Texts
Texts database last updated .
This interface allows you to look for texts in the DHARMA collection. The search form below can be used for filtering results. Matching is case-insensitive, does not take diacritics into account, and looks for substrings instead of terms. For instance, the query edit matches "edition" or "meditation". To look for a phrase, surround it with double quotes, as in "old javanese". Searching for strings that contain less than three characters is not possible.
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Documents 1–50 of 268 matching.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: In front of this temple stands a pillar with a rough inscription on its four sides. The south-east face of the pillar contains the name of “the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara rājādhirāja rājaparameśvara, the illustrious Vīra-Ve[ṅka]ṭapati[d]eva-mahārāya” and is dated in the Yuvan year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1557. An inscription of the same Veṅkaṭa II. of Karṇāṭa was published in the Indian Antiquary, Vol. XIII, p. 125. It is dated one year later than the present inscription.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0107.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Medinīśvara Immaḍi-Narasiṁharāyamahārāyar (of Vijayanagara).1
2. Date: Śaka 1418 expired2 and the Rākshasa year current.
3. Donor: Periya-Timmarāśa-uḍaiyar.
4. Remark: The inscription mentions a maṇḍapa, which Eṟama-nāyaka caused to be built at Tiru-Viriñchipuram.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0115.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. Date: the Nandana year (i.e., Śaka 1395).
2. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Medinīśvara Gaṇḍaṉ Kaṭṭā[ri] Sāḷuva Dharaṇivarāha Narasiṁharāya-uḍaiyar (of Vijayanagara).
3. Donee: Uḍaiyar Vaṛittuṇai-nāyaṉār1 of Tiru-Viriñchipuram.
4. Remark: The inscription mentions some nāyaka, the son of another nāyaka; the names of both are obliterated.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0116.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: Sakalalokachakravartin Rājanārāyaṇa.1
2. Remark: The inscription mentions Āndi-nāḍu.2
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0117.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahārājādhirāja, the illustrious Vīrapratāpa-[Achyutadeva]-mahārāyar (of Vijayanagara).1
2. Date: Śaka 1463 expired and the Plava year current.
3. Remark: The inscription mentions Kishṇama-nāyaka and the temple of Uḍaiyar Vaṛittuṇai-nāyaṉār at Tiru-Viriñchipuram.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0118.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Medinīśvara Gaṇḍa Kaṭṭāri Sāḷuva-sāḷuva Narasiṁhadeva (of Vijayanagara).
2. Date: Śaka 1404 expired and the Śubhakṛit year current.
3. Denor: Nāgama-nāyaka.
4. Donee: Uḍaiyār Vaṛittuṇai-nāyaṉār of Tiru-Viruñchapuram.
5. Remark: The inscription mentions the villages of Paśumarattūr and Veppūr.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0119.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. Date: Śālivāhana-Śaka 1457 expired and the Nandana year current.1
2. King: the illustrious mahārājādhirāja-parameśvara Achyutadeva-mahārāyar (of Vijayanagara).
3. Donee: Mārgasahāya-deva2 of Iriñchipuram (!).
4. Remarks: The inscription mentions Śiṟaleri (see No. 123). The grant seems to have consisted of a number of kuṛis of land and to have been made for the benefit of two Brāhmaṇas, Timmappayaṉ and Śaivādirāyar Vasantarāya-guru, who taught the Ṛik-śākhā and Yajuḥ-śākhā respectively. The second donee belonged to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and followed the Bodhāyana-sūtra.3
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0120.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara,1 the illustrious Vīrapratāpa, (the younger brother and successor of) Vīra-Narasiṁha-deva, Kṛishṇadeva-mahārāya (of Vijayanagara).2
2. Date: Śaka 1435 expired and the Śrīmukha year current.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0121.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. Date: Śaka 1432 [expired] and the Pramodūta1 year current.
2. Remark: The name of the king is entirely effaced; but the inscription begins with the same birudas, as were borne by the king Kṛishṇadeva of the inscription No. 121.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0122.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara rājādhirāja rājaparameśvara, the illustrious Achyutadeva-mahārāyar or Achyutarāya (of Vijayanagara).
2. Date: Śaka 1454 expired1and the Nandana year current.
3. Donee: Uḍaiyār Vaṛittuṇai-nāyaṉār or Śrī-Viriñcheśvara.
4. Donor: the karaṇikka (= karaṇam) Vīrappayaṉ or Vīraya, who belonged to the Gautamānvaya.
5. Object of the grant: (a) the village of Śiṟaleri within the boundaries (sīmā) of Kāvanūr;2 (b) the village of Vīraraśūr, excluding the agrahāra of Kīṛai-Vīraraśūr and including the open (i.e., unfortified) place (liṟappu) of Aṅgarāyaṉ-kuppam.3
6. Remark: The inscription mentions the maṇḍapa of Śamburāyaṉ, which may have formed part of the Viriñchipuram temple.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0123.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: On this stone, the name of Śambuvarāya and part of one of his birudas (Aṛagiya) are visible; see the introduction of the Poygai inscriptions (Nos. 59 to 64).
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0129.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Veṅkaṭadeva-mahārāyar.1
2. Date: Śaka 15[2]4 expired and the Śubhakṛit year current.
3. Donor: Bommu-nāyaṉ Nāṅgama-nāyaka,2 i.e., Nāṅgama-nāyaka, the son of Bommu-nāyaka.3
4. Donee: the Vīra Temple at Mariḷiyappaṭṭu.4
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0138.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the Durmati1 year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1554. The third symbol of the Śaka date is not quite clear. There is a mistake either in the Śaka or in the cyclic year, as the only Durmati year of the 16th century corresponded to the current Śaka year 1544. The inscription mentions the temple of Raṅganātha-Perumāḷ at Paḷḷikoṇḍai.2
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0139.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: 1. King: the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara, the illustrious Sadāśivadeva-mahārāyar (of Vijayanagara).1
2. Date: Śālivāhana-Śaka 1489 expired and the Prabhava year current.
3. Donee: the liṅga of Mārgasahāya2 at Tiru-Viriñchapuram.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0140.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: A rough transcript and paraphrase of the subjoined inscription was published as early as 1836 in the Asiatic Researches.1 The original is engraved on a lamp-pillar in front of a Jaina temple at the ruined city of Vijayanagara. The temple is now-a-days styled Gāṇigitti Temple,2 i.e., “the temple of the oil-woman.”3
The inscription consists of 28 Sanskrit verses and commences with an invocation of Jina (verse 1) and of his religion (Jina-śāsana, v. 2). Then follows a pedigree of the spiritual ancestors and pupils of the head of a Jaina school, who was called Siṁhanandin:—
[[genealogical table]] The Mūla-saṁgha. The Nandi-saṁgha. The Balātkāra-gaṇa. The Sārasvata-gachchha. Padmanandin. Dharmabhūshaṇa I., Bhaṭṭāraka. Amarakīrti. Siṁhanandin, Gaṇabhṛit. Dharmabhūsha, Bhaṭṭāraka. Vardhamāna. Dharmabhūshaṇa II., alias Bhaṭṭārakamuni.
The various epithets, which these teachers receive in the inscription, are:—āchārya, ārya, guru, deśika, muni and yogīndra. Other Jaina terms, which occur in the inscription, are:—syādvāda (v. 2.) or anekānta-mata (v. 22), paṭṭa (vv. 11 and 12) and chaityālaya (v. 28).
The pedigree of Jaina teachers is followed by a short account (vv. 15 to 18) of two kings of the first Vijayanagara dynasty, viz., Bukka, who was descended from the race of the Yādava kings, and his son Harihara (II). Harihara’s hereditary minister was the general (daṇḍādhināyaka, vv. 19 and 21; daṇḍanātha, v. 20) Chaicha or Chaichapa. Chaicha’s son, the general (daṇḍeśa, vv. 21, 22 and 28) or prince (kshitīśa v. 23; dharaṇīśa, v. 24) Iruga or Irugapa, adhered to the doctrine of the above-mentioned Jaina teacher Siṁhanandin (v. 24). In Śaka 1307 [expired],4 the cyclic year Krodhana (lines 36 f.), Iruga built a stone-temple of Kunthu-Jinanātha (v. 28) at Vijayanagara (v. 26). This city belonged to Kuntala, a district of the Karṇāṭa country (v. 25).
Through my assistant I received a copy,—printed with a Telugu commentary in the Rudhirodgāri-saṁvatsara (i.e., 1863-64 A.D.),—of a Sanskrit kośa, entitled Nānārtharatnamālā and composed by Irugapa-daṇḍādhinātha or, as he calls himself in the opening verses, Iruga-daṇḍeśa. Dr. Oppert5 mentions a large number of MSS. of the same work. Dr. Aufrecht6 describes three inferior MSS. of it and states that, according to one of these, its composer lived under a king Harihara. This notice enables us to identify the author of the Nānārtharatnamālā with the general Iruga or Irugapa of the subjoined inscription.
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0152.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Next to No. 152, this is the oldest dated inscription at Vijayanagara. It is engraved on both sides of the north-west entrance of a ruined Jaina temple, which is situated to the south-west of the temple No. 35 on the Madras Survey Map. A careless transcript and paraphrase in the Asiatic Researches1 has been useful so far as it enabled Mr. R.Sewell to complete the pedigree of the first Vijayanagara dynasty in his Lists of Antiquities.2
The inscription is written in large and handsome characters, which are, however, considerably obliterated in consequence of the usual coating with chunnam. It records, in Sanskrit, prose and verse, that in the Parābhava year, which was current after the expiration of the Śāka year 1348 (line 25), king Devarāja II. built a stone-temple (chaityālaya or chaityāgāra) of the Arhat Pārśvanātha (l. 5) or Pārśva-Jineśvara (l. 27) in a street (vīthi) of the Pān-supārī Bāzār (Kramuka-parṇāpaṇa, l. 4, or Parṇa-pūgīphalāpaṇa, l. 25) at his residence Vijayanagara (l. 4) or Vijayanagarī (l. 6), which belonged to the Karṇāṭa country (ll. 4 and 6).
The chief value of the inscription consists in the pedigree, which it gives no less than three times,3 of the first Vijayanagara dynasty:—
1. Bukka (ll. 1, 9, 24) of the race of Yadu (Yadu-kula, l. 8, or Yādavānvaya, l. 1).
2. His son, Harihara (II.) (ll. 2, 10, 24), mahārāja (l. 2).
3. His son, Devarāja (I.) (ll. 2, 13, 24).
4. His son, Vijaya (ll. 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24) or Vīra-Vijaya (l. 2).
5. His son, Devarāja (II.) (ll. 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24), Abhinava-Devarāja (ll. 3 f.), or Vīra-Devarāja (l. 16), mahārāja (l. 4), rājādhirāja, rājaparameśvara, etc. (ll. 3 and 23).
In the subjoined genealogical table of the first or Yādava dynasty of Vijayanagara, the names of the father and of the elder brother of Bukka and those Śaka dates, for which no references are given in the foot-notes, are taken from Mr. Fleet’s table of the same dynasty.4
[[genealogical table]] [[L1C1]] Saṁgama. [[L2C1]] Harihara I. (Śaka 1261.5) [[L2C2]] Bukka. (Śaka 1276 [current], 1277, 1278, 1290.) [[L3C1]] Harihara II. (Śaka 1301, 1307,6 1317,7 1321.) [[L4C1]] Devarāja I. (Śaka 1332, 1334.) [[L5C1]] Vijaya.8 [[L6C1]] Devarāja II. (Śaka 1346, 1347, 1348, 1353 [current], 1371.9)
During the reign of Devarāja II. the city of Vijayanagara was visited by ‘Abdu’rrazzāq as an ambassador of Sult6ān Shāh Rukh of Samarkand, a son of the great Tīmūr. ‘Abdu’r-razzāq informs us, that he stayed at Bījānagar (Vijayanagara), the capital of Deo Rāī (Devarāja II.), from the close of Z6u’l-ḥijja A.H. 846 = end of April A.D. 1443 to the 12th Sha’bān A.H. 847 = 5th December A.D. 1443.10 An English translation of his own account of his journey is included in Elliot and Dowson’s History of India.11 Curiously enough, the whole is also incorporated with slight alterations in Galland’s translation of the Thousand and One Nights, where it forms part of the Story of Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Parī Bānū. This is one of the twelve doubtful stories, the originals of which are not found in the existing Arabic MSS. of the Nights. The late Professor Weil12 was of opinion, that they were probably contained in the fourth volume of the Paris MS., which was lost after Galland’s death; and two of the missing stories have since been actually recovered by M. Zotenberg.13 In ‘Abdu’r-razzāq’s account of Vijayanagara, we possess the dated original, from which part of the Story of Prince Aḥmad was taken. In the absence of works of reference, I cannot say if this fact,—which furnishes us with a terminus a quo for the compilation of that story,—has been noticed before.
According to ‘Abdu’r-razzāq,14 Devarāja II. issued the following coins:—I. Gold: (1) varāha; (2) partāb = (1/2) varāha; (3) fanam = (1/10) partāb. II. Silver: tār = (1/6) fanam. III. Copper: jītal = (1/3) tār. Pagodas or varāhas with the legend śrīpratāpadevarāya, which on some copies is corrupted into śrīpratāpadāvarāya, are described by Dr. Bidie,15 who also figures a pagoda of Bukka.16The name partāb, which ‘Abdu’r-razzāq attributes to the half pagoda, is probably connected with the surname Pratāpa, which occurs before the names of Vijayanagara kings both on coins and in inscriptions. Dr. Bain of Bangalore possesses a half pagoda17 with the legend śrīpratāpadovarāya (sic) and of the same type as the corresponding pagoda. Two quarter pagodas in my cabinet have on the obverse an elephant which faces the left, and on the reverse the legend śrīdevarāya. No fanam or silver coin with Devarāja’s name has been hitherto discovered. Copper coins of Devarāja are very common in the South-Indian bāzārs. They have on the obverse a bull or an elephant, and on the reverse the legends śrīdevarāya, pratāpadevarāya, rāyagajagaṁḍabheruṁḍa, or śrīnīlakaṁṭha.18
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0153.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is engraved on a rock not far from the summit of the fort of Gutti (Gooty) in the Anantapur District1 and consists of one verse in the Sragdharā metre. At the time of the inscription, the fort of Gutti (Gutti-durga) belonged to king Bukka. By this, the well-known king of the first dynasty of Vijayanagara, whose inscriptions range between Śaka 1276 [current] and 1290 [expired],2 seems to be meant.
Besides the subjoined inscription, the fort of Gutti bears three very rough rock-inscriptions in Kanarese of Tribhuvanamalladeva, i.e., of the Western Chālukya king Vikramāditya VI., surnamed Tribhuvanamalla. The dates of two of them, which I succeeded in making out, are recorded in the new era started by Vikramāditya VI., the Chāḷukya-Vikrama-varsha, which, according to Mr. Fleet,3 began with the king’s accession in Śaka 997 [expired]. The two inscriptions are dated in the 46th and 47th years, which corresponded to the cyclic years Plava and Śubhakṛit, i.e., Śaka 1043 and 1044 [expired] or A.D. 1121-22 and 1122-23.
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0154.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This record dated in the 10th year of Vijaya-Kampavikramavarman states that, when the army of Pirudi-Gaṅgaraiyar was stationed at Kāvaṉṉūr in Miyāṟu-nāḍu, a subdivision of Paḍuvūr-kōṭṭam, the kāvidi ‘who took Perunagar’ and who was also a soldier of Vāṇaraiyar opposed it and fell in the encounter.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0101.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This epigraph consisting of a Sanskrit verse, states that the (cave) temple on the hill was executed by the order of king Narēndra alias Śatrumalla and named ‘Śatrumallēśvarālaya.’ Mahēndravarman I had the title ‘Śatrumalla’ and according to the present inscription he had also the biruda ‘Narēndra’. It may be pointed out here that the Vāyalūr inscription gives the epithet ‘Narēndrasiṁha’ to Rājasiṁha; but the simpler and earlier style of the Daḷavāṉūr temple, however, precludes its assignment to the time of this king.
This cave temple is described in the Memoir of the Archaeological Survey of India, No. 17, pages 12-13.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0010.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription engraved in the Pallava-Grantha script, gives the oft-quoted verse enumerating the ten incarnations of Vishṇu.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0116.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is an imprecatory verse1 engraved in Pallava-Grantha characters. It is also found in the concluding portion of some of the inscriptions at Mahābalipuram but sometimes with the substitute Vishṇuḥ for Rudrah, cursing ‘those in whose hearts does not dwell Rudra (Śiva), the deliverer from the walking on the evil path’. In Mahābalipuram this verse is found at three other places, viz., the Gaṇēśa temple and the Dharmarāja and Rāmānuja maṇḍapas.2 The characters employed in all these cases are of the florid variety.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0117.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription in Tamil verse states that Narēndrapōttaraiyaṉ constructed, to the south of Veṇbēḍu, a Śiva temple called Śatrumallēśvarālaya.1 The composer of the verse was Brammamaṅgalavaṉ Śellaṉ Śivadāsaṉ, a native of the village.
It may be noted that the Tamil characters in which this inscription is engraved are not so archaic as to be attributed to the period of Mahēndravarman I, but could be assigned to the 9th century A.D. It is, therefore, probable that this Tamil translation in verse of the previous record was composed by a local poet of the 9th century and was got engraved on the same pillar of the cave.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0011.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription consists of 5 Tamil verses addressed to Sakalabhuvanachakravarttin Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva, surnamed Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ who is said, in the preliminary prose passage, to have defeated the Chōḷa king at Teḷḷāṟu and to have taken possession of his country after depriving his adversary of all his royal insignia and imprisoning him with his ministers. In the body of the record, Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva is called Avaninārāyaṇa, patron of Tamil, Kāḍava, Toṇḍaimaṉṉavaṉ, Nṛipatuṅga, Tribhuvanatti-Rājākkaḷ-Tambirāṉ, Mallaivēndaṉ, etc. The verses extol his prowess, fame, victory over the Chōḷas, Pāṇḍyas and the Kannaḍas and his abiding devotion to the god at Chidambaram.
Teḷḷāṟu may be identified with the village of the same name in the Wandiwash taluk of the North Arcot district. In one record,1 this village is included in Siṁhaporuda-vaḷanāḍu (i.e.,) the Vaḷanāḍu where Siṁha, probably Kōpperuñjiṅga, fought.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0128.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is an important inscription in Sanskrit verse which states that the rock-cut shrine was caused to be made by king Vichitrachitta for the enshrinement of the three gods Brahmā, Īśvara and Vishṇu, without the use of bricks, timber, metal and mortar. Since from Pallava inscriptions we know that Mahēndravarman I had the biruda ‘Vichitra-chitta’ (i.e.) curious or fancy-minded, this cave must have been excavated by him.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0012.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: Like the Mahēndravāḍi and Śīyamaṅgalam labels of the Pallava king Mahēndravarman I, the birudas of Narasiṁhavarman I are engraved in Pallava-Grantha characters on the Dharmarāja-ratha. As usual, the list of surnames commences with the actual name of the king Śrī-Narasiṁha. The birudas give an indication of the king’s power, wealth, valour, personal charm, ambition, liberality etc. As the temple is called ‘Atyantakāma-Pallavēśvaragṛiham’ in a label engraved in florid characters resembling those found in the Gaṇēśa rock-cut temple in the same village attributable to Paramēśvaravarman I, it may be presumed that the work on this ‘ratha’ was continued in the reign of Paramēśvaravarman and also in that of his son Rājasiṁha, considering the architectual evolution noticeable here from the simple rockcut cave temple of Mahēndravarman I’s time. This ratha is described in the Memoir of the Archaeological Survey of India, No. 33, p. 25 ff.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0015.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a damaged record engraved in Tamil characters, belonging to Narasiṅgappōttaraśar ‘who took Vātāpi (Bādāmi)’ and it mentions the god of ‘Mūlasthāna on the hill.’ The Mūlasthāna temple, according to a record1 of Rājakēsarivarman Āditya I, existed from the time of Skandaśishya whose endowment to it was confirmed by Vātāpikoṇḍa Narasiṁhavarman. Skandaśishya may be identified with Skandasēna the excavator of the cave at Vallam in the Chingleput district. The rock-cut maṇḍapa where the present inscription is found, is described in detail in the Epigraphical Report for 1909, page 72 and in the Memoir of the Archaeological Survey of India, No. 17, pages 19-21.
It may be pointed out here that this is the third early Pallava inscription engraved in Tamil characters, so far known, the other two being those found in the caves at Vallam in the Chingleput district,2 and at Tirumayyam in the Pudukkottai State.3
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0016.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This label in Pallava-Grantha characters reads ‘Śrī-Siṁhaviṇṇa-pōttrāthirājan’. It is engraved above a group of sculptures representing a king seated on a cushioned stool and flanked by two standing images of his queens. On a consideration of the palaeography of this label, the late Mr. Krishna Sastri concluded that the king represented here was Narasiṁhavishṇu, ‘the conqueror of Vātāpi’. Subsequent writers have, however, identified him with Siṁhavishṇu, the father of Mahēndravarman I. But the name Paramēśvara-Mahāvarāha-Vishṇugṛiha applied to this cave in a record of the Chōḷa king Rājēndradēva, proves clearly that it is connected with Paramēśvaravarman I. Since a statue of Mahēndravarman in a standing posture pointing to his two queens the deity inside the newly excavated cave is also found here, it may be inferred that the work on this cave was started by him. If so Paramēśvaravarman after whom the cave was called, must have completed the work started by his predecessor. The statues found in this cave may, therefore, be taken to represent Narasiṁhavishṇu, ‘the Conqueror of Vātāpi’ and his son Mahēndravarman II.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0017.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This label, also in Pallava-Grantha characters, gives the name ‘Śrī-Mahēndra-Pōttrāthirājan’. The niche contains the standing image of a king accompanied by his two queens. It has been stated above that the king may be identified with Mahēndravarman II.
Published, Ibid.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0018.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a label inscription in Pallava-Grantha characters giving the name of the temple as ‘Atyantakāma-Pallavēśvara-gṛiham’. Since the script of this label approximates closely to that of No. 20 below, but differs from that of the other labels in the same ‘ratha’, Atyantakāma referred to here may be taken as a biruda of Paramēśvaravarman I. The Dharmarāja-ratha is described in the Memoir of the Archaeological Survey of India, No. 33, pp. 25 ff.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0019.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This Sanskrit charter issued by the king Mahārāja Vijaya-Skandavarman, on the 13th day of the third fortnight of winter in the 33rd year, from the royal camp Tāmbrāpa, registers the grant of the village Ōṁgōḍu-grāma in the Karmmā-rāshṭra as a sāttvika-gift (i.e. without any motive) to Gōlaśarman of the Kāśyapa-gōtra, a student of two Vēdas and well versed in the six Aṅgas. The king’s genealogy is traced from his great-grandfather Kumāravishṇu whose son and grandson were Skandavarman and Vīravarman respectively.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0001.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is also engraved in the same script as the above and consists of 11 verses in Sanskrit praising the king Atyantakāma who built this temple for Śiva and called it ‘Atyantakāma-Pallavēśvara-gṛiham,’ after his surname. Atyantakāma is here given the birudas, Śrīnidhi, Śrībhara, Raṇajaya, Taruṇāṅkura, Kāmarāga, etc. From the ślēsha used in the epithets Chitramāya, Guṇabhājana, Svastha, Niruttara and Paramēśvara which are applicable both to Śiva and the king, the late Dr. Hultzsch concluded that the actual name of the king was Paramēśvara and that he was identical with Paramēśvaravarman I.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0020.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is identical in contents with the previous record and proves that the cave temple now called ‘Dharmarāja-maṇḍapa’ was originally a shrine dedicated to Śiva. It was called ‘Atyantakāma-Pallavēśvara-gṛiham’, after one of the surnames of Paramēśvaravarman. As from the style1 of its architecture, this maṇḍapa may be assigned to Mahēndravarman I’s time, it is probable, as also suggested by Mr. A.H.Longhurst (Memoir of the Archl. Sur. No. 33, page 10), that the present inscription was incised later by Paramēśvaravarman I who probably completed it.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0021.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription consists of the imprecatory verse found at the end of the two previous inscriptions (Nos. 20 and 21 above) and engraved in florid characters, similar to those used in the ‘Gaṇēśa’ temple. It is, therefore, possible that the rock-cut cell which may have been excavated during the time of the Pallava king Paramēśvāravarman I or a little earlier, was originally intended to be a temple for Śiva.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0022.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription in Pallava-Grantha characters reads ‘Śrī-Vāmāṅkuśa’. It is not known to whom this title is to be attributed.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0023.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription which consists of seven Sanskrit verses engraved in Pallava-Grantha characters, records that the cave temple was constructed by king Atiraṇachaṇḍa and that it was called ‘Atiraṇachaṇḍēśvara’ after his surname. Three of the verses in the present record are also found in Nos. 20 and 21 above and contain the birudas: Atyantakāma, Śrīnidhi, Kāmarāga and Śrībhara. Other surnames of the king were Raṇajaya, Anugraśīla, Kālakāla, Samara-Dhanaṁjaya and Saṁgrāmadhīra. Since most of these epithets including Atiraṇachaṇḍa are also applied to Rājasiṁha in his inscription at Conjeeveram,1 the present record may be assigned to him. Dr. Hultzsch took Atiraṇachaṇḍa as a title of Nandivarman Pallavamalla,2 but considering the palaeography and the architectural style of the maṇḍapa, it seems better to take it as referring to Rājasiṁha.3
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0024.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: In this damaged inscription the regnal year is lost. Some of the inscribed slabs are also missing. It seems to record the gift of a garden, free of taxes, in Ākkūr, to the Paḍimattār of the temple of Mahāśāstaṉ Peruvēmbuḍaiyār by (the authorities) of the temple of Tiruttōṇipuramuḍaiyār.
Languages: Tamil, Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0253.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a Nāgarī copy of the first six verses of the previous inscripition.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0025.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is engraved in florid Pallava-Grantha characters in the form of a helix on a cubical pillar of the Pallava type, supporting the gōpura in front of the temple. The pillar seems to have belonged to some other temple in the vicinity. Of Pallava structural monuments in the Chingleput district, only those at Mahābalipuram and Conjeeveram are known. The pillars at Vāyalūr and Tiruppōrūr1 suggest the existence of other such monuments in the district.
The present record purports to give the genealogy of Pallava kings from Brahmā down, through fifty-four generations, to king Rājasiṁha. The last verse of the inscription suggests that it was intended to perpetuate the accession of Rājasiṁha (Narasiṁha II) to the throne.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0026.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a damaged record consisting of six Sanskṛit verses in praise of the Pallava king Rājasiṁha or Narēndrasiṁha Atyantakāma who is given a number of epithets which help to identify him with Narasiṁha II. The Shore Temple at Mahābalipuram and the Tāḷapurisvara temple at Panamalai are representative of the type of architecture that prevailed in the time of Narasimha.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0028.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This incomplete record in florid Pallava-Grantha characters gives the praśasti of king Rājasiṁha, son of Ēkamalla i.e. Paramēśvara I. From the existence of this inscription and of another consisting of a single Sanskrit verse which is identical with the last verse of the Kailāsanātha inscription of Rājasiṁha (South Indian Inscriptions, Vol. I, No. 24) and with the 3rd verse of the Shore Temple inscription of the same king at Mahābalipuram (No. 28 above), it may be presumed that the temple of Tāḷapurīśvara was constructed during his reign, A photo-litho of this record is given in the Epigraphical Report for 1916, facing page 114.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0029.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a Sanskrit copper-plate record issued from Kāñchīpura in the 2nd year of the reign of the Pallava king, Mahārāja Kumāravishṇu (III) who was the son of Mahārāja Buddhavarman, the grandson of Mahārāja Kumāravishṇu (II) and the great-grandson of Mahārāja Skandavarman. The genealogy1 adopted by Rao Bahadur Krishnamacharlu is here followed. The two previous kings of the name Kumāravishṇu were the father and son of Skandavarman. The object of the present grant is to record the royal gift of a field in the village Chendalūra in Kavachakārabhōga, a subdivision of Kammāṅka-rāshṭra, to a Brāhmaṇa named Bhavaskandatrāta of the Kauṇḍinya-gōtra and the Chhandōga-sūtra.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0002.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a single Sanskrit verse which is identical with the last verse of Rājasiṁha’s inscription1 round the Rājasiṁhēśvara shrine in the Kailāsanātha temple at Conjeeveram. It is a benedictory verse wishing long rule for Rājasiṁha, who has the birudas: Raṇajaya, Śrībhara, Chitrakārmuka, Ēkavīra, and Śivachūḍāmaṇi.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0030.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This copper-plate charter in Grantha and Tamil characters was found at Kaśākuḍi near Kāraikāl in French India. It is dated in the 22nd year of Nandivarman II, also known as Pallavamalla, Kshatriyamalla, Nayadhīra, and Śrīdhara, and records a gift made by the king, at the request of his minister Brahmaśrīrāja, of the village Koḍukoḷḷi which was later surnamed as Ēkadhīramaṅgalam,1 to a Brāhmaṇa named Jyēshṭapāda-Sōmayājin of the Bhāradvāja-gōtra residing at Pūniya in Toṇḍāka-rāshṭra.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0033.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the 52nd year of Vijaya-Nandivarman. It records the death of Gaṅgadiyaraiyar Kaṉṉāḍu Peruṅgaṅgar, (the chief) of Kaṟkāṭṭūr, who at the instance of his uncle (māmaḍi), the Bāṇa chief, fought on the occasion of the Pallava invasion against Perumānaḍigaḷ (i.e. the Western Gaṅga king), when (the fortress of) Peṇkuḻikkōṭṭai was destroyed. From the high regnal year quoted in the inscription, the king may be identified with Nandivarman Pallavamalla.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0035.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is an incomplete copper-plate record from Taṇḍantōṭṭam near Kumbhakōṇam in the Tanjore district, dated in the 58th year of Nandivarman (II). It is engraved in Grantha and Tamil characters and registers the gift of the village Dayāmukhamaṅgalam, named after the donor Dayāmukha, to 308 learned Brahmans with additional provision for worship in the Śiva and Vishṇu temples of the village and for reciting the Mahābhārata in the temple hall. The praśasti in the grant was drawn up by Paramēśvara surnamed Uttara-kāraṇika. The seal of this record is published on plate VII for the first time now.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0036.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: PAṬṬATTĀḶMAṄGALAM GRANT OF NANDIVARMAN: 61ST YEAR.
Like the previous record, this is also engraved in Grantha and Tamil characters. It is dated in the 61st year of Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman and registers a grant of 16 vēli of land which, together with the 24 vēli granted previously, was constituted into a village under the name Paṭṭattāḷmaṅgalam and given to a number of Brāhmaṇas at the instance of Maṅgala-Nāḍāḻvāṉ, an officer of the king. The ājñapti of the grant viz., Vijayanalluḻāṉ of Ālappākkam is identical with the person of the same name figuring in an inscription of Nandivarman at Tiruveḷḷaṟai1 in the Trichinopoly district. The engraver of the grant was Śrī-Daṇḍi, son of Viḍēlviḍugu Pallavap-peruntachchaṉ of Aimpaṉaichchēri in Kachchippēḍu.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0037.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription is dated in the 65th year of Nandibōdhuvarman (Nandippōttavarman) who belonged to the Pallava-vaṁśa. It registers a gift of pasture land by Iḍaivaḻañjāṉ Kaṇḍaṉ, one of the Nagarattār of Māmallapuram, after purchasing it from Kōṉ-Kaṇḍaṉ, son of Iḷan Paduvuṇār, the headman of Kuṉṟattūr in Āmūr-kōṭṭam. The villages of Kuṉṟattūr and Āmūr are near Mahābalipuram in the Chingleput district.
The regnal year given in this record is the highest known date for Nandivarman (II).
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0038.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is a Sanskrit charter issued by Dharmamahārāja Siṁhavarman1 of the Bhāradvāja-gōtra, in his 4th year, in the month of Vaiśākha, śukla-paksha, pañchamī, registering a gift of the village Ōṁgōḍu in Karmmā-rāshṭra to the scholar Dēvaśarman, a resident of Kuṇḍūr, who belonged to the Kāśyapa-gōtra and Chhandōga-sūtra. As the same village was the object of grant in the previous charter of Vijaya-Skandavarman,2 it is possible that that donee, Gōlaśarman had probably died without issue and thus necessitated its reconferment on Dēvaśarman of the Kāśyapa-gōtra, who was probably a member of the collateral branch of the original donee’s family.
The king is stated to have been the son of Yuva-Mahārāja Vishṇugōpa, grandson of Mahārāja Skandavarman and great-grandson of Mahārāja Vīravarman.
As the characters in which the record is incised are later, i.e., of about the 7th century A.D., it has been surmised that it is a later copy of an earlier document.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0003.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This inscription records the construction of a well called Mārppiḍugu1-peruṅkiṇaṟu at Teṉṉūr in Tiruveḷḷaṟai by Kambaṉ Araiyaṉ, the younger brother of Viśayanalluḻāṉ of Ālambākkam, in the 4th year of Dantivarman. The well is designed in the form of a svastikā and it is reached by a flight of steps from each of the four directions.
Published in Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XI, p. 157.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0040.
Emmanuel Francis.
Summary: This is dated in the 5th year of Vijaya-Dantipōttaraiyar and records the construction of a tank called ‘Vāli-ēri’ by Vāli-Vaḍugaṉ alias Kalimūrkka-Iḷavaraiyaṉ, a servant of Māṟppiḍuviṉār alias Pēradi-Araiyar.
Language: Undetermined.
Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).
DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0041.