Kāñcīpuram, time of Nandivarman, year 28

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Mukteśvara. Donation by Dharmamahādevi.

Palaeographic description: The puḷḷi is used almost consistently. It has the form of a dot, or a wedge, or a wavy line, and is placed exactly above the consonant or slightly to the right above of the consonant.

Languages: Sanskrit (san), Source (source), Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-10 12:47 (e18547c), last modified 2025-01-11 18:26 (007a50e).

Edition

⟨Faces ABC: western and southern bases of maṇḍapa, and western base of vimāna⟩

⟨1⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ [svasti śrī] nan=t[i]-va[rmmar·k=ku yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu (dha)[rmma]⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩-(ma)hādev(i/ī)śvara-gṛ⟨ha⟩ttu māṇik=ka-devar·k=ku devatāṉam-āyiṉa nāyivaṭṭi kuḷat⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩tūr·k kaṇ·ṇantai kuṭi-p·-pāṭ·ṭ’ uḷ·pa⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩(ṭa) ṉilam· pattu-p paṭṭiy(u)māṇik=k¿u?-tēvark=k’ uṇ·ṇāḻikai-p puṟam-(ā)⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ka paṇittu-k= kuṭuttēṉ· dharma-mahādevi-y-ēṉ· Itu A(r)ccaṉ¡ayi! ce¡y(i)!t’ uṇ(pā)r-āṉār· In·nilat·t¿a?l ⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ Ūr· varin=tat’ ellām

⟨2⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ tattaśivaṉu⟨kku⟩(m·) dharmmakaṇ[·]ṇaṉuk=kum· Aṉan·taśi[va] ⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ ṉukkum· Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ makkaḷ mak=kaḷ-ē Arccaṉai ce¡yi!t’ uṇṇa-p paṇittu ⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ k kuṭuttēṉ· It-taḷikkut taṭṭaḻi⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩(vu)y ivaraik· koṇ·ṭu koṭṭuvāṉ· Amutarayaṉ· (nā)yaṟṟu-k· kaṇi I⟨va⟩ṉuk⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩kum· māṭalar makaṉ· māta-śarmmanuk·kum· Iruvark·kumm utaka-pūrvvakam· ceytu Iraṇṭu koṟṟu kuṭut·tōm· ⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ _

⟨Faces DE: southern and eastern bases of vimāna⟩

⟨3⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ perunaṅ·kai-y i-poṉ·ṉaṭi Atimāṉi mātēvi kumaraṭi māṇikkat·tēvi tikaimaṇi kuṇatuṅ·ki ti⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩kaimaṇi vācat·ti c(i)n·taṭi kumaraṭi naṅ·k(ā)⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩ṭai Aṇiyātitti mūt·ti Av·vaṭi viñ·caṭi pātaṭi ku⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩lakkoṭi Av·vaṭi naṅ·kaṉ· ⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ muciyak·kaṉ· śrī-tēvi naṅ·kāmi mā-tēvi nīlī maṇavāṭ·ṭi tēvaṭi mānip·poṟṟi ⟨Block 12: eastern base of vimāna⟩ Atimāṇi naṅ·kuṇavi ⟨Block 13: eastern base of vimāna⟩ bahuva(ḷa)(kāmi) maḻalai nocci tāḻi-māṇikkam· cittiraniti neṟippāki viṉa⟨Block 14: eastern base of vimāna⟩yaṭi Avvaṭi ciṟu-naṅkai kāmaṭi māti⟨Block 15: eastern base of vimāna⟩tikaimaṇi

⟨4⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ (ma)ntrācāryyar aivar· viḷak=kun= tavaci-kaṇāvar· paṉṉiruvar tavacikaḷ uṇ·ṇa-k k(u)ṭukka taḷiyāḷ·vār (ū)ṭṭārāka paṉṉiruva⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩r kut=tikaḷai (p/m)eyitu kuṭut=tēṉ mutal mup⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩patiruvarum· Ip-paṉṉiruva⟨ru⟩m ēṟṟi nāṟpattu nālvar kam·pa⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩(ṉa)ttu k(u)ṭut=tēṉ· taruma-mā-deviyēṉ ⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k(u)ḷattūrum· It(=t)aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum· Idharmmam· Aḻiy(ā)mai k(ā)t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

⟨Faces ABC: western and southern bases of maṇḍapa, and western base of vimāna⟩ ⟨1⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ [svasti śrī]

nan=t[i]-va[rmmar·k=ku yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu

(dha)[rmma]⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩-(ma)hādev(i/ī)śvara-gṛ⟨ha⟩ttu māṇik=ka-devar·k=ku devatāṉam-āyiṉa nāyivaṭṭi kuḷat⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩tūr·k kaṇ·ṇantai kuṭi-p·-pāṭ·ṭ’ uḷ·pa⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩(ṭa) ṉilam· pattu-p paṭṭiy(u)māṇik=k⟨a⟩-tēvark=k’ uṇ·ṇāḻikai-p puṟam-(ā)⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ka paṇittu-k= kuṭuttēṉ· dharma-mahādevi-y-ēṉ·

Itu A(r)ccaṉ⟨ai⟩ ce⟨y⟩t’ uṇ(pā)r-āṉār· In·nilat·t⟨ā⟩l ⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ Ūr· varin=tat’ ellām ⟨2⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ tattaśivaṉu⟨kku⟩(m·) dharmmakaṇ[·]ṇaṉuk=kum· Aṉan·taśi[va] ⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ ṉukkum· Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ makkaḷ mak=kaḷ-ē Arccaṉai ce⟨y⟩t’ uṇṇa-p paṇittu ⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ k kuṭuttēṉ·

It-taḷikkut taṭṭaḻi⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩(vu)y ivaraik· koṇ·ṭu koṭṭuvāṉ· Amutarayaṉ· (nā)yaṟṟu-k· kaṇi I⟨va⟩ṉuk⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩kum· māṭalar makaṉ· māta-śarmmanuk·kum· Iruvark·kumm utaka-pūrvvakam· ceytu Iraṇṭu koṟṟu kuṭut·tōm·

⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ _

⟨Faces DE: southern and eastern bases of vimāna⟩ ⟨3⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ perunaṅ·kai-y i-poṉ·ṉaṭi Atimāṉi mātēvi kumaraṭi māṇikkat·tēvi tikaimaṇi kuṇatuṅ·ki ti⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩kaimaṇi vācat·ti c(i)n·taṭi kumaraṭi naṅ·k(ā)⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩ṭai Aṇiyātitti mūt·ti Av·vaṭi viñ·caṭi pātaṭi ku⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩lakkoṭi Av·vaṭi naṅ·kaṉ· ⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ muciyak·kaṉ· śrī-tēvi naṅ·kāmi mā-tēvi nīlī maṇavāṭ·ṭi tēvaṭi mānip·poṟṟi ⟨Block 12: eastern base of vimāna⟩ Atimāṇi naṅ·kuṇavi ⟨Block 13: eastern base of vimāna⟩ bahuva(ḷa)(kāmi) maḻalai nocci tāḻi-māṇikkam· cittiraniti neṟippāki viṉa⟨Block 14: eastern base of vimāna⟩yaṭi Avvaṭi ciṟu-naṅkai kāmaṭi māti⟨Block 15: eastern base of vimāna⟩tikaimaṇi ⟨4⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ (ma)ntrācāryyar aivar· viḷak=kun= tavaci-kaṇāvar· paṉṉiruvar tavacikaḷ uṇ·ṇa-k k(u)ṭukka taḷiyāḷ·vār (ū)ṭṭārāka paṉṉiruva⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩r kut=tikaḷai (p/m)eyitu kuṭut=tēṉ

mutal mup⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩patiruvarum· Ip-paṉṉiruva⟨ru⟩m ēṟṟi nāṟpattu nālvar kam·pa⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩(ṉa)ttu k(u)ṭut=tēṉ· taruma-mā-deviyēṉ

⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k(u)ḷattūrum· It(=t)aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum·

Idharmmam· Aḻiy(ā)mai k(ā)t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

⟨Faces ABC: western and southern bases of maṇḍapa, and western base of vimāna⟩ ⟨1⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ [svasti śrī]

nan=t[i]-va[rmmar·k=ku yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu

(dha)[rmma]⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩-(ma)hādev(i/ī)śvara-gṛ⟨ha⟩ttu māṇik=ka-devar·k=ku devatāṉam-āyiṉa nāyivaṭṭi kuḷat⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩tūr·k kaṇ·ṇantai kuṭi-p·-pāṭ·ṭ’ uḷ·pa⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩(ṭa) ṉilam· pattu-p paṭṭiy(u)māṇik=k¿u?⟨a⟩-tēvark=k’ uṇ·ṇāḻikai-p puṟam-(ā)⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ka paṇittu-k= kuṭuttēṉ· dharma-mahādevi-y-ēṉ·

Itu A(r)ccaṉ¡ayi!⟨ai⟩ ce¡y(i)!⟨y⟩t’ uṇ(pā)r-āṉār· In·nilat·t¿a?⟨ā⟩l ⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ Ūr· varin=tat’ ellām ⟨2⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ tattaśivaṉu⟨kku⟩(m·) dharmmakaṇ[·]ṇaṉuk=kum· Aṉan·taśi[va] ⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ ṉukkum· Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ makkaḷ mak=kaḷ-ē Arccaṉai ce¡yi!⟨y⟩t’ uṇṇa-p paṇittu ⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ k kuṭuttēṉ·

⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ _

⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k(u)ḷattūrum· It(=t)aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum·

Idharmmam· Aḻiy(ā)mai k(ā)t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ °va[rmmar·k=ku] • The restoration °va[rmmaṟ·ku] is also possible, but see -devar·k=ku in the same line. — ⟨1⟩ [yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu ⬦ [3+]patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu SII.

⟨2⟩ tattaśivaṉu⟨kku⟩(m·) ⬦ (tatta)śivanum SII • The final m· looks like ru, but the vertical stroke is too short to be r.

⟨3⟩ vācat·ti ⬦ sucat·ti SII • Krishna Sastri reads anachronistically a later form of Grantah su. — ⟨3⟩ nīlī ⬦ nili SII. — ⟨3⟩ bahuva(ḷa)(kāmi) ⬦ ba(hu)(va)(ḷa)kāmi SII.

⟨4⟩ (ma)ntrācāryyar • The initial ma looks like pa. — ⟨4⟩ kut=tikaḷai (p/m)eyitu ⬦ kut=tika(ḷai)meytu SII • — ⟨4⟩ Ip-paṉṉiruva⟨ru⟩m ēṟṟi ⬦ Ip-paṉṉiru(var ē)ṟṟi SII •

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨1⟩ Twenty-eight year of Nantivarmar.¹

...

Translation into French by Emmanuel Francis

⟨1⟩ Prospérité! Fortune!

⟨1⟩ Vingt-huitième année de Nantivarmar².

...

Commentary

The king of the regnal year is identified as Nandivarman II, because of the high regnal year (28th).

Bibliography

Reported in Hultzsch 1893 (ARIE/1892-1893/B/1893/14).

Edited in Krishna Sastri 1923 (SII 4.827), with visual documentation. Text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 80).

This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy, photos (2015), and the visual documentation published in Krishna Sastri 1923. Some characters now lost are legible on this visual documentation.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1923. South-Indian inscriptions (texts). Volume IV: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil, Telugu and Kannada countries and Ceylon. South Indian Inscriptions 4. Madras: Government Press. Pages 285–286, item 827, plate IX.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 259–260, item 80.

Secondary

[ARIE] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1893. G.O. Nos. 642-43, 14th August 1893. Epigraphy. Directing, with remarks, Dr. Hultzsch's report on Epigraphical work done during 1892-93 be forwarded to the Govrnement of India and approving of the programme for the next field season. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department. Pages 4, 13, appendix B/1893, item 14.

Notes

1. Sanskrit Nandivarman.
2. Sanskrit Nandivarman.

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Ūr· varin=tat’ ellām

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It-taḷikkut taṭṭaḻi

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lakkoṭi Av·vaṭi naṅ·kaṉ·

<milestone unit="block" n="11"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

muciyak·kaṉ· <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-tēvi naṅ·kāmi mā-tēvi nīlī maṇavāṭ·ṭi tēvaṭi mānip·poṟṟi

<milestone unit="block" n="12"/><label xml:lang="eng">eastern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

Atimāṇi naṅ·kuṇavi

<milestone unit="block" n="13"/><label xml:lang="eng">eastern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

<hi rend="grantha">bahu</hi>va<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>ḷa</unclear></hi><unclear>kāmi</unclear> maḻalai nocci tāḻi-māṇikkam· cittiraniti neṟippāki viṉa

<milestone unit="block" n="14" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">eastern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

yaṭi Avvaṭi ciṟu-naṅkai kāmaṭi māti

<milestone unit="block" n="15" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">eastern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

tikaimaṇi

<milestone unit="block" n="7"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">ma</unclear><hi rend="grantha">ntrācāryya</hi>r aivar· viḷak=kun= tavaci-kaṇāvar· paṉṉiruvar tavacikaḷ uṇ·ṇa-k k<unclear>u</unclear>ṭukka taḷiyāḷ·vār <unclear>ū</unclear>ṭṭārāka paṉṉiruva

<milestone unit="block" n="8" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

r kut=tikaḷai <choice><unclear>p</unclear><unclear>m</unclear></choice>eyitu kuṭut=tēṉ

</p>

<p>

mutal mup

<milestone unit="block" n="9" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

patiruvarum· Ip-paṉṉiruva<supplied reason="omitted">ru</supplied>m ēṟṟi nāṟpattu nālvar kam·pa

<milestone unit="block" n="10" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

<unclear>ṉa</unclear>ttu k<unclear>u</unclear>ṭut=tēṉ· taruma-mā-<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>viyēṉ

</p>

<p>

<milestone unit="block" n="11"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k<unclear>u</unclear>ḷattūrum· It<unclear>=t</unclear>aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum·

</p>

<p>

I<hi rend="grantha">dharmma</hi>m· Aḻiy<unclear>ā</unclear>mai k<unclear>ā</unclear>t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

</p>

</div>

<note>The restoration <foreign>°va<supplied reason="lost"><hi rend="grantha">rmma</hi>ṟ·ku</supplied></foreign> is also possible, but see <foreign>-<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>var·k=ku</foreign> in the same line.</note>

</app>

<lem><supplied reason="lost">yāṇṭ’ i</supplied>ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="3"/>patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu</rdg>

</app>

<lem>tatta<hi rend="grantha">śi</hi>vaṉu<supplied reason="omitted">kku</supplied><unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">m·</unclear></lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"><unclear>tatta</unclear><hi rend="grantha">śi</hi>vanum</rdg>

<note>The final <foreign>m·</foreign> looks like <foreign>ru</foreign>, but the vertical stroke is too short to be <foreign>r</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>vācat·ti</lem>

<note>Krishna Sastri reads anachronistically a later form of Grantah <foreign><hi rend="grantha">su</hi></foreign>.</note>

</app>

</app>

</app>

<lem><unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">ma</unclear><hi rend="grantha">ntrācāryya</hi>r</lem>

<note>The initial <foreign>ma</foreign> looks like <foreign>pa</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>kut=tikaḷai <choice><unclear>p</unclear><unclear>m</unclear></choice>eyitu</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01">kut=tika<unclear>ḷai</unclear>meytu</rdg>

</app>

<lem>Ip-paṉṉiruva<supplied reason="omitted">ru</supplied>m ēṟṟi</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01">Ip-paṉṉiru<unclear>var ē</unclear>ṟṟi</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Prosperity! Fortune!

</p>

Twenty-eight year of Nantivarmar.<note>Sanskrit Nandivarman.</note>

</p>

</div>

Prospérité! Fortune!

</p>

Vingt-huitième année de Nantivarmar<note>Sanskrit Nandivarman.</note>.

</p>

</div>

<p>

The king of the regnal year is identified as Nandivarman II, because of the high regnal year (28th).

</p>

<!--

S. Palaniappan:

For the name tavacikaṇāvar, you may want to explain it as made up of tavaci (<tapasvin) +kaṇa (<gaṇa) +ar.

For the Tamil morphophonemic rule 3.2 that applies here, see 'A reference grammar of Classical Tamil Poetry’ by V. S. Rajam, 1992, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, p. 70.-->

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1892-1893"/></bibl> (ARIE/1892-1893/B/1893/14).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"/></bibl> (SII 4.827), with visual documentation. Text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 80).</p>

<p>This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy, photos (2015), and the visual documentation published in <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"/></bibl>. Some characters now lost are legible on this visual documentation.</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>