Foundation Charter of the Dalinan Monastery (villages Wukajana, Tumpak & Vuru Tlu), 825 Śaka

Editors: Arlo Griffiths, Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKDalinan.

Language: Old Javanese.

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Version: (45be57c), last modified (f510d28).

Edition

⟨Page 1r⟩ ⟨1r1⟩ || (sva)sti (śa)kavarṣātīta 825 phālguṇa-māsa ti(th)i pratipada kr̥ṣṇa, vur(u)kuṁ, vā(gai,) soma, vāra, hastā-nakṣatra, vr̥ddhi-[yo]⟨1r2⟩ga, (ta)tkāla Anugraha śrī mahārāja [ra]kai vatu kura dya(ḥ) balitu(ṁ) śrī dharmodaya-mahāśambhu tumurun· I rakryān· mapati(ḥ) ⟨1r3⟩ I (h)i[no] (pu) dakṣottama-bāhubajra-pratipakṣakṣa(ya) kumon· samgat· kalaṁ vuṅkal· pu layaṁ, Anak vanuA I patapān· tutu⟨1r4⟩ganniṁ ta[ṇḍa] (sumu)suka Ikanaṁ vanuA I vukajana I tum(pa)k· I vuru tlu vatak· kalaṁ vuṅkal· gavai mā 6 sava(ḥ) [ka]hadyanan· ta⟨1r5⟩mpaḥ 8 [6×] blaḥ 1 s(u)k(u) 1 kaṭik· (prā)ṇa [1×] [A](vurnya) hinavu-havu,

samvan(dh)ānya kinon· sumusuka Ikanaṁ vanuA vuA⟨1r6⟩ra kuṭi (I) da(linan·) vata(k)· (husaḍar)· (ya) ta p(i)nul(iḥ) samgat· (ka)la(ṁ) vuṅka(l·,) pinahayunira jinaryyakan·nira bihā(ra) ⟨1r7⟩ (ya) samvandhānyar· (I)nan(u)(gra)hā(n)· kinon sumusuka Ikanaṁ vanuA I vukajana I tumpak· I vuru tlu sīmā pumpunananikanaṁ vi⟨1r8⟩hāra gavaini(ra)

k[u]naṁ [parṇnaḥ]hanyan· sīmā tan· katamāna de saṁ mānak· paṅkur· tavān· tirip· muAṁ soAraniṁ maṅilala dra⟨1r9⟩b(ya) haji kriṁ, paḍam·(,) pa[ma]ṇikan·, maṇiga(,) lva(,) malañja(ṁ,) (maṁ)huri(,) maka(la)ṅka(ṁ,) (ta)pa haji Air haji maṁrumvai tuha gośāli tuhan ⟨n⟩a⟨1r10⟩[mb]i tuhān· hañjaman·, Uṇḍahagi maṇimpiki paṇḍai (vs)i valyan·, paranakan·, vid(u) maṅi[du]ṁ, (tu)ha (pa)ḍahi va(ra)han·, samva⟨l·⟩ ⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ su(mvul)·, vatək· I dalam·, si[ṅgaḥ, pa](m)r̥ṣi, (hulu)n· haji Ityaivamādi tan· t(u)mamā Irikanaṁ vanuA parṇahani parma(san)ya [tumamā] ⟨1v2⟩ I [bhaṭāra I vihā]ra I da(lina)n· [deya]nya mavai⟨ḥ⟩ mana⟨⟨ṅa⟩⟩hana I pa(r)masan· I kataṇḍān·(,) samaṅkana sukha-duḥkhanya ma(ya)ṁ tan(·) ma(vu)A[ḥ] (ḍa-) ⟨1v3⟩ ṇḍa, [kuḍaṇḍa bhaṇḍiha](lādi tuma)mā [I] bhaṭāra Ataḥ Ikana,

Ājñă (ha)[ji] [ki]nonakan· Ikana(ṁ) masamvyavahāra *Aṅkāna hīṁ-hīṁṅana (kvaiḥ)⟨1v4⟩ha(nya) [paṇḍai mas·, pa](ṇḍ)ai [v](si)[,] (ta)mva(ga), gaṅ(s)a, (tluṁ) Ububan· Iṁ [sa]sīma macadar· 4 maṅaraḥ lumpaṁ 3 maṅulaṁ tluṁ tuhān· Iṁ sasīma kvoAnya 20 ⟨1v5⟩ Iṁ [satuhān·,] (sa)pi 40 vḍ[u]s· 80 Aṇḍaḥ vantayan· (1) parahu Abhaṭāra 1 [ma](su)ṁ(h)ara 1 tan· patuṇḍāna, magulu(ṅa)n· tluṁ pasaṁ Ikanaṁ samaṅkana ta⟨1v6⟩[n· knāna I paramasan· yāpuAn·] (pini)k(u)l· dagaṅanya kady āṅgāniṁ mabasana ma[sayaṁ makaca]puri, kapa(s)· (vu)ṅku(ḍu) [tamva]ga (vsi) [3×] (vəA)s·, [4×] ⟨1v7⟩ [ca. 8×] [sa]pra(kāra)ni(ṁ) [du]Al· [pi](n)i[ku]l·, kal(i)ma banta(l)· (I)ṁ (sa)tuhān· [p]i[ku](l-pik)ulananya, tluṁ tuhān· [Iṁ sasīma], Ikanaṁ samaṅkana tan· (knā)⟨1v8⟩[na de saṁ maṅila](la) dra[bya haji, yāpuAn· lviḥ] (kvaiḥ)nya saṅkā I(rika)naṁ (p)aṁhīṁ Iriya, knāna Ikana saka(lv)iḥnya de sa(ṁ) maṅilala soddhāra haji,

kunaṁ ⟨1v9⟩ [Ikanaṁ ma](ña)mvul·, [mañavriṁ maṅapus·, maṁlākha, U]ṇḍahagi, mamuvut·, maṅubar·, ma(nahab)· (ma)n(u)k·, mamisaṇḍuṁ, maṅanam-anam·, mamukat· vuṅku[ḍu] ⟨1v10⟩ [manarub]· maṁ[dyūn· maṅgula maṁhapū, Ityai](vamā)di kapuA ya tribhāgān· [sad]ū[ma]n· [Umarā I bhaṭāra sadūma]n· Umarā I saṁ maṅila(la) [d]rabya (haji) ⟨1v11⟩ [sadūman· Umarā I saṁ makmitan· sīma, maṅkana rasa saṁ hya]ṁ Ājña haji, paṁhiṁ-hiṁ Irikanaṁ [ca. 30×]

⟨1v12⟩ [3×] (śrī) mahārā[ja vḍihan· piliḥ] ma[gə:ṁ] [ca. 5×] (s)u 1 [3×] (h)u [ca. 6×]n· Cu tamv.[ca. 8×] (kalyā)⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩ga bla[ḥ 1] mas· su 1 rakryān· mapati(ḥ) I [hi](no) InaṁsəAn· vḍihan· kalyāga yu 1 mas· su 1 rakryān· I halu pu vīravikrama InaṁsəAn· vḍihan· kalyā⟨2r2⟩ga yu 1 ma(s· su) 1 (s)amgat· halaran· pu ba(s)u (palar)· hyaṁ pu puñjaṁ maṁhuri pu cakra vadihati pu ḍapit·, makud(u)r· pu samvr̥da, paṅkur· pu rañjan· tavān· pu [pañja]⟨2r3⟩luAn· tirip· [pu] biṣṇu, vinaiḥ pasak-pasak· vḍi(ha)n· yu 1 mas· mā 8 sovaṁ-sovaṁ tuhān· I vadihati 2 saṁ mira-(mi)ra(h) si rayuṁ saṁ halaran· si dhana⟨2r4⟩da vinaiḥ vḍiha(n·) yu 1 mas· mā 4 tuhān· I ma(kudur·) (2) saṁ taṅkil· sugiḥ si ma(nt)ai, (saṁ) hamvulu si ḍuha vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 (mas·) (mā) (4) soAṁ, I vadihati lu⟨2r5⟩maku manusuk· saṁ vaḍiṅin· si vada huma vinaiḥ vḍihan· (yu) (1) mas· mā 8 hop· paṅaṅkat·, I makudur· lumaku manusu(k)· saṁ pahvan· vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 2 ⟨2r6⟩ mas· mā 8 hop· paṅaṅkat·, paṅaṅkat· I sa(ṁ) hya(ṁ) kudur· vḍihan· yu (1) mas· mā (4) saṁ mamu(At)· (par)ujar· I hi(no) saṁ kaṇḍamuhi si haṅgə ci[tra]lekha saṁ vatu vara⟨2r7⟩ṇi si manəsər·, I halu saṁ viśaga si dāmodara, I (sirika)n· si hujuṁ (galuḥ si A)yuda(,) citralekha saṁ (dha)[rmmā]sinta [8×] vidiḥ si ḍaṇu ⟨2r8⟩ citralekha saṁ halaṁ manuk· si (go)vinda, I ti[ru](An· sumuḍa)n· (ḍa)pu(nta bhā)sura vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 mas· mā (5) (soAṁ-soAṁ) [6×] (savi ma)⟨2r9⟩nu[k·] [1×] (vi)janta I maṅhuri [4×] padaya I paṅ(kur·) [dədə]lan· si ma[3×] (I ta)vān· (rāluk)· si vidyādipa, I tirip· (pa)[ḍaṁ] (si ra)ghu (vi)[naiḥ vḍiha]n· ⟨2r10⟩ yu 1 mas· mā 2 soAṁ-so(Aṁ I) [ca. 15×] (si laṅka) panavu(ṅ)an· si kampa [ca. 14×] ⟨2r11⟩ [3×] (tu)hānniṁ kanāyakān· [ca. 4×]· samo [8×] na [7×](s/l)· si śāla, tuhānni vadv(ā) [5×] [tu](hānni kalu)⟨2r12⟩la si hva [1×] parujar· si [2×] tuhānni [2×]la [7×] si [2×]ṅga [1×] (ma)masaṅakan· (pu) rutu, citralekha s(aṁ) sa(śra) [2×] Aṅ[i]nn-a⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩ṅin· si basu, tuhādimagala, si sāgara, patiya si təvək· [12×] Cu [3×] pasak-pasak· kaharan· maparaha I(ri)⟨2v2⟩kā kabaiḥ

ya Ikana(ṁ) pinakaUbhayanya paṅanumodanya I [8×] samgat· kalaṁ vuṅkal· mapatiḥ I kalaṁ vuṅkal· ⟨2v3⟩ kin·kin· si manūrama (si śa)ṇḍi (ma)nti hya(ṁ) si kes· ramani (tiṅka)t· (vinaiḥ) vḍihan· savayakḍyan· yu 1 mas· (mā) (4) (soAṁ-so)Aṁ paruja(r)nya si ma⟨2v4⟩ṇḍa ramani nalu, muAṁ si kaluAt· ramani galu vin(ai)ḥ vḍihan· yu 1 mas· mā[4×] (va)(huta) (I)kana duṅkut· kuyu mavərav· si gijī⟨2v5⟩(la)kan· si bahu vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 mas· mā 4 (soAṁ-so)Aṁ piluṅgaḥnya prāṇa 4 si dhanadya si mumpa si (dhuraga)ḥ si bisuddhi vinaiḥ vḍihan· ⟨2v6⟩ (h)le 1 mas· mā 1 soAṁ-soAṁ vahuta tuṅgū du(ruṁ) (si naṅa)s· muAṁ si maddhya vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 soAṁ pihuju(ṁ)nya prāṇa (5) ⟨2v7⟩ si me(ra) si [2×]gi [2×] si blasaṇḍa si śvarā si kura si bahad· si nāṇḍal· vinaiḥ vḍihan· hle 1 soAṁ-soAṁ

pati[ḥ] I hinau(U)milu ⟨2v8⟩ sākṣī tarum vajaṁ siri candra ramani bilahira si vadvā pora ramani śulī si ka(y)i ramani pa(nu)si vinaiḥ vḍihan· kalyāga yu 1 soAṁ ⟨2v9⟩ (pa)tiḥ I halu pās· si dunuṁ ramani candrikā, vuṅkuruṅan· si (gvaṁ) ramani sādhana, vinaiḥ vḍihan· kalyāga y(u) (1) soAṁ, pati[ḥ] I gurun vaṅi Ai⟨2v10⟩r hijo si lampū ramani go, havaṅan· si maṇi rama¡ṇ!⟨n⟩i kamvū vinaiḥ vḍihan· savayakḍyan· yu 1 (soAṁ) parujarnya si kalula ramani cintyā ⟨2v11⟩ muaṁ si (R̥)ṅuci ramani nampik· vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 soAṁ, patiḥ panavuhan· si vuyo ramani Aṇṭuk· vinaiḥ vḍihan· ⟨2v12⟩ yu (1) vahuta (I gurun vaṅi) mantyāsi(ḥ) si ḍaṁh(ə)l· vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu (1) (saṁ) rama I duga-duga gusti saṁ ra vunut· ramani (mpirara)t· gusti lā

⟨Page 3r⟩[12 lost lines] ⟨Page 3v⟩[12 lost lines]

⟨Page 4r⟩ ⟨4r1⟩ [ma]pkan· si (tuvuku) parujar· si sidra (si) ma(la)vai si basanta vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 sovaṁ rāma maratā kaki kuṇḍu muAṁ si vlya vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 soAṁ rāma māgman· I vuru tlu (gusti) ⟨4r2⟩ (s)i mandon· ramani rasuk· parujar· si ḍaheṁ ramani kaṇṭi vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 soAṁ gusti I tumpak· si gaṅgaṁ ramani baladī parujar· s(i) laṇḍu ramani bhaṇḍa vinaiḥ vḍi[han·] ⟨4r3⟩ yu 1 soAṁ gusti I vukajana si butə ramani bantin·, parujar· si gamana ramani krama vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 soAṁ rakryān· Añjatan· pu sāgara samgat· tuṅgu pu [2+] vinaiḥ vḍiha⟨4r4⟩n· yu 1 soAṁ rāma tpi siriṁ gusti I dalinan· si kekeḥ ramani dvī(,) muAṁ si vlat·, parujar· si gaṇal· ramani savasti muAṁ si hala rama⟨⟨(ni)⟩⟩ ṅvinə vineḥ vḍihan· yu 1 soAṁ ⟨4r5⟩ I mahariman· kalaṁ si kno(ḥ) ramani santəl· gusti si puñjə ramani padmī, muAṁ si śarak· ramani gaṭik·, parujar· si deśi ramani rakṣi muAṁ si śaraṇa ¿rāma I?⟨rāmani⟩ kisik· vi⟨4r6⟩naiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 soAṁ,

I huvus·niṅ mavaiḥ mas· pasak-pasak· muAṁ vḍihan· pinarṇaḥ saji saṁ makudur· maṅuyut· vḍihan· saṁ hyaṁ kulumpaṁ yu 4 batu-batu ⟨4r7⟩ mas· mā 4 vḍihan· {yu 1} saṁ hyaṁ brahmā yu 1 mas· mā 1 paṅisi tamvakur· pinakasavur-savur· saṁ maṅuyut· vəAs· kukusan· 1 vsi Ikat· 1 mas· mā (4) (pa)⟨4r8⟩da 1 vsinya Ikat· 10 mas· mā 1 vḍus· 1 hayam· lanaṁ hiR̥ṁ 1 hantalūniṁ hayam· 4 taṇḍas·niṁ kvo 1 kumol· 1 pras· ma(suku) 1 skul· dinyun· 5 (ta)⟨4r9⟩luṁ (tapa)k· liman· 10 (pa)siliḥ (ga)luḥ yu 1 *Arghapādya *Iṇḍit· 5 tamva¿t?⟨g⟩a prakāra kavaḥ 1 dyun· 1 dāṁ 1 buri 1 paṁlivəttan· 1 tarai 1 papañjutan· ⟨4r10⟩ 1 saragi cpak· 1 gaṁśa prakāra saragi magə:ṁ 1 tahas· 1 saragi Inuman· 3 vsi-vsi prakāra vaduṁ 1 patuk·-patuk· 1 tvak· 1 tampilan· 1 kris· 1 lukai 1 kampi⟨4r11⟩t· 1 tataḥ 1 jara 1 gurumbhāgi 1 pamajjha 1 nakhaccheda 1 gulumi l siku-siku 1 liṅgis· 4 laṇḍuk· 1

I sampuni saji saṁ maṅuyut· pinarṇaḥ maṁḍiri samgat· kalaṁ vu⟨4r12⟩ṅkal· muAṁ samgat· Anakbi dyaḥ sucintə muAṁ dyaḥ kina dyaḥ vaitā dyaḥ savitā, mavaiḥ pañcopacāra I saṁ mamuAt· Ujar·, tlas· saṁ mamuAt· Ujar· vinaiḥ pa⟨4r13⟩ñcopacāra maskar· sira majnu, mapaṅaliḥ maṁḍiri dumunuṁ Iṁ vitāna paṅuyutan· maluṅguḥ humaR̥p· kidul· humarapakan· saṁ hyaṁ kudur· saṁ vahuta hyaṁ kudur· malu⟨4r14⟩ṅg(u)ḥ humaR̥p· vaitan·, samaṅkana saṁ patiḥ vahuta maluṅguḥ I puṁkuran· saṁ vahuta hyaṁ kudur·, Ikanaṁ rāma I vukajana I tumpak· I vuru tlu muAṁ ⟨Page 4v⟩ ⟨4v1⟩ [rāma] (tpi) siriṁ kabaiḥ maluṁguḥ humaR̥p· lor· raiṇanta Umuṅgu⟨ḥ⟩ vaitanniṁ vitāna humaR̥¿m?⟨p⟩· kuluAn·, samāpta paluṅguḥnira kabaiḥ mamaṁmaṁ saṁ makudu⟨4v2⟩r· manətək· hayam· linaṇḍasakan· I saṁ hyaṁ kulumpaṁ mamantiṅakan· hantalū riṁ vatu sīma, matəhər· manapa(tai) Ikana līṁnira Īndaḥ kita saṁ hyaṁ sahana⟨4v3⟩(nta saṁ ma)lmaḥ (saṁ) mathāni, sakvaiḥta hyaṁ riṁ pūrba⟨,⟩ dakṣiṇa, paścima, Uttara, Āgnaiya, nairiti, bāyabya, Aiśānya, saṁ hyaṁ ri(ṁ) satyadharmma, kāla, mr̥tyu, krodha, vīśva, kā⟨4v4⟩ma, viṣṇu, Iṁ maddhya, I sor·, I ruhur·, tasmāt· kabuAt·-karmānikanaṁ vuAṁ Anyāya Umulah-ulaha Ikeṁ sīma samgat· kalaṁ vuṅkal· pu layaṁ ṅunivaiḥ ya⟨4v5⟩(n· ru)ddhā ya tan· tamuA phalaniṁ dadi kady aṅgānnikanaṁ hayam· pgat· tan· baluy· matpuṁ hantalū R̥mək·-R̥muk· tan· valuy· I luĪrnya maṅkanā Ikanaṁ vu⟨4v6⟩A(ṁ) durācāra yan ulah-ulaha Ikaiṁ sīma, Umarā ya riṁ Alas· patukanniṅ ulā, Umarā ya Iṁ tgal· Alapann i glap·, tan· pah(u)dan·, Umarā ya riṅ uAi viL̥ttan·⟨4v7⟩n i tuviran·, tətəkən· deniṁ vuIl·, piṁpiṁtu bimvān· pañcamahāpātaka paṅguhanya mataṅ ya kayatnākna Ikeṁ Ājñă haji paṅanugraha śrī mahārā⟨4v8⟩ja rakai vatu kura I samgat· kalaṁ vuṅkal· pu layaṁ sumusuka Ikanaṁ vanuA I vukajana I tumpak· I vuru tlu sīmā pu¡m!⟨n⟩punananikanaṁ bihāra I dalinnan· gavainira ⟨4v9⟩ makaphalā svasthā saṁ hyaṁ dharma muAṁ prajāḥ kabaiḥ kahlamanya

hinyūnnakan· ton-tonan· mamidu saṁ taṅkil· hyaṁ si nalu macaritta bhi(ṣ/m)ma kumāra maṅigal· kīca⟨4v10⟩ka si jaluk· macarita rāmāyaṇa mamirus· mabañol· si muk·muk·, si galigī mavayaṁ buAt thyaṁ macarita bimva ya kumāra, matəhər· maṁhyunnakan· sa ⟨4v11⟩ [1+]ṁ kapuA rāmanta tpi siriṁ kabaiḥ māvuran·, Umilu pamuAtoḥ rakryān· muAṁ makaruṅakan· haji saṁ tr̥pan· pu mitra, muAṁ pu malavaṁ huL̥s· Umi

Apparatus

⟨1r4⟩ sava(ḥ) [ka]hadyanan· • The reading is supported by the occurrence of the same words in Kinewu, line 5.

⟨1r6⟩ (husaḍar)· • Maybe huvusan·, as in Telang REF?

⟨1r8⟩ soAra⊔niṁ • Or read soĀra⊔niṁ?

⟨4r1⟩ (tuvuku) vN • The name is difficult to read, but I see rather something like duduku or vurukuṁ. — ⟨4r1⟩ (gusti) ⬦ tum(paṁ) vN.

⟨4r4⟩ dvī(,) • The punctuation sign is not clear. It might also be possible to read dvīnə here. Cf. the similar or identical name further on in the line. — ⟨4r4⟩ ṅvinə • It would be equally possible to read dvinə here. Is the similarity with the name earlier in the line coincidental?

⟨4r8⟩ taṇḍas· • It would also be possible to read tuṇḍas·. — ⟨4r8⟩ (ta)⟨4r9⟩luṁ ⬦ (tu)luṁ vN • Cf. Zoetmulder and Robson 1982 təluṅ? Or guluṅ?

⟨4r9⟩ 10 (pa)siliḥ (ga)luḥ ⬦ 1, pasiliḥ goluḥ vN. — ⟨4r9⟩ Arghapādya ⬦ Argha padya vN. — ⟨4r9⟩ tamvata • Correct tamvaga? See Zoetmulder and Robson 1982, s.v. saragi.

⟨4r10⟩ gaṁśa ⬦ gaśa vN.

⟨4r11⟩ pamajjha ⬦ pamaj(s)a vN • Cf. occurrences of pamajha in Taji, Poh and Rukam.

⟨4r12⟩ vaitā ⬦ vaita vN.

⟨4r14⟩ tumpak· ⬦ tumpaṁ vN.

⟨4v2⟩ manapa(tai) ⬦ manapaṭhai vN • The barely legible final akṣara seems more likely to be tai.

⟨4v8⟩ tumpak· ⬦ tumpaṅ· vN.

⟨4v9⟩ prajāḥ ⬦ pra(ja)ḥ vN.

Translation by Arlo Griffiths

(1r1–5) Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 825, month of Phālguna, first tithi of the waning [fortnight], Vurukuṅ, Vagai, Monday, lunar mansion Hastā, conjunction Vr̥ddhi: that was the time of the grant of the Great King, Lord of Vatu Kura, dyah Balituṅ, Śrī Dharmodaya-Mahāśambhu, which descended to the rakryān Minister of Hino, pu Dakṣottama-Bāhuvajra-Pratipakṣakṣaya, ordering the officiant of Kalaṅ Vuṅkal, (called) pu Layaṅ, native of the village Patapān, tutuganniṅ taṇḍa, to demarcate the villages of Vukajana, of Tumpak [and] of Vuru Tlu, district of Kalaṅ Vuṅkal, [whose] corvée is 6 māṣa; whose lordly paddy-fields [amount to] 8 tampah […], 1 blah, 1 suku; [whose] attendant is/are […]; [whose] avur is scattered.

(1r5–8) The occasion that he was ordered to demarcate the villages: There was a kuṭī at Dalinan, district of Husaḍar (?). It was restored by the officiant of Kalaṅ Vuṅkal. It was embellished by him. It was made into (jinaryakan) a monastery by him. That was the occasion that he was given a grant [and] ordered to demarcate the villages of Vukajana, of Tumpak [and] of Vuru Tlu to become a sīma [and] a domain of the monastery he had established.

(1r8–1v3) As for its position when it would become a sīma: It would be entered neither by the dignitaries Paṅkur, Tavān [and] Tirip, nor by any of the collectors of royal revenue. The kriṅ, the paḍam, the pamaṇikan, the maṇiga, the lva, the malañjaṅ, the maṅhuri, the makalaṅkaṅ, the tapa haji, the air haji, the air haji the maṅrumvai, the chief smith, the overseer of Nambi, the overseer of Hañjaman, [and] carpenters, the manimpiki, the iron smiths, the healers (valyan), the paranakan, the singing actors, the chief drummer, the varahan, the sambal sumvul, the courtiers, the siṅgah, the pamr̥ṣi, the royal servants, and so forth: they will not have access to the village. The position of its parmasan shall be to enter into [the resources of] the Lord (i.e., the Buddha) of the monastery at Dalinan. Their (i.e., the villages’) obligation is to allow giving half of the parmasan to the group of officers. Likewise the [payments for] “harms and compensations” (sukha-duḥkha) — areca flower that does not bear fruit, beating (ḍaṇḍa-kuḍaṇḍa), bhaṇḍihala, etc. — they will enter only into [the resources of] the Lord.

(1v3–1v8) The king’s order: An order was given regarding the traders [present] there that their numbers would be limited:

  • gold smiths, iron smiths, copper [smiths], bronze [smiths]: three bellows in the whole sīma
  • cadar vendors 4, arah workers 3 pounding blocks
  • cattle buyers three tradesmen in the whole sīma [and] 20 head of buffalo per tradesman, 40 of cattle, 80 of goats, 1 coop of ducks
  • 1 boat with a deity (? abhaṭāra), with 1 mast, that may not have tuṇḍān
  • wagoners: three yokes
Up to those limits they shall not be subjected to parmasan. If their wares are borne by shoulder pole, for instance cloth vendors, tinkers, kacapuri makers, [vendors of] cotton, vuṅkuḍu, bronze, iron, […], unhusked rice, […] — all kinds of wares that are borne by shoulder pole: altogether their load carried by shoulder pole shall be five bundles per tradesman, [and] three tradesmen in the whole sīma. Up to those limits they shall not be subjected [to any impost] by the collectors of royal revenue. If their number is higher than the limit [set] upon them, the excess shall be subjected [to impost] by the collectors of all royal levies.

(1v8–11) As for those who paint black, who make camvriṅ, who twist ropes (?), who dye, carpenters, turners, who dye red, bird catchers, [bird] snarers, wicker workers, those who tie vuṅkuḍu, shed makers, potters, sugar makers, lime makers, etc.: all of them (i.e., the impost they pay?) will be divided in three. One share will enter into [the resources of] the Lord [of the monastery], one share will enter into [the resources of] the collectors of royal revenue, one share will enter into [the resources of] the keeper of the sīma. Thus was the contents of the king’s order limiting the […].

(1v11–2v2) [The officiant of Kalaṅ Vuṅkal offered to] the Great King [as token of obedience]: pilih magə̄ṅ cloth, … 1 blah of kalyāga cloth, 1 suvarṇa of gold. The rakryān Minister of Hino was offered 1 yugala of kalyāga cloth, 1 suvarṇa of gold. The rakryān of Halu, pu Vīravīkrama, was offered 1 yugala of kalyāga cloth, 1 suvarṇa of gold. The officiants of Halaran, pu Basu; of Palar hyaṅ, pu Puñjaṅ; of Maṅhuri, pu Cakra; of Vadihati, pu Ḍapit; of Makudur, pu Samvr̥ddha; the Paṅkur, pu Rañjan; the Tavān, pu Pañjaluan; the Tirip, pu Biṣṇu were given as tribute 1 yugala of cloth, 8 māṣa of gold, per person. The 2 foremen of Vadihati, the one of Mira-mirah, si Rayuṅ [and] the one of Halaran, si Dhanada, were offered 1 yugala of cloth, 4 māṣa of gold, per person. The 2 foremen of Makudur, the one of Taṅkil Sugih, si Mantai [and] the one of Hamvulu, si Ḍuha, were offered 1 yugala cloth, 4 māṣa of gold, per person. The [foreman of] Vadihati proceeding to demarcate, the one of Vaḍiṅin, si Vada Huma, was given 1 yugala of cloth, 8 māṣa of gold, additional remuneration. The [foreman of] Makudur proceeding to demarcate, the one of Pahvan, was given 2 yugala of cloth, 8 māṣa of gold, additional remuneration. The remuneration [they receive] at the holy Kudur were 1 yugala of cloth, 4 māṣa of gold. The mamuat parujar I hino [also serving as] the Kaṇḍamuhi [called] si Haṅgə; ci[tra]lekha saṁ vatu vara- 2r7ṇi si manəsər·, I halu saṁ viśaga si dāmodara, I (sirika)n· si hujuṁ (galuḥ si A)yuda(,) citralekha saṁ (dha)[rmmā]sinta [8×] vidiḥ si ḍaṇu 2r8citralekha saṁ halaṁ manuk· si (go)vinda, I ti[ru](An· sumuḍa)n· (ḍa)pu(nta bhā)sura vinaiḥ vḍihan· yu 1 mas· mā (5) (soAṁ-soAṁ)

(4r6–4r11) After offering gold as gifts along with vḍihan, the requisites for the Makudur who uyut were laid ready:

  • 4 pairs of vḍihan for the holy stone, 4 māṣa of gold nuggets
  • 1 pair of vḍihan for the holy Brahmā, 1 māṣa of gold
  • 1 steaming basket of uncooked rice to fill the rice basket that the one who uyut uses for scattering
  • 1 ikat of iron, 4 māṣa of gold
  • 1 stand (pada), 10 ikat of iron for it, 1 māṣa of gold
  • 1 goat
  • 1 black cock
  • 4 chicken eggs
  • 1 head of buffalo
  • 1 kumol
  • 1 footed pras
  • cooked rice in 5 pots
  • 1 goat
  • items of copper
  • 1 cauldron
  • 1 pot
  • 1 steaming pan
  • 1 buri
  • 1 rice cooker
  • 1 tarai
  • 1 lamp stand
  • 1 low bowl
  • items of bronze
  • 1 big bowl
  • 1 platter
  • 3 drinking bowls
  • items of iron
  • 1 axe
  • 1 pick axe
  • 1 təvək
  • 1 borer (tampilan)
  • 1 kris
  • 1 chopping knife
  • 1 chisel
  • 1 kampit
  • 1 drill
  • 1 shaving blade (kurumbhāgi)1
  • 1 blade of a plane (pamajha)
  • 1 nail clipper
  • 1 gulumi
  • 1 carpenter’s square
  • 4 crowbar
  • 1 hoe

(4r11–) After the requisites for the Makudur who uyut were laid ready, the officiant of Kalaṅ Vuṅkal stood up, along with the officiant’s wives [named] dyah Sucintə, as well as dyah Kina, dyah Vaitā, dyah Savitā. They offered the five services to the officiant who produces speech. After the officiant who produces speech had been offered five services, he wore flowers, unguent and paṅalih (a change of dress?): he stood facing the canony where uyut takes place, and sat down facing South. The Vahuta Hyaṅ Kudur faced the holy Kudur, and sat down facing East. In the same way, the patihs and vahutas sat behind the Vahuta Hyaṅ Kudur. The headmen of Vukaja, Tumpak and Vuru Tlu and the headmen of the neighboring villages all sat facing North. Their wives took position east of the canopy, facing West.

After all their positions were ready, the Makudur pronounced the invocation — he slashed the chicken, using the holy Kulumpaṅ as underlay, and he smashed the eggs on the sīma stones — and at the same time he pronounced the imprecation. These were his words:

Commentary

Bibliography

Plates 1 and 2 previously unpublished. Plate 4 previously published by F. H. van Naerssen (1935). All plates edited here by Arlo Griffiths based on direct inspection and on photographs of the plates.

Primary

[vN1935] van Naerssen, Frits Herman. 1935. “Transcriptie en vertaling van de opschriften van twee roodkoperen oorkonden.” In: Aanwinsten op ethnografisch en anthropologisch gebied van de afdeeling Volkenkunde van het Koloniaal Instituut over 1934. Amsterdam: Koloniaal Instituut, pp. 135–144.

[vN] van Naerssen, Frits Herman. 1937. “Twee koperen oorkonden van Balitung in het Koloniaal Instituut te Amsterdam.” BKI 95, pp. 441–461. DOI: 10.1163/22134379-90001364. [URL].

[S] Sarkar, Himansu Bhusan. 1971-1972. Corpus of the inscriptions of Java (Corpus inscriptionum Javanicarum), up to 928 A. D. 2 vols. Calcutta: K.L. Mukhopadhyay. Volume 2, pages 85–98, item 72.

Notes

  1. 1. Cf. Malay kerampagi “pisau cukur; pisau lipat”.