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· <title>Peṇukapaṟu grant of Jayasiṁha II</title>
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15 <forename>Dániel</forename>
· <surname>Balogh</surname>
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20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
· <persName ref="part:daba">
· <forename>Dániel</forename>
· <surname>Balogh</surname>
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30 <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00015</idno>
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· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Dániel Balogh.</p>
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40 </availability>
· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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· <p>Halantas. M occurs in lines 19, 21, 23, 28 and 30. The one in 19 looks like ma, slightly simplified and only slightly reduced in size; the others are much smaller and more simplified, and raised.
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
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·<div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:83225 maturity:83213">
100<div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· <ab><lb n="1"/>śrī-sarvvasiddhi</ab>
·</div>
·<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
·<pb n="1r"/>
105<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1"/>svasti<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁstūyamāna-mānavya-sagotrāṇāṁ hārīti-putrāṇāṁ <lb n="2"/>sapta-<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">lo</unclear>ka-māt<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">r̥</unclear>bhiḥ paripālitānāṁ svāmi-mahāsena-pāda-bhaktānāṁ bhagavan-nārā<lb n="3" break="no"/>yaṇa-prasāda-samāsādita-vara-varāha-lāṁchanekṣaṇa-kṣaṇa-vaśikr̥t<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>śeṣa-śa<lb n="4" break="no"/>tru-ma<space type="binding-hole"/>ṇḍalānām<surplus>m</surplus> aśvamedhāvabhr̥tha-snāna-pavitrīkr̥ta-vapuṣāṁ <orig>caḷikyānāṁ</orig> kula<lb n="5" break="no"/>m a<space type="binding-hole"/>laṁkariṣṇoḥ śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-m<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>hārājasya pautraḥ śrī-sarvvalokāśra<lb n="6" break="no"/>ya-mahārājasya putraḥ svāsi-dhārā-namita-rājanya-makuṭa-taṭā-ghaṭ<surplus>ṭ</surplus><unclear>i</unclear>ta<lb n="7" break="no"/>-maṇi-mayū<choice><sic>k</sic><corr>kh</corr></choice>a-puñja-<supplied reason="omitted">mañja</supplied>rī-rañjita-caraṇa-yuga<choice><orig><unclear>ḷ</unclear></orig><reg>l</reg></choice><unclear>aḥ</unclear> pratāpavā<unclear>N</unclear> prasanna-viniveśita-śakti-tra<unclear>yaḥ</unclear> <lb n="8"/>parama-b<unclear>r</unclear>ah<unclear>m</unclear>aṇ<unclear>y</unclear>o mātā-pitr̥-pādānudhyātaḥ sakala-lokāśraya-śrī-ja<unclear>ya</unclear><pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="9" break="no"/>siṁgha-vallabha-mahārājaḥ sarvv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>n ittham ājñāpayati</p>
·<p>viditam astu vo <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>smābhiḥ vaṁgipaṟu-v<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>stavy<unclear>ā</unclear>ya <lb n="10"/>kauṇḍinya-gotrāya taittirīyāyāpastaṁba-sūtrāya guṁjadevaśarmmaṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> pautrāya sarvva<lb n="11" break="no"/>-kratu-yājino devaśarmmaṇaḥ putrāya catur-vveda-pāragāya sarvva-śāstra-viśāradāya <lb n="12"/>śrī-Eṟa<space type="binding-hole"/>droṇaśarmmaṇe</p>
·<ab>karmma-rāṣṭra-viṣaya-nivāsi-ku<add place="below" rend="mark">ṭu</add>ṁbina<add place="inline">ḥ</add> bhavad-viṣaye sarvvān i<lb n="13" break="no"/>ttha<space type="binding-hole"/>m ājñāpayati</ab>
·<p>jyaiṣṭhyāṁ paurṇṇamāsyāṁ saṁkrānti-kāle bhūmidāna-nimitte <lb n="14"/>gobbaḍi-vijñāpanāt karmma-rāṣṭre peṇukapaṟu nāma grāme tasya grā<lb n="15" break="no"/>masyottara-pūrvvasyān diśi kṣetran dattam</p>
·<p>asya kṣetrasya pūrvvato <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>vadhiḥ niḍugaṭṭa-taṭā<lb n="16" break="no"/>ka<orig>ḥ</orig><supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>
110dakṣiṇato <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>vadhiḥ pūsa-boḷa-kṣetrāntaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>
·pa<del>ści</del>ścimato <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>vadhiḥ dego <gap reason="illegible" quantity="6" unit="character" precision="low"/><lb n="17"/><unclear>na</unclear>kupovu panthāḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>
·Uttarato <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>vadhiḥ maṣakhāvadhiḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied></p>
·<p>t<unclear>oṁ</unclear>dha-kṣetraṁ grā<unclear>ma</unclear>sy<unclear>o</unclear><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">tta</supplied><unclear cert="low">ra</unclear><unclear>ta</unclear>s ta<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="18" break="no"/>ṭākaḥ tasyottarāparasyān diśi<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> tasya pūrvvato <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>vadhiḥ kūpaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>
·dakṣiṇato <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>vadhiḥ <unclear>taṭāka</unclear>ḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>
115paścimata <lb n="19"/>Uttarataś ca j<unclear cert="low">e</unclear>ḍḍa-boḷa-kṣetrānto <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>vadhiḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>
·Asya kṣetrasya kūpa-dvayaM<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied>
·taṭāka E<lb n="20" break="no"/>kaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> kūpaḥ tāla-taṭākasya pūrvvataḥ</p>
·<p>dakṣiṇārddhe vrīhi-kṣetraṁ catuṣṭaya parimā<lb n="21" break="no"/>ṇaṁ prā<space type="binding-hole"/>g-apavarggaṁ ca</p>
·<p>grāmasyottara-pūrvva-deśe girāv a<supplied reason="omitted">va</supplied>kāśaM</p>
120<p>Eta<orig><add place="above">ś</add></orig> catur-avadhi<lb n="22" break="no"/>-paryya<space type="binding-hole"/>ntaṁ kṣetr<orig><unclear>ā</unclear></orig>n dharmma-yaśobhivr̥ddhaye sarvva-kara-parihāropetam u<del rend="other">ka</del>daka-pū<lb n="23" break="no"/>rvvakaṁ brahmadeyī-kr̥tya prādāM<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Asya sarvva-kara-parihāropetasya kṣetrasya yo <lb n="24"/>bādhāṁ karoti sa<surplus>ḥ</surplus> <orig>vāraṇāśyāṁ</orig> sahasra-brahma-haty<orig>a</orig>-pātaka-saṁyukto bhavati<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied><lb n="25"/>yo <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>smac-chāsanam atikr<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>met sa pāpaḥ śār<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ran daṇḍam arhati so <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>pi paṁca-mahā<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="26" break="no"/>-pātaka-saṁyukto bhavati<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> bhavanti cātra ślokāḥ</p>
·<lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
·<l n="a">bhūm<unclear>i</unclear>-dānāt pa<unclear>ran dānan</unclear></l>
·<l n="b"><unclear>na bhūtan na</unclear> bha<lb n="27" break="no"/>viṣyati</l>
·<l n="c">tasyaiva haraṇāt pāpan</l>
125<l n="d">na bhūtan na bhaviṣyati<space/></l>
·</lg>
·<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh">
·<l n="a">sva-dattām para-dattāṁ vā</l>
·<l n="b"><lb n="28"/>yo <del>re</del>hareta vasundharāM</l>
130<l n="c">ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi</l>
·<l n="d">viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate k<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r̥</reg></choice>miḥ</l>
·</lg>
·<lg n="3" met="anuṣṭubh">
·<l n="a"><lb n="29"/>bahu<space type="binding-hole"/>bhir vvasudhā dattā</l>
135<l n="b">bahubhiś cānupālitā</l>
·<l n="c">yasya yasya yadā <lb n="30"/>bhūmis</l>
·<l n="d">tasya tasya tadā phalaM</l>
·</lg>
·<p>ājñaptir nniravadya-sakala-lokāśraya-śrī-pr̥thiv<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>-gāmuṇḍī</p>
140<lg n="4" met="anuṣṭubh">
·<l n="a"><lb n="31"/>vindhyāṭav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣv atoyāsu</l>
·<l n="b">śuṣka-koṭara-vāsina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
·<l n="c">kr̥ṣṇāhayo hi jāyante</l>
·<l n="d"><unclear>brahma-deyāpa</unclear>hārakā<unclear>ḥ</unclear></l>
145</lg>
·<pb n="3v"/>
·</div>
·</div>
·
150
·
·
·
·<div type="apparatus">
155 <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· </div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
· <listApp>
· <app loc="1">
160 <lem>hārīti-</lem>
· <note>I adopt Hultzsch's reading but note that this looks more like <foreign>hāritī</foreign> in my scan. The difference between <foreign>i</foreign> and <foreign>ī</foreign> is minor and the vowels are not very clear, being right on the edge of the plate.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="2">
· <lem>-puñja-<supplied reason="omitted">mañja</supplied>rī-</lem>
165 <note>Probably an eyeskip omission, but this phrase normally involves <foreign>mañjarī-puñja</foreign>.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="7">
· <lem>pratāpavā<unclear>N</unclear> prasanna</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1925-1926_05">pratāpavān prasanna</rdg>
170 <note>The scanned rubbing is none too clear, but I do not see a conjunct <foreign>npra</foreign> here. Hultzsch adds a footnote, <q>Read perhaps <foreign>=prasanna</foreign></q>, where the = sign indicates a ligature; but since this is exactly what he prints in the body of his edition, the purpose of this note is unclear. There is a small glyph before <foreign>pra</foreign> that may be a final <foreign>N</foreign>, probably inserted subsequently, to correct <foreign>pra</foreign> into <foreign>npra</foreign>.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="11">
· <lem>-ku<add place="below" rend="mark">ṭu</add>ṁbina<add place="inline">ḥ</add></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1925-1926_05">-ku<add place="below" rend="mark">ṭu</add>ṁbinaṁ</rdg>
175 <note>The addition <foreign>ṭu</foreign> was engraved immediately below <foreign>ku</foreign>, and probably before engraving the next line. A small cross to the right of the headmark of <foreign>ku</foreign> indicates the correction. Where Hultzsch sees an <foreign>anusvāra</foreign>, I see a <foreign>visarga</foreign>. Its dots are above and below the limb of the following <foreign>bha</foreign>, so even if it is an <foreign>anusvāra</foreign>, it was in all probability added subsequently.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="16">
· <lem>pa<del>ści</del>ścimato</lem>
· <note>According to Hultzsch, the first <foreign>ści</foreign> seems to have been struck out. No indication of this is visible in the estampage. This character is slightly smaller than, and less clearly formed, than the next one, but I cannot tell for certain why it was re-engraved. It may, perhaps, have started as <foreign>ci</foreign>, which the engraver tried to correct into <foreign>ści</foreign>, then decided to re-engrave.</note>
180 </app>
· <app loc="17">
· <lem><unclear>o</unclear><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">tta</supplied><unclear cert="low">ra</unclear><unclear>ta</unclear>s</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1925-1926_05"><unclear>o</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>ta</unclear>s</rdg>
· <note>Hultzsch indicates the lacuna with two dots. Since he uses six dots for the lacuna at the end of the previous line, he clearly means two lost characters, with which I concur. The span of the lacuna is actually more like three character widths, but there must have been characters hanging down into this line from the one above. I think vestiges or <foreign>ra</foreign> are visible immediately before the damaged but recognisable <foreign>ta</foreign>, and thus restore as shown.</note>
185 </app>
· <app loc="19">
· <lem>E<lb n="20" break="no"/>kaḥ<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> <gap reason="ellipsis"/> pūrvvataḥ</lem>
· <note>Hultzsch parses this passage differently, supplying punctuation after <foreign>taṭāka ekaḥ kūpaḥ</foreign> and reading <foreign>tāla-taṭakasya pūrvvataḥ</foreign> as part of the following sentence.</note>
· </app>
190 <app loc="21">
· <lem>girāv a<supplied reason="omitted">va</supplied>kāśaM</lem>
· <note>In a note, but not in the text of the edition, Hultzsch tentatively suggests the emendation <foreign>giry-avakāśaM</foreign>.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="21">
195 <lem>Eta<orig><add place="above">ś</add></orig> catur-avadhi<lb n="22"/>-paryya<space type="binding-hole"/>ntaṁ kṣetr<orig><unclear>ā</unclear></orig>n</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1925-1926_05">Eta<choice><sic>ś</sic><corr>c</corr></choice>-catur-avadhi<lb n="22"/>-paryya<space type="binding-hole"/>ntaṁ kṣetr<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>n</rdg>
· <note>An initially engraved <foreign>ca</foreign> was corrected to <foreign>śca</foreign> by engraving <foreign>ś</foreign> on top, which Hultzsch does not mention. His interpretation and emendation are plausible, but I believe the intent of the composer or the corrector may rather have been <foreign>etāṁś catur-avadhi-paryyantān kṣetrān</foreign>, even though <foreign>kṣetra</foreign> is expected to be neuter and was used as such in line 15 above.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="22">
200 <lem>u<del rend="other">ka</del>daka-</lem>
· <note>The first <foreign>ka</foreign> is cancelled by a short horizontal stroke above it.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="26">
· <lem>pa<unclear>ran dānan</unclear><unclear>na bhūtan na</unclear> bha<lb n="27" break="no"/>viṣyati</lem>
205 <note>Hultzsch prints all of this clear except for <foreign>ū</foreign>. The scanned rubbing is none too clear, but there is something strange going on here with character sizes and spacing: the preceding <foreign>nā</foreign> and <foreign>tpa</foreign> are very large and quite ornate, but the following characters are crowded together. <foreign>bhū</foreign> also seems to be quite large, but all other characters of this segment occupy very little space. The last three characters in the line are not discernible at all in the scan, and apparently occupy about as much space as the earlier <foreign>tpa</foreign> alone. It seems quite likely that a correction of an eyeskip omission was involved here, but I cannot ascertain any details.</note>
· </app>
· <app loc="28">
· <lem><del>re</del>hareta</lem>
· <note>Hultzsch emends, but does not note the presence of original correction. I assume the extra <foreign>re</foreign> was deleted, but cannot be certain.</note>
210 </app>
·
·
·
· </listApp>
215 </div>
·
·</div>
·
·
220
·
·<div type="translation" resp="part:daba">
· <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· </div>
225 <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
·<p n="1-8">Greetings. The grandson of His Majesty King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Viṣṇuvardhana <supplied reason="explanation">II</supplied>, who was eager to adorn the lineage of the majestic Caḷikyas—who are of the Mānavya <foreign>gotra</foreign> which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Hāriti, who are devoted to the feet of Lord Mahāsena, to whom all enemy territories instantaneously submit at the <supplied reason="subaudible">mere</supplied> sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, and whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>avabhr̥tha</foreign></supplied> of the Aśvamedha sacrifice—; son of His Majesty King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Sarvalokāśraya <supplied reason="explanation">Maṅgi Yuvarāja</supplied>; His Majesty the valiant and supremely pious King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Jayasiṁha Vallabha <supplied reason="explanation">II</supplied> Sakalalokāśraya, whose pair of feet are tinted by clusters of beams the gems fitted to the surfaces of the crowns of princes bowed down by the blade of his sword, who directs his three powers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śakti-traya</foreign></supplied> toward benevolent <supplied reason="subaudible">objectives</supplied> and who was deliberately appointed <supplied reason="explanation">as heir</supplied> by his mother and father, commands everyone as follows.</p>
·<p n="8-12">Let it be known to you <supplied reason="subaudible">that</supplied> we <supplied reason="omitted" cert="low">have donated land</supplied> to the Reverend Eṟa-droṇaśarman of the Kauṇḍinya <foreign>gotra</foreign>, a Taittirīya who follows the Āpastamba <foreign>sūtra</foreign>, a resident of Vaṁgipaṟu, who has completely mastered the four Vedas and is versed in all textbooks <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śāstra</foreign></supplied>, and who is the grandson of Guṁjadevaśarman and son of Devaśarman, a performer of all sacrifices.</p>
·<p n="12-15"><supplied reason="omitted" cert="low">Jayasiṁha-vallabha II</supplied> commands all householders <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭumbin</foreign></supplied> of Karmarāṣṭra district <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣaya</foreign></supplied> as follows. At the request of Gobbaḍi for a land donation <supplied reason="subaudible">to be made</supplied> at the time of a passage of the sun <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>saṁkrānti</foreign></supplied>, we have donated at the full moon of <supplied reason="explanation">the month</supplied> Jyaiṣṭha <supplied reason="subaudible">some</supplied> field in your district, <supplied reason="subaudible">namely</supplied> Karmarāṣṭra district, at the village named Peṇukapaṟu, to the northeast of that village.</p>
·<p n="15-17">Of this field, the boundary on the east is the Niḍugaṭṭa pond. The boundary on the south is the edge of the Pūsa-boḷa field. The boundary on the west is <gap reason="illegible"/> road <gap reason="illegible"/> The boundary on the north is the boundary of Maṣakha.</p>
230<p n="17-20">The Toṁdha field is to the northwest of that pond <supplied reason="subaudible">which is</supplied> to the north of the village. Of that, the boundary on the east is a well. The boundary on the south is the pond. The boundary on the west and on the north is the boundary of the Jeḍḍa-boḷa field. Two water sources belong to this field. One is the pond. <supplied reason="subaudible">The other is</supplied> a well to the east of the Tāla pond.</p>
·<p n="20-21">And the paddy field in the southern part, the extent of which is four<note>The paddy field may have been sufficient for sowing four <foreign>khaṇḍika</foreign>s of seed, or it may have been four <foreign>nivartana</foreign>s in extent.</note>, is a previous donation <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">to the same donee</supplied>.</p>
·<p n="21">A gap in the hill in the area northeast of the village.</p>
·<p n="21-26">
·For the sake of increasing <supplied reason="subaudible">my</supplied> merit <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dharma</foreign></supplied> and glory, I have granted the fields delineated by four boundaries as above, converted into a Brahmanic gift <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>brahma-deya</foreign></supplied> by a remission of all taxes, <supplied reason="subaudible">the donation being</supplied> sanctified by <supplied reason="explanation">a libation of</supplied> water. He who poses an obstruction to this field exempt from all taxes shall incur <supplied reason="subaudible">the sin of</supplied> slaughtering a thousand Brahmins in Vāraṇaśī. Whoever transgresses my decree, that villain deserves corporal punishment and he, moreover, shall incur the five great sins. There are also <supplied reason="subaudible">these</supplied> verses pertinent to this:</p>
235<p rend="stanza" n="1">There has never been and will never be a gift surpassing the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">surpassing</supplied> the seizing of the same.</p>
·<p rend="stanza" n="2">He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.</p>
·<p rend="stanza" n="3">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.</p>
·<p n="30">The executor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ājñapti</foreign></supplied> is Niravadya, the village headman of Sakalalokāśraya Śrī Pr̥thivī <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">Jayasiṁha II</supplied>.<note>As already pointed out by Hultzsch, <foreign>gāmuṇḍī</foreign> must be connected to <foreign>gāmuṇḍa</foreign>, meaning ‘village headman’ and probably derived from Sanskrit <foreign>grāma-kūṭa</foreign> (see also <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966_01"/></bibl> s.v.). The executor’s name may have been Sakalalokāśraya (compare the executor possibly named Sarvajanāśraya in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00008.xml">Niḍupaṟu Grant of Jayasiṁha I</ref>), but this epithet is applied to Jayasiṁha II in line 8 and is more likely to refer to him here. It may have been Pr̥thivī or Pr̥thivīgāmuṇḍī, but the honorific preceding Pr̥thivī rather implies that it is a title of the king (short for Pr̥thivīvallabha?), and <foreign>gāmuṇḍī</foreign> is probably a common noun. Hultzsch speaks of the entire string <foreign>niravadya-sakala-lokāśraya-śrī-pr̥thivī-gāmuṇḍin</foreign> as a name, yet he does recognise that most of this string refers to the king and assumes that the headman was named after his sovereign; as another possibility, he proposes that the executor may have been Gobaḍḍi, named in line 14. I find this unlikely and believe that the name was Niravadya, but I have not investigated whether he can be identical, or related, to Niravadya Dhavala.</note></p>
·<p rend="stanza" n="4">The seizers of a Brahmanic gift will be born as black adders dwelling in dry holes in the waterless wilderness of the Vindhyas.</p>
240 </div>
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245<div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Estienne-Monod2008_01">
· <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· </div>
· <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
·<p n="1-12">Prospérité ! le petit-fils de l’illustre grand roi Viṣṇuvardhana, ornement de la lignée des Calukya, illustres, du même <foreign>gotra</foreign> que les descendants de Manu honorés par tous les êtres, fils de Hārīti, protégés par les mères des sept mondes, qui vénèrent les pieds du seigneur Mahāsena, maîtres des cercles ennemis, soumis en un instant à la vue du signe de l’excellent sanglier, faveur octroyée par le bienheureux Nārāyaṇa, dont les corps ont été purifiés par les bains purificatoires de l’<foreign>aśvamedha</foreign>,
250le fils de l’illustre grand roi Sarvalokāśraya,
·l’illustre grand roi, refuge de tous les hommes,<note>Le roi reprend le <foreign>biruda</foreign> <foreign>sarvalokāśraya</foreign> de son père.</note> Jayasiṁgha Vallabha, dont les deux pieds sont rougis par les fleurs que sont les rayons émis par les pierres précieuses serties sur l’orbe des diadèmes des nombreux rois inclinés devant la lame de son épée, plein de splendeur, qui a mis en lui les trois pouvoirs de façon limpide, très pieux, méditant aux pieds de sa mère et de son père, ordonne à tous ceci : qu’il soit connu de vous que, <supplied reason="subaudible">nous donnons</supplied> à l’illustre Eṟadroṇaśarman, habitant Vaṁgipaṟu, du gotra des Kauṇḍinya, de <supplied reason="subaudible">l’école des</supplied> Taittirīya, qui suit le <foreign>sūtra</foreign> d’Āpastaṁba, au petit-fils de Guṁjadevaśarman, fils de Devaśarman, qui pratique tous les sacrifices, <supplied reason="subaudible">à ce fils qui</supplied> connaît très bien les quatre Veda, versé dans tous les traités,</p>
·<p n="12-15"><note>anacoluthe.</note>- à tous les habitants résidant dans le <foreign>viṣaya</foreign> de Karmarāṣṭra <supplied reason="subaudible">le roi</supplied> ordonne ceci :- nous donnons lors <supplied reason="subaudible">du mois</supplied> Jyaiṣṭha, le jour de la pleine lune, à l’époque de Saṁkrānti, à l’occasion d’une donation de terre à la requête de Gobbaḍi, dans le village de Penukapaṟu dans le Karmarāṣṭra, un terrain au nord-est de ce village.</p>
·<p n="15-17">A l’est la limite de ce terrain est l’étang Niḍugaṭṭa.
·Au sud la limite est le bout du terrain de Pūsa-boḷa.
255A l’ouest la limite est le chemin <gap reason="illegible"/>.
·Au nord la limite est la limite de Maṣakha.</p>
·<p n="17-20">
·Le terrain Toṁdha est situé au <gap reason="illegible"/> du village, et un étang au nord-ouest de ce village.
·A l’est la limite de celui-ci est un puits.
260Au sud la limite est un étang.
·A l’ouest et au nord la limite est le bout du terrain Jeḍḍa-boḷa.
·Ce terrain a deux réservoirs.
·Le premier réservoir <supplied reason="subaudible">est</supplied> un étang.</p>
·<p n="20-21">
265A l’est de l’étang de Tāla, dans la moitié sud, <supplied reason="subaudible">se trouve</supplied> un champ de riz de quatre <supplied reason="subaudible">nivartana</supplied>, finissant à l’est.<note>On rencontre l’expression <foreign>prāg-apavarggaṁ</foreign> dans l’<title>Āpastamba-sūtra</title> (N. D. E.).</note>
·Au nord-est du village <supplied reason="subaudible">la limite est</supplied> un espace <supplied reason="subaudible">où se dresse</supplied> une colline.</p>
·<p n="21-26">J’ai donné<note>Cette formulation employant l’aoriste de <foreign>DĀ-</foreign>, est inusuelle. On rencontre habituellement le participe passé <foreign>dattam</foreign>.</note> le terrain, borné par ces quatre limites, pour l’accroissement du dharma et de la gloire, exempté de toute taxe, après avoir fait une libation d’eau, en qualité de <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign>.
·Celui qui impose une charge à ce terrain exempté de toute taxe, est lié au crime de mille brahmanes de Vāranasī. Celui qui transgresse notre édit est passible de la peine capitale et est lié au cinq grands crimes.
·Voici les vers :</p>
270<p rend="stanza" n="1">Il n’existe pas et n’existera pas de don égal à celui d’une terre,
·Il n’existe pas et n’existera pas de crime égal à celui de son vol.</p>
·<p rend="stanza" n="2">Qu’elle soit donnée par lui ou par un autre, celui qui prend une terre renaît ver de terre dans les excrément pendant soixante mille années.</p>
·<p rend="stanza" n="3">Beaucoup ont donné une terre, beaucoup l’on protégée,
·celui qui possède une terre en possède le fruit.</p>
275<p n="21-26">L’exécuteur est le chef de village<note>Le terme kannada <foreign>gāmuṇḍa</foreign> est un synonyme de <foreign>grāmakūṭa</foreign> ( D.C. Sircar, 1966, p. 109), <foreign>gāmuṇḍin</foreign> n’est pas attesté ailleurs, nous supposons qu’il est l’équivalent de <foreign>gāmuṇḍa</foreign>.</note> Niravadya Sakalalolāśraya Śrī Pr̥thivī.</p>
·<p rend="stanza" n="4">
·Habitants les grottes arides des rivages sauvages du Vindhya,
·ceux qui prennent un brahmadeya renaissent serpents noirs !<foreign>Il est rare de trouver un vers après la mention de l’exécuteur.</foreign>
·</p>
280
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·</div>
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·<div type="commentary">
·<p> I adopt the reading of the seal as shown by Hultzsch, without indication of unclarity, in the introduction to his edition. In the scan of the photo in EI18, I can only make out vestiges of vva..ddh.</p>
·<p>The executive part of the charter, lines 8 to 21, is chaotic. The segmentation given in my edition and translation seems the best to me, since it comes close to coherence. Nonetheless, the king addresses his audience twice (line 9 and line 13); the word <foreign>bhavad-viṣaye</foreign> is out of sequence (but is probably meant to be where my translation has “in your district”), and the portion about water sources, the paddy field and a gap in the hill (lines 19 to 21) is unclear. I feel quite certain that the donation consists of two separate fields, each listed with four boundaries. The paddy field was probably donated to the same recipient at an earlier time, though Hultzsch understands <foreign>prāg-apavarga</foreign> to mean “ending in the east.” The phrase “to the east of the Tāla pond” may describe the paddy field rather than the well. I believe the gap in the hill was explicitly stated to be part of the donated property, perhaps on account of its importance for logistics; but it is also possible that it is the location of the paddy field.
290</p></div>
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·<div type="bibliography">
295 <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/><citedRange unit="page">10</citedRange><citedRange unit="appendix">A/1923-1924</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">4</citedRange></bibl> with description at <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/><citedRange>98</citedRange></bibl>. Edited from estampages by E. Hultzsch (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1925-1926_05"/></bibl>) with a summary of contents, with estampages of the plates and photograph of the seal. The present edition by Dániel Balogh is based on a collation of Hultzsch's text with his facsimiles.</p>
· <listBibl type="primary">
· <bibl n="EH"><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1925-1926_05"/></bibl>
· </listBibl>
· <listBibl type="secondary">
300 <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/><citedRange unit="page">10</citedRange><citedRange unit="appendix">A/1923-1924</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">4</citedRange></bibl>
· <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/><citedRange>93</citedRange></bibl>
· </listBibl>
·</div>
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· </body>
· </text>
·</TEI>
Commentary
I adopt the reading of the seal as shown by Hultzsch, without indication of unclarity, in the introduction to his edition. In the scan of the photo in EI18, I can only make out vestiges of vva..ddh.
The executive part of the charter, lines 8 to 21, is chaotic. The segmentation given in my edition and translation seems the best to me, since it comes close to coherence. Nonetheless, the king addresses his audience twice (line 9 and line 13); the word bhavad-viṣaye is out of sequence (but is probably meant to be where my translation has “in your district”), and the portion about water sources, the paddy field and a gap in the hill (lines 19 to 21) is unclear. I feel quite certain that the donation consists of two separate fields, each listed with four boundaries. The paddy field was probably donated to the same recipient at an earlier time, though Hultzsch understands prāg-apavarga to mean “ending in the east.” The phrase “to the east of the Tāla pond” may describe the paddy field rather than the well. I believe the gap in the hill was explicitly stated to be part of the donated property, perhaps on account of its importance for logistics; but it is also possible that it is the location of the paddy field.