Stela from Phu Lokhon (inscription of Citrasena-Mahendravarman, K. 363), 6th century Śaka
Editors: Kunthea Chhom, Auguste Barth, Dominic Goodall, Dominique Soutif.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00363.
Hand description:
The akṣaras are characteristic of the seventh century with long ornamental descenders.
Language: Sanskrit.
Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).
Version: (71863cc), last modified (25c6f3e).
Edition
I. Anuṣṭubh
⟨1⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[naptā śrī-sārvvabhauma](sya)
a⟨Column b⟩(sūnuś) śrī-vīravarmmaṇaḥ
b⟨2⟩ ⟨Column a⟩(śaktyānūnaẖ ka)ṇiṣṭho ’pi
c⟨Column b⟩bhrātā śrī-bhavavarmmaṇaḥ
dII. Anuṣṭubh
⟨3⟩ ⟨Column a⟩śrī-citrasenanāmā ya⟨Column b⟩ḫ
apūrvvam āhata-lakṣaṇaḥ
b⟨4⟩ ⟨Column a⟩sa śrī-mahendravarmmeti
c⟨Column b⟩nāma bheje ’bhiṣekajam·
dIII. Anuṣṭubh
⟨5⟩ ⟨Column a⟩jitveman ¡ṭ!⟨d⟩eśam akhila⟨Column b⟩ṅ
agiriśasyeha bhū-bhr̥ti
b⟨6⟩ ⟨Column a⟩liṅgan niveśayām āsa
c⟨Column b⟩jaya-cihnam ivātmanaḥ
dApparatus
Translation into French by Barth 1903
I
Lui, qui[…] fils de Śrī Vīravarman [et] nullement inférieur en puissance, bien que le plus jeune frère de Śrī Bhavavarman ;
II
Lui, Śrī Citrasena, qui possède toutes les marques de la majesté, a pris le nom de Śrī Mahendravarman lors de son sacre.
III
Après avoir conquis toute la contrée, il a, sur ce mont, établi ce liṅga de Giriśa comme le signe de sa victoire.
Translation by Goodall 2023
III
Having conquered this entire area, he planted a liṅga of Śiva here on this mountain, a Mark of Victory for himself, as it were.
Translation by Kunthea Chhom
I
Grandson of Śrī Sārvabhauma [and] son of Śrī Vīravarman, in spite of being the youngest brother of Śrī Bhavavarman [he was] not inferior in power.
II
He whose mark was well known (āhatalakṣaṇaḥ) previously by name Śrī Citrasena received Śrī Mahendravarman as a name created [at the time of his] enthronement.
III
Having conquered this entire country, [he] installed on the mountain here a liṅga of Giriśa as his insignia of victory.
Bibliography
Edited by Auguste Barth (1903, pp. 442–446) with a French translation; re-edited partly by Dominic Goodall (2023, p. 28) with English translation; re-edited here by Dominique Soutif and Kunthea Chhom based on the estampage EFEO 66 and the photos of estampage by Michel Lorrillard, DSCN0005, DSCN0006 and DSCN0007.
Primary
[AB] Barth, Auguste. 1903. “Inscription sanscrite du Phou Lokhon (Laos).” BEFEO 3, pp. 442–446. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1903.1236. [URL]. Pages 442–446.
[DG] Goodall, Dominic. 2023. Kālidāsa’s Kingship among the Khmers. Gonda Lecture 29. Amsterdam: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. [URL]. Page 28.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="eng">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Stela from Phu Lokhon (inscription of Citrasena-Mahendravarman, K. 363), 6th century Śaka</title>
<respStmt>
<resp>EpiDoc Encoding</resp>
<persName ref="part:kuch">
<forename>Kunthea</forename>
<surname>Chhom</surname>
</persName>
</respStmt>
<respStmt>
<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
<persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/22181866">
<forename>Auguste</forename>
<surname>Barth</surname>
</persName>
<persName ref="part:dogo">
<forename>Dominic</forename>
<surname>Goodall</surname>
</persName>
<persName ref="part:doso">
<foreign>Dominique</foreign>
<surname>Soutif</surname>
</persName>
<persName ref="part:kuch">
<forename>Kunthea</forename>
<surname>Chhom</surname>
</persName>
</respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>DHARMA</authority>
<pubPlace>Siem Reap</pubPlace>
<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSCIK00363</idno>
<availability>
<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Kunthea Chhom.</p>
</licence>
</availability>
<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><!-- only the handDesc can be filled in at this stage -->
<msDesc><!-- //// NB: the msIdentifier had to be added for validation purposes ///. It will be edited later with the metadata spreadsheet -->
<msIdentifier>
<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
<idno/>
<!-- don't modify this -->
</msIdentifier>
<msContents><!-- describe the intellectual content of an inscription -->
<summary><!-- //// NOT MANDATORY ////--></summary>
<!-- offers the possibility to give a summary of the inscription's content -->
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<handDesc>
<p>The <foreign>akṣara</foreign>s are characteristic of the seventh century with long ornamental descenders.
<!-- The script name(s) will be inserted here at a later stage from the metadata spreasheet. At this stage, you can mention here in a free-text paragraph any characteristics of the writing observed more than once in this inscription that seem unusual/uncommon or otherwise noteworthy given the general characteristics of the script in question. See EG 11.2. --></p>
<!-- If you need to identify individual hands (EG §7.5/) in addition to one or more paragraphs of general palaeographic description, wrap <summary> around the <p> or <p>s above, and, outside <summary>, create <handNote> elements for each hand as follows:
<summary><p><p/></summary>
<handNote xml:id="Pallava00001_hand1"></handNote>
<handNote xml:id="Pallava00001_hand2"></handNote>
-->
</handDesc>
</physDesc>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<projectDesc>
<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no 809994).</p>
</projectDesc>
<schemaRef type="guide" key="EGDv01" url="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02888186"/>
<listPrefixDef>
<prefixDef ident="bib" matchPattern="([a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+)" replacementPattern="https://www.zotero.org/groups/1633743/erc-dharma/items/tag/$1">
<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named
ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>
</prefixDef>
<prefixDef ident="part" matchPattern="([a-z]+)" replacementPattern="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml#$1">
<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the
<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>
</prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>
</encodingDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change who="part:kuch" when="2024-02-23" status="draft">Adding English translation of stanzas 3</change>
<change who="part:kuch" when="2023-03-21" status="draft">Slight modification to edition</change>
<change who="part:kuch" when="2023-03-16" status="draft">Adding paleographical description and slight modification to edition</change>
<change who="part:kuch" when="2022-04-20" status="draft">Initial encoding of the inscription</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text xml:space="preserve">
<body>
<div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:83231 maturity:00000">
<lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a"><lb n="1"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><supplied reason="lost">naptā śrī-sārvvabhauma</supplied><unclear>sya</unclear></l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/><unclear>sūnuś</unclear> śrī-vīravarmmaṇaḥ</l>
<l n="c"><lb n="2"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><unclear>śaktyānūnaẖ ka</unclear>ṇiṣṭho 'pi</l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>bhrātā śrī-bhavavarmmaṇaḥ</l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a"><lb n="3"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>śrī-citrasenanāmā ya<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/>ḫ</l>
<l n="b">pūrvvam āhata-lakṣaṇaḥ</l>
<l n="c"><lb n="4"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>sa śrī-mahendravarmmeti</l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>nāma bheje 'bhiṣekajam·</l>
</lg>
<lg n="3" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a" real="++++---+"><lb n="5"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>jitveman <choice><orig>ṭ</orig><reg>d</reg></choice>eśam akhila<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/>ṅ</l>
<l n="b">giriśasyeha bhū-bhr̥ti</l>
<l n="c"><lb n="6"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>liṅgan niveśayām āsa</l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>jaya-cihnam ivātmanaḥ</l>
</lg>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<listApp>
<app loc="1">
<lem><supplied reason="lost">naptā śrīsārvvabhauma</supplied><unclear>sya</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Barth1903_01"><seg met="==="><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>ā <seg met="-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg>ryyā <seg met="+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg> ya<space/><unclear>s</unclear></rdg>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>ḫ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Barth1903_01">s</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>pūrvva°</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Barth1903_01">sarvva°</rdg>
</app>
</listApp>
</div>
<div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Barth1903_01">
<p rend="stanza" n="1">Lui, qui<gap reason="lost"/> fils de Śrī Vīravarman <supplied reason="subaudible">et</supplied> nullement inférieur en puissance, bien que le plus jeune frère de Śrī Bhavavarman ;</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="2">Lui, Śrī Citrasena, qui possède toutes les marques de la majesté, a pris le nom de Śrī Mahendravarman lors de son sacre.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="3">Après avoir conquis toute la contrée, il a, sur ce mont, établi ce liṅga de Giriśa comme le signe de sa victoire.</p>
</div>
<div type="translation" source="bib:Goodall2023_02">
<p rend="stanza" n="3">Having conquered this entire area, he planted a <foreign>liṅga</foreign> of Śiva here on this mountain, a Mark of Victory for himself, as it were.</p>
</div>
<div type="translation" resp="part:kuch"><!-- The translation is to be revised after checking the identical inscriptions. -->
<p rend="stanza" n="1">Grandson of Śrī Sārvabhauma <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> son of Śrī Vīravarman, in spite of being the youngest brother of Śrī Bhavavarman <supplied reason="subaudible">he was</supplied> not inferior in power.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="2">He whose mark was well known <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āhatalakṣaṇaḥ</foreign></supplied> previously by name Śrī Citrasena received Śrī Mahendravarman as a name created <supplied reason="subaudible">at the time of his</supplied> enthronement.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="3">Having conquered this entire country, <supplied reason="subaudible">he</supplied> installed on the mountain here a <foreign>liṅga</foreign> of Giriśa as his insignia of victory.</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>The three stanzas of this inscription are identical to those of five inscriptions, viz. <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00496.xml">K. 496</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00497.xml">K. 497</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00508.xml">K. 508</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01106.xml">K. 1106</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01190.xml">K. 1190</ref>.</p> <!-- There is another identical inscription Ka 218 but it is not fully identified for the time being. -->
<p>The first two stanzas of this inscription are identical to those of five inscriptions, viz. <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00509.xml">K. 509</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01102.xml">K. 1102</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01174.xml">K. 1174</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01339.xml">K. 1339</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01340.xml">K. 1340</ref>.</p>
<p>The first stanza of this inscription is identical to that of inscriptions <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01173.xml">K. 1173</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01341.xml">K. 1341</ref>.</p>
<p>The restitution of the <foreign>pāda</foreign> a of the first stanza is based on <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00496.xml">K. 496</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00508.xml">K. 508</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00509.xml">K. 509</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01102.xml">K. 1102</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01106.xml">K. 1106</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01173.xml">K. 1173</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01174.xml">K. 1174</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01339.xml">K. 1339</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01340.xml">K. 1340</ref> ; the stanza in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00497.xml">K. 497</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01190.xml">K. 1190</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01341.xml">K. 1341</ref> is fragmentary.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>Edited by Auguste Barth (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Barth1903_01"/><citedRange unit="page">442-446</citedRange></bibl>) with a French translation; re-edited partly by Dominic Goodall (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Goodall2023_02"/><citedRange unit="page">28</citedRange></bibl>) with English translation; re-edited here by Dominique Soutif and Kunthea Chhom based on the estampage EFEO 66 and the photos of estampage by Michel Lorrillard, DSCN0005, DSCN0006 and DSCN0007.</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="AB">
<ptr target="bib:Barth1903_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">442-446</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl n="DG">
<ptr target="bib:Goodall2023_02"/><citedRange unit="page">28</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
Commentary
The three stanzas of this inscription are identical to those of five inscriptions, viz. K. 496, K. 497, K. 508, K. 1106 and K. 1190.
The first two stanzas of this inscription are identical to those of five inscriptions, viz. K. 509, K. 1102, K. 1174, K. 1339 and K. 1340.
The first stanza of this inscription is identical to that of inscriptions K. 1173 and K. 1341.
The restitution of the pāda a of the first stanza is based on K. 496, K. 508, K. 509, K. 1102, K. 1106, K. 1173, K. 1174, K. 1339 and K. 1340 ; the stanza in K. 497, K. 1190 and K. 1341 is fragmentary.