Āraṅg Plates of Jayarāja, Year 5

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00006.

Hand description:

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-17 11:29 (a38304d).

Edition

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Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

prasa{ṁ}nnah(ṛda)yasyaiva vikkramākrā¡(ṁ)tta!⟨nta⟩vidviṣa⟨ḥ⟩

śrīmato jayarājasya śāsa(naṁ) ripuśāsanaṁ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ svasti śarabhapurā{T}d vikkramopanatasāma¡ṁtta!⟨nta⟩cūḍāmaṇiprabhāprasekā{ṁ}⟨1v2⟩mbubhir dh¿o?⟨au⟩tapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma¡ṁtto!⟨nto⟩ddharaṇahetu⟨1v3⟩r vvasuvasudhāgoprada{ḥ}ḫ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpā⟨1v4⟩dānuddhyātaḥ {ś}śrīmahājayarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyapamvā⟨yā⟩ṁ prati⟨1v5⟩vāsikuṭu{ṁ}mbina{ḥ}s samājñāpayati<dashPlain>

viditam astu vo yathā⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩smābhir ayaṁ grāma{<dashPlain>}s tridaśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhākaro yāva⟨2r2⟩d raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorā¡ddha!⟨ndha⟩kāraṁ jaga⟨d a⟩vatiṣṭhate ⟨2r3⟩ tāvad upabhogyas sa¡na!⟨ni⟩dhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśyas sa⟨2r4⟩rvvakaravisarjjitaẖ vā¡ji!⟨ja⟩saneyakauṇḍinyasagotra{ḥ}brahmadeva⟨2r5⟩svāmine~ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhiv¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩⟨d⟩dhaye~ Udakapūrvva⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨2v1⟩ tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsanenāti¿sra?⟨sṛ⟩ṣṭaḥ

te yūyam evam upalabhyāsyāj¡ṇ!⟨ñ⟩āśravaṇa⟨2v2⟩v¿ī?⟨i⟩dheyā bhūtvā yathocitaṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya¡ṁtta!⟨nta⟩⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prativa⟨t⟩sya⟨2v3⟩tha~ bhaviṣyataś ca bhūmipān anudarśayati~

I. Vasantatilakā

dānād viśiṣṭam a⟨2v4⟩nupālanajaṁ purāṇā~

dharmmeṣu niścitadhiyaḫ pravada{ṁ}nti dharmmaṁ~

⟨2v5⟩ tasmā⟨d⟩ dvijāya suviśuddhakulaśrutāya~

dattā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuvaṁ bhavatu vo ma⟨ti⟩r e⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩va gopt¡a!⟨u⟩ṁ~

tad bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā~ vyāsagītāṁś cātra ⟨3r2⟩ ślokān udāhara¡ṁtti!⟨nti⟩~

II. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sū⟨3r3⟩ryyasut¿a?⟨ā⟩ś ca gāvaḥ

dattās trayas tena bhava¡ṁtti!⟨nti⟩ lokā{ḥ}

yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gā⟨ñ⟩ ⟨3r4⟩ ca mahī⟨ñ⟩ ca dadyā⟨T⟩~

III. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi svargge vasati bhūmidaḥ

⟨3r5⟩ Ācchettā cānuma¡⟨ṁ⟩ttā!⟨ntā⟩ ca tāny eva narake vase⟨T⟩~

IV. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattā⟨ṁ⟩ vā ya⟨Page 3v⟩⟨3v1⟩tnā⟨d ra⟩kṣa yudhiṣṭhira~

mahī¡t!⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ ¡cchr!⟨śr⟩eṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nupālana⟨ṁ⟩<dashPlain>

V. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3v2⟩ bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩<dashPlain>

yasya ⟨yasya⟩ yadā bhūmis ta⟨3v3⟩sya tasya tadā phala{ṁ}¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti

svamukhā[jña]yā U¡kt!⟨tk⟩īrṇṇaṁ Aca{<dashPlain>}⟨3v4⟩lasiṅghena pravarddhamānavijaya¡saṁvva!⟨saṁva⟩tsara 5 mārgaśira 20 5

Seal

prasa{ṁ}nnah(ṛda)yasyaiva vikkramākrā¡(ṁ)tta!⟨nta⟩vidviṣa⟨ḥ⟩ śrīmato jayarājasya śāsa(naṁ) ripuśāsanaṁ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1⟩ svasti śarabhapurā{T}d vikkramopanatasāma¡ṁtta!⟨nta⟩cūḍāmaṇiprabhāprasekā{ṁ}-

⟨1v2⟩ mbubhir dh¿o?⟨au⟩tapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma¡ṁtto!⟨nto⟩ddharaṇahetu-

⟨1v3⟩ r vvasuva◯sudhāgoprada{ḥ}ḫ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpā-

⟨1v4⟩ dānuddhyātaḥ {ś}śrīmahājayarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyapamvā⟨yā⟩ṁ prati-

⟨1v5⟩ vāsikuṭu{ṁ}mbina{ḥ}s samājñāpayati<dashPlain> viditam astu vo yathā-

⟨Page 2r⟩

⟨2r1⟩ smābhir ayaṁ grāma{<dashPlain>}s tridaśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhākaro yāva-

⟨2r2⟩ d raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorā¡ddha!⟨ndha⟩kāraṁ jaga⟨d a⟩vatiṣṭhate

⟨2r3⟩ tāvad upa◯bhogyas sa¡na!⟨ni⟩dhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśyas sa-

⟨2r4⟩ rvvakaravisarjjitaẖ vā¡ji!⟨ja⟩saneyakauṇḍinyasagotra{ḥ}brahmadeva-

⟨2r5⟩ svāmine~ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhiv¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩⟨d⟩dhaye~ Udakapūrvva⟨ṁ⟩

⟨Page 2v⟩

⟨2v1⟩ tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsanenāti¿sra?⟨sṛ⟩ṣṭaḥ te yūyam evam upalabhyāsyāj¡ṇ!⟨ñ⟩āśravaṇa-

⟨2v2⟩ v¿ī?⟨i⟩dheyā bhūtvā yathocitaṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya¡ṁtta!⟨nta⟩⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prativa⟨t⟩sya-

⟨2v3⟩ tha~ bhaviṣya◯taś ca bhūmipān anudarśayati~ dānād viśiṣṭam a-

⟨2v4⟩ nupālanajaṁ purāṇā~ dharmmeṣu niścitadhiyaḫ pravada{ṁ}nti dharmmaṁ~

⟨2v5⟩ tasmā⟨d⟩ dvijāya suviśuddhakulaśrutāya~ dattā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuvaṁ bhavatu vo ma⟨ti⟩r e-

⟨Page 3r⟩

⟨3r1⟩ va gopt¡a!⟨u⟩ṁ~ tad bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā~ vyāsagītāṁś cātra

⟨3r2⟩ ślokān udāhara¡ṁtti!⟨nti⟩~ Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sū-

⟨3r3⟩ ryyasut¿a?⟨ā⟩ś ca ◯gāvaḥ dattās trayas tena bhava¡ṁtti!⟨nti⟩ lokā{ḥ} yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gā⟨ñ⟩

⟨3r4⟩ ca mahī⟨ñ⟩ ca dadyā⟨T⟩~ ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi svargge vasati bhūmidaḥ

⟨3r5⟩ Ācchettā cānuma¡⟨ṁ⟩ttā!⟨ntā⟩ ca tāny eva narake vase⟨T⟩~ svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattā⟨ṁ⟩ vā ya-

⟨Page 3v⟩

⟨3v1⟩ tnā⟨d ra⟩kṣa yudhiṣṭhira~ mahī¡t!⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ ¡cchr!⟨śr⟩eṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nupālana⟨ṁ⟩<dashPlain>

⟨3v2⟩ bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩<dashPlain> yasya ⟨yasya⟩ yadā bhūmis ta-

⟨3v3⟩ sya tasya ◯tadā phala{ṁ}¡m!⟨M⟩ ¡i!⟨I⟩ti svamukhā[jña]yā U¡kt!⟨tk⟩īrṇṇaṁ Aca{<dashPlain>}-

⟨3v4⟩ lasiṅghena pravarddhamānavijaya¡saṁvva!⟨saṁva⟩tsara 5 mārgaśira 20 5

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh

prasa{ṁ}nnah(ṛda)yasyaiva vikkramākrā¡(ṁ)tta!⟨nta⟩vidviṣa⟨ḥ⟩

śrīmato jayarājasya śāsa(naṁ) ripuśāsanaṁ

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ svasti śarabhapurā{T}d vikkramopanatasāma¡ṁtta!⟨nta⟩cūḍāmaṇiprabhāprasekā{ṁ}⟨1v2⟩mbubhir dh¿o?⟨au⟩tapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma¡ṁtto!⟨nto⟩ddharaṇahetu⟨1v3⟩r vvasuva◯sudhāgoprada{ḥ}ḫ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpā⟨1v4⟩dānuddhyātaḥ {ś}śrīmahājayarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyapamvā⟨yā⟩ṁ prati⟨1v5⟩vāsikuṭu{ṁ}mbina{ḥ}s samājñāpayati<dashPlain>

viditam astu vo yathā⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩smābhir ayaṁ grāma{<dashPlain>}s tridaśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhākaro yāva⟨2r2⟩d raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorā¡ddha!⟨ndha⟩kāraṁ jaga⟨d a⟩vatiṣṭhate ⟨2r3⟩ tāvad upa◯bhogyas sa¡na!⟨ni⟩dhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśyas sa⟨2r4⟩rvvakaravisarjjitaẖ vā¡ji!⟨ja⟩saneyakauṇḍinyasagotra{ḥ}brahmadeva⟨2r5⟩svāmine~ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhiv¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩⟨d⟩dhaye~ Udakapūrvva⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨2v1⟩ tā¡mbra!⟨mra⟩śāsanenāti¿sra?⟨sṛ⟩ṣṭaḥ

te yūyam evam upalabhyāsyāj¡ṇ!⟨ñ⟩āśravaṇa⟨2v2⟩v¿ī?⟨i⟩dheyā bhūtvā yathocitaṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya¡ṁtta!⟨nta⟩⟨ḥ⟩ sukhaṁ prativa⟨t⟩sya⟨2v3⟩tha~ bhaviṣya◯taś ca bhūmipān anudarśayati~

I. Vasantatilakā

dānād viśiṣṭam a⟨2v4⟩nupālanajaṁ purāṇā~

dharmmeṣu niścitadhiyaḫ pravada{ṁ}nti dharmmaṁ~

⟨2v5⟩ tasmā⟨d⟩ dvijāya suviśuddhakulaśrutāya~

dattā⟨ṁ⟩ bhuvaṁ bhavatu vo ma⟨ti⟩r e⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩va gopt¡a!⟨u⟩ṁ~

tad bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā~ vyāsagītāṁś cātra ⟨3r2⟩ ślokān udāhara¡ṁtti!⟨nti⟩~

II. Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sū⟨3r3⟩ryyasut¿a?⟨ā⟩ś ca ◯gāvaḥ

dattās trayas tena bhava¡ṁtti!⟨nti⟩ lokā{ḥ}

yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gā⟨ñ⟩ ⟨3r4⟩ ca mahī⟨ñ⟩ ca dadyā⟨T⟩~

III. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi svargge vasati bhūmidaḥ

⟨3r5⟩ Ācchettā cānuma¡⟨ṁ⟩ttā!⟨ntā⟩ ca tāny eva narake vase⟨T⟩~

IV. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattā⟨ṁ⟩ vā ya⟨Page 3v⟩⟨3v1⟩tnā⟨d ra⟩kṣa yudhiṣṭhira~

mahī¡t!⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ ¡cchr!⟨śr⟩eṣṭha dānāc chreyo ’nupālana⟨ṁ⟩<dashPlain>

V. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3v2⟩ bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩<dashPlain>

yasya ⟨yasya⟩ yadā bhūmis ta⟨3v3⟩sya tasya ◯tadā phala{ṁ}¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti

svamukhā[jña]yā U¡kt!⟨tk⟩īrṇṇaṁ Aca{<dashPlain>}⟨3v4⟩lasiṅghena pravarddhamānavijaya¡saṁvva!⟨saṁva⟩tsara 5 mārgaśira 20 5

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

⟨2r2⟩ °ā¡ddha!⟨ndha⟩kāraṁ ⬦ °āndhakāraṁ JFF; °ā¡ddha!⟨ndha⟩kāraṁ AMS.

⟨2r3⟩ sa¡na!⟨ni⟩dhis ⬦ sanidhis JFF; sa¡na!⟨ni⟩dhis AMS.

⟨2r5⟩ puṇyābhiv¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩⟨d⟩dhaye ⬦ puṇy¡e!⟨ā⟩bhivṛ⟨d⟩dhaye JFF; puṇy¡e!⟨ā⟩bhiv¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩⟨d⟩dhaye AMS.

⟨2v1⟩ °āti¿sra?⟨sṛ⟩ṣṭaḥ ⬦ °āti¿sra?⟨sṛ⟩ṣṭaḥ JFF; °ātisṛṣṭaḥ AMS. — ⟨2v1⟩ °āj¡ṇ!⟨ñ⟩ā° ⬦ °ājñā° JFF; °āj¡ṇ!⟨ñ⟩ā° AMS.

⟨2v2⟩ v¿ī?⟨i⟩dheyā ⬦ v¿ī?⟨i⟩dheyā JFF; vidheyā AMS.

⟨2v4⟩ purāṇā ⬦ purāṇ¡e!⟨ā⟩ JFF; purāṇā AMS.

⟨3r1⟩ gopt¡a!⟨u⟩ṁ ⬦ gopt¡a!⟨u⟩ṁ JFF; goptu⟨m⟩ AMS.

⟨3v3⟩ phala{ṁ}¡m!⟨M⟩ ⬦ phala{ṁ}m JFF; phalam AMS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

The enemy-chastising charter belongs to the illustrious Jayarāja, who was the heart of Prasanna and whose enemies were overcome by his valour.

Plates

(1v1–1v5) Hail! From Śarabhapura, the illustrious great Jayarāja whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess; who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair; who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle; who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu; and favoured by his father and mother, issues [the following command] to the landholders settled in [the village of] Pamvā situated in the Pūrvarāṣṭra:

(1v5–2v1) Let it be known to you that by means of [this] copperplate charter [and] preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to Brahmadevasvāmin, belonging to the Kauṇḍinya gotra and to the Vājasaneya [school]. [The grant of the village], which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods (i.e., Indra’s heaven), is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, [the world] of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; [comes along with the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.

(2v1–2v3) Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from him (i.e., the donee) and render the [proper shares of] periodical offerings and produce, while living happily [in this village]. And [the king] instructs the future rulers:

2v3–3r1

The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection [of a grant] is more excellent than [that which arises] from the giving [itself]; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.

(3r1–3r2) This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

3r2–3r4

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.

3r4–3r5

A giver of land dwells in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r5–3v1

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

3v2–3v3

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

(3v3–3v4) By the order from the king’s own mouth, [the copperplate charter] has been engraved by Acalasiṅgha [on the day] 25 [of] the month of Mārgaśiras [in] the increasingly victorious year 5 [of Jayarāja’s reign].

Commentary

Bibliography

First edited by Fleet 1970 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995, pp. 20–23; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Fleet).

Primary

[JFF] No name. 1970. “Arang copper-plate inscription of the raja Maha-Jayaraja.” In: Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings and their successors. Third revised edition. Edited by John Faithfull Fleet. Corpus inscriptionum indicarum 3. Varanasi: Indological Book House, pp. 191–195.

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 20–23.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 15, 19, 233.

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<l n="ab">prasa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nnah<unclear>ṛda</unclear>yasyaiva vikkramākrā<choice><orig><unclear>ṁ</unclear>tta</orig><reg>nta</reg></choice>vidviṣa<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">śrīmato jayarājasya śāsa<unclear>naṁ</unclear> ripuśāsanaṁ</l>

</lg></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/>svasti śarabhapurā<surplus>T</surplus>d vikkramopanatasāma<choice><orig>ṁtta</orig><reg>nta</reg></choice>cūḍāmaṇiprabhāprasekā<surplus>ṁ</surplus><lb n="1v2" break="no"/>mbubhir dh<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>au</corr></choice>tapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma<choice><orig>ṁtto</orig><reg>nto</reg></choice>ddharaṇahetu<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>r vvasuva<space type="binding-hole"/>sudhāgoprada<surplus>ḥ</surplus>ḫ paramabhāgavato mātāpitṛpā<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>dānuddhyātaḥ <surplus>ś</surplus>śrīmahājayarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyapamvā<supplied reason="omitted">yā</supplied>ṁ prati<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>vāsikuṭu<surplus>ṁ</surplus>mbina<surplus>ḥ</surplus>s samājñāpayati<g type="dashPlain"/></p> <p>viditam astu vo yathā<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>smābhir ayaṁ grāma<surplus><g type="dashPlain"/></surplus>s tridaśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhākaro yāva<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>d raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorā<choice><orig>ddha</orig><reg>ndha</reg></choice>kāraṁ jaga<supplied reason="omitted">d a</supplied>vatiṣṭhate <lb n="2r3"/>tāvad upa<space type="binding-hole"/>bhogyas sa<choice><orig>na</orig><reg>ni</reg></choice>dhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśyas sa<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>rvvakaravisarjjitaẖ vā<choice><orig>ji</orig><reg>ja</reg></choice>saneyakauṇḍinyasagotra<surplus>ḥ</surplus>brahmadeva<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>svāmine<g type="dashDouble"/> mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhiv<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye<g type="dashDouble"/> Udakapūrvva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <pb n="2v"/><lb n="2v1"/>tā<choice><orig>mbra</orig><reg>mra</reg></choice>śāsanenāti<choice><sic>sra</sic><corr>sṛ</corr></choice>ṣṭaḥ</p> <p>te yūyam evam upalabhyāsyāj<choice><orig>ṇ</orig><reg>ñ</reg></choice>āśravaṇa<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>dheyā bhūtvā yathocitaṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya<choice><orig>ṁtta</orig><reg>nta</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sukhaṁ prativa<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>sya<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>tha<g type="dashDouble"/> bhaviṣya<space type="binding-hole"/>taś ca bhūmipān anudarśayati<g type="dashDouble"/></p>

<l n="a">dānād viśiṣṭam a<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>nupālanajaṁ purāṇā<g type="dashDouble"/></l>

<l n="b">dharmmeṣu niścitadhiyaḫ pravada<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nti dharmmaṁ<g type="dashDouble"/></l>

<l n="c"><lb n="2v5"/>tasmā<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied> dvijāya suviśuddhakulaśrutāya<g type="dashDouble"/></l>

<l n="d">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhuvaṁ bhavatu vo ma<supplied reason="omitted">ti</supplied>r e<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>va gopt<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>ṁ<g type="dashDouble"/></l></lg>

<p>tad bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā<g type="dashDouble"/> vyāsagītāṁś cātra<lb n="3r2"/>ślokān udāhara<choice><orig>ṁtti</orig><reg>nti</reg></choice><g type="dashDouble"/></p>

<l n="a">Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sū<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>ryyasut<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ś ca <space type="binding-hole"/>gāvaḥ</l>

<l n="c">dattās trayas tena bhava<choice><orig>ṁtti</orig><reg>nti</reg></choice> lokā<surplus>ḥ</surplus></l>

<l n="d">yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gā<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied> <lb n="3r4"/>ca mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied> ca dadyā<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied><g type="dashDouble"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi svargge vasati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd"><lb n="3r5"/>Ācchettā cānuma<choice><orig><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ttā</orig><reg>ntā</reg></choice> ca tāny eva narake vase<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied><g type="dashDouble"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> paradattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> vā ya<pb n="3v" break="no"/><lb n="3v1" break="no"/>tnā<supplied reason="omitted">d ra</supplied>kṣa yudhiṣṭhira<g type="dashDouble"/></l>

<l n="cd">mahī<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matāṁ <choice><orig>cchr</orig><reg>śr</reg></choice>eṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupālana<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><g type="dashPlain"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><lb n="3v2"/>bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><g type="dashPlain"/></l>

<l n="cd">yasya <supplied reason="omitted">yasya</supplied> yadā bhūmis ta<lb n="3v3" break="no"/>sya tasya <space type="binding-hole"/>tadā phala<surplus>ṁ</surplus><choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

<p>svamukhā<supplied reason="lost">jña</supplied>yā U<choice><orig>kt</orig><reg>tk</reg></choice>īrṇṇaṁ Aca<surplus><g type="dashPlain"/></surplus><lb n="3v4" break="no"/>lasiṅghena pravarddhamānavijaya<choice><orig>saṁvva</orig><reg>saṁva</reg></choice>tsara <num value="5">5</num> mārgaśira <num value="25">20 5</num></p>

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<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<lem>°ā<choice><orig>ddha</orig><reg>ndha</reg></choice>kāraṁ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">°āndhakāraṁ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°ā<choice><orig>ddha</orig><reg>ndha</reg></choice>kāraṁ</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">sanidhis</rdg>

</app>

<lem>puṇyābhiv<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">puṇy<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>bhivṛ<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">puṇy<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>bhiv<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°ātisṛṣṭaḥ</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem>v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>dheyā</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>dheyā</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">vidheyā</rdg>

</app>

<lem>purāṇā</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">purāṇ<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice></rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">purāṇā</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">goptu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied></rdg>

</app>

<lem>phala<surplus>ṁ</surplus><choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">phala<surplus>ṁ</surplus>m</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">phalam</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>The enemy-chastising charter belongs to the illustrious Jayarāja, who was the heart of Prasanna and whose enemies were overcome by his valour.</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-1v5">Hail! From Śarabhapura, the illustrious great Jayarāja whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess; who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair; who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle; who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu; and favoured by his father and mother, issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to the landholders settled in <supplied reason="subaudible">the village of</supplied> Pamvā situated in the Pūrva<foreign>rāṣṭra</foreign>:</p>

<p n="1v5-2v1">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to Brahmadevasvāmin, belonging to the Kauṇḍinya <foreign>gotra</foreign> and to the Vājasaneya <supplied reason="subaudible">school</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Indra’s heaven</supplied>, is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">the world</supplied> of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; <supplied reason="subaudible">comes along with the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.</p>

<p n="2v1-2v3">Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from him <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., the donee</supplied> and render the <supplied reason="subaudible">proper shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> instructs the future rulers:</p>

<p n="2v3-3r1" rend="stanza">The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection <supplied reason="subaudible">of a grant</supplied> is more excellent than <supplied reason="subaudible">that which arises</supplied> from the giving <supplied reason="subaudible">itself</supplied>; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.</p>

<p n="3r1-3r2">This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="3r2-3r4" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.</p>

<p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">A giver of land dwells in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r5-3v1" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>

<p n="3v2-3v3" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3v3-3v4">By the order from the king’s own mouth, <supplied reason="subaudible">the copperplate charter</supplied> has been engraved by Acalasiṅgha <supplied reason="subaudible">on the day</supplied> 25 <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the month of Mārgaśiras <supplied reason="subaudible">in</supplied> the increasingly victorious year 5 <supplied reason="subaudible">of Jayarāja's reign</supplied>.</p></div></div>

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<p>First edited by Fleet <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Fleet1970_04"/></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>20-23</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Fleet).</p>

</bibl>

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