Southern doorjamb of the main shrine of Po Nagar

Editors: Salomé Pichon, Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00030B2.

Hand description:

Language: Old Cham.

Repository: Campa (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-12-18 18:36 (934784c), last modified 2023-08-18 16:02 (f8ebd96).

Edition

Logical
Physical
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⟨1⟩ <quatrefoil> yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jayaparameśvaravarmmadeva turaiy· vijaya rajan· devakāryya ⟨2⟩ punaḥ sthāpanā rūpa pu pom̃ tana rayā nan· vuḥ humā svar· sandik· di drāv· 300 jāk· ⟨3⟩ humā udaya manrauṅ· 8002 pluḥ jāk· ṅan· tandoṅ· laṅgum̃ hulu⟨4⟩n· campa kvir· lauv· pukam· syaṁ aviḥ jem̃ 55 śarīra bhaṇḍāra svam̃r· hu⟨5⟩luv· krauṅ· sragīk· kanūk· kraum̃ vvaṅ· māmoga 15 thim̃ pirak· 150

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ turaiy· vijaya ⬦ turaiyvijaya AVS. — ⟨1⟩ devakāryya ⬦ deva kāñyā EA.

⟨2⟩ sthāpanā ⬦ sthapanā EA. — ⟨2⟩ jāk ⬦ jāt EA.

⟨3⟩ manrauṅ ⬦ manroṅ EA. — ⟨3⟩ 8002 ⬦ 9002 EA. — ⟨3⟩ laṅgum̃ ⬦ laṅgǎu EA; laṅguv AVS.

⟨4⟩ lauv ⬦ lov EA AVS. — ⟨4⟩ śarīra ⬦ śarira EA. — ⟨4⟩ bhaṇḍāra ⬦ caṇḍāla (candala?) EA; candāra AVS. — ⟨4⟩ svam̃r ⬦ svar AVS.

⟨4-5⟩ huluv ⬦ hulun EA AVS.

⟨5⟩ krauṅ ⬦ krod EA AVS. — ⟨5⟩ kanūk ⬦ kanuk EA AVS. — ⟨5⟩ kraum̃ ⬦ kroṅ EA AVS. — ⟨5⟩ māmoga ⬦ māso ma EA AVS • Correct māḥ bhoga. — ⟨5⟩ 150 ⬦ 15 EA; 17 AVS.

Translation by Arlo Griffiths

Y.P.K. Śrī Jayaparameśvaravarmadeva of Turaiy Vijaya carried out the reinstallation of the image [as] divine service. This P.P.T.R. offered a Svar Sandik rice-field at Drāv; 300 jāk. The rice-field of Udaya to the South [of the previous one] 820 jāk with tandoṅ laṅguv. Slaves – Cams, Khmers, Chinese (?), Paganese [and] Siamese – all together 55 individuals. A svam̃r domain. The sragīk kanūk source the vvaṅ river. Good in gold: 15 thil; in silver: 150.

Translation into French by Lepoutre 2013

Y.P.K. Śrī Jayaparameśvaravarmadeva de Turaiy Vijaya effectua [en tant que] service pour les dieux la réinstallation de l’image. Ce P.P.T.R. offrit une rizière Svar Sandik à Drāv : 300 jāk. La rizière d’Udaya au sud [de la précédente] 820 jāk avec tandoṅ laṅguv. Des esclaves – Cams, Khmers, Chinois (?), Paganais [et] Siamois – en tout 55 individus. Un domaine svam̃r. La source sragīk kanūk le fleuve vvaṅ. Biens en or 15 thil ; en argent 150.

Commentary

The notation 8002 pluḥ in line 3 must no doubt be interpreted as 820. About the Cam use of numeral signs, Aymonier 1889, p. 38 wrote that “La décadence des études est telle chez les misérables Chams du Bình-Thuận qu’ils ont perdu la notion de la valeur de position des chiffres et écrivent 101, 102, 103, etc., pour 11, 12, 13, etc. Quant à présenter des centaines de chiffres, ils ne s’y aventurent même pas”. At the time he published this inscription, Aymonier 1891, p. 30, who read 9002, echoed the same attitude, adding: “Et il me semble qu’on trouve déjà ici la trace de cette ignorance. Le lapicide écrit 900 2 suivis de pluḥ ’dizaines’, et il y a fort à présumer qu’il a voulu écrire 900 plus 2 dizaines, soit 920 jāk”. Among related writing traditions, this type of procedure does not seem to be widespread. However, one could find some similar cases, in Orissa for instance where people number manuscript folios in a similar way (1002 for 102).

Bibliography

A few words were read in Bergaigne 1888, p. 88; partially published, with French translation, in Aymonier 1891, pp. 28–29; whence, summed up in English, in Majumdar 1985, p. 207 and Golzio 2004, pp. 179–180 whence again, with translation into French in Schweyer 2005, pp. 95–96. The present edition and translation after Lepoutre 2013, pp. 261–262 where we have re-edited the text from the inked EFEO estampage and the stone.

Primary

[EA] Aymonier, Étienne. 1891. “Première étude sur les inscriptions tchames.” JA, pp. 5–86. [URL]. Pages 28–29.

[AVS] Schweyer, Anne-Valérie. 2005. “Po Nagar de Nha Trang, seconde partie : Le dossier épigraphique.” Aséanie, Sciences humaines en Asie du Sud-Est 15, pp. 87–119. DOI: 10.3406/asean.2005.1847. [URL]. Pages 95–96.

[AL] Lepoutre, Amandine. 2013. “Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campā, IV: Les inscriptions du temple de Svayamutpanna. Contribution à l'histoire des relations entre les pouvoirs cam et khmer (de la fin du XII^e siècle au début du XIII^e siècle).” JA 301 (1), pp. 205–278. DOI: 10.2143/JA.301.1.2994464. Pages 261–262.

Secondary

Parmentier, Henri. 1909. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome premier: Description des monuments. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. [URL]. Page 130.

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<lb n="1"/> <g type="quatrefoil"/> yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jayaparameśvaravarmmadeva turaiy· vijaya rajan· devakāryya

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<p>Y.P.K. Śrī Jayaparameśvaravarmadeva of Turaiy Vijaya carried out the reinstallation of the image <supplied reason="subaudible">as</supplied> divine service. This P.P.T.R. offered a Svar Sandik rice-field at Drāv; 300 <foreign>jāk</foreign>. The rice-field of Udaya to the South <supplied reason="subaudible">of the previous one</supplied> 820 <foreign>jāk</foreign> with <foreign>tandoṅ laṅguv</foreign>. Slaves – Cams, Khmers, Chinese (?), Paganese <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> Siamese – all together 55 individuals. A <foreign>svam̃r</foreign> domain. The <foreign>sragīk kanūk</foreign> source the <foreign>vvaṅ</foreign> river. Good in gold: 15 <foreign>thil</foreign>; in silver: 150.</p>

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<p>Y.P.K. Śrī Jayaparameśvaravarmadeva de Turaiy Vijaya effectua <supplied reason="subaudible">en tant que</supplied> service pour les dieux la réinstallation de l'image. Ce P.P.T.R. offrit une rizière Svar Sandik à Drāv : 300 <foreign>jāk</foreign>. La rizière d'Udaya au sud <supplied reason="subaudible">de la précédente</supplied> 820 <foreign>jāk</foreign> avec <foreign>tandoṅ laṅguv</foreign>. Des esclaves – Cams, Khmers, Chinois (?), Paganais <supplied reason="subaudible">et</supplied> Siamois – en tout 55 individus. Un domaine <foreign>svam̃r</foreign>. La source <foreign>sragīk kanūk</foreign> le fleuve <foreign>vvaṅ</foreign>. Biens en or 15 <foreign>thil</foreign> ; en argent 150.</p>

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<p>The notation <foreign>8002 pluḥ</foreign> in line 3 must no doubt be interpreted as 820. About the Cam use of numeral signs, <bibl><ptr target="bib:Aymonier1889_01"/><citedRange unit="page">38</citedRange></bibl> wrote that <quote>La décadence des études est telle chez les misérables Chams du Bình-Thuận qu'ils ont perdu la notion de la valeur de position des chiffres et écrivent 101, 102, 103, etc., pour 11, 12, 13, etc. Quant à présenter des centaines de chiffres, ils ne s'y aventurent même pas</quote>. At the time he published this inscription, <bibl><ptr target="bib:Aymonier1891_01"/><citedRange unit="page">30</citedRange></bibl>, who read 9002, echoed the same attitude, adding: <quote>Et il me semble qu'on trouve déjà ici la trace de cette ignorance. Le lapicide écrit 900 2 suivis de <foreign>pluḥ</foreign> 'dizaines', et il y a fort à présumer qu'il a voulu écrire 900 plus 2 dizaines, soit 920 <foreign>jāk</foreign></quote>. Among related writing traditions, this type of procedure does not seem to be widespread. However, one could find some similar cases, in Orissa for instance where people number manuscript folios in a similar way (1002 for 102).</p></div>

<p>A few words were read in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Bergaigne1888_01"/><citedRange unit="page">88</citedRange></bibl>; partially published, with French translation, in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Aymonier1891_01"/><citedRange unit="page">28-29</citedRange></bibl>; whence, summed up in English, in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1985_01"/><citedRange unit="page">207</citedRange></bibl> and <bibl><ptr target="bib:Golzio2004_01"/><citedRange unit="page">179-180</citedRange></bibl> whence again, with translation into French in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Schweyer2005_01"/><citedRange unit="page">95-96</citedRange></bibl>. The present edition and translation after <bibl><ptr target="bib:Lepoutre2013_01"/><citedRange unit="page">261-262</citedRange></bibl> where we have re-edited the text from the inked EFEO estampage and the stone.</p>

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