Texts
Texts database last updated .
This interface allows you to look for texts in the DHARMA collection. The search form below can be used for filtering results. Matching is case-insensitive, does not take diacritics into account, and looks for substrings instead of terms. For instance, the query edit matches "edition" or "meditation". To look for a phrase, surround it with double quotes, as in "old javanese". Searching for strings that contain less than three characters is not possible.
Per default, all metadata fields are searched (except "lang", see below). Metadata fields are (for now): "title", "editor", "editor_id", "author", "summary", "lang", "script", "repo", "ident". You can restrict search to a specific field by using a field prefix, as in editor:manu or title:"critical edition". Several clauses can be added successively, separated with whitespace. In this case, for a document to be considered a match, all query clauses must match. Try for instance editor:manu title:stone.
Note the use of quotation marks: the query editor:"emmanuel francis" matches all documents edited by Emmanuel Francis, but the query editor:emmanuel francis matches all documents edited by someone called Emmanuel and that also include the name Francis in any metadata field.
The "lang" field is special. If you look for a string that contains two or three letters only, as in lang:en or lang:san, it is assumed to refer to an ISO 639 language code, and an exact comparison is performed. If you look for a string longer than that, it is assumed to refer to a language name and the above-mentioned substring matching technique will be used instead. You can consult a table of languages here.
Documents 1–50 of 130 matching.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilNadu01003.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv01p0i0043.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv01p0i0044.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv01p0i0045.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilNadu01010.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv01p0i0046.
Emmanuel Francis, Vincent Tournier.
Summary: Dhammapada verse inscribed on Buddhist bronze.
Languages: English, Pali.
Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00001.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPallava00152.
Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Gift of land for performing various services during festival, including adhyayana.
Languages: Tamil, Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv08p0i0043.
Emmanuel Francis, Renato Dávalos.
Summary: Donation (nivantam) of gold (kācu) and paddy, trough a land donation, in order to meet expenses at the time of the procession of the Lord of Citamparam during festival times (tiruvāṉi, tiruvātirai, tirumāci). The recipients include Śrīmāheśvaras and 25 Brahmins who are to be fed, as well as reciters of Tiruttoṇṭattokai. Local communities of a nakaram (merchants, oil sellers, weavers, etc.) are demeed to maintain this donation.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv04p0i0223.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: Pāṇḍya (tfa-pandya-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPandya10007.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: A Sanskrit verse recording the foundation the cave-temple named Avanibhājana-Pallaveśvara by Lalitāṅkura (Mahendravarman I Pallava) around 600/625 CE.
Languages: English, Sanskrit.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPallava00029.
Emmanuel Francis, Arlo Griffiths.
Summary: ...
Languages: English, Sanskrit.
Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSEIAD00165.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Donation of the village of Iḷaiyāṉ Puttūr as brahmadeya by Parāṅkucaṉ1 to the Brahmin Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭasomayājin of the Bhāradvajagotra.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: Pāṇḍya (tfa-pandya-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPandya10001.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Ekāmbaranātha temple. Pillar inscription recording a list of birudas of Mahendravarman I Pallava.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Undetermined.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPallava00021.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv04p0i0828.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Donation of land.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv04p0i0133.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: ...
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv04p0i0134.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Pāṇḍya (tfa-pandya-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPandya01001.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Donation of goats for upkeeping a perpetual lamp and of land for a flower garden.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00022.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Donation of five buffaloes (erumai) for maintaining one perpetual lamp for Piṭāriyār of Kuvaḷālam.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Tamil Outside of Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamil-outside-TN-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilOutsideTN00005.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Incomplete inscription beginning with the meykkīrtti of Rājendracōḻa 1.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Koṭumpāḷūr (tfa-kotumpalur-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSKotumpalur00002.
Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis, Valérie Gillet.
Summary: Record donations by Nakkaṉ of Paḻuvūr, in three parts. Part A records the donation of the village of Neṭuvāyil by Nakkaṉ of Paḻuvūr for the Mahādeva of the Vijayamaṅgala temple that he had built in Vāṉavaṉ Mahādevi Caturvedimaṅgala. It starts with a Sanskrit eulogy and business portion and then describes, in its Tamil portion dated to the 14th year of Parakesarivarman (Uttama Cōḻa, 984 CE), the transaction and the boundaries of the donated village. Part B, which starts on the same line where Part B ends, provides the detail of various provisions to undertake with the taxes and paddy thus donated. Part C details the provisions for a tiruvuṇṇaḻikaippuṟam in favour of the god of the Vijayamaṅgala temple, in force from the 7th year of Rājarāja (Rājarāja I Cōḻa, 992 CE).
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv19p0i0357.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPallava00389.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Musical notation.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil, Undetermined.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPallava00022.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: A verse list of the ten avatāras, which interestingly includes Buddha, but not Kṛṣṇa.
Languages: English, Sanskrit.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPallava00250.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv01p0i0040.
Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv01p0i0041.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Donation of goats for the upkeep of permanent lamps.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv04p0i0137.
Valérie Gillet, Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: AIM, southern shrine; engraved across the two wall sections on the northern side of the niche of Skanda on the eastern façade of the sanctuary; 15th regnal year of Kōvirājarājakēsarivarman = Rājarāja I Cōḻa (circa 1000 A.D.); meykkīrtti of Rājarāja I Cōḻa from lines 1 to 5.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Mēlappaḻuvūr & Kīḻappaḻuvūr (tfa-melappaluvur-kilappaluvur-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSMelKil00012.
Valérie Gillet, Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, on the northern façade of the sanctuary and on the ardha-maṇḍapa; four lines are engraved on the round part of the base (kumuda), and six lines on the flat lower part of the base (jagati).
AIM, southern shrine; on the base of the northern façade of the sanctuary and the ardha-maṇḍapa, begins below the niche of Brahmā; four lines are engraved on the round part of the base (kumuda), and six lines on the flat lower part of the base (jagati); 15th regnal year of Kōpparakesarivarman Uṭaiyar Śrī Rājendracōḻadeva = Rājendracōḻa I (circa 1027 A.D.); meykkīrtti of Rājendracōḻa, lines 1 to 6; because the inscription is built over at the end, I cannot give a continuous translation.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Mēlappaḻuvūr & Kīḻappaḻuvūr (tfa-melappaluvur-kilappaluvur-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSMelKil00011.
Emmanuel Francis, Eugen Hultzsch.
Summary: ...
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0018.
Emmanuel Francis, Eugen Hultzsch.
Summary: ...
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0015.
Emmanuel Francis, Eugen Hultzsch.
Summary: ...
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0016.
Emmanuel Francis, Eugen Hultzsch.
Summary: ...
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0017.
Emmanuel Francis, Eugen Hultzsch.
Summary: ...
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0019.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Foundation inscription of the Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇipallaveśvara by Narasiṁhavarman II Pallava.
Languages: English, Sanskrit.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSPallava00062.
G. Vijayavenugopal, Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00411.
G. Vijayavenugopal, Emmanuel Francis.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00413.
Emmanuel Francis, Darlini Canabady Moutien.
Summary: Inscriptions on two stone-slabs on the gopura recording in French and in Tamil the construction of the gopura in 1888.
Languages: French, Tamil.
Repository: Tamil Outside of Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamil-outside-TN-epigraphy).
DHARMA_INSTamilOutsideTN90002.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara, the illustrious Sadāśivadeva-mahārāyar (of Vijayanagara).1
2. Date: Śālivāhana-Śaka 1489 expired and the Prabhava year current.
3. Donee: the liṅga of Mārgasahāya2 at Tiru-Viriñchapuram.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0140.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: A rough transcript and paraphrase of the subjoined inscription was published as early as 1836 in the Asiatic Researches.1 The original is engraved on a lamp-pillar in front of a Jaina temple at the ruined city of Vijayanagara. The temple is now-a-days styled Gāṇigitti Temple,2 i.e., “the temple of the oil-woman.”3
The inscription consists of 28 Sanskrit verses and commences with an invocation of Jina (verse 1) and of his religion (Jina-śāsana, v. 2). Then follows a pedigree of the spiritual ancestors and pupils of the head of a Jaina school, who was called Siṁhanandin:—
[[genealogical table]] The Mūla-saṁgha. The Nandi-saṁgha. The Balātkāra-gaṇa. The Sārasvata-gachchha. Padmanandin. Dharmabhūshaṇa I., Bhaṭṭāraka. Amarakīrti. Siṁhanandin, Gaṇabhṛit. Dharmabhūsha, Bhaṭṭāraka. Vardhamāna. Dharmabhūshaṇa II., alias Bhaṭṭārakamuni.
The various epithets, which these teachers receive in the inscription, are:—āchārya, ārya, guru, deśika, muni and yogīndra. Other Jaina terms, which occur in the inscription, are:—syādvāda (v. 2.) or anekānta-mata (v. 22), paṭṭa (vv. 11 and 12) and chaityālaya (v. 28).
The pedigree of Jaina teachers is followed by a short account (vv. 15 to 18) of two kings of the first Vijayanagara dynasty, viz., Bukka, who was descended from the race of the Yādava kings, and his son Harihara (II). Harihara’s hereditary minister was the general (daṇḍādhināyaka, vv. 19 and 21; daṇḍanātha, v. 20) Chaicha or Chaichapa. Chaicha’s son, the general (daṇḍeśa, vv. 21, 22 and 28) or prince (kshitīśa v. 23; dharaṇīśa, v. 24) Iruga or Irugapa, adhered to the doctrine of the above-mentioned Jaina teacher Siṁhanandin (v. 24). In Śaka 1307 [expired],4 the cyclic year Krodhana (lines 36 f.), Iruga built a stone-temple of Kunthu-Jinanātha (v. 28) at Vijayanagara (v. 26). This city belonged to Kuntala, a district of the Karṇāṭa country (v. 25).
Through my assistant I received a copy,—printed with a Telugu commentary in the Rudhirodgāri-saṁvatsara (i.e., 1863-64 A.D.),—of a Sanskrit kośa, entitled Nānārtharatnamālā and composed by Irugapa-daṇḍādhinātha or, as he calls himself in the opening verses, Iruga-daṇḍeśa. Dr. Oppert5 mentions a large number of MSS. of the same work. Dr. Aufrecht6 describes three inferior MSS. of it and states that, according to one of these, its composer lived under a king Harihara. This notice enables us to identify the author of the Nānārtharatnamālā with the general Iruga or Irugapa of the subjoined inscription.
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0152.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Next to No. 152, this is the oldest dated inscription at Vijayanagara. It is engraved on both sides of the north-west entrance of a ruined Jaina temple, which is situated to the south-west of the temple No. 35 on the Madras Survey Map. A careless transcript and paraphrase in the Asiatic Researches1 has been useful so far as it enabled Mr. R.Sewell to complete the pedigree of the first Vijayanagara dynasty in his Lists of Antiquities.2
The inscription is written in large and handsome characters, which are, however, considerably obliterated in consequence of the usual coating with chunnam. It records, in Sanskrit, prose and verse, that in the Parābhava year, which was current after the expiration of the Śāka year 1348 (line 25), king Devarāja II. built a stone-temple (chaityālaya or chaityāgāra) of the Arhat Pārśvanātha (l. 5) or Pārśva-Jineśvara (l. 27) in a street (vīthi) of the Pān-supārī Bāzār (Kramuka-parṇāpaṇa, l. 4, or Parṇa-pūgīphalāpaṇa, l. 25) at his residence Vijayanagara (l. 4) or Vijayanagarī (l. 6), which belonged to the Karṇāṭa country (ll. 4 and 6).
The chief value of the inscription consists in the pedigree, which it gives no less than three times,3 of the first Vijayanagara dynasty:—
1. Bukka (ll. 1, 9, 24) of the race of Yadu (Yadu-kula, l. 8, or Yādavānvaya, l. 1).
2. His son, Harihara (II.) (ll. 2, 10, 24), mahārāja (l. 2).
3. His son, Devarāja (I.) (ll. 2, 13, 24).
4. His son, Vijaya (ll. 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24) or Vīra-Vijaya (l. 2).
5. His son, Devarāja (II.) (ll. 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24), Abhinava-Devarāja (ll. 3 f.), or Vīra-Devarāja (l. 16), mahārāja (l. 4), rājādhirāja, rājaparameśvara, etc. (ll. 3 and 23).
In the subjoined genealogical table of the first or Yādava dynasty of Vijayanagara, the names of the father and of the elder brother of Bukka and those Śaka dates, for which no references are given in the foot-notes, are taken from Mr. Fleet’s table of the same dynasty.4
[[genealogical table]] [[L1C1]] Saṁgama. [[L2C1]] Harihara I. (Śaka 1261.5) [[L2C2]] Bukka. (Śaka 1276 [current], 1277, 1278, 1290.) [[L3C1]] Harihara II. (Śaka 1301, 1307,6 1317,7 1321.) [[L4C1]] Devarāja I. (Śaka 1332, 1334.) [[L5C1]] Vijaya.8 [[L6C1]] Devarāja II. (Śaka 1346, 1347, 1348, 1353 [current], 1371.9)
During the reign of Devarāja II. the city of Vijayanagara was visited by ‘Abdu’rrazzāq as an ambassador of Sult6ān Shāh Rukh of Samarkand, a son of the great Tīmūr. ‘Abdu’r-razzāq informs us, that he stayed at Bījānagar (Vijayanagara), the capital of Deo Rāī (Devarāja II.), from the close of Z6u’l-ḥijja A.H. 846 = end of April A.D. 1443 to the 12th Sha’bān A.H. 847 = 5th December A.D. 1443.10 An English translation of his own account of his journey is included in Elliot and Dowson’s History of India.11 Curiously enough, the whole is also incorporated with slight alterations in Galland’s translation of the Thousand and One Nights, where it forms part of the Story of Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Parī Bānū. This is one of the twelve doubtful stories, the originals of which are not found in the existing Arabic MSS. of the Nights. The late Professor Weil12 was of opinion, that they were probably contained in the fourth volume of the Paris MS., which was lost after Galland’s death; and two of the missing stories have since been actually recovered by M. Zotenberg.13 In ‘Abdu’r-razzāq’s account of Vijayanagara, we possess the dated original, from which part of the Story of Prince Aḥmad was taken. In the absence of works of reference, I cannot say if this fact,—which furnishes us with a terminus a quo for the compilation of that story,—has been noticed before.
According to ‘Abdu’r-razzāq,14 Devarāja II. issued the following coins:—I. Gold: (1) varāha; (2) partāb = (1/2) varāha; (3) fanam = (1/10) partāb. II. Silver: tār = (1/6) fanam. III. Copper: jītal = (1/3) tār. Pagodas or varāhas with the legend śrīpratāpadevarāya, which on some copies is corrupted into śrīpratāpadāvarāya, are described by Dr. Bidie,15 who also figures a pagoda of Bukka.16The name partāb, which ‘Abdu’r-razzāq attributes to the half pagoda, is probably connected with the surname Pratāpa, which occurs before the names of Vijayanagara kings both on coins and in inscriptions. Dr. Bain of Bangalore possesses a half pagoda17 with the legend śrīpratāpadovarāya (sic) and of the same type as the corresponding pagoda. Two quarter pagodas in my cabinet have on the obverse an elephant which faces the left, and on the reverse the legend śrīdevarāya. No fanam or silver coin with Devarāja’s name has been hitherto discovered. Copper coins of Devarāja are very common in the South-Indian bāzārs. They have on the obverse a bull or an elephant, and on the reverse the legends śrīdevarāya, pratāpadevarāya, rāyagajagaṁḍabheruṁḍa, or śrīnīlakaṁṭha.18
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0153.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is engraved on a rock not far from the summit of the fort of Gutti (Gooty) in the Anantapur District1 and consists of one verse in the Sragdharā metre. At the time of the inscription, the fort of Gutti (Gutti-durga) belonged to king Bukka. By this, the well-known king of the first dynasty of Vijayanagara, whose inscriptions range between Śaka 1276 [current] and 1290 [expired],2 seems to be meant.
Besides the subjoined inscription, the fort of Gutti bears three very rough rock-inscriptions in Kanarese of Tribhuvanamalladeva, i.e., of the Western Chālukya king Vikramāditya VI., surnamed Tribhuvanamalla. The dates of two of them, which I succeeded in making out, are recorded in the new era started by Vikramāditya VI., the Chāḷukya-Vikrama-varsha, which, according to Mr. Fleet,3 began with the king’s accession in Śaka 997 [expired]. The two inscriptions are dated in the 46th and 47th years, which corresponded to the cyclic years Plava and Śubhakṛit, i.e., Śaka 1043 and 1044 [expired] or A.D. 1121-22 and 1122-23.
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0154.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a set of six verses in Tamil in the Kaṭṭaḷaikkalittuṟai metre praising the greatness of Pallavāṇḍār alias Kāḍavarāyar ‘who conquered Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam’ and who was the son of Kūḍal Āḷappiṟandāṉ alias Kāḍavarāyar. He is called Pallavaṉ, Kāḍavar-kōṉ, Kūḍal-maṉṉavar and one of the verses alludes to the battle at Śēvūr, probably identical with Mēl-Śēvūr in the Tindivanam taluk of the South Arcot district, where he slew a large number of his enemies and ‘created mountains of dead bodies and swelling rivers of blood’. His opponent on the battle-field at Śēvūr is not specified, but the result was the conquest of Toṇḍai-nāḍu which included Peṇṇai-nāḍu, Vaḍa-Vēṅgaḍam and Kachchi ‘surrounded by the sea’. That Pallavāṇḍār also defeated the northern powers is indicated by a verse stating that the ‘northern kings who did not come and make obeisance to the Kāḍava, could not find even a hill or a forest to which they could flee for refuge’.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0125.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is engraved in Pallava-Grantha characters in a single line on the beams of the upper and lower verandahs of the rock-cut cave (plates III and IV.) It gives a long list of birudas, some of them obscure in their import, of the Pallava king Mahēndravikrama (I) with whose name the inscription commences. These titles are in Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu and indicate the character, erudition and personal tastes of the king. Some of these birudas are also found in the upper cave at Trichinopoly (No. 8 above).
The rock-cut temple is described in the Memoir of the Archaeological Survey of India, No. 17, page 16.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0013.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Like the previous record this inscription also enumerates a few birudas of Mahēndravarman I (plate IV.) As this inscription is found on a detached pillar, it is evident that it must have formed part of a structural temple of the time of Mahēndravarman I. which has now disappeared.
West face.
Languages: Sanskrit, Telugu, Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0014.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: In this damaged inscription the regnal year is lost. Some of the inscribed slabs are also missing. It seems to record the gift of a garden, free of taxes, in Ākkūr, to the Paḍimattār of the temple of Mahāśāstaṉ Peruvēmbuḍaiyār by (the authorities) of the temple of Tiruttōṇipuramuḍaiyār.
Languages: Tamil, Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0253.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription consisting of 11 verses in Tamil and praising the family of Kāḍava chiefs, was engraved under orders of Araśanārāyaṇaṉ Āḷappiṟandāṉ Vīraśēkharaṉ alias Kāḍavarāyaṉ on the ‘Gaṇḍarādittaṉ-vāśal’ in the Vṛiddhagirīśvara temple at Vṛiddhāchalam. The verses themselves do not give any historical information, but the prose passages prefixed to some of them give the following genealogy for the Kāḍava chiefs.
Vaḷandāṉār alias Kāḍavarāyar
Āṭkoḷḷiyār alias Kāḍavarāyar
Ēḻiśaimōgaṉ Kāḍavarāyar, ‘who conquered the four quarters’
Araśanārāyaṇaṉ Kachchiyarāyar alias Kāḍavarāyar
Āḷappiṟandāṉ Vīraśēkharaṉ alias Kāḍavarāyaṉ, ‘who destroyed Kūḍal in Ś 1108 (= A.D. 1186).’
The last-mentioned chief viz., Āḷappiṟandāṉ Vīraśēkharaṉ alias Kāḍavarāyaṉ is also stated to have proceeded due west of the ‘Gaṇḍarādittan-vāśal’ in Śaka 1106 (A.D. 1184), destroyed Kūḍal belonging to Kaṟkaṭaka-Mārāyaṉ and the country of Adiyamāṉ and planted there his flag with the figure of Hanumān on it. From the context we have to take ‘Gaṇḍarādittaṉ-vāśal’ as the gōpura where this inscription is found. The Kūḍal mentioned above may be identified with the village Tīrttāmalai in the Salem District (A.R. No. 660 of 1905).
A copy of the present inscription is also found in the gōpura of the Kṛipāpurīśvara temple at Tiruveṇṇainallūr (No. 264 below).
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0263.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This damaged inscription is identical with the previous record found at Vṛiddhāchalam.
Languages: English, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0264.