SII 3.27: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “IV.—INSCRIPTIONS AT MANIMANGALAM. No. 27.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE IN THE RAJAGOPALA-PERUMAL TEMPLE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 6th year of the reign of the Chōḷa king Rājakēsarivarman¹ (l. 2). It opens with two Sanskrit verses, which state that a person whose name is not given made a grant to the Vishṇu temple at Ratnāgrahāra or Ratnagrāma, i.e. Maṇimaṅgalam. From the following Tamil passage it appears that the donor had purchased the land from the inhabitants of Maṇimaṅgalam. The grant consisted of 4,000 kuḻi of land, of which 2,000 were situated on the west of Maṇimaṅgalam and south of Kuḷattūr, the modern Koḷattūr.² The remaining 2,000 kuḻi were situated on the south of Maṇimaṅgalam and east of Amaṇpākkam—the modern Ammaṇambākkam.³

In this archaic inscription the virāma is marked above several letters by a dot (puḷḷi), just as in the modern Tamil print. The Grantha ṇā of praṇāśa (l. 1) is expressed by a compound letter which differs from the Tamil ṇā.⁴

Languages: Sanskrit (san) [Grantha (grantha)], Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0027.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0027.xml.

Version: 2026-04-17 20:51 (91a7006), last modified 2026-04-15 15:39 (efe2099).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] vidyāramāvanitayossamudāyamū⟨r⟩ttirā⟨r⟩ttipraṇāśanipuṇo ramaṇ¿i?yak¿i?⟨r⟩¿(tti)?ḥ [|] ratnā(gra)hāra Iti vi(śruta)nāmadheyassaṁrā⟨⟨(ja)⟩⟩te sakalasa¿ta?guṇara¿nt?asindhuḥ [∥ 1 ∥] rannagrāmāgrahāre (v)ai śrīma⟨d·⟩dv(ā)-
⟨2⟩ rādhivāsinaḥ [|] Ācandratāramakaro¿(t·)?bhogande(va)sya śāśvataM ∥⁓ [2 ∥] ko(vi)rājakesariva(nma)⟨r⟩kki ⟨yā⟩ṇṭu 6 vatu ceṅkāṭṭukkoṭṭattu maṇimaṅ(ka)lamākiya Ulokamahādevi¿ś?a¿d?ur{v}vedimaṅka⟨la⟩ttu mahāsabhaiyom
⟨3⟩ Em(mū)r śrī(ma)⟨d·⟩dvārāpuridevarkku (ṉā)ṅkaḷ viṟṟukkuṭu(t)ta bhūmi [|] melpiṭā(k)ai mākaṇūr Ellaik=ku (m)eṟ(ku)m periyaputteri karaik=ku vaṭa(k=ku)m (m)e¿l?pā¿l?kellai kaliccaṅkāluk=ku kiḻak(ku)m (vaṭa)pāṟkel-
⟨4⟩ (lai) kuḷattūr Ellaik(ku)tteṟku Āka (I)⟨n⟩nā¿l?kellaiyuḷḷu(maka)ppaṭṭa (Ira)ṇṭāyiraṅkuḻiyum [|] (t)e(ṉ)piṭākai peṟūr Aṭṭiṉa putteri k¿i?ḻai bhūmi (kī)ḻpāṟkel-
⟨5⟩ (lai) kuṭumpiṭupāṭakattukku meṟkum teṉpā(ṟ)kellai maṇṇikkālukku vaṭakkum melpāṟk(e)llai Amaṇ-
⟨6⟩ pā⟨kka⟩ttellaikku kiḻakku vaṭapāṟkellai Eri karaikku{m} teṟkumāka Innāṟpālellai(yuḷ)ḷumakappaṭṭa ni-
⟨7⟩ lattil niṉṟa Iraṇṭāyiraṅkuḻiyum [|] Āka nālāyiraṅkuḻiyum candrādi¿tta?vat· Iṟaiyili ceytu kuṭu-
⟨8⟩ ttom mahāsabhaiyom [|] Iṉni(la)⟨m⟩ cuṭṭi Iṟaiyu⟨m⟩ E⟨ṟa⟩ccoṟu veṭṭi veya(ti kā)ṇa(m) Epp¿o?r-
⟨9⟩ (pa)ṭṭatu⟨m⟩ kāṭṭa (peṟā)tomā(ṉ)o[m |] (kā)ṭṭinā(re) pe(r) p(e)r I(ru)pa⟨t⟩tai(ṅ)kaḻa(ñ)cu poṉ (ma)ṉṟavoṭ(ṭi) kuṭu⟨ttom⟩ mahāsabhaiyo(m) [|]
⟨10⟩ (śrī)v(ai)ṣṇa¿b?arā¿ṣ?ai (∥⁓)

Apparatus

⟨8⟩ E⟨ṟa⟩ccoṟu • See above, No. 24, text line 7.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity !

(Verse 1.) Resplendent is (the village) whose famous name is Ratnāgrahāra (and which is) an embodiment of the union of the two goddesses of learning and prosperity, able to remove distress, of lovely fame (and) an ocean of all gems—noble qualities.

(V. 2.) (He)⁵ founded, for as long as the moon and the stars endure, a perpetual enjoyment (bhōga) of the god who resides in (the temple of) Śrīmad-Dvārā in the agrahāra of Ratnagrāma.

(Line 2.) In the 6th year (of the reign) of king Rājakēsarivarman, we, the great assembly of Maṇimaṅgalam, alias Lōkamahādēvi-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, (in the district) of Śēṅgāṭṭu-kōṭṭam, sold (the following) land to (the temple of) Śrīmad-Dvārāpuridēva in our village.

(L. 3.) Two thousand kuḻi, enclosed within the following four boundaries:—(The eastern boundary is) to the west of the boundary of Māgaṇūr, a hamlet on the west (of our village); (the southern boundary is) to the north of the bank of the Periyaputtēri (tank); the western boundary (is) to the east of the Kalichchaṅgāl (channel);⁶ and the northern boundary (is) to the south of the boundary of Kuḷattūr.

(L. 4.) Two thousand kuḻi of land below the Puttēri (tank) at (?) Pēṟūr, a hamlet on the south (of our village), enclosed within the following four boundaries:—The eastern boundary (is) to the west of Kuḍumbiḍupāḍagam; the southern boundary (is) to the north of the Maṇṇikkāl (channel); the western boundary (is) to the east of the boundary of Amaṇpā[kka]m; and the northern boundary (is) to the south of the bank of the tank.

(L. 7.) Altogether four thousand kuḻi were given, for as long as the moon and the sun exist (and) free of taxes, by us, the great assembly.

(L. 8.) On this land we shall not be entitled to claim any taxes, . . . . . forced labour (veṭṭi, vēdi) and kāṇam.⁷

(L. 9.) We, the great assembly, agree that each of those who claim (them) shall pay a fine⁸ of twenty-five kaḻañju of gold.

(L. 10.) (This charity is placed under) the protection of the Śrī-Vaishṇavas).

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.27 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 50–51, item 27.

Notes

1. See above, p. 2, note 4.
2. No. 289 on the Madras Survey Map of the Conjeeveram tāluka.
3. No. 330 on the same map.
4. Compare above, Vol. II. p. 200, note 1.
5. The name of the donor is not stated.
6. From this channel is probably derived the name of the modern village of Kariśaṅgāl (No. 319 on the Madras Survey Map of the Conjeeveram tāluka), south of Maṇimaṅgalam.
7. Compare above, No. 12, text line 8.
8. The verb maṉṟu, which occurs also in Vol. I. Nos. 82 and 83, evidently means ‘to pay a fine;’ compare above, p. 38, note 5.

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<title type="alt">IV.—INSCRIPTIONS AT MANIMANGALAM. No. 27.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE IN THE RAJAGOPALA-PERUMAL TEMPLE.</title>

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<p>This inscription is dated in the 6th year of the reign of the <hi rend="bold">Chōḷa</hi> king <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi><note>See above, p. 2, note 4.</note> (l. 2). It opens with two Sanskrit verses, which state that a person whose name is not given made a grant to the Vishṇu temple at <hi rend="bold">Ratnāgrahāra</hi> or <hi rend="bold">Ratnagrāma</hi>, <hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> Maṇimaṅgalam. From the following Tamil passage it appears that the donor had purchased the land from the inhabitants of <hi rend="bold">Maṇimaṅgalam</hi>. The grant consisted of 4,000 <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> of land, of which 2,000 were situated on the west of Maṇimaṅgalam and south of <hi rend="bold">Kuḷattūr</hi>, the modern Koḷattūr.<note>No. 289 on the <hi rend="italic">Madras Survey Map</hi> of the Conjeeveram tāluka.</note> The remaining 2,000 <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> were situated on the south of Maṇimaṅgalam and east of <hi rend="bold">Amaṇpākkam</hi>—the modern Ammaṇambākkam.<note>No. 330 on the same map.</note> </p>

<p>In this archaic inscription the <hi rend="italic">virāma</hi> is marked above several letters by a dot (<hi rend="italic">puḷḷi</hi>), just as in the modern Tamil print. The Grantha <hi rend="italic">ṇā</hi> of <hi rend="italic">praṇāśa</hi> (l. 1) is expressed by a compound letter which differs from the Tamil <hi rend="italic">ṇā</hi>.<note>Compare above, Vol. II. p. 200, note 1.</note> </p>

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<lem>E<supplied reason="omitted">ṟa</supplied>ccoṟu</lem>

<note>See above, No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0024">24</ref>, text line 7.</note>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity !</p>

<p>(Verse 1.) Resplendent is (<hi rend="italic">the village</hi>) whose famous name is <hi rend="bold">Ratnāgrahāra</hi> (<hi rend="italic">and which is</hi>) an embodiment of the union of the two goddesses of learning and prosperity, able to remove distress, of lovely fame (<hi rend="italic">and</hi>) an ocean of all gems—noble qualities.</p>

<p>(V. 2.) (<hi rend="italic">He)</hi><note>The name of the donor is not stated.</note> founded, for as long as the moon and the stars endure, a perpetual enjoyment (<hi rend="italic">bhōga</hi>) of the god who resides in (<hi rend="italic">the temple of</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Śrīmad-Dvārā</hi> in the <hi rend="italic">agrahāra</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Ratnagrāma</hi>.</p>

<p>(Line 2.) In the 6th year (<hi rend="italic">of the reign</hi>) of king <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi>, we, the great assembly of <hi rend="bold">Maṇimaṅgalam</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Lōkamahādēvi-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">in the district</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Śēṅgāṭṭu-kōṭṭam</hi>, sold (<hi rend="italic">the following</hi>) land to (<hi rend="italic">the temple of</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Śrīmad-Dvārāpuridēva</hi> in our village.</p>

<p>(L. 3.) Two thousand <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi>, enclosed within the following four boundaries:—(<hi rend="italic">The eastern boundary is</hi>) to the west of the boundary of <hi rend="bold">Māgaṇūr</hi>, a hamlet on the west (<hi rend="italic">of our village); (the southern boundary is</hi>) to the north of the bank of the <hi rend="italic">Periyaputtēri</hi> (tank); the western boundary (<hi rend="italic">is</hi>) to the east of the <hi rend="italic">Kalichchaṅgāl</hi> (channel);<note>From this channel is probably derived the name of the modern village of Kariśaṅgāl (No. 319 on the <hi rend="italic">Madras Survey Map</hi> of the Conjeeveram tāluka), south of Maṇimaṅgalam.</note> and the northern boundary (<hi rend="italic">is</hi>) to the south of the boundary of <hi rend="bold">Kuḷattūr</hi>.</p>

<p>(L. 4.) Two thousand <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> of land below the <hi rend="italic">Puttēri</hi> (tank) at (?) <hi rend="bold">Pēṟūr</hi>, a hamlet on the south (<hi rend="italic">of our village</hi>), enclosed within the following four boundaries:—The eastern boundary (<hi rend="italic">is</hi>) to the west of <hi rend="bold">Kuḍumbiḍupāḍagam</hi>; the southern boundary (<hi rend="italic">is</hi>) to the north of the <hi rend="italic">Maṇṇikkāl</hi> (channel); the western boundary (<hi rend="italic">is</hi>) to the east of the boundary of <hi rend="bold">Amaṇpā[kka]m</hi>; and the northern boundary (<hi rend="italic">is</hi>) to the south of the bank of the tank.</p>

<p>(L. 7.) Altogether four thousand <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> were given, for as long as the moon and the sun exist (<hi rend="italic">and</hi>) free of taxes, by us, the great assembly.</p>

<p>(L. 8.) On this land we shall not be entitled to claim any taxes, . . . . . forced labour (<hi rend="italic">veṭṭi, vēdi</hi>) and <hi rend="italic">kāṇam</hi>.<note>Compare above, No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0012">12</ref>, text line 8.</note> </p>

<p>(L. 9.) We, the great assembly, agree that each of those who claim (<hi rend="italic">them</hi>) shall pay a fine<note>The verb <hi rend="italic">maṉṟu</hi>, which occurs also in Vol. I. Nos. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0082">82</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0083">83</ref>, evidently means ‘to pay a fine;’ compare above, p. 38, note 5.</note> of twenty-five <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold.</p>

<p>(L. 10.) (<hi rend="italic">This charity is placed under</hi>) the protection of the <hi rend="italic">Śrī-Vaishṇavas</hi>).</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.27 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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