SII 3.12: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “I—INSCRIPTIONS IN THE VISHNU TEMPLE AT UKKAL. No. 12.—ON THE WEST WALL OF THE MANDAPA.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 37th year of the reign of “Parakēsarivarman, the conqueror of Madirai (Madhurā),” i.e. of the Chōḷa king Parāntaka I.,¹ who reigned from about A.D. 900 to 940.² It records that the villagers granted to the temple the village of Śōdiyambākkam, which was situated to the north of their own village. Śōdiyambākkam³ still bears the same name and lies 3 1/4 miles north of Ukkal.

In the preceding inscription (No. 11, l. 7), which belongs to the 16th year of Parakēsarivarman, Śōdiyambākkam is designated as ‘a village (belonging to) this god,’ i.e. to the Vishṇu temple at Ukkal. At first sight it might be concluded from this that No. 11 is of later date than No. 12, and consequently, Parakēsarivarman one of the successors of Parāntaka I. On the other hand, it is but natural to assume that Parāntaka I. prefixed the title Madirai-koṇḍa to his name Parakēsarivarman, in order to distinguish it from earlier Chōḷa kings named Parakēsarivarman, and that any Parakēsarivarman who succeeded Parāntaka I. would have followed the example of the latter and adopted a similar distinguishing epithet. Hence I believe that the inscriptions of Parakēsarivarman⁴ belong to an earlier king than Parāntaka I. The subjoined inscription would then record a mere renewal or confirmation of the gift of the village of Śōdiyambākkam, which had already belonged to the temple in the time of Parakēsarivarman.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0012.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0012.xml.

Version: 2026-04-17 20:51 (91a7006), last modified 2026-04-08 11:47 (e3e1072).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] matirai koṇṭa kopparakesaripa(r)mmaṟku yāṇṭu muppa(t)t(e)ḻāvatu kāliyūrkkoṭṭattuttaṉ kūṟṟuccivacūḷā⟨⟨(maṇi)⟩⟩ma(ṅ)ka(la)māki(ya) śrīvikra-
⟨2⟩ mābharaṇaccaturvvedima(ṃ)galattu sabhaiyom [|] Emmūrppu⟨⟨va⟩⟩ṉi(m)āṇikkaviṣṇugṛhattupperumāṉaṭikaḷukku devabhogamā-
⟨3⟩ ka Ivar muṉṉuṭaiya periya nan=tavāṉamuṭpaṭa Emmūr vaṭapiṭākaiccotiyampākkamāṉa Ūru(m) Ūrirukkaiyum Eriyu-
⟨4⟩ naṉceyyum puṉceyyum vaḷaiyiṟcuṟṟu Uṭumpoṭi Āmai tavaḻntatepperppaṭṭatum (I)ppuvaṉimāṇik-
⟨5⟩ kaviṣṇugṛhat(tu)pperumāṉaṭikaḷukku Ārādhippārkkum A(r)ccanābhogattukkuntrikālanti(ru)vamṛtukkum Iraṇṭu no(n=t)āviḷakku⟨kku⟩m sa(ndhi)kaḷil (dī)pa-
⟨6⟩ m(ā)lai(ka)ḷukkum tiruvutsavattukkum (A)yaṉamum viṣuvum ¿gṛ?haṇamum snapanañce(y)vatākavum śrībalikkuntiruvuṇṇāḻikaippuṟamaṟṟumep-
⟨7⟩ perppaṭṭatukkun(d)evabhogamāvatākavum [|] Ivvūr (cu)ṭṭi Epperppaṭṭa Iṟaiyuṅkāṭṭappeṟātomākavum [|] Ivvūr Eṟiṉa kuṭikaḷai sabhāniyogatt(ā)l sa¿M?vatsara-
⟨8⟩ vāriyañceyvomum E(ri)vāriyañceyvomum toṭṭavāriyañceyvomum Ikkuṭikaḷai veṭṭi(yu)m veti(ḷai)yum vālakkāṇamum koḷḷappeṟātom(ā)-
⟨9⟩ kavum [|] Ivvūrkkuṭika(ḷai)kkuṟṟandoṣamaṉṟu⟦ṭu⟧⟨⟨(p)⟩⟩āṭu devarey (da)ṇḍittukkoḷvatākavum [|] Oṭṭikkuṭut(tu) ¿ślā?lekhai ceytu Eḻuttu veṭṭikkuṭuttom sa-
⟨10⟩ bhaiyom [|] Ita(ṉ)ṟe(ṉ)ṟu Iṟa⟨k⟩(ka) nikā¿ntya?ñco(ṉ)ṉom kaṅkai Iṭaikkumari Iṭaicceytār ceyta pāva(ṅ)koḷv¿(ā)r?ākavum [|] Itaṟ(ti)ṟampi(ṉom)e śraddhāma(nda)-
⟨11⟩ (r)ey mey veṟu nicati nūṟṟeṭ(ṭukkā)ṇan(ta)ṇṭappaṭa Oṭṭikkuṭuttom sabhaiyom [|] Issabhaiyuḷḷirun=tu sa(bh)aiyār paṇippaveḻu(tiṉ)e(ṉ) Ivvūr maddhya(stha)ṉ (po)ṟṟik=kuṟi brahmapriya⟨ṉ⟩e⟨ṉ ∥⟩

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] matirai koṇṭa kopparakesaripa(r)mmaṟku yāṇṭu muppa(t)t(e)ḻāvatu kāliyūrkkoṭṭattuttaṉ kūṟṟuccivacūḷā⟨⟨(maṇi)⟩⟩ma(ṅ)ka(la)māki(ya) śrīvikra⟨2⟩mābharaṇaccaturvvedima(ṃ)galattu sabhaiyom [|] Emmūrppu⟨⟨va⟩⟩ṉi(m)āṇikkaviṣṇugṛhattupperumāṉaṭikaḷukku devabhogamā⟨3⟩ka Ivar muṉṉuṭaiya periya nan=tavāṉamuṭpaṭa Emmūr vaṭapiṭākaiccotiyampākkamāṉa Ūru(m) Ūrirukkaiyum Eriyu⟨4⟩naṉceyyum puṉceyyum vaḷaiyiṟcuṟṟu Uṭumpoṭi Āmai tavaḻntatepperppaṭṭatum (I)ppuvaṉimāṇik⟨5⟩kaviṣṇugṛhat(tu)pperumāṉaṭikaḷukku Ārādhippārkkum A(r)ccanābhogattukkuntrikālanti(ru)vamṛtukkum Iraṇṭu no(n=t)āviḷakku⟨kku⟩m sa(ndhi)kaḷil (dī)pa⟨6⟩m(ā)lai(ka)ḷukkum tiruvutsavattukkum (A)yaṉamum viṣuvum ⟨gra⟩haṇamum snapanañce(y)vatākavum śrībalikkuntiruvuṇṇāḻikaippuṟamaṟṟumep⟨7⟩perppaṭṭatukkun(d)evabhogamāvatākavum [|] Ivvūr (cu)ṭṭi Epperppaṭṭa Iṟaiyuṅkāṭṭappeṟātomākavum [|] Ivvūr Eṟiṉa kuṭikaḷai sabhāniyogatt(ā)l sa⟨ṁ⟩vatsara⟨8⟩vāriyañceyvomum E(ri)vāriyañceyvomum toṭṭavāriyañceyvomum Ikkuṭikaḷai veṭṭi(yu)m veti(ḷai)yum vālakkāṇamum koḷḷappeṟātom(ā)⟨9⟩kavum [|] Ivvūrkkuṭika(ḷai)kkuṟṟandoṣamaṉṟu⟦ṭu⟧⟨⟨(p)⟩⟩āṭu devarey (da)ṇḍittukkoḷvatākavum [|] Oṭṭikkuṭut(tu) ⟨śilā⟩lekhai ceytu Eḻuttu veṭṭikkuṭuttom sa⟨10⟩bhaiyom [|] Ita(ṉ)ṟe(ṉ)ṟu Iṟa⟨k⟩(ka) nikā⟨ta⟩ñco(ṉ)ṉom kaṅkai Iṭaikkumari Iṭaicceytār ceyta pāva(ṅ)koḷv⟨om⟩ākavum [|] Itaṟ(ti)ṟampi(ṉom)e śraddhāma(nda)⟨11⟩(r)ey mey veṟu nicati nūṟṟeṭ(ṭukkā)ṇan(ta)ṇṭappaṭa Oṭṭikkuṭuttom sabhaiyom [|] Issabhaiyuḷḷirun=tu sa(bh)aiyār paṇippaveḻu(tiṉ)e(ṉ) Ivvūr maddhya(stha)ṉ (po)ṟṟik=kuṟi brahmapriya⟨ṉ⟩e⟨ṉ ∥⟩

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] matirai koṇṭa kopparakesaripa(r)mmaṟku yāṇṭu muppa(t)t(e)ḻāvatu kāliyūrkkoṭṭattuttaṉ kūṟṟuccivacūḷā⟨⟨(maṇi)⟩⟩ma(ṅ)ka(la)māki(ya) śrīvikra⟨2⟩mābharaṇaccaturvvedima(ṃ)galattu sabhaiyom [|] Emmūrppu⟨⟨va⟩⟩ṉi(m)āṇikkaviṣṇugṛhattupperumāṉaṭikaḷukku devabhogamā⟨3⟩ka Ivar muṉṉuṭaiya periya nan=tavāṉamuṭpaṭa Emmūr vaṭapiṭākaiccotiyampākkamāṉa Ūru(m) Ūrirukkaiyum Eriyu⟨4⟩naṉceyyum puṉceyyum vaḷaiyiṟcuṟṟu Uṭumpoṭi Āmai tavaḻntatepperppaṭṭatum (I)ppuvaṉimāṇik⟨5⟩kaviṣṇugṛhat(tu)pperumāṉaṭikaḷukku Ārādhippārkkum A(r)ccanābhogattukkuntrikālanti(ru)vamṛtukkum Iraṇṭu no(n=t)āviḷakku⟨kku⟩m sa(ndhi)kaḷil (dī)pa⟨6⟩m(ā)lai(ka)ḷukkum tiruvutsavattukkum (A)yaṉamum viṣuvum ¿gṛ?⟨gra⟩haṇamum snapanañce(y)vatākavum śrībalikkuntiruvuṇṇāḻikaippuṟamaṟṟumep⟨7⟩perppaṭṭatukkun(d)evabhogamāvatākavum [|] Ivvūr (cu)ṭṭi Epperppaṭṭa Iṟaiyuṅkāṭṭappeṟātomākavum [|] Ivvūr Eṟiṉa kuṭikaḷai sabhāniyogatt(ā)l sa¿M?⟨ṁ⟩vatsara⟨8⟩vāriyañceyvomum E(ri)vāriyañceyvomum toṭṭavāriyañceyvomum Ikkuṭikaḷai veṭṭi(yu)m veti(ḷai)yum vālakkāṇamum koḷḷappeṟātom(ā)⟨9⟩kavum [|] Ivvūrkkuṭika(ḷai)kkuṟṟandoṣamaṉṟu⟦ṭu⟧⟨⟨(p)⟩⟩āṭu devarey (da)ṇḍittukkoḷvatākavum [|] Oṭṭikkuṭut(tu) ¿ślā?⟨śilā⟩lekhai ceytu Eḻuttu veṭṭikkuṭuttom sa⟨10⟩bhaiyom [|] Ita(ṉ)ṟe(ṉ)ṟu Iṟa⟨k⟩(ka) nikā¿ntya?⟨ta⟩ñco(ṉ)ṉom kaṅkai Iṭaikkumari Iṭaicceytār ceyta pāva(ṅ)koḷv¿(ā)r?⟨om⟩ākavum [|] Itaṟ(ti)ṟampi(ṉom)e śraddhāma(nda)⟨11⟩(r)ey mey veṟu nicati nūṟṟeṭ(ṭukkā)ṇan(ta)ṇṭappaṭa Oṭṭikkuṭuttom sabhaiyom [|] Issabhaiyuḷḷirun=tu sa(bh)aiyār paṇippaveḻu(tiṉ)e(ṉ) Ivvūr maddhya(stha)ṉ (po)ṟṟik=kuṟi brahmapriya⟨ṉ⟩e⟨ṉ ∥⟩

Apparatus

⟨9⟩ (p)āṭu • The pa of pāṭu is corrected from ṭu.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the thirty-seventh year (of the reign) of king Parakēsarivarman who conquered Madirai,—we, the assembly of Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, (a village) in its own subdivision of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, (ordered as follows):—

(L. 2.) To the god of the Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugṛiham in our village shall belong, as a divine gift (dēva-bhōga), the village called Śōdiyambākkam, a hamlet (piḍāgai) to the north of our village,—including the great flower-garden which belonged to this (temple) previously,—the site of the village,⁵ the tank, the wet land, the dry land, and everything within (its) limits, on which the iguana runs and the tortoise crawls,⁶ for the worshippers of the god of this Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugṛiham, for the requirements of the worship, for oblations (tiruvamṛidu) at the three times (of the day),⁷ for two perpetual lamps, for rows of lamps at twilight, for festivals, for the bathing (of the idol) at solstices, equinoxes and eclipses, for offerings (śrībali), (for) supplies⁸ to the store-room⁹ of the temple, and for all other purposes.

(L. 7.) We shall not be entitled to levy any kind of tax from this village. We, (the great men) elected for the year, we, (the great men) elected for (the supervision of) the tank, and we, (the great men) elected for (the supervision of) gardens, shall not be entitled to claim, at the order of the assembly, forced labour (veṭṭi),¹⁰ vēdi[ḷai] and vālakkāṇam from the inhabitants settled in this village.

(L. 9.) (If) a crime (or) sin becomes public, the god (i.e. the temple authorities) alone shall punish the inhabitants of this village (for it). Having agreed (thus), we, the assembly, engraved (this) on stone.¹¹

(L. 10.) If we utter the untruth that this is not (as stated above), in order to injure (the charity), we shall incur (all) the sins committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari. We, the assembly, agree to pay a fine of one hundred and eight kāṇam per day, if we fail in this through indifference¹² . . . . .¹³

(L. 11.) Having been present in this assembly, I, the arbitrator of this village, [Po]ṟṟikkuṟi Brahmapriyaṉ, wrote (this) at the order of the assembly.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.12 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 18–20, item 12, plate III.

Notes

1. See Vol. II. pp. 374 and 379 f.
2. See ibid. p. 381.
3. No. 246 on the Madras Survey Map of the Arcot tāluka.
4. See above, p. 17, note 4.
5. The term ūr-irukkai occurs in the Tañjāvūr inscriptions, Vol. II. Nos. 4 and 5.
6. Compare Vol. II. p. 360, note 1.
7. See above, p. 11, note 3.
8. On puṟam see above, p. 6, note 9.
9. This translation of uṇṇāḻigai is conjectural. The same word occurs in Vol. I. Nos. 82, 83, 145 and 150. Compare iḍanāḻi, ‘a passage between two rooms,’ in Dr. Gundert’s Malayāḷam Dictionary, p. 100.
10. See Ep. Ind. Vol. III. p. 323, note 1.
11. The ‘engraving’ is expressed twice, first in Sanskrit and then in Tamil.
12. Compare above, No. 7, l. 6.
13. On mey veṟu see above, p. 13, note 1.

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<title type="alt">I—INSCRIPTIONS IN THE VISHNU TEMPLE AT UKKAL. No. 12.—ON THE WEST WALL OF THE MANDAPA.</title>

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<p>This inscription is dated in the 37th year of the reign of “<hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, the conqueror of Madirai (Madhurā),” <hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> of the <hi rend="bold">Chōḷa</hi> king <hi rend="bold">Parāntaka</hi> I.,<note>See Vol. II. pp. 374 and 379 f.</note> who reigned from about A.D. 900 to 940.<note>See <hi rend="italic">ibid.</hi> p. 381.</note> It records that the villagers granted to the temple the village of <hi rend="bold">Śōdiyambākkam</hi>, which was situated to the north of their own village. Śōdiyambākkam<note>No. 246 on the <hi rend="italic">Madras Survey Map</hi> of the Arcot tāluka.</note> still bears the same name and lies 3 1/4 miles north of Ukkal.</p>

<p>In the preceding inscription (No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0011">11</ref>, l. 7), which belongs to the 16th year of <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman, Śōdiyambākkam</hi> is designated as ‘a village (belonging to) this god,’ <hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> to the Vishṇu temple at Ukkal. At first sight it might be concluded from this that No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0011">11</ref> is of later date than No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0012">12</ref>, and consequently, Parakēsarivarman one of the successors of Parāntaka I. On the other hand, it is but natural to assume that Parāntaka I. prefixed the title <hi rend="italic">Madirai-koṇḍa</hi> to his name <hi rend="italic">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, in order to distinguish it from earlier Chōḷa kings named Parakēsarivarman, and that any Parakēsarivarman who succeeded Parāntaka I. would have followed the example of the latter and adopted a similar distinguishing epithet. Hence I believe that the inscriptions of Parakēsarivarman<note>See above, p. 17, note 4.</note> belong to an earlier king than Parāntaka I. The subjoined inscription would then record a mere renewal or confirmation of the gift of the village of Śōdiyambākkam, which had already belonged to the temple in the time of Parakēsarivarman.</p>

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<lb n="7" break="no"/>perppaṭṭatukkun<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>d</unclear>evabhoga</hi>māvatākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ivvūr <unclear>cu</unclear>ṭṭi Epperppaṭṭa Iṟaiyuṅkāṭṭappeṟātomākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ivvūr Eṟiṉa kuṭikaḷai <hi rend="grantha">sabhā</hi>niyo<hi rend="grantha">ga</hi>tt<unclear>ā</unclear>l <hi rend="grantha">sa<choice><sic>M</sic><corr>ṁ</corr></choice>vatsara</hi>

<lb n="8" break="no"/>vāriyañceyvomum E<unclear>ri</unclear>vāriyañceyvomum toṭṭavāriyañceyvomum Ikkuṭikaḷai veṭṭi<unclear>yu</unclear>m veti<unclear>ḷai</unclear>yum vālakkāṇamum koḷḷappeṟātom<unclear>ā</unclear>

<lb n="9" break="no"/>kavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ivvūrkkuṭika<unclear>ḷai</unclear>kkuṟṟan<hi rend="grantha">doṣa</hi>maṉṟu<del>ṭu</del><add place="unspecified"><unclear>p</unclear></add>āṭu <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>varey <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>da</unclear>ṇḍi</hi>ttukkoḷvatākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Oṭṭikkuṭut<unclear>tu</unclear> <hi rend="grantha"><choice><sic>ślā</sic><corr>śilā</corr></choice>lekhai</hi> ceytu Eḻuttu veṭṭikkuṭuttom <hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>

<lb n="10" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">bhai</hi>yom <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ita<unclear>ṉ</unclear>ṟe<unclear>ṉ</unclear>ṟu Iṟa<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied><unclear>ka</unclear> nikā<choice><sic><hi rend="grantha">ntya</hi></sic><corr>ta</corr></choice>ñco<unclear>ṉ</unclear>ṉom kaṅkai Iṭaikkumari Iṭaicceytār ceyta pāva<unclear>ṅ</unclear>koḷv<choice><sic><unclear>ā</unclear>r</sic><corr>om</corr></choice>ākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Itaṟ<unclear>ti</unclear>ṟampi<unclear>ṉom</unclear>e <hi rend="grantha">śraddhāma<unclear>nda</unclear></hi>

<lb n="11" break="no"/><unclear>r</unclear>ey mey veṟu nicati nūṟṟeṭ<unclear>ṭukkā</unclear>ṇan<unclear>ta</unclear>ṇṭappaṭa Oṭṭikkuṭuttom <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> I<hi rend="grantha">ssabhai</hi>yuḷḷirun=tu <hi rend="grantha">sa<unclear>bh</unclear>ai</hi>yār paṇippaveḻu<unclear>tiṉ</unclear>e<unclear>ṉ</unclear> Ivvūr <hi rend="grantha">maddhya<unclear>stha</unclear></hi>ṉ <unclear>po</unclear>ṟṟik=kuṟi <hi rend="grantha">brahmapri</hi>ya<supplied reason="omitted">ṉ</supplied>e<supplied reason="omitted">ṉ <g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied>

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<note>The <foreign>pa</foreign> of <foreign>pāṭu</foreign> is corrected from <foreign>ṭu</foreign>.</note>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the thirty-seventh year (<hi rend="italic">of the reign</hi>) of king <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi> who conquered <hi rend="bold">Madirai</hi>,—we, the assembly of <hi rend="bold">Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a village</hi>) in its own subdivision of <hi rend="bold">Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">ordered as follows):</hi>—</p>

<p>(L. 2.) To the god of the <hi rend="bold">Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugṛiham</hi> in our village shall belong, as a divine gift (<hi rend="italic">dēva-bhōga</hi>), the village called <hi rend="bold">Śōdiyambākkam</hi>, a hamlet (<hi rend="italic">piḍāgai</hi>) to the north of our village,—including the great flower-garden which belonged to this (<hi rend="italic">temple</hi>) previously,—the site of the village,<note>The term <hi rend="italic">ūr-irukkai</hi> occurs in the Tañjāvūr inscriptions, Vol. II. Nos. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv02p0i0004">4</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv02p0i0005">5</ref>.</note> the tank, the wet land, the dry land, and everything within (<hi rend="italic">its</hi>) limits, on which the iguana runs and the tortoise crawls,<note>Compare Vol. II. p. 360, note 1.</note> for the worshippers of the god of this <hi rend="bold">Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugṛiham</hi>, for the requirements of the worship, for oblations (<hi rend="italic">tiruvamṛidu</hi>) at the three times (<hi rend="italic">of the day</hi>),<note>See above, p. 11, note 3.</note> for two perpetual lamps, for rows of lamps at twilight, for festivals, for the bathing (<hi rend="italic">of the idol</hi>) at solstices, equinoxes and eclipses, for offerings (<hi rend="italic">śrībali), (for</hi>) supplies<note>On <hi rend="italic">puṟam</hi> see above, p. 6, note 9.</note> to the store-room<note>This translation of <hi rend="italic">uṇṇāḻigai</hi> is conjectural. The same word occurs in Vol. I. Nos. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0082">82</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0083">83</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0145">145</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0150">150</ref>. Compare <hi rend="italic">iḍanāḻi</hi>, ‘a passage between two rooms,’ in Dr. Gundert's <hi rend="italic">Malayāḷam Dictionary</hi>, p. 100.</note> of the temple, and for all other purposes.</p>

<p>(L. 7.) We shall not be entitled to levy any kind of tax from this village. We, (<hi rend="italic">the great men</hi>) elected for the year, we, (<hi rend="italic">the great men</hi>) elected for (<hi rend="italic">the supervision of</hi>) the tank, and we, (<hi rend="italic">the great men</hi>) elected for (<hi rend="italic">the supervision of</hi>) gardens, shall not be entitled to claim, at the order of the assembly, forced labour (<hi rend="italic">veṭṭi</hi>),<note>See <hi rend="italic">Ep. Ind</hi>. Vol. III. p. 323, note 1.</note> <hi rend="italic">vēdi[ḷai]</hi> and <hi rend="italic">vālakkāṇam</hi> from the inhabitants settled in this village.</p>

<p>(L. 9.) (<hi rend="italic">If</hi>) a crime (<hi rend="italic">or</hi>) sin becomes public, the god (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> the temple authorities) alone shall punish the inhabitants of this village (<hi rend="italic">for it</hi>). Having agreed (<hi rend="italic">thus</hi>), we, the assembly, engraved (<hi rend="italic">this</hi>) on stone.<note>The ‘engraving’ is expressed twice, first in Sanskrit and then in Tamil.</note> </p>

<p>(L. 10.) If we utter the untruth that this is not (<hi rend="italic">as stated above</hi>), in order to injure (<hi rend="italic">the charity</hi>), we shall incur (<hi rend="italic">all</hi>) the sins committed between the <hi rend="bold">Gaṅgā</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Kumari</hi>. We, the assembly, agree to pay a fine of one hundred and eight <hi rend="italic">kāṇam</hi> per day, if we fail in this through indifference<note>Compare above, No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0007">7</ref>, l. 6.</note> . . . . .<note>On <foreign>mey veṟu</foreign> see above, p. 13, note 1.</note> </p>

<p>(L. 11.) Having been present in this assembly, I, the arbitrator of this village, <hi rend="bold">[Po]ṟṟikkuṟi Brahmapriyaṉ</hi>, wrote (<hi rend="italic">this</hi>) at the order of the assembly.</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.12 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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