <foreign>i</foreign> is also present, in addition to the vowel marker for <foreign>u</foreign>. It seems that <foreign>si</foreign> was engraved first, by accident, and it was corrected in <foreign>su</foreign> without chiselling out <foreign>i</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>dattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">dattāṁ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></rdg>

</app>

<lem>bhuva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">bhuvaṁ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">bhuva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></rdg>

</app>

<lem>goptu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">goptuṁ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">goptu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">'nupāla</rdg>

<note>The phrase <foreign>'nupālanam iti</foreign> is continued at the beginning of line 3v3.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">panthānaṁ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>grāmā°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">grāmā°</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">grāma°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>lanam iti</lem>

<note>This is the second half of the phrase <foreign>'nupālanam iti</foreign>. The first half can be found at the end of line 3r6.</note>

</app>

<lem>droṇasiṅghena</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_02">droṇasiṅgh<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>na</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">droṇasiṅghena</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>The enemy-chastising charter belongs to the illustrious Sudevarāja, who was the heart of Prasanna and whose enemies were overcome by his valour.</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-1v5">Success! Hail! From Śarabhapura, the illustrious great Sudevarāja whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels on the crests of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess, who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair, who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle, who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu, and favoured by his father and mother, issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to the landholders settled in <supplied reason="subaudible">the village of</supplied> Śrīsāhikā situated in the Eastern <foreign>rāṣṭra</foreign>:</p>

<p n="1v5-2v1">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to Nāgavatsasvāmin and Bandhuvatsasvāmin, <supplied reason="subaudible">both</supplied> belonging to the Vatsa <foreign>gotra</foreign> and to the Aupamanyava <supplied reason="subaudible">school</supplied>, who are the sons-in-law by the gift of his own daughters in marriage of Savitṛsvāmin, belonging to the Kauṇḍinya <foreign>gotra</foreign> and to the Vājasaneya <supplied reason="subaudible">school</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Indra’s heaven</supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">took place</supplied> on the occasion of a lunar eclipse; is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">the world</supplied> of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; <supplied reason="subaudible">comes along with the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.</p>

<p n="3v1-3v2">In this same village, the <supplied reason="subaudible">well called</supplied> Śrīvāpikā, constructed in a mound on the land that borders the eastern tank <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> extending up to the road, was granted in addition to <supplied reason="subaudible">his</supplied> half of the village to Nāgavatsasvāmin because he is the elder <supplied reason="subaudible">brother</supplied>.</p>

<p n="2v1-2v3">Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from these two <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., the donees</supplied> and render the <supplied reason="subaudible">proper shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> instructs the future rulers:</p>

<p n="2v3-2v5" rend="stanza">The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection <supplied reason="subaudible">of a grant</supplied> is more excellent than <supplied reason="subaudible">that which arises</supplied> from the giving <supplied reason="subaudible">itself</supplied>; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.</p>

<p n="2v5-2v6">This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="3r1-3r2" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.</p>

<p n="3r2-3r4" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r5-3r6" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>

<p n="3v3-3v4">By the order from the king’s own mouth, <supplied reason="subaudible">the copperplate charter</supplied> has been engraved by Droṇasiṅgha <supplied reason="subaudible">on the day</supplied> 9 <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the month of Māgha <supplied reason="subaudible">in</supplied> the increasingly victorious year 10 <supplied reason="subaudible">of Sudevarāja's reign</supplied>.</p></div></div>

<p>There are several premodern editorial marks in the text, suggesting that the order of the text should have been engraved differently. First, the word <foreign>yāmātroḥ</foreign> at the end of line 2r4 and the beginning of line 2r5 is preceded by a <foreign>kākapada</foreign>, indicating that it should have been placed elsewhere. As suggested by Fleet <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Fleet1970_02"/></bibl>, the likely intended order of the description of the donees was: <foreign>kauṇḍinyasagotravājasaneyasavitṛsvāminas ātmīyakanyāpradānena yāmātroḥ aupamanyavavatsasagotranāgavatsasvāmibandhuvatsasvāminos</foreign>. Second, the lines 3v1 and 3v2 at the end of the inscription are part of the description of the grant and should have been engraved in that context, as indicated by the <foreign>kākapada</foreign> in line 2v1. The two lines also contain another two editorial marks, indicating that the order within this section should have been different as well. As suggested by Fleet <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Fleet1970_02"/></bibl>, the intended order was likely: <foreign>Asminn eva grāme pūrvvataṭākasya paryyattantabhūmivaprabaddhā grāmārddhasyādhikā śrīvāpikā panthānaṁ yāvaj jyeṣṭha iti kṛtvā nāgavatsasvāmine dattā</foreign>.</p>

</div>

<p>First edited by Fleet <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Fleet1970_02"/></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>46-49</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs (edition of the seal based on Fleet).</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

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