Texts
Texts database last updated .
This interface allows you to look for texts in the DHARMA collection. The search form below can be used for filtering results. Matching is case-insensitive, does not take diacritics into account, and looks for substrings instead of terms. For instance, the query edit matches "edition" or "meditation". To look for a phrase, surround it with double quotes, as in "old javanese". Searching for strings that contain less than three characters is not possible.
Per default, all metadata fields are searched (except "lang", see below). Metadata fields are (for now): "title", "editor", "editor_id", "author", "summary", "lang", "repo", "ident". You can restrict search to a specific field by using a field prefix, as in editor:manu or title:"critical edition". Several clauses can be added successively, separated with whitespace. In this case, for a document to be considered a match, all query clauses must match. Try for instance editor:manu title:stone.
Note the use of quotation marks: the query editor:"emmanuel francis" matches all documents edited by Emmanuel Francis, but the query editor:emmanuel francis matches all documents edited by someone called Emmanuel and that also include the name Francis in any metadata field.
The "lang" field is special. If you look for a string that contains two or three letters only, as in lang:en or lang:san, it is assumed to refer to an ISO 639 language code, and an exact comparison is performed. If you look for a string longer than that, it is assumed to refer to a language name and the above-mentioned substring matching technique will be used instead. You can consult a table of languages here.
Documents 1651–1700 of 1000000000000000002264 matching.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record of Vīra-Pāṇḍya is dated in the 5th year opposite to the 4th year of his reign and is damaged and incomplete. It appears to enumerate the dēvaraḍaiyār who were connected with the temple of Sundara-Pāṇḍya-Īśvaram at Paḷḷipaḍai in Tiruchchuḻiyal, a dēvadāṉa in Paruttikkuḍi-nāḍu.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0083.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: The inscription is dated in the 5th year opposite to the 4th year of the king’s reign. It states that the affairs of the stone temple named Śrikaṇṭhēśvaram erected by Teṉṉavaṉ Kaṇḍaṉ-Śāttaṉ for the god Bhaṭāra at Tirumāttūr, were examined by this officer, and that the wet and dry lands belonging to the temple priests (aganāḻigaiyār) drummers, etc., situated in Birundaiyūr, were also properly checked and regulated. The fact that the old dēvadāṉa lands were checked in the time of Vīra-Pāṇḍya indicates that the temple had existed from earlier times, probably as a brick structure, and that it was now rebuilt of stone by this chieftain, with the new name of Śrīkaṇṭhēśvaram, after his own name of Kaṇḍaṉ, and the flower-garden called ‘Śōḻāntakaṉ’ was endowed in the name of the king himself. This chieftain is called Teṉṉavaṉ-Tamiḻavēḷ in another record.1
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0084.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Other fragmentary portions belonging to this record [[SII 14.84]] are: (A.R. No. 627 of 1926.). No. 85 which is fragmentary, probably belonging to the same record [[SII 14.84]], is engraved on several slabs in the same wall and relates to the apportionment of the taxes to be levied from the lands in Tirumāttūr belonging to the temple, among the aganāḻigaiyār, uvachhar and others.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0085.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record of Vīra-Pāṇḍya is dated in the 5th year opposite to the 5th year instead of being dated opposite to the 4th year, as in the earlier records. The stones of this record are disarranged, and some portion of the document is lost. It mentions that some lands in the village called Parāntakanallūr alias Vāmadēvamaṅgalam which was situated in the subdivision Māḍakkuḷakkīḻ and which belonged to the temple were examined by some officer apparently the one figuring in another record1 in the same temple, and the paddy derivable from them were fixed for the requirements of worship and offerings to the god Bhaṭāra at Tiruvāmāttūr.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0086.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: The inscription in Tamil poetry is fragmentary; but from the available portion, it can be inferred that it refers to the building of the temple at Tirumāttūr by a certain Tamiḻavēḷ in about the 8th year of reign of Vira-Pāṇḍya. This record contains an eulogy of this chieftain. There is a reference to some who was well-versed in Sanskrit and Tamil works, such as the Vēdas, the Purāṇas, PAtañjala mudar-paṉuval, etc. As the name Teṉṉavaṉ is mentioned in another record, that word combined with Tamiḻavēḷ seems to give the full title ‘Teṉṉavaṉ-Tamiḻavēḷ’ of the chieftain, who erected the ŚrIkaṇThēśvaram temple in stone. This chief figures in a record dated in the 12th year of Vīra-Pāṇḍya at Ambāsamudram in the Tirunelveli district.1
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0087.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: To the same king Vīra-Pāṇḍya belongs this record dated in the 7th year opposite to the 4th year of his reign. It registers a gift of sheep for burning a lamp in the maṭha of Mahāvratigaḷ attached to the temple of Sundarapāṇḍya-Īśvaram at Paḷḷipaḍai. The existence of a Mahāvrati-maṭha at this place is of interest. The Mūvarkōyil inscription1 of the Koḍumbāḷūr chieftain Bhūti-Vikramakēsarin, who was probably a contemporary of this Pāṇḍya king, because he claims to have come into conflict with him, also refers to the fact that that chief favoured the Śaiva sect and that one of its teachers was a native of Madurai.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0088.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record is dated in the 12th year of the king and refers to a gift of sheep for burning a lamp in the temple, whose name is given, namely, Manōmayaṉīśvaram at Vijayanārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam. It is not known whose title ‘Maṉōmayaṉ was; but it already occurs in the time of Śaḍiaya-Māṟaṉ. It may be remarked that the regnal year which had been cited as some year opposite to the 4th up till the 11th year is now quoted as only one year, as the 12th in this record. This practice was in vogue up till the 15th year, when with that year as constant, the further years are quoted as 15+4 and 15+5. No. 91 below however cites the year 13+1. The significance of this is not clear.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0089.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This Tamil record dated in the 4+4th year of Māṟañjaḍaiyaṉ registers a gift of 138 cows and 100 kāśu by the king for the supply of milk and ghee and for maintaining two perpetual lamps in the temple of Bhaṭāra of Tirukkīḻkōṭṭam in Tirukkuḍamūkku, i. e., Kumbakōṇam. The regnal year of this inscription corresponds apparently to the year 4+1+1+1+1, quoted in the Āḍuturai record. (No. 7 above.)
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0008.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: The object of the grant is the village of Śeṇbaga-Perumāḷ-nallūr, i.e., the modern Śamaṅginellūr.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0048.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record dated in the 13th year of the reign of Vīra-Pāṇḍya registers a gift of 100 sheep by a certain Araṅgam-Pūdi alias Pōḻiyūrnāṭṭu-Mūvēndavēḷāṉ of Śuḍuvūr in Pōḻiyūr-nāḍu, for burning a lamp in the temple of Sundara-Pāṇḍya-Īśvaram at Pallimadai. These sheep were left in charge of several individuals, who had to measure stipulated quantities of ghee to the temple.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0090.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record which belongs to Vīra-Pāṇḍya is dated in the year opposite to the 13th year of his reign, different from the usual method in which the years quoted were opposite to the 4th year. It is stated that the sabhā of Villipputtūr, a brahmadēya in Malli-nāḍu, which had met in the temple of Tirukkaṟṟaḷi-Mahādēva, sold some lands newly constituted into a hamlet called Agara-dhanma-maṅgalam, to a certain official named Śatrubhayaṅkara-Mūvēndavēḷāṉ alias Vēḷāṉ-Parañjōti of Peruṅguḷam in Tiruvaḷudi-vaḷanāḍu, for instituting some charities in the two temples of Jalaśayanattu-kkiḍandaruḷiṉa-Paramasvāmin and Tirukkaṟṟali-Mahādēvar in the village. Among the boundaries of the village are mentioned the names of Māṟapputtūr, Irambāḍu, and Śrīkāntamaṅgalam. Śatrubhayaṅkara was evidently a title borne by a Pāṇḍya king, possibly Vira-Pāṇḍya himself. The penalty to be imposed on those who obstruct this charity is specified, namely, in the case of an individual, it was 50 poṉ but if the Sabhā itself was at fault, the fine was 500 poṉ.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0091.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record, dated in the 15th year of the reign of Vīra-Pāṇḍya, registers a gift of cows for maintaining a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruvaḻudīśvaram in Tiruva udi-vaḷanāḍu. by a private person of the same village. The aganāḻigaiyār or the men in charge of the inner precincts of the temple undertook to burn the lamp.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0092.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This incomplete inscription is dated in the 15th year of Vīra-Pāṇḍya and relates to the gift of buffalœs by the wife of Pāṇḍimārttāṇḍa-Pallavaraiyaṉ alias Śe2ṉṉappi of Kuṟuṅguḍi in Māṉavīra-vaḷanāḍu, a subdivision of Tiruvaḻudi-vaḷanāḍu, to burn a lamp in the temple of Tiruvaḻudīśvarattu-Āḻvār at Peruṅguḷam in Tiruvaḻudi-vaḷanāḍu, for the merit of her husband and herself. The titles Tiruvaḻudi, Māṉavīra and Pāṇḍimārttāṇḍa are noteworthy. ‘Vaḻudi,’ though it is a general title of Pāṇḍya kings has perhaps special reference to the early Pāṇḍya king Palyāgaśālai Mudukuḍumi-Peruvaḻudi who is referred to in the Vēḷvikkuḍi copper plate grant. ‘Māṉavīra’ must have been a title assumed by a Pāṇḍya king, presumably earlier than Vīra-Pāṇḍya. Pāṇḍimārttāṇḍa-vaḷanāḍu occurs as the name of a district in the time of Rājasimha himself, and as such it must have been probably a title of Rājasimha.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0093.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription of the 15+4th year of the king relates to a gift of sheep by Āchchaṉ, a resident of the cloth merchants’ quarters (aṟuvai-vāṇiya-chchēri) for burning a lamp in the temple of Śuṉaikkuḍi-Bhaṭāra.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0094.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record dated in the 5th year opposite to the 15th year of the king is the latest record found for him. It confirm a royal order made in the 12th year of the king, which was carried into effect now. It is important as mentioning the occurrence of a solar eclipse in the month of Mithuna in the 12th year of Vīra-Pāṇḍya’s reign and helps to fix A.D. 946-47 as the date of his accession. It registers a gift of 10 vēli of land by the king for providing worship and offerings to the deities in the temple of Tiruppōttuḍaiya-Mahādēva at Iḷaṅgoykkuḍi, a brahmadēya in Muḷḷi-nāḍu. An officer of the king named Chōḷāntāka-Brahmamārāyar and another named Tamiḻavēḷāṉ figure in the record.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0095.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This damaged record belongs to the reign of Vīra-Pāṇḍya. The regnal year is list. It relates to a gift of sheep for a lamp to be burnt apparently in the temple of Vijayanāraṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam a brahmadēya in Nāṭṭāṟṟuppōkku by a certain Nārāyaṇapirāṉ-Dēvaṉ of Perumarudūr in Śāḻagrāmam.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0096.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This Vaṭṭeḻuttu inscription of eight short lines is engraved in early characters but owing to the damaged condition of the rock, as well as the peculiar nature of the script, its purport cannot be clearly made out. It is not dated in the reign of any Pāṇḍya king known to epigraphy, but appears, however, to refer to the death of some hero probably in one of the frontier skirmishes, which were frequent events in early, Pāṇḍya history. The writing may be attributed to the 7th century A.D. and may be compared with the label inscription of two lines engraved in the rock-cut cave at Piḷḷaiyārpaṭṭi,1 Ramanathapuram district and another label at Aivarmalai,2 Madurai district.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0097.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is engarved in Vaṭṭeḻuttu characters of the early 9th century A.D. It states that a certain Nambirāṉbhaṭṭa-Sōmāśi-Parivirājakar renovated (pudukkudi) something, which refers evidently to the maṇḍapa, where it is found. Though no king’s name is mentioned, the record may be attributed to the early Pāṇḍya times.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0098.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: The following label inscriptions in Vaṭṭeḻuttu and Tamil characters are engraved below the images of the Jaina gods sculptured in half-relief on the rock near the cavem at Āṉaimalai. They are attributable to about the beginning and end of the 9th century A.D., and as they must have been incised in Pāṇḍya times only, their texts are reproduced below.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0099.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription of Māṟañjaḍaiyaṉ is dated in the 4th year opposite to the 6th, which apparently is a wrong citation for 4+6th year. The Sanskrit ślōka at the beginning states that Paṭṭā, the daughter of Māṟaṉ and the wife of Śaṅkara donated 10 dināra for a lamp to the god Śrīsthalīśa. The Tamil portion records the same fact in greater detail. The brāhmaṇa Mōśi Kaṇḍaṉ Śaṅkaraṉ is stated to be the son fo the kiḻār of Arukandūr and the amount of gift is specified as 10 kāśu. The endowment was left under the protection of Āyiratteḻunūṟṟuvar. What exactly is meant by this name is not clear.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p1i0009.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: The object of the grant is the village of Perumugai (?), i.e., the modern Perumai.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0049.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record in Tamil is dated in the 5th regnal year of Māṟañjaḍaiyaṉ and states that the assembly of Mahēndrakoṭṭūr including Kañjaṉūr agreed to supply 15 kalam of paddy per year measured by eṇṇāḻīkkāl and to arrange for the daily food offerings to god Mahādēva at Tirukkōḍikā, in lieu of 12 kaḻañju of gold received by them from Paramiñakkaṉ of Kāṟaṉūr in Pērāvūr-nāḍu.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p2i0001.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This epigraph, dated in the eleventh year of Māṟañjaḍaiyaṉ records a gift of 30 kaḻañju of gold for a lamp in the temple. It is stated that the original stray stone on which this inscription was engraved, became useless and that this is a copy of the old record (Vide No. 36 of 1930-31)
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv14p2i0002.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary:
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0004.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription records the gift of the village of Śekkaṉūr to the Vellore Temple.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0050.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This rock-inscription is written in bold archaic letters; the lines are irregular and very close to each other. The inscription is dated in the twenty-sixth year of a king called Kaṉṉara-deva, and records that Velūr-pāḍi was given to the temple of Paṉṉapeśvara on the top of the hill of Śūdāḍupārai (Śūdāḍupārai-malai) by Nuḷambaṉ Tribhuvanadhīra, alias Muḍi-melaṉ Śrī-Pallava-Murāri. Another Nuḷambaṉ, the first part of whose name is indistinct on the stone, and who was probably a relation of Nuḷambaṉ Tribhuvanadhīra, seems to have received Velūr-pāḍi together with the hill of Śūdāḍupārai from Vīra-Choḷa. Velūr-pāḍi is probably the same as Velapāḍi, a suburb of Vellore, near which the Bavāji Hill is situated, and which is supposed to be the oldest part of the town.1 Śūdāḍupārai-malai must have been the old name of the Bavāji Hill. It was situated in the north of Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, a division of Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam. The Śiva temple on its top had been founded by, and was called after, a certain Paṉṉappai. Besides the present Tamil inscription, five obliterated Telugu inscriptions are found on the top of the Bavāji Hill. Four of them mention a certain Nallaguruvayya; one of these four inscriptions is dated in Śaka 1539, the Piṅgaḷa year.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0051.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the Pramāthin year, which was the 17th year of Sakalalokachakravartin Śambuvarāya. This date is at variance with that of a Kāñchīpuram inscription, according to which the Vyaya year and the Śaka year 1268 corresponded to the 9th year of Sakalalokachakravartin Rājanārāyaṇa Śambuvarāyar,1 and we must either assume that the 9th year is a misreading for the 24th year, or that the king mentioned at Kāñchīpuram and that of the present inscription are two different persons. The inscription is a receipt for the cost of a kāṇi,2 which a certain Tiruveṅgaḍamuḍaiyāṉ seems to have sold3 to the villagers of Nīlakaṇṭha-chaturvedi-maṅgalam and of Śrī-Mallinātha-chaturvedi-maṅgalam. The first of these two villages was also called Gāṅgeya-nallūr4 (the modern Gāṅganūr) and was situated in Karaivaṛi-Āndi-nāḍu.5
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0052.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is written in archaic characters; it is much obliterated, and incomplete at the end. The date is the twenty-third year of Ko-Vijaya-[Siṁha]vikramavarman. The inscription records a grant to the Vishṇu temple at Kāṭṭuttumbūr, which was probably another name of Śoṛapuram. The temple had been founded by the same person or persons who made the grant. The object granted was a piece of land at Kanakavalli, which, like Kāṭṭuttumbūr itself, belonged to Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, a division of Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0053.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the reign of the mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Vīrapratāpa-Devarāya-mahārāya (of Vijayanagara) and in Śaka 1353, the Sādhāraṇa year. It records that the family (kuḍi) of Māraṇaṉ-uḷḷiṭṭār, which belonged to Pallava-nallūr, was given to the temple at Teḷḷaiyūr (the modern Teḷḷūr), alias Pukkaḷappuram, which belonged to Vaḍapuri-Āndi-nāḍu in Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, a division of Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam in Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Choḷa-maṇḍalam.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0054.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in Śaka 132[8] expired and the Vyaya year current. It is a deed of sale of the revenue in gold and the revenue in rice of one half of the village of Veppambaṭṭu and of the village of Śiṟu-Kaḍambūr. The first-mentioned village belonged to Āndi-nāḍu, a division of Agara-paṟṟu. Both villages are stated to have been granted to the temple of Virūpāksha-deva1 at Veppambaṭṭu by Vīrapratāpa-Bukka-mahārāyar (of Vijayanagara), and the temple itself is said to have been consecrated one year before the date of the inscription in the Pārthiva year, i.e., Śaka 1328 current. This date is puzzling, as it does not agree with other inscriptions, according to which Bukka’s son Harihara II. was reigning in Śaka 1301 and 1321.2 The cost of one half of the first village and of the second village as well as the total are given in kuḷapramāṇas or kuḷas of gold (poṉ) and in paṇas. In line 2 of the south wall another gold standard, called kovai, seems to be mentioned. The numerous signs for fractions, which occur throughout the inscription, are palaeographically interesting.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0055.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated during the reign of Vīrapratāpa-Devarāya-mahārāja (of Vijayanagara) and in the Viśvāvasu year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1347. It refers to a question of the sacred law (dharma) of the Brāhmaṇas, which was settled by the Brāhmaṇas of the kingdom of Paḍaivīḍu, among whom Karṇāṭa, Tamiṛ, Telugu and Lāṭa Brāhmaṇas are mentioned. Their representatives signed an agreement to the effect, that henceforth marriages among their families had only to be concluded by kanyādāna, i.e., that the father had to give his daughter to the bridegroom gratuitously. Both the father who accepted money, and the bridegroom who paid money for the bride, should be subject to punishment by the king and to excommunication from their caste. This practice was evidently adopted on the authority of the canonical works on sacred law, which condemn in strong terms the payment of money for the bride, and use the term āsura-vivāha for a marriage thus concluded. The four forms of marriage permitted to Brāhmaṇas are mere varieties of the marriage by kanyādāna. To the end of the inscription a large number of signatures of Brāhmaṇas are attached. This part of the original is obliterated to such an extent that a satisfactory transcript cannot be given. In some cases, the places where the single Brāhmaṇas came from, are registered. As the identification of these localities might be useful for fixing the extent of the kingdom of Paḍaivīḍu, I subjoin those which may be read with certainty: Kaḷañjiyam, Kamalapādam, Marudam, Maṅgalam, Araiyapāḍi, Kaṇṇamaṅgalam,1 A[ga]tterippaṭṭu, Enādapāḍi. Two other inscriptions mention Guḍiyātam2 and Vallam3 as belonging to the kingdom of Paḍavīḍu4 or Paḍaveḍu.5 The kingdom of Paḍaivīḍu (Paḍaivīṭṭu rājyam) was called after the town of Paḍaivīḍu, now Paḍaveḍu in the Polūr Tālluqa of the North Arcot District.6 According to two Vijayanagara inscriptions, it formed a district of Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam.7 The name Paḍaivīḍu means “an encampment” and seems to owe its origin to a temporary camp of some king, around which a city arose in course of time.8
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0056.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription records that in the Saumya year, which was current after the expiration of Śaka 1471, the pavement of the outer courtyard of the Viriñchipuram Temple was laid by Bommu-nāyaka, who is evidently the same person as Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka or Bomma-nṛipati of Velūr.1 On this occasion, the other inscribed stones which are noticed in part III, must have found their way into the floor of the temple.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0057.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated during the reign of Veṅkaṭapati-deva-mahārāyar1 and in the Nandana year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1514. It records that Periya-Eṟama-nāyaka of Puṉṉāṟṟūr granted a house (maṉai) and some land for a maṭha to Ānanda-Namaśivāya-paṇḍāram. The grant was made at the Mārgasahāyeśvara Temple of Tiru-Viriñchapuram (Viriñchipuram).
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0058.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the twenty-second year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Rājarāja-deva and in the Śaka year 1160. It records the gift of the village of Kumāramaṅgalam, which was situated east of Koṟṟa-maṅgalam, north-west of Aimbūṇḍi— which lay to the north of Poygai, alias Rājendra-Choḷa-nallūr—and south of the Pālaṟu. Aimbūṇḍi is the old name of the modern village of Ammuṇḍi; it occurs also in an Ammuṇḍi inscription, which will be noticed in Part III (No. 131). The Pālāṟu is the well-known Pālār, the chief river of the North Arcot District.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0059.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary:
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0005.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Of this inscription only the date remains, which is the same as in No. 59.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0060.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the twenty-fourth year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Rājarājadeva, and in the Śaka year 1161. It records the gift of the village of Puttūr.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0061.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is a duplicate of No. 61. At the end some words are lost.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0062.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This short inscription refers to the gift of the village of Puttūr, which is also recorded in the two preceding inscriptions.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0063.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the 28th year of Rājarāja-deva, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1165. It records the gift of the village of Attiyūr.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0064.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription records, that a number of people agreed to found a temple, called Okkaniṉṟa-nāyaṉār, and granted to it three velis1 of land belonging to Tiru-Viruñchapuram, i.e., Viriñchipuram, and a tirumaḍaiviḷāgam.2 Okkaniṉṟa-nāyaṉār was evidently the name of the Vakkaṇāpuram Temple, and may be connected with the modern name of the village. A shrine of Chaṇḍeśvara-nāyaṉār,3 the god, who is supposed to preside over the temple treasury, seems to have been attached to the temple. Further, some land was granted to Vaṛittuṇai-nāyaṉār, “the lord who is a companion on the road.” This is the Tamil equivalent of Mārgasahāyeśvara, the name of the Viriñchipuram Temple, which occurs in No. 58. The whole grant was entrusted to a certain Kambavāṇa-bhaṭṭa, whose name also appears among the signatures, which are attached to this document. Among these there are some curious denominations, which show that the villagers were fond of bearing royal names. Thus we find Vīra-Śoṛa-Brahmā-rāyaṉ, Mīṉavarāyaṉ,4 Devarāyaṉ, Nandivarman, Muvendirayaṉ,5 and Chedirāyaṉ. One of the witnesses signs half in Tamil, half in Sanskrit;6 another was called after Śiṟṟambalam7 and a third hailed from Periya-nāḍu.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0065.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the 21st year of Ko-Rāja-Rājakesarivarman, alias Rājarāja-deva, and again (in words) in the twenty-first year of Śoṛaṉ Arumoṛi, the lord of the river Poṉṉi, i.e., of the Kāverī. The greater part of the historical portion of this inscription is identical with that of the two Māmallapuram inscriptions Nos. 40 and 41. Iraṭṭa-pāḍi is, however, omitted from the list of the countries conquered by the king.1 Consequently Rājarāja-deva must have taken possession of Iraṭṭapāḍi between his twenty-first and his twenty-fifth years, the dates of Nos. 66 and 40 respectively. The inscription records that a certain Guṇavīramāmunivaṉ built a sluice, which he called after a Jaina teacher, whose name was Gaṇiśekhara-Maru-Poṟchūriyaṉ.2 The Tirumalai Rock is mentioned under the name Vaigai-malai, “the mountain of Vaigai.” In Nos. 69 and 70, it is called Vaigai-Tirumalai, “the holy mountain of Vaigai.” The name Vaigai seems to be connected with Vaigavūr, the name of the village at the base of the rock, which occurs in Nos. 67 and 68.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0066.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the 12th year of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias Uḍaiyār Rājendra-Choḷa-deva. It opens with a long list of the countries which the king had conquered. Among these we find “the seven and a half lakshas (of revenue) of Iraṭṭapāḍi,” which Rājendra-Choḷa took from Jayasiṁha. This conquest must have taken place between his 7th and 10th years, as another of Rājendra-Choḷa’s inscriptions, which is dated in his 7th year,1 does not mention it, while it occurs in some unpublished Tanjore inscriptions of the 10th year.2 The Jayasiṁha of the present inscription can be no other than the Western Chālukya king Jayasiṁha III. (about Śaka 940 to about 964), who, according to the Miraj grant, “warred against the Chola,”3 and who, in another inscription, is called “the lion to the elephant Rājendra-Choḷa.”4 Consequently, “the seven and a half lakshas. of Iraṭṭapāḍi” have to be taken as a designation of the Chalukyan empire,5 which, in two Eastern Chalukya grants, is called “the Dekhan which yields seven and a half lakshas.”6 As both Rājendra-Choḷa and Jayasiṁha III. boast of having conquered the other, it must be assumed that either the success was on both sides alternately, or that neither of the two obtained a lasting advantage. If, in order to identify Rājendra-Choḷa, the enemy of Jayasiṁha III., we turn to the table of the Eastern Chalukya Dynasty, which is found on page 32, above, we find that he cannot be that Rājendra-Choḍa, who reigned from Śaka 985 to 1034. Undoubtedly, the enemy of Jayasiṁha III. was that Rājendra-Choḍa of the Sūryavaṁśa, whose daughter Ammaṅga-devī was married to the Eastern Chalukya king Rājarāja I.7 (Śaka 944 to 985). He is further identical with that Rājendra-Choḍa, who was the son of Rājarāja of the Sūryavaṁśa, and whose younger sister Kūndavā was married to the Eastern Chalukya king Vimalāditya8 (Śaka 937 (?) to 944). From certain Tanjore inscriptions it can be safely concluded, that he was the successor of his father Rājarāja-deva, whose time I have tried to fix in the introduction of No. 40, above. Rājendra-Choḷa’s name occurs also on the seal of the large Leyden grant, and he is in all probability identical with the Madhurāntaka, i.e., “the destroyer of Madura,” who issued that grant after the death of his father Rājarāja.9 Among the other countries, which Rājendra-Choḷa is said to have conquered, the two first in the list are Iḍaituṟai-nāḍu, i.e., the country of Eḍatore, the head-quarters of a tālluqa in the Maisūr District, and Vaṉavāśi, i.e., Banawāsi in the North Kanara District of the Bombay Presidency. With Koḷḷippākkai compare Kollipāke, which, according to Mr. Fleet,10 was one of the capitals of the Western Chālukya king Jayasiṁha III. Īṛam or Īṛa-maṇḍalam is Ceylon. “The king of the South” (Teṉṉavaṉ) is the Pāṇḍya king. Of him the inscription says, that he had formerly given the crown of Sundara to the king of Ceylon, from whom Rājendra-Choḷa took that crown of Sundara. The name Sundara occurs in the traditional lists of Pāṇḍya kings.11 In the present inscription, the term “the crown of Sundara” seems to be used in the sense of “the crown of the Pāṇḍya king,” and the composer of the historical part of the inscription seems to have known Sundara as a former famous member of the Pāṇḍya dynasty. But no conclusions as to the date of Sundara can be drawn from this mention of his name. The names of the Pāṇḍya king, who was conquered by the king of Ceylon, and of the king of Ceylon, who was conquered by Rājendra-Choḷa, are not mentioned. The inscription further records that Rājendra-Choḷa vanquished the Keraḷa, i.e., the king of Malabar. With Śakkara-koṭṭam, whose king Vikrama-Vīra was defeated by Rājendra-Choḷa, compare Chakrakoṭa, whose lord was conquered by the Western Chālukya king Vikramāditya VI.,12 and Chakragoṭṭa, which was taken by the Hoysaḷa king Vishṇuvardhana.13 Madura-maṇḍalam is the Pāṇḍya country, the capital of which was Madura. Oḍḍavishaya, the country of the Oḍḍas or Oḍras14 and the U-cha of Hiuen-Tsiang,15 is the modern Orissa. Kośalai-nāḍu is Southern Kosala, the Kiao-sa-lo of Hiuen-Tsiang,16 which, according to General Cunningham, corresponds to the upper valley of the Mahānadī and its tributaries.17 Takkaṇalāḍam and Uttiralāḍam are Northern and Southern Lāṭa (Gujarāt). The former was taken from a certain Raṇaśūra. Further, Rājendra-Choḷa asserts that he conquered Vaṅgāḷa-deśa, i.e., Bengal, from a certain Govindachandra and extended his operations as far as the Gaṅgā. The remaining names of countries and kings I have been unable to identify. The inscription mentions Tirumalai, i.e., “the holy mountain,” and records a gift to the temple on its top, which was called Kundavai-Jinālaya, i.e., the Jina temple of Kundavai. According to an Eastern Chalukya grant18 (and an unpublished Chidambaram inscription19), Kūndavā (or Kundavai) was the name of the daughter of Rājarāja of the Sūryavaṁśa, the younger sister of Rājendra-Choḷa, and the queen of the Eastern Chalukya king Vimalāditya. The Tanjore inscriptions mention another, still earlier Kundavai, who was the daughter of the Choḷa king Parāntaka II., the elder sister of the Choḷa king Rājarāja-deva, and the queen of the Pallava king Vandyadeva.20 It seems very probable that it was one of these two queens, viz., either the younger sister or the aunt of the then reigning sovereign Rājendra-Choḷa, who founded the temple on the top of the Tirumalai Rock and called it after herself. As Tirumalai is much closer to the Pallava country, than to the country of the Eastern Chalukyas, we shall scarcely be wrong in attributing the foundation of the temple rather to the king’s aunt, who was a Pallava queen, than to his younger sister, who was married to an Eastern Chalukya king. According to this and the next inscription, the village at the foot of the Tirumalai Hill bore the name of Vaigavūr and belonged to Mugai-nāḍu, a division of Paṅgaḷanāḍu, which formed part of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Choḷa-maṇḍalam. With the text of the subjoined inscription, I have compared four other inscriptions of Rājendra-Choḷa, viz., 1. the inscription No. 68, which is likewise dated in the 12th year; 2. an undated inscription of the Kailāsanātha Temple at Uttaramallūr in the Chingleput District, an impression of which I owe to the kindness of Mr. R.Sewell; 3. an inscription of the Bṛihadīśvara Temple at Tanjore (15th year); and 4. an inscription of the Chidambaram Temple (24th year).
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0067.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Like the preceding inscription, this one is dated in the 12th year of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias Uḍaiyār Rājendra-Choḷa-deva. It records the gift of a lamp to the god of the Tirumalai Temple, who seems to have been called Ārambhanandin, and allots money for the maintenance of this lamp and of another lamp, which had been given by “Śiṇṇavai, the queen of the Pallava king.” Like Kundavai, the queen of the Pallava king Vandyadeva,1 this was probably a Choḷa princess, who was married to a Pallava king.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0068.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the tenth year of Ko-Māṟavarman1 Tribhuvanachakravartin Vīra-Pāṇḍya-deva and records the building of a sluice at Vaigai-Tirumalai.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0069.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary:
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0006.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the 12th year of Rājanārāyaṇa Śambuvarāja1 and records the setting up of a Jaina image on Vaigai-Tirumalai, i.e., on the holy mountain of Vaigai.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0070.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary:
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0071.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: On the right side of the south gōpura of the Viṭṭhalasvāmin temple. Achyutarāya. 1539-40 A.D.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv17p0i0001.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the Ānanda year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1296, and during the reign of Ommaṇa-uḍaiyar, the son of Kambaṇauḍaiyar and grandson of Vīra-Kambaṇa-uḍaiyar.1 Like No. 52, above, the inscription is a receipt for the cost of some land, which a certain Vishṇu-Kambuḷi-nāyaka seems to have bought from the villagers of Śambukula-Perumāḷ-agaram, alias Rājagambhīra-chaturvedi-maṅgalam.2 This village belonged to Murugamaṅgalapaṟṟu3 in Maṇḍaikuḷa-nāḍu, a division of Palakuṉṟa-koṭṭam,4 which formed part of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Choḷa-maṇḍalam. The four last lines, which consist of signatures, have not been transcribed, as they are somewhat obliterated. The following are the readable names of villages, which occur at the beginnings of the different signatures:5—Kumāṇḍūr, Murugappāḍi, Periya-Kāṭṭeri, Vaṅgipp[u]ṟam.
Language: Tamil.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0072.