Memorial pillar from site 57 at Nagarjunakonda — reign of Siri-Vīrapurisadatta, year 2x

Editors: Anonymous editor.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSEIAD00034.

Hand description:

Language: Prakrit.

Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-08-20 18:06 (9fa90aa), last modified 2023-05-15 17:43 (35386f0).

⟨1⟩ [mahā]⟨Fragment left⟩(r)[āja](sa) °asamedhayā(j)⟨Fragment right⟩[isa] [°anekahi]⟨2⟩(ra)ṇak(o)ṭ⟨Fragment left⟩[igosatasahasahalasatasahasapa]⟨3⟩d(ā)yisa sirica(ṁ)tamu(la)⟨Fragment left⟩[sa] [6+] ⟨4⟩ vāsakanivaḍha(ka)sa k(a)mal[.] [1×]⟨Fragment left⟩[4+][to]⟨5⟩salakosalapaṭuma(gha)dhi(si)ra(sā) [saṁpaṭi]⟨6⟩chitasāsanasa va(radama) [.]i [1×](sa) [4+] ⟨7⟩ siripavatādhipatisa ba(hu)sa(mara) [2+] ⟨8⟩ (la)dhapatāpasa maṭhariputasa [sirivira]⟨9⟩purisadatasa savachara 20[5×] ⟨10⟩ divasa 7thap[i]tā pat[i]mā

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ [mahā]⟨Fragment left⟩(r)[āja](sa) ⬦ … Raghunath2001 • Reconstruction based on similar formula, occurring for instance in EIAD 40.

⟨1–3⟩ °anekahi(ra)ṇak(o)ṭ⟨Fragment left⟩[igosatasahasahalasatasahasapa]d(ā)yisa ⬦ (ra) ṇakoṭi … (dā) yis a Raghunath2001 • Reconstruction based on analogy with EIAD 40.

⟨3⟩ sirica(ṁ)tamu(la)[sa] ⬦ siri caṁtamū(la) … Raghunath2001.

⟨4⟩ vāsakanivaḍha(ka)sa k(a)mal[.][1×] ⬦ vāsakativadantasa kamalaka Raghunath2001.

⟨4–5⟩ [to]salakosalapaṭuma(gha)dhisira(sā) ⬦ salakosala patsaumayadhi (siri) Raghunath2001.

⟨5–6⟩ [saṁpaṭi]chitasāsanasa ⬦ …chitasāsanasa Raghunath2001.

⟨6–7⟩ vijha(sela)[1×]sa[4+]siripavatādhipatisa ⬦ …..... siripavatādhipatisa Raghunath2001 • Read or emend viṁjha-. The reading (sela) is very uncertain, and admittedly not supported by such literary parallels as Rājaśekhara’s Kāvyamīmāṁsā (chapter 17) vindhyadakṣiṇapādamahendramalayamekalapālamañjarasahyaśrīparvatādayaḥ parvatāḥ or Svacchandatantra (9.37) vindhye śrīparvate caiva tathā kolagirau priye | gaṅgāyamunāsaṁbādhe kurukṣetre varānane.

⟨7–8⟩ ba(hu)sa(mara)[2+](la)dhapatāpasa ⬦ bapusa ... ladhapatapasa Raghunath2001 • Restore bahusamarapaṭiladhapatāpasa?

⟨8⟩ maṭhariputasa ⬦ māṭharīputasa Raghunath2001.

⟨9⟩ 20 [1×] ⬦ 20 (4) Raghunath2001.

⟨10⟩ thap[i]tā pat[i]mā ⬦ thāpitā patimā Raghunath2001.

Translation

On the 7th day of the … in year 20 … Māṭharīputta Siri-Vīrapurisadatta, (son) of the Great King Siri-Cāntamūla — sacrificer of the Aśvamedha, giver of numerous tens of millions of [pieces of] gold, (hundreds of thousands of cows and hundreds of thousands of plows of land) —, who increased …, whose commands were received on the head by [kings of?] Tosala, Kosala, Paṭu, and Magadha, the overlord of the Viñjha (Vindhya) mountain ... and Siripavvata (Śrīparvata), who has obtained majesty ... in many battles — this image has been established.

Commentary

(3) ¹

(4) k(a)mal[.]²

(4–5) [to]salakosalapaṭuma(gha)dhi-³

(5–6) -sira(sā)[saṁpaṭi]chitasāsanasa⁴

(7–8) ba(hu)sa(mara)[2+](la)dhapatāpasa⁵

Bibliography

First published by Raghunath2001. Re-edited here from our photos of the ASI estampages.

Secondary

No name. N.d. Indian Archaeology: a review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1967–68: 52.

No name. 1887–. Annual report on Indian epigraphy. Madras; Calcutta; New Delhi: Government of Madras; Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1967–68: 2–3, no. B.22.

Rosen_Stone1994

Notes

1. Our translation is based on the assumption that the word putasa has been lost in the lacuna at the end of this line.
2. This first epithet is at present obscure to us.
3. This compound is composed of four place-names, the first two of which form a pair commonly encountered in the literature, and discussed at length in Lévi1923. The third toponym, paṭu, is more obscure, but the paṭavas or people of Paṭu feature in Purāṇic lists of people living in the Vindhyas (cf. Sircar1971). Their exact location is uncertain. Finally, maghadhi seems to point to the inhabitants of Magadha, where the aspiration of the final consonant seems to have been imposed also on the second one. The form maghada with full inversion of aspiration is encountered in the manuscript tradition of the Śaktisaṅgamatantra, as noted in Sircar1971.
4. Our reconstruction here is informed by the occurrence of the phrase sirasā saṁpaṭicchitasāsana, meaning “whose rule/teaching has been accepted by [the bowing of] the head” in Pali commentarial literature. See Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāṭikā (ed. De Silva 1970) III 158.4–5: gahetabbavacano sirasā sampaṭicchitasāsano; Paramatthadīpanī (ed. Bose 1934–36) I 78.8–10: evaṁmahānubhāvo ti cakkaratanādisamannāgamena kassaci pi pīḷaṁ akaronto va sabbarājūhi sirasā sampaṭicchitasāsanavehāsagamanādīhi evaṁ mahānubhāvo.
5. However we reconstruct this compound, it is clear that it offers an interesting antecedent to royal epithets bore by Viṣṇukuṇḍin rulers and Pr̥thivīśrīmūla. See, for instance, EIAD 181, l. 5: cānekacāturddantasamaraśatasahasrasaṅghaṭṭavijayī; 186, st. II: bahusamarajayopāttonatataśrīr; 189, ll. 7–9: °asakr̥danekaniśitanistriṁśasahasrasaṁkulātibhīmasaṁgrāmabhūmipratilabdhavijayī. This feat of king Vīrapurisadatta is also likely hinted at in one of the two narrative reliefs preserved on the pillar itself, which shows the ruler riding an elephant and accompanied by soldiers.

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Data source: 'iksvaku-inscriptions/metadata/EIAD-inventory.xlsx'

- - - - - - - - -

[1] Inventory no. EIAD: 34

[2] Raghunath no.: 18

[3] Srinivasan & Sankaranarayanan no.: —

[4] Tsukamoto no.: —

[5] Lüders no.:

[6] Support : memorial pillar

[7] (Faces:) Lines: 10

[8] H: 142

[9] W: 37

[10] D: 19

[11] H: ESTIMATE

[12] W: 13

[13] Language(s): MIA

[14] Original locality: Nagarjunakonda Site-57

[15] Present locality: NM, w/out acc. nr.

[16] Primary bibliography: Raghunath 2001: 121 (18), 201.

[17] Secondary bibliography: IAR 1967-68: 52. — ARIE 1967-68: 2-3, B.22.

[18] Visual documentation: Est. ASI. — photos JM 2017

[19] Substance of inscription: setting up of pratima / °asamedha

[20] Remarks: fragmentary; IAR and ARIE state "broken pillar used as a step in a well in Site No. 57 of Sector N III". Raghunath, p. 201, assigns the inscription to Site-1, probably

in error.

[21] :

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<text xml:space="preserve"><body><div type="edition" xml:lang="pra-Latn"><ab><lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">mahā</supplied><milestone unit="fragment" n="left"/><unclear>r</unclear><supplied reason="lost">āja</supplied><unclear>sa</unclear> °asamedhayā<unclear>j</unclear><milestone unit="fragment" n="right"/><supplied reason="lost">isa</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">°anekahi</supplied><lb n="2" break="no"/><unclear>ra</unclear>ṇak<unclear>o</unclear>ṭ<milestone unit="fragment" n="left"/><supplied reason="lost">igosatasahasahalasatasahasapa</supplied><lb n="3" break="no"/>d<unclear>ā</unclear>yisa sirica<unclear>ṁ</unclear>tamu<unclear>la</unclear><milestone unit="fragment" n="left"/><supplied reason="lost">sa</supplied> <gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/><lb n="4"/>vāsakanivaḍha<unclear>ka</unclear>sa k<unclear>a</unclear>mal<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><milestone unit="fragment" n="left"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/><supplied reason="lost">to</supplied><lb n="5" break="no"/>salakosalapaṭuma<unclear>gha</unclear>dhi<unclear>si</unclear>ra<unclear>sā</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">saṁpaṭi</supplied><lb n="6" break="no"/>chitasāsanasa va<unclear>radama</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/>i <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><unclear>sa</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/><lb n="7"/>siripavatādhipatisa ba<unclear>hu</unclear>sa<unclear>mara</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><lb n="8"/><unclear>la</unclear>dhapatāpasa maṭhariputasa <supplied reason="lost">sirivira</supplied><lb n="9" break="no"/>purisadatasa savachara <num value="20">20</num><gap reason="illegible" quantity="5" unit="character"/><lb n="10"/>divasa <num value="7">7</num>thap<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>tā pat<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>mā </ab></div><div type="apparatus"><listApp><app loc="1"><lem><supplied reason="lost">mahā</supplied><milestone unit="fragment" n="left"/><unclear>r</unclear><supplied reason="lost">āja</supplied><unclear>sa</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">…</rdg><note>Reconstruction based on similar formula, occurring

for instance in EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00040.xml">40</ref>.</note></app><app loc="1–3"><lem>°anekahi<unclear>ra</unclear>ṇak<unclear>o</unclear>ṭ<milestone unit="fragment" n="left"/><supplied reason="lost">igosatasahasahalasatasahasapa</supplied>d<unclear>ā</unclear>yisa</lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001"><unclear>ra</unclear> ṇakoṭi … <unclear>dā</unclear>

yis a</rdg><note>Reconstruction based on analogy with EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00040.xml">40</ref>.</note></app><app loc="3"><lem>sirica<unclear>ṁ</unclear>tamu<unclear>la</unclear><supplied reason="lost">sa</supplied></lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">siri

caṁtamū<unclear>la</unclear> …</rdg></app><app loc="4"><lem>vāsakanivaḍha<unclear>ka</unclear>sa

k<unclear>a</unclear>mal<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">vāsakativadantasa

kamalaka</rdg></app><app loc="4–5"><lem><supplied reason="lost">to</supplied>salakosalapaṭuma<unclear>gha</unclear>dhisira<unclear>sā</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">salakosala

patsaumayadhi <unclear>siri</unclear></rdg></app><app loc="5–6"><lem><supplied reason="lost">saṁpaṭi</supplied>chitasāsanasa</lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">…chitasāsanasa</rdg></app><app loc="6–7"><lem>vijha<unclear>sela</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>sa<gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/>siripavatādhipatisa</lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">….....

siripavatādhipatisa</rdg><note>Read or emend <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">viṁjha-</foreign>. The reading <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn"><unclear>sela</unclear></foreign> is very

uncertain, and admittedly not supported by such

literary parallels as Rājaśekhara’s Kāvyamīmāṁsā

(chapter 17) <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">vindhyadakṣiṇapādamahendramalayamekalapālamañjarasahyaśrīparvatādayaḥ

parvatāḥ</foreign> or Svacchandatantra (9.37)

<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">vindhye śrīparvate

caiva tathā kolagirau priye |

gaṅgāyamunāsaṁbādhe kurukṣetre

varānane</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="7–8"><lem>ba<unclear>hu</unclear>sa<unclear>mara</unclear><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><unclear>la</unclear>dhapatāpasa</lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">bapusa ...

ladhapatapasa</rdg><note>Restore <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">bahusamarapaṭiladhapatāpasa</foreign>?</note></app><app loc="8"><lem>maṭhariputasa</lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">māṭharīputasa</rdg></app><app loc="9"><lem>20 <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">20

<unclear>4</unclear></rdg></app><app loc="10"><lem>thap<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>tā

pat<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>mā</lem><rdg source="bib:Raghunath2001">thāpitā

patimā</rdg></app></listApp></div><div type="translation"><p>On the 7th day of the … in year 20 … Māṭharīputta

Siri-Vīrapurisadatta, (son) of the Great King Siri-Cāntamūla

— sacrificer of the Aśvamedha, giver of numerous tens of

millions of [pieces of] gold, (hundreds of thousands of cows

and hundreds of thousands of plows of land) —, who increased

…, whose commands were received on the head by [kings of?]

Tosala, Kosala, Paṭu, and Magadha, the overlord of the

Viñjha (Vindhya) mountain ... and Siripavvata (Śrīparvata),

who has obtained majesty ... in many battles — this image has

been established.</p></div><div type="commentary"><p n="3"><note>Our translation is based on the assumption that

the word <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">putasa</foreign> has been lost in the lacuna at

the end of this line.</note></p><p n="4"><term>k<unclear>a</unclear>mal<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></term><note>This first epithet is at present obscure to us.

</note></p><p n="4–5"><term><supplied reason="lost">to</supplied>salakosalapaṭuma<unclear>gha</unclear>dhi-</term><note>This compound is composed of four place-names, the

first two of which form a pair commonly encountered

in the literature, and discussed at length in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Lévi1923"/>:

<citedRange>1–11</citedRange></bibl>. The third toponym, <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">paṭu</foreign>, is more

obscure, but the <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">paṭavas</foreign> or people of Paṭu feature in

Purāṇic lists of people living in the Vindhyas (cf. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1971"/>:

<citedRange>44</citedRange></bibl>). Their exact location is uncertain.

Finally, <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">maghadhi</foreign> seems to point to the

inhabitants of Magadha, where the aspiration of the

final consonant seems to have been imposed also on

the second one. The form <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">maghada</foreign> with full

inversion of aspiration is encountered in the

manuscript tradition of the Śaktisaṅgamatantra, as

noted in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1971"/>:

<citedRange>85</citedRange></bibl>.</note></p><p n="5–6"><term>-sira<unclear>sā</unclear><supplied reason="lost">saṁpaṭi</supplied>chitasāsanasa</term><note>Our reconstruction here is informed by the

occurrence of the phrase <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">sirasā

saṁpaṭicchitasāsana</foreign>, meaning “whose

rule/teaching has been accepted by [the bowing

of] the head” in Pali commentarial literature. See

Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāṭikā (ed. De Silva 1970) III 158.4–5: <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">gahetabbavacano sirasā

sampaṭicchitasāsano</foreign>; Paramatthadīpanī (ed. Bose 1934–36) I 78.8–10: <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">evaṁmahānubhāvo ti cakkaratanādisamannāgamena

kassaci pi pīḷaṁ akaronto va sabbarājūhi sirasā

sampaṭicchitasāsanavehāsagamanādīhi evaṁ

mahānubhāvo</foreign>.</note></p><p n="7–8"><term>ba<unclear>hu</unclear>sa<unclear>mara</unclear><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><unclear>la</unclear>dhapatāpasa</term><note>However we reconstruct this compound, it is clear that it offers an interesting antecedent to royal epithets bore by Viṣṇukuṇḍin rulers and Pr̥thivīśrīmūla. See, for instance, EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00181.xml">181</ref>, l. 5: <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">cānekacāturddantasamaraśatasahasrasaṅghaṭṭavijayī</foreign>; <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00186.xml">186</ref>, st. II: <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">bahusamarajayopāttonatataśrīr</foreign>; <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00189.xml">189</ref>, ll. 7–9: <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">°asakr̥danekaniśitanistriṁśasahasrasaṁkulātibhīmasaṁgrāmabhūmipratilabdhavijayī</foreign>. This feat of king Vīrapurisadatta is also likely hinted at in one of the two narrative reliefs preserved on the pillar itself, which shows the ruler riding an elephant and accompanied by soldiers.</note></p></div><div type="bibliography"><p>First published by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Raghunath2001"/>: <citedRange>121

(no. 18), 201</citedRange></bibl>. Re-edited here from our photos of the ASI

estampages.</p><listBibl type="primary"><bibl/></listBibl><listBibl type="secondary"><bibl><ptr target="bib:IAR"/><citedRange>1967–68: 52</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE"/><citedRange>1967–68: 2–3, no. B.22</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Rosen_Stone1994"/>:

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