Texts

Texts database last updated .

This interface allows you to look for texts in the DHARMA collection. The search form below can be used for filtering results. Matching is case-insensitive, does not take diacritics into account, and looks for substrings instead of terms. For instance, the query edit matches "edition" or "meditation". To look for a phrase, surround it with double quotes, as in "old javanese". Searching for strings that contain less than three characters is not possible.

Per default, all metadata fields are searched (except "lang", see below). Metadata fields are (for now): "title", "editor", "editor_id", "author", "summary", "lang", "repo", "ident". You can restrict search to a specific field by using a field prefix, as in editor:manu or title:"critical edition". Several clauses can be added successively, separated with whitespace. In this case, for a document to be considered a match, all query clauses must match. Try for instance editor:manu title:stone.

Note the use of quotation marks: the query editor:"emmanuel francis" matches all documents edited by Emmanuel Francis, but the query editor:emmanuel francis matches all documents edited by someone called Emmanuel and that also include the name Francis in any metadata field.

The "lang" field is special. If you look for a string that contains two or three letters only, as in lang:en or lang:san, it is assumed to refer to an ISO 639 language code, and an exact comparison is performed. If you look for a string longer than that, it is assumed to refer to a language name and the above-mentioned substring matching technique will be used instead. You can consult a table of languages here.

Documents 651–700 of 2416 matching.

SII 1.126: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. ON STONES BUILT INTO THE FLOOR OF THE COURT-YARD OF THE VIRIÑCHIPURAM TEMPLE. No. 126.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is dated in the third (?) year of Madirai-koṇḍa Ko-Parakesarivarman.1

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0126.

SII 1.127: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. ON STONES BUILT INTO THE FLOOR OF THE COURT-YARD OF THE VIRIÑCHIPURAM TEMPLE. No. 127.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The stone, which bears the subjoined inscription, is unfortunately very much worn. The text, as far as it can be made out, runs as follows: [[see below]] An inscription of the same Rājendra-deva, which is dated in the ninth year and is found in a niche of the Varāhasvāmin Temple at Māmallapuram, was published by Sir Walter Elliot.1 He identified Āhavamalla with the Western Chālukya king Āhavamalla II. or Someśvara I. (about Śaka 964 to about 990), who, according to inscriptions2 and according to the Vikramāṅkacharita (sarga i, verses 90, 115, 116), fought with the Choḷas. The Rājendra-deva of the present inscription and of Sir Walter Elliot’s inscription may be identified with that Rājendra-deva of the Sūryavaṁśa, whose daughter Madhurāntakī was married to the Eastern Chalukya king Rājendra-Choḍa (Śaka 985 to 1034) according to verse 12 of the Chellūr grant (No. 39).3

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0127.

SII 1.128: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. ON STONES BUILT INTO THE FLOOR OF THE COURT-YARD OF THE VIRIÑCHIPURAM TEMPLE. No. 128.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription mentions Sakalalokachakravartin Rājanārāyaṇa Śambuvarāya[ṉ]1 and seems to record a gift to Vaṛittuṇai-appaṉ.2

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0128.

SII 1.130: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 130-132. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE ĪŚVARA TEMPLE AT AMMUṆḌI NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. No. 130.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The southern wall of this temple is covered with several Choḷa inscriptions. None of them can be made out completely, as the letters are much obliterated, and as the stones are, to all appearance, not in their original order. This is dated “in the 11th (?) year of Ko-Rājakesarivarman, alias Chakravartin Śrī-Kulottuṅga-Śoṛa-deva.”

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0130.

SII 1.131: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 130-132. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE ĪŚVARA TEMPLE AT AMMUṆḌI NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. No. 131.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is engraved to the right of No. 130 and may have been intended for its continuation. It records a gift of land from the inhabitants of Aimbūṇḍi (the modern Ammuṇḍi)1 to their Śiva temple, which bore the name of Muppaṉaiyīśvara. The gift was made before the god Ādidāsa Chaṇḍeśvara-deva.2

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0131.

SII 1.132: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 130-132. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE ĪŚVARA TEMPLE AT AMMUṆḌI NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. No. 132.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is dated “in the 10th (?) year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Koṉeri Meṉ-koṇḍa Kulottuṅga-Śoṛa-deva.” The donor was Śeṅgeṇi-Ammaiyappa . . . . Perumāḷ, alias Vikrama-Śoṛa-Śambuvarāyaṉ.1

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0132.

SII 1.133: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 133. ON THE RIGHT OF THE FRONT WALL OF A MAṆḌAPA AT KAṚAṈIPĀKKAM NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. A Telugu translation of this inscription is ongraved on the loft.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is dated during the reign of Vīra-Veṅkaṭapatirāyar and in the Śrīmukha year. This is Śaka 1556, two years before No. 107 and three years before an inscription of Veṅkaṭa II. published in the Indian Antiquary, Vol. XIII, p. 125. The inscription records that Govindappa-nāyaka caused the maṇḍapa to be built and allotted some land in Kaṛaṉipākkam for the maṇḍapa, which was to be used as a watershed and sattram.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0133.

SII 1.134: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 134-137. INSCRIPTIONS AT KĪṚ-MUṬṬUGŪR NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. No. 134.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: At this village, there are four stones with sculptures and rough inscriptions. The sculptures are the following:—on stone No. 134, a man with a bow; on stone No. 135, an elephant and a bird; on stone No. 136, an armed man; and on stone No. 137, a man fighting with a tiger. This and the next inscription are dated in the third and eighteenth year, respectively, of Ko-Vijaya-Narasiṁhavarman.1

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0134.

SII 1.135: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 134-137. INSCRIPTIONS AT KĪṚ-MUṬṬUGŪR NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. No. 135.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0135.

SII 1.136: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 134-137. INSCRIPTIONS AT KĪṚ-MUṬṬUGŪR NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. No. 136.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This and the next inscription are dated in the twenty-ninth and thirty-second year, respectively, of Madirai-koṇḍa Ko-Parakesarivarman.1

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0136.

SII 1.137: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 134-137. INSCRIPTIONS AT KĪṚ-MUṬṬUGŪR NEAR VIRIÑCHIPURAM. No. 137.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0137.

SII 1.141: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 141. INSIDE THE GOPURA AT TIRUMALAI NEAR POLŪR, ON THE BASE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The inscription is a fragment, dated in some year of Rājarāja-deva.1 In the second line the word Śoṛa-koṉ, “the Choḷa king,” occurs.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0141.

SII 1.142: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 142. ON THE BASE OF THE SOUTH WALL OF THE AMMAIAPPEŚVARA TEMPLE AT PAḌAVEḌU.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The beginning of both lines of this inscription is buried underground. From that part, which I have copied, it appears that the inscription refers to some gift (mānya, i.e., sarvamānya). At the beginning of the second line, the word paḍaivīḍu occurs in the plural and seems to be used in the sense of “encampments.”1 The inscription ends with “the signature of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śoṛa-Brahmā-rāyaṉ”; the same name is borne by a villageaccountant in a Tirumalai inscription.2

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0142.

SII 1.143: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 143. ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE SOMANĀTHEŚVARA TEMPLE AT PAḌAVEḌU.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is an incorrect duplicate of the first four lines of No. 81, above.

Languages: Tamil, Undetermined.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0143.

SII 1.145: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 144-150. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE KAILĀSANĀTHA TEMPLE AT KĀÑCHĪPURAM. No. 145. ON THE FLOOR OF THE RĀJASIṀHAVARMEŚVARA SHRINE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: Each line of this inscription is incomplete at the end. It is dated during the reign of Madirai-koṇḍa Ko-Parakesari[varman].1 Line 2 mentions “the holy stone-temple” (Tirukkaṟṟaḷi), i.e., the Rājasiṁhavarmeśvara Temple.2 According to lines 3 and 4, the inscription seems to have recorded an agreement made by the inhabitants of two quarters (śeri) of Kachchippeḍu (i.e., Kāñchīpuram), of which the second was called Ekavīrappāḍichcheri and the name of the first also ended in ppāḍichcheri. The term paḷḷichchandam3 occurs in line 5.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0145.

SII 1.146: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 144-150. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE KAILĀSANĀTHA TEMPLE AT KĀÑCHĪPURAM. No. 146. ON THE ROOF OF THE MAHĀMAṆḌAPA OF THE RĀJASIṀHAVARMEŚVARA SHRINE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This fragment is dated in the twelfth year of Ko-Rāja-Rājakesarivarman, “who built a jewel (-like) hall at Kāndaḷūr.” The mention of Kāndaḷūr shows, that the king has to be identified with that Rājarāja-deva, who caused the inscriptions Nos. 40, 41 and 66 to be engraved, and that he built the hall at Kāndaḷūr before his twelfth year. The inscription seems to have recorded, that the assembly (sabhā) of some village pledged themselves, to furnish a yearly supply of paddy to the temple-treasurers (Śiva-paṇḍārigaḷ) from the interest of a sum of money,1 which they had received from “the large holy stone-temple, alias Rājasiṁheśvara, at Kāñchipuram,” or to pay a fine of a quarter poṉ daily. The document is signed by [Pu]ṟambi Sūrya of Tiruviṛāpuṟam.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0146.

SII 1.147: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 144-150. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE KAILĀSANĀTHA TEMPLE AT KĀÑCHĪPURAM. No. 147. ON THE FLOOR OF THE RĀJASIṀHAVARMEŚVARA SHRINE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: These two fragments belong to the time of Ko-Rājakesarivarman. The second is dated in his 3rd year. Each of them records an agreement made by the inhabitants of some village, who pledged themselves to furnish daily one uṛakku of oil for a nondā1 or nandā lamp in exchange for a loan of 15 kaṛañjus of gold, and is signed by Māṉatoṅgaḷ Maḷḷerumāṉ, a member of the village-assembly (kūṭṭam). First inscription.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0147.

SII 1.148: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 144-150. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE KAILĀSANĀTHA TEMPLE AT KĀÑCHĪPURAM. No. 148. ON THE ROOF OF THE MAHĀMAṆḌAPA OF THE RĀJASIṀHAVARMEŚVARA SHRINE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This fragment, which is dated in the fifteenth year of Ko-Parakesarivarman, contains an agreement made by the inhabitants of some village, who had received a certain sum of money from “the large holy stone-temple (i.e., the Rājasiṁhavarmeśvara Temple) at Kachchippeḍu (i.e., Kāñchīpuram).” From the interest of this sum, they pledged themselves to supply ghee for a lamp at the rate of 1 uṛakku per day or 7 nāṛis and 1 uri per mensem.1 The measure to be used was a nāṛi, which was equal to a rājakesari.2 As the Choḷa kings alternately bore the surnames Rājakesarin and Parakesarin,3 it must be assumed, that this measure was called after one of the predecessors of the king, to whose reign the inscription belongs. The writer of the inscription was the village-headman Nāga Alappaḍi.4

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0148.

SII 1.149: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 144-150. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE KAILĀSANĀTHA TEMPLE AT KĀÑCHĪPURAM. No. 149. ON THREE STONES AT THE RĀJASIṀHAVARMEŚVARA SHRINE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: These are three fragments of what must have been a very long inscription. Its extent may be estimated from the fact, that line 1 of the first fragment corresponds to line 1 of No. 67, line 1 of the second fragment to line 5 of No. 67, and the first part of line 1 of the third fragment to the latter part of line 6 of No. 67. None of the fragments is in its original position. The first and second are built into the roof of the mahāmaṇḍapa of the Rājasiṁhavarmeśvara Shrine. The third fragment is built into the pavement of the veranda near the entrance into the mahāmaṇḍapa; some letters of each line are covered by a pillar. Although the name of the king, during whose reign the inscription was engraved, is lost, the existing fragments of the first line, which agree literally with parts of the first, fifth and sixth lines of the inscription No. 67, prove, that the inscription was one of Rājendra-Choḷa-deva. As the list of his conquests reaches here only as far as “the high mountains of Navanedikkula,”1 the date must fall between the 7th and 10th years of the king. The inscription seems to have recorded some gifts of paddy, gold and money.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0149.

SII 1.150: original edition by Eugen Hultzsch – PART III. NOTES AND FRAGMENTS. No. 144-150. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE KAILĀSANĀTHA TEMPLE AT KĀÑCHĪPURAM. No. 150. ON A PILLAR IN THE MAṆḌAPA IN FRONT OF THE RĀJASIṀHAVARMEŚVARA SHRINE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 26th year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Rājarāja-deva. According to the Poygai inscriptions (Nos. 59 to 64) this year would correspond to Śaka 1163-64. By the subjoined document, some person pledged himself, to supply daily one āṛākku1 of ghee for five lamps (saṁdhi-viḷakku) “to the lord of the holy stone-temple, alias Rājasiṁhavarmeśvara, at Kachchippeḍu,” i.e., Kāñchīpuram. The ghee had to be made over daily to those, who were in charge of the nāṛigai (measure) within the temple.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0150.

SII 12.100: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 100. (A.R. No. 188 of 1912). ON ANOTHER SLAB IN THE SAME PLACE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a highly damaged record of Vijaya-Kampavikramavarman dated in his 9th year. It registers a gift of 30 kaḻañju of gold by Amarnidi alias Pallavadiyaraiyar of Kañjanūr in Indaḷūr-nāḍu which was a subdivision of Śōḻa-nāḍu and another gift of a similar amount by a person whose name is lost, for burning two perpetual lamps in the temple at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr. It may be noted that Kañjanūr which may be identified with the village of the same name in the Kumbakonam taluk of the Tanjore district is not herein called Siṁhavishṇu-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, as is done in a record from Tiruviḍaimarudūr.1

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0100.

SII 12.102: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 102. (A.R. No. 116 of 1923). KĪḺPUTTŪR, CONJEEVERAM TALUK, CHINGLEPUT DISTRICT. ON A STONE SET UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE VILLAGE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription, dated in the 11th year of Vijaya-Kampavarman, registers a sale of the ērikkāḍi-right by the assembly of Kīḻppūdūr in Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam to Mādēvaṉār, son of Perumbāṇaṉ Śakkaḍi-Araiyar in return for the gold received from him. One kāḍi of paddy was ordered to be levied as ērikkāḍi (tank duty) on each paṭṭi of cultivated land, including those given to physicians as vaidya-bhōga.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0102.

SII 12.103: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 103. (A.R. No. 174 of 1912). TIRUVOṞṞIYŪR, SAIDAPET TALUK, CHINGLEPUT DISTRICT. ON A SLAB BUILT INTO THE FLOOR OF THE VERANDAH ROUND THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE ĀDHIPURĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The date of this record of Vijaya-Kampavarman is not clear. It might be 11, 13 or 16. The inscription records an agreement made by the assembly (ūr) of Vaikkāṭṭūr to provide offerings to the god Mahādēva at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr, on the day of saṅkrānti, for the interest on 27 kaḻañju of gold received by them from Pūdi Aṟindigai, wife of Viḍēlviḍugu [Iḷaṅkōvē]ḷār of Koḍumbāḷūr1 in Kō-nāḍu. The chiefs of Koḍumbāḷūr (in the Pudukkottai state) figure largely in inscriptions as subordinates of the Chōḷas, but their connection with the Pallavas is not so well known. A chief of this family is also mentioned in a mutilated record from Kīḻūr,2 dated in the 11th year of Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman, where the donor is stated to be the wife of Śāttaṉ Maṟavaṉ and the daughter of Vikrama-Pūdi who is probably identical with Viḍēlviḍugu Iḷaṅkō-Adiaraiyaṉ mentioned in the same record.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0103.

SII 12.104: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 104. (A.R. No. 391 of 1905). KĀVĒRIPPĀKKAM, ARKONAM TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON A STONE BUILT INTO THE FLOOR CLOSE TO THE SOUTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE VARADARĀJA-PERUMĀḶ TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The subjoined record is dated in the 17th year of Vijaya-Kampavarman and in registers a gift of 736 kaḻañju of gold to the assembly of Chiṟṟambalam in Kāvadippākkam alias Avaṉinārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam for feeding a person daily, by a lady called Nampirāṭṭi, the elder sister of one Tiruvānaṅgamudi.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0104.

SII 12.105: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 105. (A.R. No. 372 of 1911). TIRUVOṞṞIYŪR, SAIDAPET TALUK, CHINGLEPUT DISTRICT. ON A SLAB BUILT INTO THE FLOOR AT THE ENTRANCE INTO THE SECOND PRĀKĀRA OF THE ĀDHIPURĪSVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The construction of a temple of Nirañjanēśvarattu-Mahādēva at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr by a certain Nirañjanaguravar of the place and the gift of 20,000 kuḻi of land by purchase from the assembly of Maṇali for its upkeep, are recorded in this inscription of Vijaya-Kampavarman dated in the 19th year. The document was drawn up by Rudrappōttar Kumāra-Kāḷan, the madhyastha of the village. The communities Mandirattār and Kombaṟuttār are mentioned in ll. 29-30. The inscription is stated to have been engraved by Tiruvoṟṟiyūr-Āchāryaṉ alias Paramēśvaran, son of Śāmuṇḍāchārya. The puḷḷis are marked in the inscription.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0105.

SII 12.106: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 106. (A.R. No. 498 of 1908). MALLĀM, GUDUR TALUK, NELLORE DISTRICT. ON A SLAB SET UP IN FRONT OF THE SUBRAHMAṆYA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription of Kampavarman, dated in the 20th year, is engraved above the figure of a person holding his severed head by the tuft in his left hand, while the right hand grasps a sword (Plate VI). It registers a gift of land made by the ūrār of Tiruvāṉmūr to Paṭṭai-Pōttaṉ for the pious act of Okkoṇḍanāgaṉ Okkatīndaṉ Paṭṭai-Pōttaṉ, probably his father, in cutting off flesh from nine parts of his body and finally his head as an offering to the goddess Bhaṭārī, i.e., Durgā. The rituals connected with human sacrifice offered to the goddess Durgā are described in the Kālikā-Purāṇa, Chapter 70. The modern Mallām or an ancient suburb of it was known as Tiruvāṉmūr in inscriptions.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0106.

SII 12.107: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 107. (A.R. No. 227 of 1915). BRAHMADĒŚAM, CHEYYAR TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE CHANDRAMAUḶĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: It is stated in this record of Vijaya-Kampavarman, dated in the 20th year, that a member of the āḷum-gaṇattār of Kāvadippākkam in Paḍuvūr-kōṭṭam made a gift of 11 kaḻañju of gold for supplying, from the interest on this amount, water to the temple of Tiruppondaip-Perumānaḍigaḷ at Rājamalla-chaturvēdimaṅgalam. This village may be identified with Brahmadēśam itself where the present inscription is found. Since we find an inscription of the Gaṅga king Rājamalla, the grandson of Śrīpurusha at Vaḷḷimalai1 not very far from Brahmadēśam, Rājamalla-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, may have been called so after this Gaṅga king. It may be mentioned that in the region surrounding Brahmadēśam there are villages called Srīpurushamaṅgalam2 and Raṇavikrama chaturvēdimaṅgalam3 which must have been named after the Gaṅga kings Śrīpurusha and Raṇavikrama, the grandfather and father respectively of Rājamalla. The name of the god at Brahmadēśam viz., Tiruppondai-Perumānaḍigaḷ is uncommon in the Tamil country and it is probably to be traced to some Gaṅga or Western Chāḷukya4 princess.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0107.

SII 12.108: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 108. (A.R. No. 345 of 1906). ŪTTUKKĀḌU, CONJEEVERAM TALUK, CHINGLEPUT DISTRICT. ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE RUINED PERUMĀḶ TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is dated in the 25th year of Vijaya-Kampavarman and registers the agreement made by the tirunāmakkiḻavar of Uḻaichchēri in Ūṟṟukkāḍu to burn three lamps and to provide offerings (to the god) for the money and land received by them from Pūśāli Vāmaṉaṉ a resident of the village. The name of the temple is not mentioned in the record, but from the reference made in it to the māhēśvaras, it seems to have been dedicated to Śiva.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0108.

SII 12.109: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 109. (A.R. No. 82 of 1932-33). ĀṈŪR, CHINGLEPUT TALUK AND DISTRICT. ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE MAṆḌAPA IN FRONT OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE ASTRAPURĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a damaged and incomplete record of Kampavikra[mavarman] dated in the 25th year. It registers an agreement made by the sabhā of Āṉiyūr to burn a perpetual lamp before the god Vambaṅkāṭṭu-Mahādēva for the interest on 40 kaḻañju of gold received by them from Periya Śrīdhara-Kramavittaṉ of Arivilimaṅgalam, a member of the āḷum-gaṇa, evidently of Āṉūr.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0109.

SII 12.110: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 110. (A.R. No. 283 of 1919). MAḌAM, WANDIWASH TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE SIDE OF A BOULDER CALLED ŚAṞUKKĀMPĀṞAI ABOUT A FURLONG TO THE SOUTH OF THE VILLAGE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription records that in the 26th year of Vijaya-Kamapavarman, Jayavallavaṉ (Jayavallabha), a merchant of Kuḷattūr in Teṉṉāṟṟūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Palkuṉṟak-kōṭṭam purchased land from the ūrār of the village and presented it as ērippaṭṭi for the maintenance of a tank, evidently at Maḍam.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0110.

SII 12.111: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 111. (A.R. No. 144 of 1924). KOḌUṄGALŪR, WANDIWASH TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON A SLAB FIXED AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE GAṆAPATI SHRINE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This record is dated in the [3]2nd year of Vijaya-Kampavarman, which is the latest known date for the king. It registers a sale of some land (?) by the ūrār of Kāvīḍu to a certain Kāḍandai Nakkaṉ Śaḍaiyaṉ, a resident of that village, probably for some charity, the details of which are not clear. Kāvīḍu may be identified with the village of the same name in the Wandiwash taluk.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0111.

SII 12.112: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KAMPAVARMAN. No. 112. (A.R. No. 357 of 1909). OLAKKŪR, TINDIVANAM TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON A SLAB SET UP NEAR THE VILLAGE CHĀVAḌI.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription records the death of a hero named Todupatti Mātiragaṉ (probably a mahout),1 on the day when the village (i.e. Olakkūr) was destroyed in the confusion caused by Kampapperumāḷ with his elephants. A figure of this hero advancing with a drawn sword in his right hand is also represented on the stone.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0112.

SII 12.113: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – VAYIRAMEGAVARMAN. No. 113. (A.R. No. 150 of 1916). POYYAṈŪR, ARKONAM TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON A SLAB BUILT INTO THE NORTH WALL OF THE AGASTĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription, which is highly damaged, seems to record a gift made for providing offerings to the god Tiruvagattīśvara[muḍaiya-Mahādēva], by the assembly of Poygainallūr in Dāmaṟ-kōṭṭam, in the 2nd year of Vayiramēgavarman. The surname Vayiramēgaṉ1 is applied to Dantivarman in the Triplicane inscription.2 As the characters of the present and the following inscription belong to a later period than Dantivarman, the king figuring in these two records was probably different. A certain chieftain named Vayiramēgaṉ alias Vāṇakōvaraiyar figures in two inscriptions from Tiruvoṟṟiyūr,3 with whom Vayiramēgavarman of the present record may be identified.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0113.

SII 12.114: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – VAYIRAMEGAVARMAN. No. 114. (A.R. No. 152 of 1916). KĪḺPULAM, ARKONAM TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE NORTH, WEST AND SOUTH WALLS OF THE KAILĀSANĀTHA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This record registers a gift of land made in the 2nd year of Vayiramēgavarman by Muḷḷikkuḍaiyāṉ Ādittaṉāḷi for conducting the tiruppali (i.e., śrībali) ceremony and for offerings during the three services in the temple of Tirukkūḷīchcharattu-Āḷvār at Palkalam in Dāmar-kōṭṭam, with five persons including one for beating the gong (śēgaṇḍigai) and two for blowing the trumpets (kāḷam). The assembly (ūr) of Palkalam entrusted the endowed land to Arayaṇichchiṅgaṉ, a drummer (uvaichchaṉ) residing in the village. The village Palkalam may be identified with Kīḻpulam itself.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0114.

SII 12.118: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – SECTION II. Later Pallava Chiefs. KOPPERUNJINGADEVA I. No. 118. (A.R. No. 85 of 1918). VṚIDDHĀCHALAM, VRIDDHACHALAM TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. IN THE SECOND GŌPURA (LEFT OF ENTRANCE) OF THE VṚIDDHAGIRĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription, dated in the 3rd year of Sakalabhuvanchchakravarttigaḷ Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva, registers a gift of 32 cows for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Uḍaiyār Tirumudukuṉṟamuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār by Añjāda-Perumāḷ, son of Āṇḍāḷi, one of the agambaḍittana-mudalis in the service of Śeṅgaṉivāyaṉ Śōḻakōṉār of Araśūr. Śōḻakōṉār mentioned here was an important officer under Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva I1 and II, holding charge of the region round about the present town of Chidambaram in the South Arcot district. His native place Araśūr is probably identical with the village of that name in the Tirukkoyilur taluk of the same district. The existence of two Kāḍava chiefs with the name Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva is established in the Introduction. Their records have to be distinguished with care from the internal evidence, astronomical details given and the surname Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ invariably borne by the elder chief. In the details given for the calculation of date in the present record śu is wrongly quoted for ba., since śu. 10 connot combine with nakshatra Pūśam in the month of Siṁha. With this emendation there is no date in the reign of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva II for the details given, but they, however, correspond to A.D. 1234, August 21, Monday which fell in the period of Kōpperuñjiṅga I. This record must, therefore, be ascribed to the latter chief.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0118.

SII 12.119: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 119. (A.R. No. 285 of 1921). ĀTTŪR, CHINGLEPUT TALUK AND DISTRICT. ON THE NORTH AND WEST WALLS OF THE MUKTĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This record is dated in the 5th year of Sakalabhuvanachchakravartin Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva and it records the gift of the village Āttūr alias Rājarājanallūr in Āṟṟūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Ūṟṟukkāṭṭūk-kōṭṭam in Jayaṅgoṇḍaśōḻa-maṇḍalam, by Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ Avaṉiāḷappiṟandāṉ Kāḍavaṉ Kōpperuñjiṅgaṉ, for constructing, as a gōpura with 7 storeys, the southern entrance called ‘Śokkachchīyaṉ-tirunilai’ of the temple of Tiruchchiṟṟambalam-Uḍaiyār at Perumbaṟṟappuliyūr (i.e., Chidambaram). The Pāṇḍya emblems of a pair of fish and goad found in relief on the jambs and beams of this gōpura indicate that the construction must have been started in the reign of a Pāṇḍya king. It is stated that this inscription, besides being engraved at Āṟṟūr, was also ordered to be recorded in the temple of Tiruvēgamba-muḍaiya-Nāyaṉār, probably Ēkāmranātha at Conjeeveram. A copy of the record is found at Chidambaram wherein1 the engraving of the present inscription at Āttūr is also referred to. The document is attested by Kōpperuñjiṅga, Kurukularājaṉ and Villavarājaṉ. The wording in this inscription where the chief himself figures as donor is peculiar. This form, though not uncommon, is not often met with in inscriptions. From the surname Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ and the probable reference to this gōpura of seven storeys in a record2 of the 24th year of Rājarāja III, i.e., A.D. 1240, the present inscription has to be assigned to Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva I.3

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0119.

SII 12.120: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 120. (A.R. No. 286 of 1921). ON THE SAME WALLS.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The first portion of this record consists of a string of birudas in Sanskrit which describe the family, character and achievements of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. The concluding portion is in Tamil and contains an order of the chief issued, through his officer Nīlagaṅgaraiyar, to the residents of Āṟṟūr remitting, in favour of the god Āḷuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār, from the 5th year of the chief’s rule, the tax aripāḍikāval excluding kāvalpēṟu, on their village which was hitherto collected by the king. In the Sanskrit portion the chief is called Pallavakula-pārijāta, Kāḍavakula-chūḍāmaṇi, Avanipālana-jāta, etc. He claims supremacy over the Chōḷa, Pāṇḍya, Chēdi, Karṇāṭa and Āndhra kings. The chief’s conflict with Gaṇḍagōpāla and the extent of his dominions are indicated by the titles ‘Gaṇḍa-bhaṇḍāra1-luṇṭāka’ Kshīrāpagādakshiṇanāyaka, Kāvērī-kāmuka and Peṇṇānadī-nātha. The title ‘Khaḍgamalla’ corresponding to the Tamil ‘Vāḷvalla’ explains the heroism, while the epithets ‘Bhāratamalla’ and ‘Sāhityaratnākara’ describe the cultural attainments of the chief. His connection with Mallai i.e., Mahābalipuram and Conjeeveram is indicated by the titles Mallāpuri-vallabha2 and Kāñchīpurī-kānta.3 The last verse in the Sanskrit portion gives a clue to the identification of Kōpperuñjiṅga. This verse, conveying a double entendre, refers to the attempts of the chief to enjoy Dhātrī, i.e. Earth, when it is implied that the town Kāñchī was taken and Madhya-(dēśa) i.e., Naḍu-nāḍu was conquered. Since the capture of Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam and Naḍu-nāḍu is to be attributed to the elder Peruñjiṅga, this record may be assigned to him. The officer Nīlagaṅgaraiyar, from the title piḷḷaiyār applied to him, appears to have been a favourite and important officer of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. Three generations of Nīlagaṅgaraiyars are known, viz., (l) Kulōttuṅgaśōḻa Kaṇṇappaṉ Nallanāyaṉār Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar (16th year of Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa 111),4 (2) the officer figuring in the present inscription, and (3) his son, Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Aruṇagiriperumāḷ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar figuring in the time of Vijaya-Gaṇḍagōpāla,5 Sundara-Pāṇḍya6 and Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva II.7 They were in power in the present Chingleput district under the Chōḷas and their successors and sometimes issued orders in their own names.8 Aripāḍikāval may be explained as a tax payable in kind to the king for protection.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0120.

SII 12.121: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 121. (A.R. No. 83 of 1918). VṚIDDHĀCHALAM, VRIDDHACHALAM TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. IN THE SECOND GŌPURA (LEFT OF ENTRANCE) OF THE VṚIDDHAGIRĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription of the 6th year of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva records a gift of 4 mā of garden land called ‘Aḻagiyapallavaṉ-tōppu,’ in Ūṟṟukkuṟuchchi alias Ādaṉūr in Kūḍal-nāḍu, by Āḷappiṟandāṉ Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ Kōpperuñjiṅgaṉ of Kūḍal in Kīḻ-Āmūrnāḍu, a subdivision of Tirmuṉaippāḍi, for supplying arecanuts, flower-garlands, etc., to the god at Tirumudukuṉṟam in Paruvūr-kūṟṟam, a subdivision of Iruṅgōḷappāḍi in Mēṟkā-nāḍu, situated in Virudarājabhayaṅkara-vaḷanāḍu. The village Ādaṉūr may be identified with one of the two villages of the same name in the Vriddhachalam taluk. Kūḍal, the native place of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva, is probably identical with Kūḍalūr i.e., Cuddalore in the South Arcot District. The garden Aḻagiyapallavaṉ-tōppu must have been so called after the surname of the chief. It may be pointed out that Kōpperuñjiṅga II also bore this surname.1 For the astronomical details given in the inscription there is only one tallying date between A.D. 1220 and 1260, viz. A.D. 1234, March 22, Wednesday. It is doubtful whether the regnal year is correctly quoted here.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0121.

SII 12.122: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 122. (A.R. No. 497 of 1921). TIRUVEṆṆAINALLŪR, TIRUKKOYILUR TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE EAST WALL OF THE MAṆḌAPA IN FRONT OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE VAIKUṆṬHA-PERUMĀḶ TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: In this inscription, dated in the 8th year, Kōpperuñjiñgadēva is given the surname Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ. It records a gift of 5 cows by Tirumalaiy-Aḻagiyāṉ alias Vīra[gaḷ*] vīrap-Pallavaraiyaṉ,1 a Kaikkōḷa-mudali of Tiruveṇṇainallūr for supplying daily milk by the measure ‘Arumoḻidēva-nāḻi’ to the god Vaikunda (Vaikuṇṭha)[p-Perumāḷ]. This donor figures in A.D. 12372 and his death is referred to in No. 189 below. From the title Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ given to the chief, he may be identified with the elder Kōpperuñjiṅga.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0122.

SII 12.123: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 123. (A.R. No. 94 of 1934-35). VṚIDDHĀCHALAM, VRIDDHACHALAM TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE WEST WALL OF THE MAṆḌAPA IN FRONT OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE VṚIDDHAGIRĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is dated in the 8th year of Sakalabhuvanachakravartin Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva and records a gift of 128 cows by Śeṅganivā[yaṉ] Śōḻakōn of Araśūr and a mudali of Āḷappiṟa[ndān] Āḻagiyaśīyaṉ Kōpperuñjiṅga, for burning 4 perpetual lamps before the god at Tirumudukuṉṟam in Paruvūr-kūṟṟam, a subdivision of Mēṟkā-nāḍu Iruṅgōḷappāḍi-nāḍu in Vaḍagarai Virudarājabhayaṅkara-vaḷanāḍu. The date of the record, according to the astronomical details given, was either A.D. 1240, Jan. 11, Wednesday, or A.D. 1251, January 11, Wednesday. In both cases the nakshatra was Makhā, not Punarpūśam as quoted in the inscription. Since the donor is stated to have been a mudali of Aḻagiyaśīyaṉ Kōpperuñjiṅga, the date of the inscription was probably A.D. 1240.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0123.

SII 12.124: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 124. (A.R. No. 73 of 1918). IN THE SECOND GŌPURA (RIGHT OF ENTRANCE) OF THE SAME TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This important record, dated in the 10th year, is unfortunately damaged and left unfinished. It refers to a battle that was fought at Perumbalūr (probably Perambalūr in the Trichinopoly district) wherein Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva is said to have defeated and killed some Hoysaḷa generals of whom the names of Kēśava, Harihara and Tīkkāṉaip-perumāḷ are legible in the record, and also to have captured their ladies and treasures. In expiation of this act Avaṉiāḷappiṟandāṉ alias Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva of Kūḍal in Kīḻ-Āmūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Tirumuṉaippāḍi, made a gift of a gold forehead-plate called ‘Avaṉi-āḷappiṟandāṉ’ set with jewels for the god Tirumudukuṉṟamuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār and of cows for the maintenance of sacred lamps in the temple. The Hoysaḷa general Kēśava is probably identical with the officer of the same name figuring in a record of the 24th year of Rājarāja III at Conjeeveram.1 In the astronomical details given, śu must be a mistake for ba, for the former cannot combine with nakshatra Rēvatī in the month of Siṁha. There is not corresponding Christian date in the reign of Kōpperuñjiṅga II for the details given, but they work satisfactorily for A.D. 1241, July 29, Monday. This date falls in the reign of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva I, assuming that, as suggested elsewhere,2 this chief commenced his regnal year from A.D. 1231-32, the date of the imprisonment of the Chōḷa king Rājarāja III at Śēndamaṅgalam. The present record would then belong to Kōpperuñjiṅga I.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0124.

SII 12.125: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 125. (A.R. No. 296 of 1912). ATTI, CHEYYAR TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE AGASTĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a set of six verses in Tamil in the Kaṭṭaḷaikkalittuṟai metre praising the greatness of Pallavāṇḍār alias Kāḍavarāyar ‘who conquered Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam’ and who was the son of Kūḍal Āḷappiṟandāṉ alias Kāḍavarāyar. He is called Pallavaṉ, Kāḍavar-kōṉ, Kūḍal-maṉṉavar and one of the verses alludes to the battle at Śēvūr, probably identical with Mēl-Śēvūr in the Tindivanam taluk of the South Arcot district, where he slew a large number of his enemies and ‘created mountains of dead bodies and swelling rivers of blood’. His opponent on the battle-field at Śēvūr is not specified, but the result was the conquest of Toṇḍai-nāḍu which included Peṇṇai-nāḍu, Vaḍa-Vēṅgaḍam and Kachchi ‘surrounded by the sea’. That Pallavāṇḍār also defeated the northern powers is indicated by a verse stating that the ‘northern kings who did not come and make obeisance to the Kāḍava, could not find even a hill or a forest to which they could flee for refuge’.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0125.

SII 12.126: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 126. (A.R. No. 182 of 1919). TRIBHUVANI, PONDICHERRY, FRENCH INDIA. ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE VARADARĀJA-PERUMĀḶ TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription records in Tamil and Sanskrit the benefactions of the chief Sakalabhuvanachakravartti Kāḍavaṉ Avaṉiāḷappiṟandāṉ Kōpperuñjiṅga. He is called Bhūpālanōdbhava,1 Kāṭhakavaṁśa-mauktika-maṇi and the conqueror of the Āndhra and the Karṇāṭa kings. The record states that the chief constructed a temple for Hēramba-Gaṇapati on the banks of the tank at Tribhuvanamādēvī and that he repaired the embankments, sluices and irrigation channels of the tank which had breached in several places. Since the inscription refers to the conquest of the Chōḷa (country), Madhyamamahī (i.e., Naḍu-nāḍu) and Tuṇḍiradēśa (i.e. Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam) by the chief, he may be identified with Kōpperuñjiṅga I. Hēramba-Gaṇapati is generally represented with five elephant heads, 10 arms and as riding on a lion. [An early sculpture of this deity is found in a rock-cut temple at Tirupparaṅkuṉṟam near Madura-Ed.]

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0126.

SII 12.127: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 127. (A.R. No. 178 of 1921). MŌRIJONA, NEAR RAṄGAMPĒṬṬAI, GUDIYATTAM TALUK, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON A ROCK TO THE SOUTH OF THE VILLAGE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription consists of a single Tamil verse in the Kaṭṭaḷaikkalittuṟai metre praising Pallavāṇḍār alias Vīrarvīraṉ-Kāḍavarāyar, ‘who conquered Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam’ and who was the son of Kūḍal-Āḷappiṟandār. The same verse is also found as the third verse in the Atti record of Pallavāṇḍār alias Kāḍavarāyar (No. 125 above) and thus establishes that both the Atti and Mōrijona inscriptions belong to the same chief.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0127.

SII 12.129: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 129. (A.R. No. 229 of 1925). ĀKKŪR, MAYAVARAM TALUK, TANJORE DISTRICT. ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE BASE OF THE MAṆḌAPA IN FRONT OF THE TĀNTŌ ṞĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription states that Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva who is called Aḻagiya-Pallavar alias Vīrapratāpar, after imprisoning the Hoysaḷas and levying tribute from the Pāṇḍyas, proceeded to the Chōḷa country along the southern bank of the Kāvērī. Proceeding due east, he worshipped at all the sacred shrines, repaired temples and remitted all the taxes on temple lands. While camping during this march at a village, probably Ākkūr itself, in Jayaṅgoṇḍaśōḻa-vaḷanāḍu, he found that the tenants had ‘migrated as far as the Ganges’ leaving the lands waste. Sympathising with their position, he remitted the arrears of taxes due from them, restored their original holdings and invited the emigrants to settle on their original lands. The present inscription is probably connected with No. 124 above. Since the defeat of the Hoysaḷas is also referred to here, this record may be assigned to Kōpperuñjiṅga 1. The defeat of the Pāṇḍyas claimed in this record could not have taken place after the accession of the powerful Pāṇḍya sovereign Jaṭāvarman Sundara-Pāṇḍya I in A.D. 1251. It may be pointed out here that Kōpperuñjiṅga’s fortifications built on the north bank of the river Kāvērī against his enemies the Hoysaḷas are referred to in a record from Tiruveṇkāḍu.1

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0129.

SII 12.130: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 130. (A.R. No. 187 of 1932-33). TIRUKKAḺUKKUṈṞAM, CHINGLEPUT TALUK AND DISTRICT. IN THE GŌPURA (RIGHT SIDE) LEADING TO THE SECOND PRĀKĀRA OF THE BHAKTAVATSALĒŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This is a fragmentary verse inscription identical with the first verse in No. 125 above from Atti in praise of Pallavāṇḍār alias Kāḍavarāyar, (the son of) Ēḻiśaimōgaṉ Āḷappiṟandāṉ of Kūḍal.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0130.

SII 12.131: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – KOPPERUNJINGADEVA II. No. 131. (A.R. No. 69 of 1918). VṚIDDHĀCHALAM, VRIDDHACHALAM TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. IN THE SECOND GŌPURA (RIGHT OF ENTRANCE) OF THE VṚIDDHAGIRĪŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This inscription records a provision made in the 2nd year of Sakalabhuvanachchakravarttigaḷ Kōpperuñjiñgadēva for burning a perpetual lamp before the god at Tirumudukuṉṟam in Paruvūr-kūṟṟam, a subdivision of Mēṟkā-nāḍu Iruṅgōḷappāḍi-nāḍu situated in Virudarājabhayaṅkara-vaḷanāḍu, by Aḍaippu Tirukkaṟtuṟai-Uḍaiyān Kuṉṟamuttaraiyan, son of Neṟkuppai-Nāḍāḻvāṉ Guṇamuḍaiyān, one of the Paḷḷis having the hereditary right of watchmanship in the temple. The initial date of this chief is fixed in A.D. 12431 by a record from Conjeevaram2 which equates the Śaka year 1182 (A.D. 1260) with his 18th year. The astronomical details given in the record correspond to A.D. 1244, November 13, Sunday. The chief may, therefore, be identified with Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva II.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0131.

SII 12.132: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 132. (A.R. No. 411 of 1918). TIRUPPAṄGŪR, SHIYALI TALUK, TANJORE DISTRICT. ON THE EAST WALL OF THE FIRST PRĀKĀRA IN THE ŚIVALŌKANĀTHASVĀMIN TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: The subjoined record is also dated in the 2nd year of Sakalabhuvanachakravartin Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. It registers a gift of land, after purchase, from a certain Ārāvamudu-Bhaṭṭaṉ by Śīyārūrdēvaṉ Ādichchadēvaṉ of Kuṟuchchi in Kiḷiyūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Pāṇḍikulāśaṉi-vaḷanāḍu for the early morning service, sacred bath on Saturdays, unguents, garlands and offerings to the god Śivalōkamuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār at Tiruppuṉgūr in Tiruvāli-nāḍu, a subdivision of Rājādhirāja-vaḷanāḍu. The astronomical details given in the record correspond to A.D. 1245, February 16, Thursday, with the emendation ba. 4 for ba. 14.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0132.

SII 12.133: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 133. (A.R. No. 409 of 1921). TIRUVADI, CUDDALORE TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE INNER WALL OF THE SECOND GŌPURA (RIGHT OF ENTRANCE) IN THE TIRUVĪRAṬṬĀNĒŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: This record is also dated in the 2nd year of the chief. It registers a gift of 32 cows and a bull by Koṟṟamāṉ Malaiyaṉ Paḻandiyarāyaṉ of Pālaiyūr alias Rājēndraśōḻanallūr in Pālaiyūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Ūṟṟukkāṭṭu-kōṭṭam which was a district in Jayaṅgoṇḍaśōḻa-vaḷanāḍu, for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruvīraṭṭānamuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār at Tiruvadigai. The village Pālaiyūr may be identified with Pālūr in the Chingleput taluk.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0133.

SII 12.134: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 134. (A.R. No. 62 of 1919). MUNNŪR, TINDIVANAM TALUK, SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT. ON THE EAST WALL OF THE MAṆḌAPA IN FRONT OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE ĀḌAVALLĒŚVARA TEMPLE.

Emmanuel Francis.

Summary: In this record which is dated in the 3rd year, Aḻagiyapallavaṉ Vīrarāyaṉ alias Kachchiyarāyaṉ confirms the gifts of the dēvadāna villages and lands granted as maḍappuṟam, by Aiyyadēvar, for worship and repairs, to the temple of Āḍavalla-Nāyaṉār at Muññūr alias Rājanārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam. Aiyyadēvar mentioned here seems to refer to Kōpperuñjiṅga’s father Maṇavāḷapperumāḷ, also known as Aḻagiyapallavaṉ alias Kāḍavarāyaṉ and mentioned in a record from the same village1 dated in the 33rd year of Tribhuvanavīradēva. Aḻagiyapallavaṉ Vīrarāyaṉ alias Kachchiyarāyaṉ was probably an officer under Kōpperuñjiṅga, if not the latter’s brother. His name suggests that he was the son of Aḻagiyapallavaṉ i.e., Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva (I).

Language: Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0134.