Nallūr, Vilvāraṇyeśvara, time of Rājarādeva Cōḻa, year 19

Authors of digital edition: Renato Dávalos (reda), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Registers the gift of the whole village of Nallūr consisting of 360 vēli of land and of other pieces elsewhere amounting to ten vēli and odd with their income in taxes like mākkalam, āyam and kīḻiṟaipāṭṭam for the requirements of the temple of Nallanāyaṉār at Nallūr by Āḷappiṟandāṉ Mōgaṉ alias Kāḍavarāyaṉ.

Palaeographic description: Consonants aligned horizontally rather than vertically in Grantha ligature sva. No distinction between Tamil e and ē, o and ō.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00031.

File path: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00031.xml.

Version: 2026-02-23 05:53 (571f0ab), last modified 2026-02-23 05:53 (571f0ab).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī rāja-rāja-de-
⟨2⟩ (vaṟ)ku yāṇṭu 10 9 Āvatu
⟨3⟩ (Ā)ḷappiṟan=tā¡n! mōkaṉ-āṉa kā-
⟨4⟩ ṭavarāyaṉ-ēṉ nallūr Uṭai-
⟨5⟩ yār nalla-nāyaṉāṟku tiruppa-
⟨6⟩ ṇikkum tiru-p-paṭimāṟṟukkum ā-
⟨7⟩ ka v-iṭṭaṉ nallūr (e)llai Aṭa-
⟨8⟩ (ṅ)ka n(i)lam munnūṟṟ’ aṟu-[patu vē]li-
⟨9⟩ yum vaṭa-v-āṟṟaṅkarai-t tiru-nan=tava-
⟨10⟩ ṉam 5 vēliyum kāccuva-k-kuṭi-
⟨11⟩ yil nilam Ai-vē(l)iyum vali-
⟨12⟩ y(ō)caiyil nilam muṉ(ṟu)
⟨13⟩ māvum puñcaṉūril nilam <iru-mā>
⟨14⟩ potu-k-kuṭi nilam <muṉṟu-mā>-(m) n¿i?kki
⟨15⟩ ¡n!a nilam <kāl>-m Āka In-nilaṅkaḷil pā-
⟨16⟩ ṭi-kāva(l u)ḷḷiṭ=ṭa mākkalaṅkaḷum (maṟṟuḷ)-
⟨17⟩ ḷa Ā[yaṅkaḷum It-tiru]vellaiy(il) (mā)[k]
⟨18⟩ kācu taṟi-(y)-[iṟai U]ṭpaṭ=ṭa kīḻ iṟai-p pāṭ[ṭa]-
⟨19⟩ ṅkaḷu(m) Aṭa[ṅka] nalla-nāya¡n!āruk[ku]
⟨20⟩ v-iṭṭēṉ I(tu) [pa]nmāheśva(ra)-rakṣai

Apparatus

⟨17⟩ Ā[yaṅkaḷum It-tiru]vēllaiy(il) (mā) [4+] • Reading based on ASI transcript: Āyaṅkaḷum Ittiruvellaiyil mā [2+]

⟨18⟩ taṟi-(y)-[iṟai U]ṭpaṭ=ṭa • Reading after ASI transcript.

⟨19⟩ Aṭa[ṅka] • Reading after ASI transcript.

Translation

⟨1–2⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨3–9⟩ I, Āḷappiṟantāṉ Mōkaṉ alias Kāṭavarāyaṉ, have made this endowment to Nalla Nāyaṉār, Lord of Nallūr, for the food offerings (tiruppaṭimāṟu) and for the sacred services (tiruppaṇi):

360 vēlis of land that comprise the boundaries of Nallūr,
5 vēlis of land of the sacred garden on the northern bank of the river,
5 vēlis of land for the Kāccuvakuṭi,¹
3 mās of land in Valiyōcai,²
2 mās of land in Puñcaṉūr,³
3 mās for the new tenants (potukkuṭi), and
deducting (nīkki) a quarter of land.

Within these lands, the taxes of one kalam of paddy per mā (mākkalam) include the tax for safeguarding the lands (pāṭikāval), related (maṟṟuḷḷa) ¿state? taxes (āyam), and the minor cesses (kīḻ iṟai pāṭṭam) which include the tax on loom (taṟi iṟai), ¿gold coins?, mā ⟨of land⟩ in these sacred boundaries.

This is under the protection of the paṉmaheśvaras.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1939-43 (ARIE/1939-1943/B/1940-1941/145).

This edition by Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis, and Margherita Trento, based on autopsy, photos (E. Francis, 2024), and ASI transcript.

ASI transcript consulted in Mysore by Renato Dávalos and Margherita Trento (September 2025) with the kind permission of the Director of Epigraphy.

Secondary

ARIE 1939-43. Annual reports on South Indian epigraphy for the years 1939-40 to 1942-43. Edited by C. R. Krishnamacharlu and N. Laksminarayan Rao. Delhi: Government of India, 1952. Page 92, item 145, appendixes B/1940-1941.

Notes

1. The village is nowadays known as Kaccakuṭi.
2. The village called Valacai.
3. The village is called nowadays Piñcaṉūr. These three villages are contiguous to Nallūr.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Nallūr, Vilvāraṇyeśvara, time of Rājarādeva Cōḻa, year 19</title>

<resp>author of digital edition</resp>

<forename>Renato</forename>

<surname>Dávalos</surname>

</persName>

<forename>Emmanuel</forename>

<surname>Francis</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority>DHARMA</authority>

<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00031</idno>

<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported

Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to

Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,

California, 94041, USA.</p>

</licence>

</availability>

</publicationStmt>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

<idno/>

</msIdentifier>

<summary>Registers the gift of the whole village of Nallūr consisting of 360 <foreign>vēli</foreign> of land and of other pieces elsewhere amounting to ten <foreign>vēli</foreign> and odd with their income in taxes like <foreign>mākkalam</foreign>, <foreign>āyam</foreign> and <foreign>kīḻiṟaipāṭṭam</foreign> for the requirements of the temple of Nallanāyaṉār at Nallūr by Āḷappiṟandāṉ Mōgaṉ alias Kāḍavarāyaṉ.</summary>

</msContents>

<p>Consonants aligned horizontally rather than vertically in Grantha ligature <foreign>sva</foreign>. No distinction between Tamil <foreign>e</foreign> and <foreign>ē</foreign>, <foreign>o</foreign> and <foreign>ō</foreign>.</p>

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant

agreement no 809994).</p>

</projectDesc>

<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named

ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

</prefixDef>

<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the

<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

</prefixDef>

</listPrefixDef>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:reda" when="2024-10-28">Creation of the file</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<ab>

<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

</ab>

<p>

<lb n="2" break="no"/><unclear>vaṟ</unclear>ku yāṇṭu <num value="19"><g type="numeral">10</g> 9</num> Āvatu

</p>

<p>

<lb n="3"/><unclear>Ā</unclear>ḷappiṟan=tā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> mōkaṉ-āṉa kā

<lb n="4" break="no"/>ṭavarāyaṉ-ēṉ nallūr Uṭai

<lb n="5" break="no"/>yār nalla-nāyaṉāṟku tiruppa

<lb n="6" break="no"/>ṇikkum tiru-p-paṭimāṟṟukkum ā

<lb n="7" break="no"/>ka v-iṭṭaṉ

</p>

<p>

nallūr <supplied reason="explanation">e</supplied>llai Aṭa

<lb n="8" break="no"/><unclear>ṅ</unclear>ka n<unclear>i</unclear>lam munnūṟṟ’ aṟu-<supplied reason="lost">patu vē</supplied>li

<lb n="9" break="no"/>yum

vaṭa-v-āṟṟaṅkarai-t tiru-nan=tava

<lb n="10" break="no"/>ṉam 5 vēliyum kāccuva-k-kuṭi

<lb n="11" break="no"/>yil nilam Ai-vē<unclear>l</unclear>iyum vali

<lb n="12" break="no"/>y<unclear>ō</unclear>caiyil nilam muṉ<unclear>ṟu</unclear>

<lb n="13"/>māvum puñcaṉūril nilam <g type="iru-mā"/>

<lb n="14"/>potu-k-kuṭi nilam <g type="muṉṟu-mā"/>-<unclear>m</unclear> n<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>kki

<lb n="15"/><choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>a nilam <g type="kāl"/>-m Āka

</p>

<p>

In-nilaṅkaḷil pā

<lb n="16" break="no"/>ṭi-kāva<unclear>l u</unclear>ḷḷiṭ=ṭa mākkalaṅkaḷum <unclear>maṟṟuḷ</unclear>

<lb n="17" break="no"/>ḷa Ā<supplied reason="lost">yaṅkaḷum It-tiru</supplied>vellaiy<unclear>il</unclear> <unclear>mā</unclear><supplied reason="lost">k</supplied>

<lb n="19" break="no"/>ṅkaḷu<unclear>m</unclear>

</p>

<p>

Aṭa<supplied reason="lost">ṅka</supplied> nalla-nāya<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>āruk<supplied reason="lost">ku</supplied>

<lb n="20"/>v-iṭṭēṉ

</p>

<p>

I<unclear>tu</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">pa</supplied><hi rend="grantha">nmāheśva<unclear>ra</unclear>-rakṣai</hi>

</p>

</div>

<lem>Ā<supplied reason="lost">yaṅkaḷum It-tiru</supplied>vēllaiy<unclear>il</unclear> <unclear>mā</unclear> <gap quantity="4" unit="character" reason="lost"/></lem>

<note>Reading based on ASI transcript: <foreign>Āyaṅkaḷum Ittiruvellaiyil mā <gap quantity="2" unit="character" reason="lost"/></foreign></note>

</app>

<note>Reading after ASI transcript.</note>

</app>

<note>Reading after ASI transcript.</note>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Prosperity! Fortune!

</p>

I, Āḷappiṟantāṉ Mōkaṉ alias Kāṭavarāyaṉ, have made this endowment to Nalla Nāyaṉār, Lord of Nallūr, for the food offerings <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruppaṭimāṟu</foreign></supplied> and for the sacred services <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruppaṇi</foreign></supplied>:

</p>

<p>

<list>

<item>360 <foreign>vēli</foreign>s of land that comprise the boundaries of Nallūr,</item>

<item>5 <foreign>vēli</foreign>s of land of the sacred garden on the northern bank of the river,</item>

<item>5 <foreign>vēli</foreign>s of land for the Kāccuvakuṭi,<note>The village is nowadays known as Kaccakuṭi.</note></item>

<item>3 <foreign>mā</foreign>s of land in Valiyōcai,<note>The village called Valacai.</note></item>

<item>2 <foreign>mā</foreign>s of land in Puñcaṉūr,<note>The village is called nowadays Piñcaṉūr. These three villages are contiguous to Nallūr.</note> </item>

<item>3 <foreign>mā</foreign>s for the new tenants <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>potukkuṭi</foreign></supplied>, and </item>

<item>deducting <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīkki</foreign></supplied> a quarter of land.</item>

</list>

</p>

<p>

Within these lands, the taxes of one <foreign>kalam</foreign> of paddy per <foreign>mā</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mākkalam</foreign></supplied> include the tax for safeguarding the lands <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pāṭikāval</foreign></supplied>, related <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>maṟṟuḷḷa</foreign></supplied> <seg cert="low">state</seg> taxes <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āyam</foreign></supplied>, and the minor cesses <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kīḻ iṟai pāṭṭam</foreign></supplied> which include the tax on loom <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>taṟi iṟai</foreign></supplied>, <seg cert="low">gold coins</seg>, <foreign>mā</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">of land</supplied> in these sacred boundaries.

</p>

<p>

This is under the protection of the <foreign>paṉmaheśvaras</foreign>.

</p>

</div>

<!--<div type="commentary">

</div>-->

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1939-1943"/></bibl> (ARIE/1939-1943/B/1940-1941/145).</p>

<p>This edition by Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis, and Margherita Trento, based on autopsy, photos (E. Francis, 2024), and ASI transcript.</p>

<p>ASI transcript consulted in Mysore by Renato Dávalos and Margherita Trento (September 2025) with the kind permission of the Director of Epigraphy.</p>

<!--<listBibl type="primary">

</listBibl>-->

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>