Lintel from Phan Rang

Editors: Salomé Pichon, Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00006.

Language: Old Cham.

Repository: Campa (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-09-16 00:32 (a2d4f44), last modified 2024-05-08 14:22 (cbaaba8).

Edition

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C. 6.1

⟨1⟩ <quatrefoil> svasti <quatrefoil> pom̃ pu lakim̃ paṅkaja cim̃ abhimanyudeva urām̃ cathim̃ pāṇḍurāṅgeśvara senāpatī yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jayaparameśvaravarmmadeva pu pom̃ tana rayā nan· vriy· pom̃ nan· marai senāpatī panram̃ di śaka nī 1152 pak· rāja pu pom̃ tana rayā nan· trā pom̃ nan· vuḥ di yām̃ pom̃ ⟨2⟩ ku svayamutpanna vom̃ sān· mvram̃m· māḥ sā vana ’nāk· māḥ 9 thil· 4 draṁ vom̃ sān· mvram̃m· pirak· sā vana ’nāk· pirak· 8 thil· suvauk· pirak· sā vana ’nāk· 8 thil· calāhvaya laṅguv· sā di śaka nī 1166

C. 6.2

⟨3⟩ (◯) taval· śūratva oṅ mādhavaḥ nandana urām̃ tur(e) vijaya pu pom̃ tana rayā inravarmma vrim̃ rai lyam̃ pom̃ yām̃ utpaṇa di śakarāja 1196 vlim̃ limān· lakim̃ sā ma anan· ja sraum̃ hulun· 6 vuḥ pak· yām̃ pom̃ ku svayamutpaṇna ⟨4⟩ mauk· karet· mauk· ratna dāk· mauk· avyaṁ mauk· eḥ mauk· can· mauk· pūt· tralām̃ tāra 1196

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ pāṇḍurāṅgeśvara ⬦ pāṇḍuraṅgeśvara LF.

⟨2⟩ 9 ⬦ 7 LF. — ⟨2⟩ 8 ⬦ 9 LF. — ⟨2⟩ suvauk ⬦ suvok LF. — ⟨2⟩ 8 ⬦ 9 LF. — ⟨2⟩ calāhvaya ⬦ valāhvaya LF.

⟨3⟩ oṅ ⬦ yāṅ LF. — ⟨3⟩ nandana ⬦ takdata LF. — ⟨3⟩ tur(e) ⬦ tute LF • the fact that Finot used italics in his publication shows that he was not sure about his reading of the second akṣara. The present reading re is based on the comparison of this occurrence, ture vijaya, and equivalents found in other inscriptions, namely turai vijaya and turaiy vijaya (see, C. 5, l. 18; C. 30 B2, l. 1; C. 30 B4, l. 2 and C. 86.1, l. 2. The distinct form of the ai sign further on (in l. 3: vrim̃ rai lyam̃) prevents us from reading turai. The most satisfactory alternative is to read ture and understand turai. — ⟨3⟩ utpaṇa • utpaṇna could also be read. — ⟨3⟩ 1196 ⬦ 1176 LF. — ⟨3⟩ sraum̃ ⬦ praum̃ LF. — ⟨3⟩ svayamutpaṇna ⬦ svayamutpaṇṇa LF.

⟨4⟩ avyaṁ ⬦ avya LF. — ⟨4⟩ 1196 ⬦ 1176 LF.

Translation by Arlo Griffiths

C. 6.1

Hail! P.P. man Paṅkaja, prince Abhimanyudeva, person of Cathim̃ Pāṇḍurāṅgeśvara, general of Y.P.K. Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva. This P.P.T.R. invited this Pom̃ to go [as] general to Panrāṅ in this Śaka year 1152 on behalf of this king P.P.T.R.

Moreover, this Pom̃ offered to Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna in this Śaka year 1166: a golden vom̃ sān mvram̃m weighing 9 thil 4 draṁ of gold; a silver vom̃ sān mvram̃m weighing 8 thil of silver; a silver cult plate weighing 8 thil; a calāhvaya of cuprous metal.

C. 6.2

Taval Śūratva, Mr. Mādhavaḥ Nandana, person of Turai Vijaya. The P.P.T.R. Indravarman invited [him] to go [as] L.P. [to] the god Utpaṇa in the Śaka year 1196. He bought: a male elephant ma anan (?) ja Sraum̃; 6 servants to be offered to Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna: mauk Karet, mauk Ratna Dāk, mauk Avyaṁ, mauk Eḥ, mauk Can, mauk Pūt [as well as a] tralām̃ tāra [in] 1196.

Translation into French by Lepoutre 2013

C. 6.1

Salut ! P.P. homme Paṅkaja, prince Abhimanyudeva, personne de Cathim̃ Pāṇḍurāṅgeśvara, général de Y.P.K. Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva. Ce P.P.T.R. invita ce Pom̃ à aller [en tant que] général à Panrāṅ en cette année 1152 Śaka pour ce roi P.P.T.R.

De plus, ce Pom̃ offrit à Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna en cette année 1166 Śaka : vom̃ sān mvram̃m en or pesant 9 thil 4 draṁ d’or ; vom̃ sān mvram̃m en argent pesant 8 thil d’argent ; un plateau de culte en argent pesant 8 thil ; un calāhvaya en metal cuivreux.

C. 6.2

Taval Śūratva, M. Mādhavaḥ Nandana, personne de Turai Vijaya. Le P.P.T.R. Indravarman [l’] invita à aller [en tant que] L.P. [au] dieu Utpaṇa en l’année 1196 Śaka. Il a acheté : un éléphant mâle ma anan (?) ja Sraum̃ ; 6 serviteurs à offrir au Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna : mauk Karet, mauk Ratna Dāk, mauk Avyaṁ, mauk Eḥ, mauk Can, mauk Pūt (ainsi qu’un) tralām̃ tāra (en) 1196.

Bibliography

This inscription was edited and translated into French in Finot 1903, p. 648; summarised in English in Majumdar 1985, p. 213, whence Golzio 2004, p. 180 and 191. It was also studied in Jacques 1977-1978, pp. 1078–1079. The present edition and translation after Lepoutre 2013, pp. 226–228.

Primary

[LF] Finot, Louis. 1903. “Notes d’épigraphie, V : Pāṇḍuraṅga.” BEFEO 3, pp. 630–648. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1903.1260. [URL]. Page 648.

[AL] Lepoutre, Amandine. 2013. “Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campā, IV: Les inscriptions du temple de Svayamutpanna. Contribution à l'histoire des relations entre les pouvoirs cam et khmer (de la fin du XII^e siècle au début du XIII^e siècle).” JA 301 (1), pp. 205–278. DOI: 10.2143/JA.301.1.2994464. Pages 226–228.

Secondary

Parmentier, Henri. 1909. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome premier: Description des monuments. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. [URL]. Pages 79–81.

Finot, Louis. 1915. “Notes d’épigraphie, XIV : Les inscriptions du musée de Hanoi.” BEFEO 15 (2), pp. 1–38. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1915.5229. [URL]. Page 2 and 10.

Parmentier, Henri. 1918. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome II: Étude de l’art čam. Paris: Ernest Leroux. Page 77.

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<lb n="1"/> <g type="quatrefoil"/> svasti <g type="quatrefoil"/> pom̃ pu lakim̃ paṅkaja cim̃ abhimanyudeva urām̃ cathim̃ pāṇḍurāṅgeśvara senāpatī yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jayaparameśvaravarmmadeva pu pom̃ tana rayā nan· vriy· pom̃ nan· marai senāpatī panram̃ di śaka nī 1152 pak· rāja pu pom̃ tana rayā nan· trā pom̃ nan· vuḥ di yām̃ pom̃

<lb n="2"/> ku svayamutpanna vom̃ sān· mvram̃m· māḥ sā vana 'nāk· māḥ 9 thil· 4 draṁ vom̃ sān· mvram̃m· pirak· sā vana 'nāk· pirak· 8 thil· suvauk· pirak· sā vana 'nāk· 8 thil· calāhvaya laṅguv· sā di śaka nī 1166

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<lb n="3"/> <unclear><g type="circle">￮</g></unclear> taval· śūratva oṅ mādhavaḥ nandana urām̃ tur<unclear>e</unclear> vijaya pu pom̃ tana rayā inravarmma vrim̃ rai lyam̃ pom̃ yām̃ utpaṇa di śakarāja 1196 vlim̃ limān· lakim̃ sā ma anan· ja sraum̃ hulun· 6 vuḥ pak· yām̃ pom̃ ku svayamutpaṇna

<lb n="4"/> mauk· karet· mauk· ratna dāk· mauk· avyaṁ mauk· eḥ mauk· can· mauk· pūt· tralām̃ tāra 1196

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<rdg source="bib:Finot1903_04">suvok</rdg>

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<lem>calāhvaya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Finot1903_04">valāhvaya</rdg>

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<lem>nandana</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Finot1903_04">takdata</rdg>

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<note>the fact that Finot used italics in his publication shows that he was not sure about his reading of the second <foreign>akṣara</foreign>. The present reading <foreign>re</foreign> is based on the comparison of this occurrence, <foreign>ture vijaya</foreign>, and equivalents found in other inscriptions, namely <foreign>turai vijaya</foreign> and <foreign>turaiy vijaya</foreign> (see, <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00005.xml">C. 5</ref>, l. 18; <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00030B2.xml">C. 30 B2</ref>, l. 1; <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00030B4.xml">C. 30 B4</ref>, l. 2 and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00086.xml">C. 86.1</ref>, l. 2.

The distinct form of the <foreign>ai</foreign> sign further on (in l. 3: <foreign>vrim̃ rai lyam̃</foreign>) prevents us from reading <foreign>turai</foreign>. The most satisfactory alternative is to read <foreign>ture</foreign> and understand <foreign>turai</foreign>.</note></app>

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<div type="textpart" n="1"><head xml:lang="eng">C. 6.1</head><p>Hail! P.P. man Paṅkaja, prince Abhimanyudeva, person of Cathim̃ Pāṇḍurāṅgeśvara, general of Y.P.K. Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva.

This P.P.T.R. invited this Pom̃ to go [as] general to Panrāṅ in this Śaka year 1152 on behalf of this king P.P.T.R.</p><p>Moreover, this Pom̃ offered to Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna in this Śaka year 1166: a golden <foreign>vom̃ sān mvram̃m</foreign> weighing 9 <foreign>thil</foreign> 4 <foreign>draṁ</foreign> of gold; a silver <foreign>vom̃ sān mvram̃m</foreign> weighing 8 <foreign>thil</foreign> of silver; a silver cult plate weighing 8 <foreign>thil</foreign>; a <foreign>calāhvaya</foreign> of cuprous metal.</p></div><div type="textpart" n="2"><head xml:lang="eng">C. 6.2</head><p><foreign>Taval</foreign> Śūratva, Mr. Mādhavaḥ Nandana, person of Turai Vijaya. The P.P.T.R. Indravarman invited [him] to go [as] L.P. [to] the god Utpaṇa in the Śaka year 1196.

He bought: a male elephant <foreign>ma anan</foreign> (?) <foreign>ja</foreign> Sraum̃; 6 servants to be offered to Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna: <foreign>mauk</foreign> Karet, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Ratna Dāk, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Avyaṁ, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Eḥ, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Can, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Pūt [as well as a] <foreign>tralām̃ tāra</foreign> [in] 1196.</p></div>

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<p>Salut ! P.P. homme Paṅkaja, prince Abhimanyudeva, personne de Cathim̃ Pāṇḍurāṅgeśvara, général de Y.P.K. Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva.

Ce P.P.T.R. invita ce Pom̃ à aller <supplied reason="subaudible">en tant que</supplied> général à Panrāṅ en cette année 1152 Śaka pour ce roi P.P.T.R.</p><p>De plus, ce Pom̃ offrit à Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna en cette année 1166 Śaka : <foreign>vom̃ sān mvram̃m</foreign> en or pesant 9 <foreign>thil</foreign> 4 <foreign>draṁ</foreign> d'or ; <foreign>vom̃ sān mvram̃m</foreign> en argent pesant 8 <foreign>thil</foreign> d'argent ; un plateau de culte en argent pesant 8 <foreign>thil</foreign> ; un <foreign>calāhvaya</foreign> en metal cuivreux.</p></div><div type="textpart" n="2"><head xml:lang="eng">C. 6.2</head><p><foreign>Taval</foreign> Śūratva, M. Mādhavaḥ Nandana, personne de Turai Vijaya. Le P.P.T.R. Indravarman <supplied reason="subaudible">l'</supplied> invita à aller <supplied reason="subaudible">en tant que</supplied> L.P. <supplied reason="subaudible">au</supplied> dieu Utpaṇa en l'année 1196 Śaka.

Il a acheté : un éléphant mâle <foreign>ma anan</foreign> (?) <foreign>ja</foreign> Sraum̃ ; 6 serviteurs à offrir au Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna : <foreign>mauk</foreign> Karet, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Ratna Dāk, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Avyaṁ, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Eḥ, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Can, <foreign>mauk</foreign> Pūt <supplied reason="explanation">ainsi qu'un</supplied> <foreign>tralām̃ tāra</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">en</supplied> 1196.</p></div></div><!-- AL: <div type="commentary">

<p>Concerning <foreign>vom̃ sān mvram̃m</foreign>, <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:jacques-1977"/>: <biblScope>1078</biblScope></bibl> tells that <quote>dans cette expression, seul <foreign>mvrǎm</foreign> est certainement connu, signifiant 'flèche' ; on pourrait donc songer à une parure divine, mais cela ne convient pas à un liṅga ; on peut tenter également de rapprocher <foreign>vǒ</foreign> (i.e. <foreign>vom̃</foreign>) du moderne <foreign>bauṅ</foreign>, qui peut signifier 'auge, écope' et l'expression désignerait ainsi quelque vase rituel</quote>.</p>

<p>About <foreign>vana 'nāk</foreign>, see the commentary for the occurrence in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00005.xml">C. 5</ref>.</p>

<p>The word <foreign>suvauk</foreign> is from the khmer <foreign>spok</foreign> or <foreign>sbouk</foreign> which, in Khmer epigraphy, respectively mean "plate" and "foot-plate" (see <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:jacques-1977"/>: <biblScope>1078</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:soutif-2009"/>: <biblScope>122 and 128</biblScope></bibl>).</p>

<p><bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:jacques-1977"/>: <biblScope>1079</biblScope></bibl> read <foreign>valāhvaya</foreign> which could be a cult object. To us, even we have noticed that the words <foreign>cala</foreign> or <foreign>calā</foreign> are not found anywhere else in the corpus, the reading <foreign>calāhvaya</foreign> allows the hypothetical identication of this object with an ustensil <foreign>cala-āhvaya</foreign> "called mobile" ???? This object is also cited in the inscription <ref target="C.0086.xml">C. 86</ref>.2, ll. 3-4.</p>

<p>According to <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:AC-1906"/></bibl>, <foreign>taval</foreign> is linked to the Khmer term <foreign>sañjak</foreign>. One could also find the word <foreign>taval</foreign> in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00054.xml">C. 54</ref>, see <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:finot-1903"/>: <biblScope>648, note 2</biblScope>.</bibl></p>

<p>About <foreign>mauk</foreign> (also found in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00005.xml">C. 5</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00007.xml">C. 7</ref>), see the commentary for the occurrence in C.5 and the discussion in <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:ECIC-IV"/>: <check><biblScope>forthcoming</biblScope></check></bibl>.</p>

<p>The term <foreign>tralām̃</foreign> also occurred in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00005.xml">C. 5</ref>, ll. 11 and 18. The word <foreign>tāra</foreign> could be the name of the metal the object is made of.</p>

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<p>This inscription was edited and translated into French in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Finot1903_04"/><citedRange unit="page">648</citedRange></bibl>; summarised in English in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1985_01"/><citedRange unit="page">213</citedRange></bibl>, whence <bibl><ptr target="bib:Golzio2004_01"/><citedRange unit="page">180 and 191</citedRange></bibl>. It was also studied in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Jacques1977-1978_01"/><citedRange unit="page">1078-1079</citedRange></bibl>. The present edition and translation after <bibl><ptr target="bib:Lepoutre2013_01"/><citedRange unit="page">226-228</citedRange></bibl>.</p>

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