SII 3.7: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “I—INSCRIPTIONS IN THE VISHNU TEMPLE AT UKKAL. No. 7.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 16th year of the reign of “Kaṇṇaradēva, the conqueror of Kachchi (i.e. Kāñchīpura) and Tañjai (i.e. Tañjāvūr).” Mr. Venkayya has identified this king with Kṛishṇa III. of the Rāshṭrakūṭa dynasty (A.D. 940 and 956).¹

At the end of each line, about fifteen syllables are built in. Hence the translation remains fragmentary. As far as it can be made out, the inscription appears to record that the village assembly ordered the land which had lapsed to it, to be sold, and imposed certain conditions and fines in connection with this arrangement.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0007.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0007.xml.

Version: 2026-04-17 20:51 (91a7006), last modified 2026-04-08 11:47 (e3e1072).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] kacciyunta(ñ)caiyuṅkoṇṭa śrīkaṇ=ṇaradevaṟku yāṇṭu patiṉā(ṟā)vatu kāliyūrkkoṭṭattuttaṉ kūṟṟucci(va)cū[ḷāmaṇimaṅkalamākiya śrīvikramā]
⟨2⟩ bharaṇac¿cutu?(r){(v)}(ve)¿ti?maṅkalattu sabhaiyom Emmūrppuvaṉimāṇikkaviṣṇugṛhattu mukamaṇṭakattey kū(ṭi)yirun(tu) [**********]
⟨3⟩ yāvatu [|] Em(mū)rkkuṭikaḷ Emm¿u?rppaṭākaivaṭṭattu ku(ṭu)ppolai m¿o?ṟpaṭṭa nilaṅkaḷumaṟṟumepperppaṭṭa⟨⟨ṉa⟩⟩vum ⟨⟨kuḻi . . . taṉ⟩⟩ sabhai madhya(ma) [*******] ⟨Ippari⟩-
⟨4⟩ cu madhyammāyk=kiṭa⟨⟨n⟩⟩ta nilaṅkaḷ kuḻiva(ri)yeṟṟi (I)ṟai (I)ṟuppomeṉṟa ku(ṭi)kaḷukku viṟṟukkuṭuppomākavum [|] Ivviṟṟukkuṭutta bhūmikaḷ Emmuteṉṟu Epperppaṭṭāruṅkuṭuppolaiyum Āvaṇamuṅkāṭṭa(p)peṟā(t)ārākavum [|] Ipparicu kāṭṭiṉa kuṭima(kkaḷai) ta [********] [kaḻañ]-
⟨5⟩ (cu) poṉ sabhaiyome daṇḍippomākavum [|] Ittaṭu(t)ta kuṭimakkaḷ¿ai? dha(r)mmāsaṉattu nicati mey ve(ṟu nū)ṟṟeṭṭukkāṇam daṇḍamiṭappe(ṟu)vārākavum [|] I⟨d⟩daṇḍamiṭap(p)oṅkuṭimakkaḷukku A¿vap?avvāṇṭu vāriyañceyyum perumakkaḷey perāl nicataṅkuṉṟippo(ṉ) [**********]
⟨6⟩ (I)pparicu śraddhā¿ma(n)tar? daṇḍamiṭṭārkku vārppal kuṭuttum tāṅkaḷey daṇḍittum Āṭciyiṭaiyūṟu (tī)rttukkuṭārākila⟨v⟩(vā)ṇṭu vāriyañ(ce)yyum peruma⟨⟨kkaḷ{aiy}u⟩⟩me{y} veṟṟu vakai Irupattunālu kāṇam daṇḍamiṭappeṟuvārākavu(m) [|] Ittaṇḍappaṭṭum Avv¿a Ā?ṇṭu vāri(ya)ñce(y) [**********]

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī • These two words are engraved to the left of lines 2 and 3. — ⟨1⟩ kūṟṟucci(va)cū [10+] • Here the following syllables are built in: ḷāmaṇimaṅkalamākiya śrīvikramā-

⟨3⟩ epperppaṭṭaṉavum • The ṉa of ṉavum has been added subsequently; behind ṉavum, a cross above the line marks an omission, and the words kuḻi . . . taṉ are entered below m sabhai.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the sixteenth year (of the reign) of the glorious Kaṇṇaradēva who conquered Kachchi and Tañjai,—we, the assembly of Śivachū- [ḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias Śrī-Vikramā]bharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, (a village) in its own subdivision of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, being assembled in the front hall² of the Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugṛiham in our village, [ordered] as follows:—

(L. 3.) The inhabitants of our village . . . . . . . . . . the land and everything else that is not the object of deeds of gift,³ in the environs⁴ of our village . . . . . . . . . . the common property (madhyama) of the assembly.

(L. 4.) We shall sell the land which has thus become the common property (of the assembly), to those inhabitants who promise to pay taxes on each kuḻi. No persons shall be allowed to produce deeds of gift or deeds of sale (āvaṇam) in order to show that the land thus sold belongs to themselves. We, the assembly, shall levy a fine of . . . . . [kaḻañju] of gold . . . . . . . . . . from those inhabitants who produce such (deeds).

(L. 5.) Those inhabitants who do not submit to this, shall be liable to pay into court (dharmāsana) a fine of one hundred and eight kāṇam . . . . .⁵ per day. To each of the inhabitants who have to pay this fine, the great men elected for that year . . . . . . . . . . (one) kuṉṟi of gold per day.

(L. 6.) If, through indifference, though . . . . . was thus given to those who pay the fine and though they themselves have fined (them), they are not able to remove the obstacles to the possession (āṭchi), the great men elected for that year shall be liable to pay an additional fine of twenty-four kāṇam. Though they are fined thus, [the great men] elected for that year . . . . . . . . . .

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.7 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 11–13, item 7.

Notes

1. See Ep. Ind. Vol. III. p. 282 ff. and Vol. IV. p. 81 f. Here the name of the king is spelt with ṇṇ in the second syllable, while his other inscriptions spell it with ṉṉ.
2. mukamaṇṭakam is a Tamil form of the Sanskrit mukha-maṇḍapa.
3. Literally, ‘that is beyond deeds of gift’ (kuḍupp-ōlai).
4. Literally, ‘in the circle of hamlets’ (paḍāgai-vaṭṭam).
5. The two obscure words mey veṟu occur again in No. 12, line 11.

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<title>SII 3.7: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch</title>

<title type="alt">I—INSCRIPTIONS IN THE VISHNU TEMPLE AT UKKAL. No. 7.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE.</title>

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<p>This inscription is dated in the 16th year of the reign of “<hi rend="bold">Kaṇṇaradēva</hi>, the conqueror of <hi rend="bold">Kachchi</hi> (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> Kāñchīpura) and <hi rend="bold">Tañjai</hi> (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> Tañjāvūr).” Mr. Venkayya has identified this king with <hi rend="bold">Kṛishṇa</hi> III. of the <hi rend="bold">Rāshṭrakūṭa</hi> dynasty (A.D. 940 and 956).<note>See <hi rend="italic">Ep. Ind</hi>. Vol. III. p. 282 ff. and Vol. IV. p. 81 f. Here the name of the king is spelt with <hi rend="italic">ṇṇ</hi> in the second syllable, while his other inscriptions spell it with <hi rend="italic">ṉṉ</hi>.</note> </p>

<p>At the end of each line, about fifteen syllables are built in. Hence the translation remains fragmentary. As far as it can be made out, the inscription appears to record that the village assembly ordered the land which had lapsed to it, to be sold, and imposed certain conditions and fines in connection with this arrangement.</p>

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<lb n="2"/><hi rend="grantha">bhara</hi>ṇac<choice><sic>cutu</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">catu</hi></corr></choice><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear><surplus><unclear>v</unclear></surplus><unclear>ve</unclear></hi><choice><sic>ti</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">di</hi></corr></choice>maṅkalattu <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom Emmūrppuvaṉimāṇikkavi<hi rend="grantha">ṣṇugṛha</hi>ttu mukamaṇṭakattey kū<unclear>ṭi</unclear>yirun<unclear>tu</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/>

<lb n="3"/>yāvatu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Em<unclear>mū</unclear>rkkuṭikaḷ Emm<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>rppaṭākaivaṭṭattu ku<unclear>ṭu</unclear>ppolai m<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>ṟpaṭṭa nilaṅkaḷumaṟṟumepperppaṭṭa<add place="unspecified">ṉa</add>vum <add place="below" rend="mark">kuḻi . . . taṉ</add> <hi rend="grantha">sabhai madhya</hi><unclear>ma</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="omitted">Ippari</supplied>

<lb n="4" break="no"/>cu <hi rend="grantha">madhya</hi>mmāyk=kiṭa<add place="unspecified">n</add>ta nilaṅkaḷ kuḻiva<unclear>ri</unclear>yeṟṟi <unclear>I</unclear>ṟai <unclear>I</unclear>ṟuppomeṉṟa ku<unclear>ṭi</unclear>kaḷukku viṟṟukkuṭuppomākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ivviṟṟukkuṭutta <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>mikaḷ Emmuteṉṟu Epperppaṭṭāruṅkuṭuppolaiyum Āvaṇamuṅkāṭṭa<unclear>p</unclear>peṟā<unclear>t</unclear>ārākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ipparicu kāṭṭiṉa kuṭima<unclear>kkaḷai</unclear> ta <gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">kaḻañ</supplied>

<lb n="5" break="no"/><unclear>cu</unclear> poṉ <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yome <hi rend="grantha">daṇḍi</hi>ppomākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ittaṭu<unclear>t</unclear>ta kuṭimakkaḷ<choice><sic>ai</sic><corr>e</corr></choice> <hi rend="grantha">dha<unclear>r</unclear>mmāsa</hi>ṉattu nicati mey ve<unclear>ṟu nū</unclear>ṟṟeṭṭukkāṇam <hi rend="grantha">daṇḍa</hi>miṭappe<unclear>ṟu</unclear>vārākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> I<supplied reason="omitted"><hi rend="grantha">d</hi></supplied><hi rend="grantha">daṇḍa</hi>miṭap<unclear>p</unclear>oṅkuṭimakkaḷukku A<choice><sic>vap</sic><corr>vv</corr></choice>avvāṇṭu vāriyañceyyum perumakkaḷey perāl nicataṅkuṉṟippo<unclear>ṉ</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/>

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<lem><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi></lem>

<note>These two words are engraved to the left of lines 2 and 3.</note>

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<lem>kūṟṟucci<unclear>va</unclear>cū <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/></lem>

<note>Here the following syllables are built in: <foreign>ḷāmaṇimaṅkalamākiya <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>vi<hi rend="grantha">kramā-</hi></foreign></note>

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<lem>epperppaṭṭaṉavum</lem>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the sixteenth year (<hi rend="italic">of the reign</hi>) of the glorious <hi rend="bold">Kaṇṇaradēva</hi> who conquered <hi rend="bold">Kachchi</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Tañjai</hi>,—we, the assembly of <hi rend="bold">Śivachū-</hi> [<hi rend="bold">ḷāmaṇimaṅgalam</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Śrī-Vikramā</hi>]<hi rend="bold">bharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a village</hi>) in its own subdivision of <hi rend="bold">Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam</hi>, being assembled in the front hall<note><foreign>mukamaṇṭakam</foreign> is a Tamil form of the Sanskrit <hi rend="italic">mukha-maṇḍapa</hi>.</note> of the <hi rend="bold">Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugṛiham</hi> in our village, [ordered] as follows:—</p>

<p>(L. 3.) The inhabitants of our village . . . . . . . . . . the land and everything else that is not the object of deeds of gift,<note>Literally, ‘that is beyond deeds of gift’ (<hi rend="italic">kuḍupp-ōlai</hi>).</note> in the environs<note>Literally, ‘in the circle of hamlets’ (<hi rend="italic">paḍāgai-vaṭṭam</hi>).</note> of our village . . . . . . . . . . the common property (<hi rend="italic">madhyama</hi>) of the assembly.</p>

<p>(L. 4.) We shall sell the land which has thus become the common property (<hi rend="italic">of the assembly</hi>), to those inhabitants who promise to pay taxes on each <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi>. No persons shall be allowed to produce deeds of gift or deeds of sale (<hi rend="italic">āvaṇam</hi>) in order to show that the land thus sold belongs to themselves. We, the assembly, shall levy a fine of . . . . . <hi rend="italic">[kaḻañju]</hi> of gold . . . . . . . . . . from those inhabitants who produce such (<hi rend="italic">deeds</hi>).</p>

<p>(L. 5.) Those inhabitants who do not submit to this, shall be liable to pay into court (<hi rend="italic">dharmāsana</hi>) a fine of one hundred and eight <hi rend="italic">kāṇam</hi> . . . . . <note>The two obscure words <foreign>mey veṟu</foreign> occur again in No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0012">12</ref>, line 11.</note> per day. To each of the inhabitants who have to pay this fine, the great men elected for that year . . . . . . . . . . (one) <hi rend="italic">kuṉṟi</hi> of gold per day.</p>

<p>(L. 6.) If, through indifference, though . . . . . was thus given to those who pay the fine and though they themselves have fined (<hi rend="italic">them</hi>), they are not able to remove the obstacles to the possession (<hi rend="italic">āṭchi</hi>), the great men elected for that year shall be liable to pay an additional fine of twenty-four <hi rend="italic">kāṇam</hi>. Though they are fined thus, [the great men] elected for that year . . . . . . . . . . </p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.7 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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