Kanyākumāri, Kanyākumāri temple, time of Jaṭāvarman Parāntaka, year 9

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPandya01001.

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Pāṇḍya (tfa-pandya-epigraphy).

Version: (6f16750), last modified (abf8c4e).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

I. āciriyappā

tiru vaḷara-c ceyam ⟨va⟩ḷara-t teṉṉavar tam kulam ⟨va⟩ḷara

1

v-aru-maṟai nāṉk’ avai vaḷara v-aṉaitt’ ulakum tuyar nīkka-t

2

teṉ-maturā-puri-t tōṉṟi {ttē} ⟨2⟩ devēndraṉōṭ’ iṉit’ irunta

3

maṉṉar pirāṉ va(ḻu)tiyar-kōṉ (vaṭim)p’ alampa niṉṟ-aruḷi

4

māl-kaṭalai Eṟint-aruḷi malaiyattu-k kayal po¡r!⟨ṟ⟩ittu-c

5

cēralaṉai⟨3⟩-c ceruvil veṉṟu (ti)ṟai koṇṭu vākai cūṭi-k

6

kūpakar-kōṉ makaṭ k¡u!⟨o⟩ṭuppa-k kula-viḻiñam kai-k-koṇṭu

7

kaṉṉi-(p)-pōr ceyt-aruḷi-k kāntaḷur-c-cālai kalam aṟut⟨4⟩(tu)

8

maṉṉupukaḻ maṟaiyavar ta¿mm?⟨m⟩ aṇi-y-ampalatt’ iṉit’ iruntu

9

Āyiratteṇmar Avirōtam paṇi-p-paṇiyāl

10

ma(ṟai pēr)ttu-k kal nāṭṭi-p paṇṭ-uḷḷa pēr tavi⟨5⟩⟨rt⟩tu

11

niṟuppaṉavum aḷappa⟨⟨ṉa⟩⟩vum kayal eḻuti Aṉanta-purattemmāṟku

12

nilaviya poṉ maṇi-viḷakku niṉṟ’ eriya-p patt’ amai(ttu)

13

Āṅk’ amaitta tāyanallūr Aṭatteṉ⟨6⟩ṉāṭ ṭaraiyaṉeṉa

14

Aṟiv¿ā?⟨a⟩kaiyāl y-a¡r!⟨ṟ⟩inturaittu teṉṉavar taṅ kula-teyvam

15

teṉ-kumari-kaṉ[ṉiyar tam] tiru-nāḷ viḻāvataṉiṟ ⌈⟨7⟩tai-p-pūca-p piṟṟai ¡n!⟨ñ⟩āṉṟu

16

vant-iruntār ellārkkum māṟṟātē tiyākam Iṭa

17

A(ṟattāl viḷaṅkiya Āynta kēḷvi-p puṟatt)⟨8⟩āyanāṭu pū-makaṭ kaḷi⟨ttu⟩-t

18

teliṅka-vī{y}maṉ kuḷaṅ koṇṭu teṉ-kaliṅkam aṭippaṭuttu-t

19

ticai Aṉaittum uṭaṉ āṇṭa

20

śrī⟨9⟩-parāntaka-tēvarkku yāṇṭu 9-tāvatu

rājarāja-p-pāṇṭi-nātu Uttama-cōḻa-vaḷanāṭṭu-p puṟattāyanāṭṭu-k kumari-k-kaṉṉiy⟨10⟩ā-pakavatiyār tēvatāṉattukku-p perunāṉk’ ellai

  • vaṭa-v-ellai nāñci-nāṭṭu Atiyaṉūru{m} miṉṉāṭṭu-p ⟨11⟩ peruṅ-kuṭi malai-y-uṭpaṭa paṇaikuṭi nīṅkal-āka mūṉṟuṅ kūṭiṉa malaiyiṟ cantēcatēca-p-piramāṇam (Ā)ṉaimalaiyu(m) maṉuttira-p⟨12⟩{pā}-pāṟaiyum tōraṇa-kuḻiyum piṭāraṉ-ēri-k-koḻukkuttum kaṇṭaṉ-ēri-k- koḻukkuttum vāḻaiyāṟṟu vaṭavāṟum ⟨13⟩ nāvāyum kōṭikkaḷāvum viṟakaṭukuppai(yu)m Oḻukkantāḻvum Iṉ-ṉāṭṭu vaṭa-kīḻ mūlai karuṅkuḷamum Aḷḷiyūrum pūca⟨14⟩ṉ kuṭiyum kūṭiṉa piramāṇam-āṉa (pu)kkūḻ-kuḻiyum kirā{ra}ttikkuḷamum citaṟṟai-p-pāṟaiyum neṭu-vāli-kuḻiyum mēṟku ⌈⟨15⟩nōkkiṉa nīr-vīḻtāḻvum viḷakkaṉ-kuḻi nīr-koḷḷiyum Iraṭṭai-k-kiṇaṟum Ātaṉār(tu)ṟai nīr-(vīḻtāḻvu)m pālpāṭum neṭuṅ⟨16⟩kaḷarum Ucilōṭu-kuḻiyum Āṉai Aṭi-p-pāṟaiyum (ka)ṟaṭimaṇalum Iraṭṭai nurampum kaṟimpāṭum Āṉaikkallum
  • Iv-ellaiyi⟨17⟩l kiḻakku-c karuṅkuḷa-vaḷa-nāṭṭu vicāpuriyum Irukkantuṟaikkun teṉ-kīḻ mūlai(yum)
  • teṉ Ellai kiḻa(kku-p p)ārucamē pōntu In-nā⟨18⟩ṭṭu-t teṉ-mēl-malai kēraḷaṉ-kuṟicci-y-āṉa kēraḷaṉ-kuṭi(yu)m nāñci-ṉāṭṭu ma(ṉṟakuṭi)yum (kū)ṭi(ṉa can)tēca-p-piramāṇam kēḷara⟨19⟩ṅkuṭikku-t teṉ-mēl mūlai pe [5+] ḻaiyum kaṭa [5+] mapaṉṟitalai viḷai [4+] ṟkum [4+] naṭuviḷaiyum māṇākka⟨20⟩ṉ kuḻi-k kīḻ-viḷimpum (na)ṅkai kiṇaṟu tāka-c cucīntiramum kēraḷaṉ-kuṟicciyum [7+] (va)ḻiyum tēvi-kuḷattil nī⟨21⟩(r)koḷḷiyum (Ā)ṟuṇṇi vaṭa kompil [6+] kkuppā(ṟ)ai(yum) [5+]( pāp)pāṉ-kuḻiyum pāṟaiyum vaṭakku nōkki⟨22⟩ṉa nīr-vīḻkkāraṭu veḷḷeluppai-t-tāḻvum paḷ(ḷi)ccanta nīṅkal-āka kuruntō [8+] ḷaṟpoṟṟaiyum ma⟨23⟩laiyē yoḻuṅkākap pōntu tōvāḷaikku-k kīḻ ellaika [10+] ṉaiyum Uruṇ(ṭa)ppo(ṟṟaiyum) Oḻuṅk-āka Ūcimalaiyu⟨24⟩m Oḻuṅk-āka-p pōntu Āṉaimalai
y-āka Ivv-icainta perunaṉk’ ellai y-uṭpaṭṭa [7+] taṅkaḷum Amirta-paṭi cāntu⟨25⟩-p-paṭiyuñ cantaṉaṅ-kaṟpūrattu(k)kum nām piṟanta tai-p-(pū)⟨26⟩ca-t-tiru-nāḷukkum celvit-āka Iṟaiyili tēvatāṉam-āka namakku(ṭai-paṭi) [3+] nīrvārttu-k kuṭuttōm kumari-kaṉṉi-p⟨27⟩-pakavatiyārku

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ nīkkat TAS • TAS notes: “nīṅka would be better.” — ⟨2⟩ iṉit’ irunta TAS • TAS notes: “The other inscription reads iṉit’ iruntu.” — ⟨2⟩ mālkaṭalai TAS • TAS notes: “vārkaṭalai would suit the rhyme better.”

⟨4⟩ … Āyiratteṇmar Avirōtam paṇippaṇiyāl TAS • TAS notes: “The other inscription has . . . . m va(ḷarp)pa Amaitta pērāyiratteṇmar aviṟōtap paṇippaṇiyāl.”

⟨5⟩ niṟuppaṉavum aḷappa⟨⟨ṉa⟩⟩vum TAS • TAS notes: “The letter ṉa is engraved below the line. The other inscription reads Aḷappaṉavum mukappaṉavum niṟuppaṉavum. For metre and rhyme it would be better if the reading is mukappaṉavu niṟuppaṉavu maḷappaṉavum.” — ⟨5⟩ eḻuti ⬦ ēḻuti TAS. — ⟨5⟩ Āṅkamaitta TAS • TAS notes: “The second inscription reads Āṅkamainta.”

⟨6⟩ Aṟiv¿ā?⟨a⟩kaiyāl ya¡r!⟨ṟ⟩inturaittu TAS • TAS notes: “Read vakaiyāl Aṟintu. The other inscription reads Aṟintuṇartta.” — ⟨6⟩ teṉkumarikaṉ[ṉiyar tam] TAS

⟨7⟩ vantiruntār ellārkkum TAS • TAS notes: “The second inscription reads vantirantōrellāṟkum which appears more correct. It means "to all these that came and asked for alms.” — ⟨7⟩ A(ṟattāl viḷaṅkiya Āynta kēḷvip puṟatt)⟨8⟩āyanāṭu TAS • TAS notes: “The second inscription reads here Aṟattāl viḷaṅkiya Āynta kēḷvip puṟattāyanāṭu .” — ⟨7⟩ śrī⟨9⟩parāntakatēvarkku TAS • TAS notes: “The second inscription has here śrīkōrcaṭaiya paṉmārāṉa tiripuvaṉa cakkaravattikaḷ śrīparāntakatēvaṟku.”

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(9) Ninth year of the the glorious king Parāntaka,

(1–8) who, so that fortune thrives, so that victory thrives, so that the lineage of the Southerner(s)1 thrives, so that the four great secrets2 thrives, so as to remove the affliction in the whole world, appeared in the southern Maturā city,3, [who is] the lord of kings, the Vaḻuti king,4, who pleasingly sat along with the king of gods,5 who, graciously stood so as to wash his feet and graciously hurled [a javelin] at the great sea, who engraved the carp on the mountain, who vanquished the Cēra king in battle, obtained tribute [from him] and wore the vākai flower, who, whereas/so that the Kūpakar king gave him his daughter, seized Vīḻiñam of noble lineage and graciously made his debut fight, who apportioned pots in the feeding-hall (cālai) at Kāntaḷur and pleasingly sat in the beautiful hall of the Brahmins of enduring fame, who ..., who inscribed the fish ..., who established to permanently burn ten beautiful lamps ... for our lord at Aṉantapuṟam, who ..., who, so as to give presents to all those who came at the time of and after taippūcam6 during the festival of the southern Kumarikaṉṉi, the family deity of the Pāṇḍyas, who ..., who ..., ruled in all directions.

(9–10) Whereas the four great boundaries of the devadāna of the Lady Kumarikkaṉṉi in the Purattāyanāṭu, [itself] in the Uttamacōḻavaḷanātu, [itself] in the Rājarājavaḷanāṭu, are

  • the northern boundary ...
  • east to this boundary ...
  • the southern boundary ...
[the land] comprised within these four great boundaries ... we have given [it], with water libation, as tax-free devadāna to the Lady Kumarikkaṉṉi.

Commentary

Gopinatha Rao [1908] 1988 notes that there “is one more record of the 9th year of the king Parântaka in the same temple, but unfortunately it is built in.” He occasionally refers to readings from this other inscription.

Bibliography

Edited from impressions in Gopinatha Rao [1908] 1988, with English translation and visual documentation (TAS 1.3).

Edited here by Emmanuel Francis, based on Gopinatha Rao [1908] 1988 and visual documentation therein.

Primary

[TAS] Gopinatha Rao, T. A. [1908] 1988. Travancore archaeological series: Volume I. Reprint. Trivandrum: Government of Kerala. Pages 49–57.

Secondary

Cuppiramaṇiyam, Pu. 1983. Meykkīrttikaḷ. Ceṉṉai: ulakat tamilārāycci niruvaṉam. Pages 223–226.

Pierdominici Leão, David. 2025. Breaking the crown of Indra: the Pāṇḍyas and their dynastic identity in the South Indian context. Leiden, Pays-Bas. Pages 151–153.

Notes

  1. 1. That is, the Pāṇḍya(s).
  2. 2. That is, the vedas.
  3. 3. That is, the southern Mathurā, that is, Maturai.
  4. 4. That is, the Pāṇḍya king.
  5. 5. That is, Indra.
  6. 6. See MTL: “The full moon in the month of Tai, a day of festival.”