Cuttack plates of Mahābhavagupta Bhīmaratha year 3

Editor: Amandine Wattelier-Bricout.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSomavamsin00019.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Somavaṁśin (tfb-somavamsin-epigraphy).

Version: (0598937), last modified (1bb0826).

Edition

⟨1⟩ @

I. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

svasti prema-niruddha-mugdha-manasoḥ sphārībhavac-⟨ca⟩kṣuṣor

a

yūnor yatra ⟨2⟩ vicitra-nirbhara-rata-krīḍā-krama⟨ṁ⟩ tanvatoḥ|

b

vicchin⟨n⟩o ’pi kr̥tātimātra-pu⟨3⟩lakair āvirbhavat-sītkr̥tair

c

āśleṣair glapita-klamaiḥ smara-rasaḥ kāmaṁ mu⟨4⟩hu⟨ḥ⟩ svādyata|

d
II. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

yatrāśeṣa-viśeṣa-rūpa-mahimāpāstāpsaraḥ kāntibhir

a

⟨5⟩terṣyā-kalaheṣv api praṇayinaḥ karṇṇotpalais tāḍitāḥ|

b

jāyante praviśa⟨6⟩ṅkita-smara-śara-protthāpit{t}āntar-vyathā⟨ḥ⟩

c

sāndr¿i?⟨a⟩-sveda-jalāva¡ś!⟨s⟩ecana-vaśān nirvva⟨7⟩ta-romāṅkurāḥ||

d
III. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

Atyu⟨t⟩tuṅga-karīndra-danta-musala-prodbhāsi-ro⟨ci⟩ś cayair

a

{d}dh⟨v⟩ānta-dhvaṁ⟨8⟩sana-niṣphalīkr̥ta-śaraccandrodayaiḥ sarvvadā||

b

yatrāsīd asatī-janasya ⟨9⟩ viśadaṁ muktāmayaṁ maṇḍanaṁ

c

saṅketāspadam apy atīva dhavalaṁ prā⟨10⟩sāda-śr̥ṅgāgrataḥ|

d
IV. Upajāti

mahānadī-tuṅga-taraṅga-bhaṅga

a

-sphārocchalac-chī⟨11⟩karavadbhir āraT

b

yasmin ratāsaktimad-aṅganānā⟨ṁ⟩

c

śr¿ā?⟨a⟩⟨pa⟩nodaḥ ¿kr̥?⟨kri⟩ya⟨12⟩te marudbhiḥ|

d

tasmāt śrī-yayāti-nagarāt|

V. Vasantatilakā

loka-traya-prathita-śubhra-ya⟨13⟩śo-vitāna

a

-vyāptāṣṭa-dik-prasabha-nirjita-vairi-vargaḥ|

b

rājā vabhūva bhuvi ⟨14⟩ bhāvita-bhavya-mūrttiḥ

c

śrīmān saroja-vadano janamejayākhyaḥ||

d
VI. Vasantatilakā

ni⟨15⟩rdāritāri-kari-kumbha-samūha-mukta

a

-muktāphala-prakara-datta-rathāṅga-dhā⟨16⟩raḥ

b

tasmād ajāyata jagat-⟨t⟩raya-gīta-kīrttir

c

helā-vinirjita-ripur nr̥pa⟨17⟩tir yayātiḥ||

d
VII. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

yat-khaḍgāgra-vipāṭita-dvipa-ghaṭā-kumbhasthalād ullasa⟨18⟩n

a

muktā-jāla-vibhūṣitaṁ prati-raṇa⟨ṁ⟩ pr̥thvī-vadhūra⟨ḥ⟩sthalaṁ

b

śaśvad-dvāra-nama⟨Page 2r⟩⟨19⟩n-narādhipa-śiroratnāṅśu-jālāmalā

c

yat-pādām¡v!⟨b⟩uja-reṇavaḥ samatayā tad-ra⟨20⟩śmi-lakṣmīṁ dadhuḥ||

d
VIII. sragdhāra

mādyal-lolāli-mālākula-karaṭa-puṭā¿svā?⟨sya⟩ndi-dāna-pravāhā⟨21⟩n

a

sindūrārakta-kumbhān sita-pr̥thula-radān kāmadevādisaṁjñāN|

b

ji⟨22⟩tvājāvālam ājau patita-sura-vadhū-vismaya-smera-vaktraḥ

c

khaḍgī triṁśa-ke⟨23⟩rīndrān śara-nikara-hatārohakān agrahīd yaḥ||

d
IX. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

putras tasya ¡v!⟨b⟩abhūva dha⟨24⟩rmma-nirataḥ śrī-bhīma-pūrvvo rathaḥ khyātaḥ

a

kṣmāpa-niṣevyamā¿n?⟨ṇ⟩a-cara(ṇa)⟨25⟩ś cuḍāmaṇir bhūbhujāṁ|

b

yo ’sau śauca-mahādhano ’pi samare lakṣmī¿ḥ?⟨ṁ⟩ pare⟨26⟩ṣāṁ valāj

c

jagrāha kṣata-vairi-varga-vibhavaḥ saundarya-śobhāspadaṁ||

d

⟨27⟩ parama-māheśvara-parama-bhaṭṭāraka-mahārājadhirāja-parame⟨28⟩śvara-soma-kula-tilaka-trikaliṅgādhipati-śrī-mahāśivagu⟨29⟩pta-rāja-deva-pādānudhyāta-parama-māheśvara-parama-bhaṭṭāra⟨30⟩ka-mahārājadhirāja-parameśvara-soma-kula-tilaka-trikaliṅgā⟨31⟩dhipati-śrī-mahābhavagupta-rājadevaḥ kuśal¿ā?⟨ī⟩| kosala-sākhaṅga⟨32⟩dyanhā-viṣayāya| gauḍasimiṇilli-grāme{||} tad-viṣayīya-¡v!⟨b⟩rāhmaṇān ā(saṁ)⟨33⟩pūjya samāhartr̥-sanniyuktādhikārika-dāṇḍapā¿s?⟨ś⟩ika-pi¿s?⟨ś⟩una-vetrikā⟨34⟩varodhajana-rājñī-rāṇaka-rājaputra-rājavallabhādīn sarvvān ⟨35⟩ samājñāpayati| viditam astu bhavatām yathāsmābhir ayaṅ grāma⟨36⟩ḥ sa-nidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sarvva-vādhā-vivarjitaḥ sarvvoparikarādā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨37⟩na-sah¿ī?⟨i⟩taḥ{|} {catuḥ} sāmra-madhukaḥ sa-garttoṣaraḥ sa-jala-sthalaḥ{|} ⟨38⟩ śrāvastī-maṇḍa¿n?⟨l⟩e kāsīllī-bhaṭṭagrāma-vinirggatāya kosale de⟨39⟩vībhoga-v¿ī?⟨i⟩ṣayīya-singoĀ-grāma-vāstavyāya kauśika-gotrā⟨40⟩ya{|} viśvāmitra-devarāta-Audal{y}a-pravarāya kauthuma-caraṇāya cchando⟨41⟩ga-śākhādhy¿a?⟨ā⟩yine bhaṭṭa-parameśvara-pautrāya bhaṭṭa-vasiṣṭha-sutāya{|} ⟨42⟩ rāṇaka-śrī-rāccho-nāmne sūrya-grahaṇe salila-dhārā-puraḥsaram āca⟨43⟩ndra-tārakārka-kṣiti-¿ṣ?⟨s⟩amakālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca⟨44⟩puṇya-yaśo ’bhivr̥ddhaye tāmra-śāsa⟨ne⟩nākarīkr̥tya pratipād¿ī?⟨i⟩ta Itye⟨va⟩ga⟨45⟩tya samucita-kara-nikara-bhoga-bhāgād¿ī?⟨i⟩kam upanayadhiḥ su⟨46⟩khena prativastavyam i¿k?⟨t⟩i⟨.⟩ bhāvibhiś ca bhūpatibhiḥ dattir iyam a⟨47⟩smadīyā dharmma-gauravād asmad anurodhāc ca sva-datt¿ī?⟨i⟩r ¿ī?⟨i⟩vānupālanī⟨48⟩y¿a?⟨ā⟩|| tathā coktaṁ dharmmaśastre||

X. Anuṣṭubh

¡v!⟨b⟩ahubhir vasudhā dattā

a

rājabhiḥ saga⟨49⟩rādibhiḥ

b

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis

c

tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ||

d
XI. Anuṣṭubh

mā bhūd a⟨50⟩phala-śaṅk{h}ā vaḥ

a

para-dattet¿e?⟨i⟩ pārthivāḥ

b

sva-d¿att?⟨ān⟩āt phalam ānantya⟨ṁ⟩

c

para-da⟨51⟩ttānupālane||

d
XII. Indravajrā

ṣaṣṭh¿a?⟨i⟩ṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi

a

svarge modati bhūmidaḥ||

b

Ā⟨52⟩kṣeptā cānumantā ca

c

dvau tau naraka-gāminau||

d
XIII. Anuṣṭubh

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ ⟨53⟩ suvarṇṇaṁ

a

bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāvaḥ|

b

yaḥ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩¿na?⟨ñ⟩ ca mahīñ ca⟨54⟩ dadyād

c

dattās trayas tena bhavanti lok¿e?⟨āḥ⟩||

d
XIV. Anuṣṭubh

Āsphoṭayanti pitaro

a

va⟨Page 3r⟩⟨55⟩lgayanti pitāmahāḥ

b

bhūmi-dātā kule jātaḥ

c

sa nas tr¿a?⟨ā⟩t¿a?⟨ā⟩ (bha)vi(ṣya)⟨56⟩ti||

d
XV. Anuṣṭubh

(bhūmiṁ) yaḥ pratigr̥hṇāti

a

yaś ca bhūmi(ṁ) prayaccha(ti)

b

(Ubhau tau puṇya-karmmāṇau)

c

⟨57⟩ niyata(ṁ) svarga-gāmin(au)||

d
XVI. Anuṣṭubh

taḍāgān(āṁ) sahasreṇa

a

(ja-peya)-śa(tena ca)

b

⟨58⟩ gavāṁ koṭi-pradānena

c

bhūmi-harttā na śudhyate|

d
XVII. Anuṣṭubh

hara(te hā)rayed yas tu

a

⟨59⟩manda-¡v!⟨b⟩uddhis tamo-vr̥taḥ

b

¿ṣ?⟨s⟩a ¡v!⟨b⟩addho vāruṇaiḥ

c

pāśais ti(r)yag-yoni(ṁ) ¿sa?⟨ca⟩ ga⟨60⟩cchati|

d
XVIII. Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā

a

yo ha¿red?⟨reta⟩ vasundharāṁ

b

sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥⟨61⟩mir bhūtvā

c

pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate|

d
XIX. Śālinī

Ādityo varuṇo viṣṇur

a

¡v!⟨b⟩rahmā somo ⟨61⟩ hutā(śa)naḥ

b

śūlapāṇiś ca bhagavān

c

abhinandanti bhūmidaṁ|

d
XX. Śālinī

s¿a?⟨ā⟩mānyo ’yaṁ dharmma-setu⟨63⟩r nr̥pāṇā⟨ṁ⟩

a

kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ|

b

¿ś?⟨s⟩arvvān etān bhāvinaḥ pārthivendrāN

c

⟨64⟩ bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadraḥ|

d
XXI. Puṣpitāgrā

Iti kamala-dalām⟨b⟩u-¡v!⟨b⟩indu-lolāṁ

a

śr¿ī?⟨i⟩ya⟨65⟩m anucintya manuṣya-jīvita⟨ñ⟩ ca

b

sa-kalam idam udāhr̥taṁ ca vu¿dvā?⟨ddhvā⟩

c

na hi pu⟨66⟩ruṣaiḥ para-kīrttayo vilopyāḥ|

d
XXII. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

yenātyanta-surāsurādhipa-guru⟨ḥ⟩ prajñābhimānai⟨67⟩⟨r⟩ jito

a

rājñāropita-rājya-bhāram atula⟨ṁ⟩ yaś cāvahal līlayā|

b

yasyāsīn ⟨n⟩aya-vikra⟨68⟩ma-dvayam api preyān sakhā sarvvadā

c

sa śreyān dhr̥ta-san⟨dh⟩i-vigraha-padaḥ śrī-si⟨69⟩ṅgadattaḥ kr̥tī|

d
XXIII. Anuṣṭubh

Nāmnā maṇgaladattena

a

kāyasthena sa [3×]

b

alekhi śāsanam[1×]⟨70⟩saṃ

c

yāvac candrārka-tārakāḥ||

d

parama-māheśvara-parama-bhaṭ⟨ṭ⟩āraka-mahārājādhirāja⟨71⟩-parameśvara-soma-kula-tilaka-trikaliṅgādhitpati-śrī-bhīmarathadevasya pra⟨72⟩varddhamāna-vijaya-rājye tr̥ti-samvatsare mārgaśīrṣamāsīya-śukla-pakṣ¿a?⟨e⟩ tithau tr̥t⟨ī⟩⟨73⟩yāyāṁ yatrāṅkenāpi samvat 3 mārga śudi 3|| vijñāni-madhuma(lle)na utkaritaṁ

Apparatus

Translation by Amandine Wattelier-Bricout

Draft of English translation

(48–70) Thus it is said in the Dharmaśāstra:

X
Land has been given by several kings beginning with Sagara. Whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.1
XI
Have no doubt about the fruit of what is given by another, o sons of Pr̥thu, the fruit is eternal both for him who gives in person and for him who protects what is given by another.2
XII
The giver of land enjoys sixty thousand years in heaven; the one who challenges [a donation] as well as the one who approves [this act] will reside as many [years] in hell.3
XIII
Gold is Agni’s first born son, Earth Viṣṇu’s wife and cows Sun’s daughters; the one who gives gold, cows and land, the worlds belongs to him by these three kinds of gifts.4
XIV
The Fathers are applauding and the Grand-Fathers are hopping up and down [when they can say] “A giver of land is born within our lineage, sure, he will deliver us!”5
XV
The one who receives a land and the one who offers a land, both of them are men with meritorious deeds who are surely going to heaven.6
XVI
The excellent gift of a cow, the one of hundreds of sacrificial foods and beverages or of thousand tanks can not purify the one who has stolen a land.7
XVII
The foolish man who seizes ou makes [a land] seized, will be covered by obscurity and bound by Varuṇa’s noose and be born again in an animal womb.8
XVIII
The one who would steal land given by himself or another becomes a worm in excrement and is cooked with his ancestors.9
XIX
Āditya, Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Soma, Hutāśana, Śūlapāṇi and the Lord rejoice the land-giver.10
XX
Rāmabhadra begs repeatedly to all these future kings: this bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it.11
XXI
Having considered that fortune and human life were as transient as a drop of water on a lotus petal, and having thought that the entire world is an illustration, let the glorious acts mabe by others not be destroyed by men.12

Ébauche de traduction en français

(48–70) Ainsi est-il dit dans le Dharmaśāstra:

X
Des terres ont été données par des centaines de rois à commencer par Sagara. C’est à celui qu’appartient ces terres à un moment donné, que revient le bénéfice.13
XI
N’ayez aucun doute sur le bénéfice retiré de ce qui est donné par un autre, ô fils de Pr̥thu, le bénéfice est éternel aussi bien pour celui qui donne que pour celui qui protège ce qui est donné par un autre.14
XII
Celui qui donne des terres se réjouit durant soixante mille ans aux cieux, mais celui qui consteste [un don] ou celui qui approuve [cette contestation] séjournera aussi longtemps en enfer.15
XIII
L’Or est le premier fils né d’Agni, la Terre est l’épouse Viṣṇu et les vaches sont les filles du Soleil; celui qui donne de l’or, des vaches et des terres, par ces trois sortes de dons les mondes lui appartiennent.16
XIV
Les pères applaudissent, les ancêtres trépignent de joie [quand ils peuvent dire :] “Un donateur de terres est né dans notre lignée, assurément, celui-ci sera notre sauveur!”17
XV
Celui qui reçoit un don de terre et celui qui l’offre, tous deux sont des hommes aux actes méritoires qui sans aucun doute iront au ciel.18
XVI
Celui qui a volé une terre, l’excellent don d’une vache, une centaine de mets et breuvages sacrificiels, un millier de réservoirs ne peuvent le purifier.19
XVII
L’insensé qui se saisirait ou ferait saisir [une terre], couvert d’obscurité et lié par les lacets de Varuṇa renaîtra dans une matrice animal.20
XVIII
Celui qui vole une terre donnée par lui-même ou par un autre, devient un ver dans des excréments et cuit avec ses ancêtres.21
XIX
Il est loué par Āditya, Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Soma, Hutāśana, Śūlapāṇi et le Bienheureux celui qui donne des terres.22
XX
À de nombreuses reprises, Rāmacandra a exhorté les rois futurs [en ces termes] : ce pont du Dharma commun à tous les rois, vous devez toujours le protéger.23
XXI
Ayant considéré que fortune et vie humaine sont aussi éphémères qu’une goutte d’eau sur un pétale de lotus et que le monde entier n’est qu’une représentation, ne laissons pas des hommes détruire les actes glorieux accomplis par d’autres.24

Commentary

Object: grant of a village to a Brahmin by the reigning king.

Bibliography

First edited by Fleet 1894–1895, № F, pp. 355–359 from the original plates, which he obtained for examination from Mr. Beames in 1883 or 1884.

Primary

[F] Fleet, John Faithfull. 1894–1895. “Records of the Somavamsi Kings of Katak.” EI 3, pp. 323–359. Item F, pages 355–359.

[R] Rajaguru, Satyanarayan. 1966. Inscriptions of Orissa, vol. 4. No place: Sri Sarada Press. [URL]. Item 32, pages 205–211.

[S] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Item XVIII, pages 257–262.

Secondary

Hira Lal, Rai Bahadur. 1911–1912. “The Sirpur stone inscription of the time of Mahasivagupta.” EI 11, pp. 184–201. Page 200.

Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna. 1927–1936. A list of the inscriptions of northern India in Brahmi and its derivative scripts, from about 200 A. C.: Appendix to Epigraphia Indica and record of the Archaeological Survey of India, volumes XIX to XXIII. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India. [URL]. Item 1570.

Tripathy, Snigdha. 2010. Descriptive topographical catalogue of Orissan inscriptions. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. Pages 145–146.

Acharya, Subrata Kumar. 2014. Copper-plate inscriptions of Odisha: a descriptive catalogue (circa fourth century to sixteenth century CE). New Delhi: D. K. Printworld. Item 29, pages 262–263.

Notes

  1. 1. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 23 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  2. 2. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 85 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  3. 3. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 123 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  4. 4. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 5 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  5. 5. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 20 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  6. 6. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 29 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  7. 7. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 137 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  8. 8. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 64 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  9. 9. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 132 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  10. 10. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 4 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  11. 11. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 117 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  12. 12. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 71 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  13. 13. Ce vers correspond au vers 23 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  14. 14. Ce vers correspond au vers 85 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  15. 15. Ce vers correspond au vers 123 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  16. 16. Ce vers correspond au vers 5 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  17. 17. Ce vers correspond au vers 20 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  18. 18. Ce vers correspond au vers 29 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  19. 19. Ce vers correspond au vers 137 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  20. 20. Ce vers correspond au vers 64 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  21. 21. Ce vers correspond au vers 132 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  22. 22. Ce vers correspond au vers 4 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  23. 23. Ce vers correspond au vers 117 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).
  24. 24. Ce vers correspond au vers 71 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965, appendix II, pp. 170–200).