Texts

Texts database last updated .

This interface allows you to look for texts in the DHARMA collection. The search form below can be used for filtering results. Matching is case-insensitive, does not take diacritics into account, and looks for substrings instead of terms. For instance, the query edit matches "edition" or "meditation". To look for a phrase, surround it with double quotes, as in "old javanese". Searching for strings that contain less than three characters is not possible.

Per default, all metadata fields are searched (except "lang", see below). Metadata fields are (for now): "title", "editor", "editor_id", "author", "summary", "lang", "repo", "ident". You can restrict search to a specific field by using a field prefix, as in editor:manu or title:"critical edition". Several clauses can be added successively, separated with whitespace. In this case, for a document to be considered a match, all query clauses must match. Try for instance editor:manu title:stone.

Note the use of quotation marks: the query editor:"emmanuel francis" matches all documents edited by Emmanuel Francis, but the query editor:emmanuel francis matches all documents edited by someone called Emmanuel and that also include the name Francis in any metadata field.

The "lang" field is special. If you look for a string that contains two or three letters only, as in lang:en or lang:san, it is assumed to refer to an ISO 639 language code, and an exact comparison is performed. If you look for a string longer than that, it is assumed to refer to a language name and the above-mentioned substring matching technique will be used instead. You can consult a table of languages here.

Documents 1001–1050 of 1000000000000000002264 matching.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a damaged record of Vijaya-Nṛipatuṅgavikrama[varman] dated in the 25th year recording an agreement made by the assembly of Avaninārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam to supply one uḻakku of oil daily to a maṭha. The Śaṭṭapperumakkaḷ mentioned here was probaly a governing body of the maṭha.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0079.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription which is engraved in the Pallava-Grantha characters of the 7th century A.D., consists of a musical treatise composed by a royal disciple of Rudrāchārya. Though the name of the king is not mentioned, the characters of the record as well as the title ‘Saṅkīrṇajāti’ assumed by the Pallava king Mahēndravarman whose inscriptions are also found in the region round Trichinopoly, have led to the attribution of this record to the same Pallava monarch, who, we know, achieved distinction in the realm of architecture, literature and drama. A little to the north of this inscription, over the Valampuri-Gaṇēśa image is engraved the word ‘parivādini-ē,’ meaning a lute with seven strings ‘only’, which indicates that the musical instrument intended for the notations used in this record was the Vīṇā.

Language: Undetermined.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0007.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a damaged record of Nṛipatuṅgavikramavarman dated is his 2* year and it registers a gift of 6 of land for providing offerings to the god Mahādēva at Piḷḷaippākkam by a certain Ayyakkuṭṭiyār for the merit of his elder brother Piḷḷaippākkiḻār of Piḷḷaippā[kka*]m.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0080.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This fragmentary inscription of the same king is engraved in continuation of the above record and it registers a gift of 7 of land to the temple by a certain [Pā]dirikiḻār Śiṅgaṉ. The regnal year of the king is lost.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0081.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The date of this fragmentary inscription of Nṛipatuṅgavarman is partly lost. It mentions the assembly of Kāvidippā[kkam] alias Amaninārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam and Viḍēlviḍugu . . . in Māṅgāḍu-nāḍu, a subdivision of Paḍuvūr-kōṭṭam.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0082.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is an incomplete record of Nṛipatuṅgavarman, the date of which is, however, lost. It records a gift of 800 kuḻi of land as archchanābhōga to provide for worship to the god Agattiśrīttēvar (Agastīśvara) by a certain Śaṅkaṉ.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0083.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a fragmentary inscription of Aparā[jitavarman] dated in his 3rd year. It seems to register a remission of taxes by the assembly of Nallil[maṅgalam], which is also mentioned in a record of [Rāja]kēsarivarman from the same village (No. 61 of 1923). Nallilmaṅgalam is probably identical with the modern Puduppākkam itself.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0084.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a mutilted incription, also dated in the 3rd year of Vijaya-Aparājitavarman. It registers a gift of gold for a lamp and offerings to the god Tiruveḷḷikīḻ-Mahādēva at Māṅgāḍu by the mother of•• kka-Mahādēviyār, who was related to . . . piḍugu Taḷittēvanār of Kachchippēḍu. The puḷḷi is invariably marked in this record.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0085.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription, dated in the 4th year of Aparājitavarman, registers a gift of the village Tuṟaiyūr including its income in gold and puravu for conducting worship in the temple of Mahādēva at Tirumataṅgaṉpaḷḷi1 in Tekkūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Paiyyūr-Iḷaṅkōṭṭam, by Kumārandai Kuṟumbarādittan2 alias Kāḍupaṭṭippēraraiyaṉ who is stated to have belonged to Śēra-nāḍu. The term puravu3 may be explained as a tax on land, which was collected either in kind or coin (cf. puravu-poṉ: S.I.I. Vol. II, p. 512). A special department called puravuvari-tiṇaikkaḷam seems to have managed its collection. Tuṟaiyūr which is said to have been situated in Tekkūr-nāḍu may be identified with the village of the same name in the Madurantakam taluk of the Chingleput district.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0086.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This record of Vijaya-Aparājitavarman, dated in his 4th year, registers an agreement made by the sabhā and the amṛita-gaṇa of Ādambākkam, a suburb of Tiruvoṟṟiyūr to burn a perpetual lamp in the temple of Mahādēva at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr in lieu of the interest on 30 kaḻañju of gold received by them from Amatti alias Kuṟumbakōḷali, the mistress of Vayiramēgaṉ alias Vāṇakōvarayar, who is referred to as the son of a certain Perunaṅgai. The influence of Vāṇakōvarayar who was probably a local chieftain, seems to have extended as far as Maṇampūṇḍi in the South Arcot district (A.R. No. 233 of 1934-35). The interest on 30 kaḻañju was calculated at 3 mañjāḍi per kaḻañju (i.e. at 15 per cent). The puḷḷis are invariably marked in the record.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0087.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is also dated in the 4th year of Vijaya-Aparājitavarman and it registers a similar agreement made by the sabhā and the amṛita-gaṇa of Ādambākkam to maintain a perpetual lamp in the same temple for the interest on 30 kaḻañju of gold received by them from Śappakkaṉ alias Pātradāni, the mistress of Vayiramēgaṉ alias Vāṇakōvaraiyar, son of Sāmi-Akkaṉ. As Vāṇakōvaraiyar is called the son of Perunaṅgai in the previous inscription, it is possible that the latter and Śāmi-Akkaṉ were identical. From the way in which this lady is introduced in the record, it is surmised that she should have been a mistress of the king (Ep. Rep. for 1913, p. 90.) The term amṛita-gaṇa is mentioned only in the inscriptions of Aparājita at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr. It represents a committee which was probably connected with the āḷumgaṇattār who were the direct managing members of a village, and distinct from the general members of the village assembly.1 [It was perhaps mainly connected with the management of the offerings and lamps of the god-Ed]. The puḷḷis are marked in this record also (See Plate VI).

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0088.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 5th year of Aparājitavarman. It registers a gift of 100 sheep for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Mādēva (i. e., Mahādēva) at Tirumataṅgaṉpaḷḷi by Pōṟṟinaṅgai, wife of Kumārandai Kuṟumbarādittan alias Kāḍupaṭṭippēraraiyaṉ mentioned in No. 86 above. The liquid measure Viḍēlviḍugu mentioned in the inscription was probably named after the surname either of Nandivarman III or Nṛipatuṅgavarman.1

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0089.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: Of the two monolithic caves, one at the foot and the other half-way up, of ‘the rock’ at Trichinopoly, the latter alone contains inscriptions, two of which, published in South Indian Inscriptions, Vol. I, pages 29 and 30, state that the cave (upper) was constructed by Guṇabhara (i.e.) Mahēndravarman I. A verse inscription (No. 9 below) engraved on the beam over the inner row of pillars here, calls the cave ‘Laḷitāṅkura-Pallavēśvara-gṛiham’ after the title ‘Laḷitāṅkura’ of this king, which also occurs in his record at Pallāvaram. His birudas are engraved in bold Pallava-Grantha and Tamil characters on all the pillars in the upper cave at Trichinopoly. The outer wall of the sanctuary in this cave seems to have contained an inscription, but only a few letters of its first line are now visible, the rest being completely damaged. The name ‘Mahēndravikrama’ is found mentioned in the inscription on the extreme left outer pillar and most of the birudas occurring here are also found in the records of this king at Pallāvaram and other rock-cut excavations of his time. Some of these titles are unintelligible and appear to be Telugu in origin. The bottom of each of the four pillars contains a biruda in the Pallava-Tamil characters, of which only two are now clear, viz. Piṇapiṇakku and Chitti[rakāra]ppuli. It is of interest to note that the birudas are alphabetically arranged and so engraved on the front face of the pillars. The same arrangement, though followed in the Pallāvaram inscription, is not so conspicuous there as in the present record (plates I and II). The characters employed in the present inscriptions are of an ornate nature and provide an interesting contrast with the simpler variety of letters found in the Pallāvaram record of the same king, where almost all these birudas are repeated. A description of the cave is found in the Memoir of the Archaeological Survey of India, No. 17, pages 13-15.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Undetermined.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0008.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: On this slab of stone, three records are engraved one in continuation of another in the same hand. The name of the king in the first record is damaged, the second is dated in the 7th year of Kampavarman1 while the third belongs to the 6th year of Aparājita. They appear, therefore, to have been engraved on the slab in the same time; but what necessitated the procedure is not clear. The last record registers an agreement made in the 6th year of Vijaya-Aparājitavikrama-Pōttaraiyar, by the assembly of Maṇali, hamlet of Tiruvoṟṟiyūr, to burn two perpetual lamps before the god Mahādēva at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr, in lieu of the interest on 60 kaḻañju of gold received by them from the community of Māhēśvaras. The endowed amount was invested with the assembly as fixed deposit bearing interest at the usual rate of 3 mañjāḍi per kaḻañju. The assembly promised also to give two meals daily to the person who came to collect the interest and if they failed in their duty, they agreed to pay a fine of 8 1/2 kāṇam per day to the court of justice.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0090.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a document similar to the above, dated in the 7th year of Vijaya-Aparājitavarman. It registers the agreement made by the sabhā and the amṛita-gaṇa of Ādambākkam to burn a perpetual lamp in the same temple for the interest on 30 kaḻañju of gold received by them from Mādēvi-Aḍigaḷ, queen of Aparājita. The puḷḷis are marked in this inscription.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0091.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription records an endowment of 60 kaḻañju of gold, made in the 8th year of Vijaya-Aparājitavarma-Pōttaraiyar, by Paiytāṅgi Kaṇḍaṉ, chief of Kāṭṭūr in Vaḍakarai Iṉṉambar-nāḍu, a subdivision of Śōḻa-nāḍu, for providing on the day of his natal star Svātī, offerings to the deity and for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Mahādēva at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr. The money was deposited with the Karmakkīḻvar of Tiruvoṟṟiyūr and the offerings included rice, ghee, plantains, sugar, vegetables, arecanuts, betel-leaves, tender cocoanuts, pañchagavya, sandal paste and camphor.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0092.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a verse inscription of Aparājitavikramavarman dated in his 12th year. It refers to a gift of land, after purchase from a resident of Igaṇaimūdūr, for offerings, perfume, incense and for a perpetual lamp to the god Chōḷamālyīśvara at Oṟṟimudūr (i.e.,) Tiruvoṟṟiyūr. The name Oṟṟiyūr with its Sanskrit equivalent Ādhipurī meaning a ‘mortgaged city’ is explained by a local tradition of the place.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0093.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription in Tamil verse composed by a king, whose name is, however, not revealed, states that the temple at Tiruttaṇiyal was constructed of black granite by Nambi Appi. This person figures as donor in the next inscription belonging to Aparājita. The composer of the present record may, therefore, be taken as Aparājita himself. The structure of the Vīraṭṭānēśvara temple where the present inscription is found, therefore, affords a definite landmark for studying the evolution of Pallava temple architecture.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0094.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription refers to a remission of taxes made by the assembly of Tiruttaṇiyal in the 18th year of Vijaya-Aparājitavikramavarman, on 1000 kuḻi of land situated to the north of the temple, purchased by Nambi Appi from the cultivators of the village and given over to the dharmigaḷ of the village for providing offerings to and burning two twilight lamps in the temple of Tiruvīraṭṭānattudēva in the same village. The donor is evidently identical with the builder of the temple mentioned in the above inscription. The dharmigaḷ were perhaps a body that managed the charitable endowments and trust property in the village.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0095.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This record of Tribhuvanachakravartin Tribhuvanavīradēva (i. e. Kulōttuṅgachōḷa III), dated in his 37th year (corresponding to A.D. 1215, June 7, Sunday), is included here because it notices an inscription of Aparājita engraved on the walls of the temple of Tiruppulivaṉam-Uḍaiyār. A copy of this record is also found at Uttaramallūr (A.R. No. 67 of 1898). The assembly of Uttaramēlūr alias Rājēndraśōḻa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, an independent village in Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, a subdivision of Jayaṅgoṇḍaśōḻa-maṇḍalam, agreed to maintain before the god Tiruppulivaṉamuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār, all the perpetual lamps for which inscriptions were found in the temple. One such record belongs to Aparājitavikramavarman dated in the 14th year and it gives Rājamāttāṇḍaṉ as the surname of Aparājita. This epigraph states that on the day of solar eclipse, the king made a gift of 100 kaḻañju of gold for burning four lamps in the temple. The solar eclipse cited in the record is, however, not helpful in fixing the initial date of Aparājita.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0096.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription, dated in the 2nd year of the reign of Kampavarman, registers the sale, to a certain Valiyāṇai, of the right of collecting one kāḍi of paddy per crop, by the assembly of Poṟpondai in Kuṟumpuṟai-nāḍu, a subdivision of Kaḷattūrkōṭṭam for the upkeep of the tank Malaiveḷḷapperuṅkuḷam. Kuṟumpuṟai-nāḍu must have comprised the territory round about Poṟpandal near Chingleput town. The god Kuṟumpiṟai-Nayiṉār is also referred to in an inscription1 from Śālavākkam, a village close to Poṟpandal. The special imprecation attached to the inscription viz. ‘that the defaulter will incur the sin of having destroyed Kachchippēḍu’, indicates the great reverence with which the town of Kāñchīpuram was regarded at this period.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0097.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a fragmentary record of Vijaya-Kampavarman dated in the 6th year. It seems to register a gift of gold by a certain Kumāra-Kra[mavittaṉ].

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0098.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: It is stated in this record of Kampavarman, dated in the 7th year, that the assembly of Maṇali, hamlet of Tiruvoṟṟiyūr, agreed to burn a lamp in the temple of Mahādēva at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr for the interest on 15 kaḻañju of gold received by them from Vēmbaṉ Kuṇuṅgaṉammaṉ of Iṛaiyāṉchēri in Mayilārppu. This inscription must be a copy since, as stated already (No. 90 above), it is engraved in continuation of an inscription where the king’s name is lost and followed by a record of Aparājita the first line of which is engraved in continuation of the present inscription.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0099.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a Sanskrit verse engraved in Pallava-Grantha characters1 stating that the (upper) cave called ‘Laḷitāṅkura-Pallavēśvaragṛiham’ was constructed by the Pallava king Laḷitāṅkura (i.e. Mahēndravarman I).

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0009.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is an incomplete inscription recording the construction of a Vishṇu temple by Śatti Aṟiñjigai alias Teṉṉavaṉ Viḻupparaiyaṉ after his own name at Innambar in Innambar-nāḍu, and some provision (details lost) made by him to feed five Brahmans in the temple every day after offerings to the deity.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0100.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is an incomplete and damaged inscription recording the endowment of a land made after purchase and reclamation, by Nakkaṉ’ Kāñjaṉ, a merchant of Tiruppaḻaṉam, for the maintenance of two gardeners employed for the upkeep of the two flower gardens given to the temple by his father Viśākaṉ Nakkaṉ.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0101.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is one of severāl earlier inscriptions on loose stones which were lying in the temple and were collected and re-engraved on its walls by the order of the king’s mother Śembiyan-Mahādēvī in the reign of Uttama-Chōḷa, when the temple was rebuilt by her of stone from its original brick structure (M.E.R. 1931, II, 9). It registers a sale of land, free of taxes, executed by the sabhā of Nāraṇakka-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, a brahmadēya village of Nallāṟṟūr-nāḍu on the north bank, to the temple at Tirukkōḍikkā.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0102.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is damaged and the portion from the 5th line onwards is engraved in smaller characters. It seems to record an endowment in land for feeding two Brahmans, a Brahmaṅ woman and some yōgis in the temple every day, made by two ladies Nakkaṉ Kavaḍiyakkaṉ and her sister Nakkaṉ Vichchiyakkaṉ, both daughters of a certain Dēvaṉār of the village. As both these persons also figure in No. 122 of 1931 of the 23rd year of Parāntaka I, the present record is attributed to Sundara-Chōḷa in the M.E.R. for 1931, II. 4. But it may with greater possibility, be assigned to Parāntaka’s son and nearer successor Gaṇḍarāditya.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0103.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records a gift of 90 sheep and a lamp-stand (Īḻa-viḷakku) for burning a lamp in the temple of Tiruvīraṭṭānattu-Āṇḍār at Tirukkōvalūr in Kuṟukkaikūṟṟam, a subdivision of Milāḍu, by Puḷīṣayyaṉ Sāmi Abbai alias Malāḍa-Mādēviyār, the wife of Vikramachōḷa-Malāḍuḍaiyār and the daughter of the Pāṇḍya king. The alphabet of the inscription closely resembles that of No. 8 of 1905 engraved below this, which is one of Rājēndra-Chōḷa I.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0104.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records a gift of sheep for a lamp in the temple of [Gō]vindapāḍiniṉṟaruḷiṉa-Perumānaḍigaḷ by Sōmaṉ Śaṅkaranārāyaṇaṉ, the headman of Kurukāḍi.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0105.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription records an endowment of some lands made by Bālāśiriyaṉ Bhaṭṭaṉ Śivaṉ Kūttaṉ of Ādanūr, to the temple of Tiruppāṟṟurai-Mahādēva at Uttamaśīli-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, to provide for the maintenance of some servants in the temple, for burning a perpetual lamp before the deity and for the midday offerings. The taxes on these lands were to be paid by the Big Assembly of the village in return for a lump-sum deposit of 50 Īḻakkāśu made with them by the donor. The details of the date given, viz., Mithuna, Tuesday, Chittirai, seem to correspond to A.D. 961, May 28, though they are not enough for verification of its correctness. The inscription may be one of Sundara-Chōḷa.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0106.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is identical with No. 106 above.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0107.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This registers an endowment of 70 Īḻakkāśu in gold, made in the 3rd year of Parakēsarivarman ‘who took the head of Vīra-Pāṇḍya’ by Dēvaṉ Kuppai of the Vīraśōḻa-teriñja-Kaikkōḷar community (See No. 45 above) to the temple of Tirukīḻkōṭṭattu-Paramasvāmi at Tirukkuḍamukkil, a dēvadāna in Pāmbūr-nāḍu, on the northern bank (of the Kāvēri). Out of the interest on this amount, offerings and worship were to be provided thrice a day to the silver image (of the god ?) set up in the temple by the donor. The reason for this agreement after the lapse of some time is not clear. The inscription being obviously of the time of a Rājakēsari who was the successor of ‘Parakēsari,’ the victor over ‘Vīra-Pāṇḍya’, i.e., Āditya II Karikāla, it should be assigned to Rājarāja I.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0108.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records a gift of two adjoining plots of land measuring together one , after purchasing them from their owners, by Bālāsiṟiyan Bhaṭṭaṉ Śivaṉ Kūttaṉ of Ādanūr (the donor mentioned in No. 106 above) to provide for the supply of śidāri and other ingredients for fumigation during the daily services in the temple of Tirunallūr-Mahādēva at Kāmaravalli-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, a dēvadāna and brahmadēya in Innambar-nāḍu. The inscription also states that the land was made tax-free in consideration of 12 kāśu received from the donor by the Peruṅguri-Perumakkaḷ (Elders of the Assembly) of the village, who met for the purpose before the maṇḍapa heralded by the blowing of a pair of kāḷam. Among the boundaries are mentioned the channel Kōdaṇḍarāma-vāykkāl and the road Śōḻamahādēvi-vadi. Kōdaṇḍarāma was a surname of Āditya I (Travancore Archaeological Series, Vol. III, part I, p, 109), and also of Rājāditya, the son of Parāntaka (No. 318 of 1904). The inscription seems to be assignable to Sundara-Chōḷa Parāntaka II, and the date corresponds to A.D. 961, January 4. The details however, viz, Makara, Friday, Punarvasu, are not capable of verification.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0109.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records the gift of a silver plate and a pot and also a chauri with gold handle, by Uḍaiyapirāṭṭiyār Śembiyaṉ-Mahādēviyār alias Pirāntakaṉ-Mādēvaḍigaḷār to the temple of Siddhēśvaram-uḍaiya-Mahādēva at Tirunaṟaiyūr in Tirunaṟaiyūrnāḍu. The inscription should be one of Rājarāja I.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0010.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records an agreement by the assembly (Perunguṟi-sabhai) of Śrīkaṇṭhachaturvēdimaṅgalam, exempting from the several kinds of taxes, 2 vēli and 7 of land endowed after purchase and left in their charge, by Vēlāṉ Viranārāyaṇaṉ alias Śembiyaṉ Vēdivēḷār of Śiṟudavūr in Kiḷiyūr-nāḍu for feeding 15 Brahmans in the feeding house on the hill of Tiruveṟumbiyūr-Āḻvār every day. A lump sum is said to have been paid by the donor towards these taxes to the assembly. This person has figured as the builder of the Śrīvimāna of the temple in other epigraphs of the place including No. 104 of 1914, dated in the 7th year of Rājakēsarivarman. As this last inscription makes mention of a channel called Uttamaśīlivāykkāl, evidently after a son of Parāntaka I, all these records have to be assigned to a successor of his, either Gaṇḍarāditya or Parāntaka II Sundara-Chōḷa, both of whom were Rājakēsarins, as against the view expressed in M.E.R. 1915, II, 20, referring them all to Āditya I on the basis of the astronomical details contained in them. It is quite likely that these details would yield alternate equivalants for dates later than Parāntaka I.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0110.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records an endowment of 6 of land to the temple of Mahādēva on the hill at Śrīkaṇṭha-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, to provide for the supply of an uḻakku of ghee every day for a perpetual lamp in the temple, by Tāyaṉ Kaṇamuḍaiyāṉ, a resident of the village, who also made it tax-free by a lump-sum payment of gold to the sabhā.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0111.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records a gift of forty-five sheep for burning a lamp in the day-time in the temple of Tiruveṟumbi⟨y⟩ūr-Dēvar by Kallaḍai Perumān, a Veḷḷāḷa resident of Śrīkaṇṭha-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, and his wife Paraman Kallai.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0112.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records a gift of 34 sheep for burning a lamp during the three services in the temple of Āḻvār on the hill at Tiru[v*]eṟumbiyūr, and of a lamp-stand for the same, by Nārāyaṇa-Kramavittaṉ, son of Mānacha(śa)rman of Kāvanūr, a member of the Āḷum-gaṇam of Śrīkaṇṭha-chaturvēdimaṅgalam.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0113.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This seems to be an inscription of Sundara-Chōḷa. The details of the date given, viz., Mithuna, Wednesday, Svāti, correspond to A.D. 961, May 29. This records an undertaking given by the Peruṅguṟi-sabhai of Śrīkaṇṭha-chaturvēdimaṅgalam who held their sitting on the hill of Tiruveṟumbiyūr-Āḻvār, that they would not confiscate the property (dēvasvam) of the temple on grounds of default in the payment of taxes, as the temple was not bound to pay any kind of taxes. The assembly also declared that they would ostracise such a person as suggested, ordered or himself made the confiscation, and would treat him as “an annoyance to the village,” besides making him liable for fine at the hands of the Māhēśvaras.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0114.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This registers a sale of some plots of land to the temple of Tiruvāṟai-Nakkaṉkōyil-Paramasvāmin at Tribhuvanamahādēvi-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, by the peruṅguṟiperumakkaḷ (assembly) of the village, effected in the 28th year of Kannaradēva (Rāshṭrakūṭa Kṛishṇa III) as compensation for the silver and gold vessels and jewels of the temple which had been utilised by them for sabhā-viniyōga (expenses ?) in former years. The sabhā refer in this sale transaction to a land endowed by them to the temple as dēvadāna in the 14th year of king Parāntaka I. The Rājakēsarivarman of this inscription should evidently refer to the Chōḷa king who reigned after the 28th year of the Rāshtrakūṭa king, i.e., A.D. 967 and, as such he can be identified with Rājarāja I. (M.E.R. 1918, II. 23). The name of the village seems to indicate its origin to Tribhuvanamahādēvi, a queen of Parāntaka I.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0115.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The inscription is damaged and incomplete. It seems to record a gift of 25 kaḻañju of gold for the endowment of a piece of land after purchasing it (probably tax-free) from the nagarattār of Śivapuri, for a lamp in the temple of Mahādēva at Tiruvai-āṟu by Payitāṅgi Vāḷuva-Nāgaṇi, the wife of Nāgakumāraṉ Vādāvi-Araiyaṉ of . . . . . . Kaḷakkuḍi. Both Śivapuri and Kaḷakkuḍi are in the Tinnevelly district.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0116.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records an endowment of land, one vēli in extent, as tax-free dēvadāna for the requirements of daily offerings and worship and a perpetual lamp in the temple of Paramēśvara at Tiruppaḻuvūr in Viḷattūr-nāḍu, by Mahimālaiya Irukkuvēḷ alias Parāntakaṉ Vīraśōḻaṉ. The donor seems to have belonged to the family of Irukkuvēḷs of Koḍumbāḷūr figuring in the Pudukkōṭṭai inscriptions, and should have been a feudal chief under Parāntaka I or II. The Rājakēsari of this inscription might therefore refer to Gaṇḍarāditya or Sundara-Chōḷa. Since however, the record mentions a lunar eclipse in the month of Kanyā—one occurred in A.D. 954 (September 15) and another in A.D. 955 (September 4)—it is more probably that of the former.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0117.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is an incomplete inscription. This seems to have been intended in its original form to record an endowment of another half a vēli and half of land by the same chief in addition to the gift mentioned in No. 117 above for providing offerings, etc., on a bigger scale. From the disposition of the stones containing this and the preceding record and also No. 141 below, it appears as if they belonged to another temple and were used again after dismantlement in the construction of the present structure. This is also probably an inscription of Gaṇḍarāditya.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0118.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This records a gift of 13 kaḻañju of gold for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruvanantīśvara⟨m⟩-Uḍaiyār at Vīranārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam on the north bank, by Irāyūr Śoṭṭai Aiyanaṁbi-Bhaṭṭa a resident of Śrīdhara-Nārāyaṇachchēri (quarter) of the village. The shepherds of the place with whom this money was entrusted agreed to the daily supply of an uḻakku of ghee for the purpose. This may be a record of either Gaṇḍarāditya or Sundara-Chōḷa.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0119.