SII 3.21: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “III.—INSCRIPTIONS IN THE PASUPATISVARA TEMPLE AT KARUVUR. No. 21.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE PASUPATISVARA SHRINE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 9th year of the reign of Parakēsarivarman, alias Rājēndradēva, the successor of Rājādhirāja.1 An unpublished inscription of the same year in the Vaidyanātha temple at Tirumalavāḍi (No. 87 of 1895) states that Rājādhirāja was Rājēndra’s elder brother, and that he fell in the battle of Koppam. The subjoined inscription and others2 mention Rājēndra’s elder brother,’ but do not give his name.

The inscription records that the king granted the village of Kaṇavadinallūr in Veṅgāla-nāḍu, a district of Adhirājarāja-maṇḍalam, to the Tiruvānilai temple. It is signed by five officers, whose names appear also in the Karuvūr inscription of Vīrarājēndra I. (No. 20, l. 15 ff. and l. 22 ff.). This fact corroborates the conclusion drawn above (p. 32), that Vīrarājēndra I. succeeded Rājēndra within a single generation.

One of the five officers whose names occur in Nos. 20 and 21, is Araiyaṉ Rājarājaṉ, alias Vīrarājēndra-Jayamurināḍāḻvāṉ. This person is very probably identical with the Sēnāpati Jayamurināḍāḻvār, who is mentioned in an inscription of Rājēndradēva at Sangili-Kanadarāva in Ceylon.3 This inscription proves that the island of Ceylon, or at least a portion of it, was in Rājēndra’s possession.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0021.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0021.xml.

Version: (91a7006), last modified (14dcac5).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] tirumakaḷ maru(vi)ya ceṅko(l) ventaṉṟaṉ (mu)ṉṉ¿er? ceṉai (pi)ṉṉatuvāka muṉṉe(tir) ceṉṟu I(ra)-

⟨2⟩ ṭṭaipāṭi(y)eḻaraiyilakkamuṅko(ṇ)ṭu Et¿a?ramar peṟātu (E)ṇṭicai (na)ka(m) paṟaiya¿ṅ? kaṟaṅka(p)perāṟṟaṅka-

⟨3⟩ raikkoppattu vantetirtta Āha(va)malla(ṉṟa)ṉ p(eruñ)ce(ṉai)yellām paṭapporutu pā(ra)tu nikaḻappacu-

⟨4⟩ m piṇamākki Āṅkavaṉañc¿a?ppuṟkkiṭṭoṭa Ava(ṉāṉaiyu){ma}ṅ(ku)⟨ti⟩raiyum peṇṭupa(ṇ)ṭāramum Oṭṭakattoṭu Akap-

⟨5⟩ (pa)⟨ṭa⟩ppiṭittu ticaiyatu nikaḻa v¿i?rar A(vi)ṣekam (paṇ)ṇi v¿i?rasi(ṁ)hāsana(t)tu v¿i?ṟṟi(ru)nta(ru)ḷi(ya) koppara(k)e(ca) [***] rāṉa (U)-

⟨6⟩ ṭaiyār śrīrājen=tiratevaṟ(ku) yā(ṇ)ṭu 9 vatu [|] A(ti)rā¿t?arācamaṇṭalat(tu) veṅkālaṉāṭṭu ka(ṇa)vatinal(lūr kīḻ)pāk(k)e-

⟨7⟩ llai Eruttukkuḷattu(kku){tu} meṟkum [|] vaṭapākkellai nāṭṭupperuvaḻikku teṟkum [|] teṉpākkellai (Āṟ)ṟukku {vaṭa}-

⟨8⟩ {kku} vaṭakkum [|] mel(p)ākkellai I(rā)cama(h)entriraṉ vatikku ki(ḻak)kum [|] I(ṉ)ṉāṉkellai(k)kuṭpaṭ(ṭa) nilanañ(cai) puñcai ti-

⟨9⟩ ruvānilai mahā(t)evaṟ(ku) (v)e(ṇ)ṭum nimantaṅkaḷuk(ku)ttiru(ṉā)ma(ttukk)ā(ṇiy)ā(ka) Uṭump¿e?ṭi (Ā)mai ta(vaḻ) puṟṟu (Eḻu)-

⟨10⟩ nta Iṭam kaṟṟuppul perakaramuṟṟūṭṭum I(ṟu)ppatāka nam O(lai) kuṭukka [|] tiruvā⟨y⟩ mo(ḻi)nta⟨ru⟩(ḷi)nār(e)ṉṟu tirumantira(v)o(lai)

⟨11⟩ [kṣa]{(n)}(tri)ya{ṉ}ś{r}i¿kā?ma¿ṉa?va(ḷa)nāṭṭu paṉaiyū⟨r⟩n(ā)ṭṭu nervāyiluṭ(ai)yāṉ tāḻitiruppa(ṉa){na}ṅkāṭu (U)ṭ(ai)yāṉāṉa vāṉavaṉpal-

⟨12⟩ lavata⟨r⟩aiyaṉ Eḻut(tu) [|] (ti)ruman(ti)raO(lai)nā(ya)kam Irājarājaṉāṉa (t)oṇṭaim(ā)ṉ Eḻuttu [|] (Ū)rāṉ Uttamac(o)ḻaṉāṉa Irājarāja-

⟨13⟩ (bra)hmaṭa [*] pa[.]e [*] [.]ai [*] [|] Arai(yaṉ I)rācarācaṉā(ṉa vī)ra⟨r⟩ājentrajeyamu(ri)nā(ṭ)āḻvā(ṉ)n¿ai?(ḻu)t(tu) [|] (U)ṭa(ṉ)kūṭṭattu Atikā[rikaḷil kṣatri]¿kaṉ?-

⟨14⟩ ś¿ra?¿kā?maṇ¿a?va(ḷa)nāṭṭu⟨p⟩ pa[ṉai]¿(ḷumuṉā)?ṭṭu (j)e⟨ya⟩ṅkoṇṭaco(ḻa)nallū⟨ru⟩ṭaiyār (U)taiya(ti)v(āka)ra(ṉ kū)t(t)ā(ṭi)yārā(ṉa vī)rarāje(ntra)-

⟨15⟩ ma(ḻa)varāyaṉ Eḻut(tu) [|] (I)v(ai) pa¿(ṉtma)?he(śva)rarakṣ¿a? ∥⁓

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ Etaramar • Read Etiramar; No. 22 reads etir por.

⟨8⟩ ma(h)entriraṉ • Read mahendraṉ or makentiraṉ.

⟨13⟩ (bra)hmaṭa [1+] pa[.]e [1+] [.]ai [1+] • Read brahmādhirāyaṉ Eḻuttu; compare No. 20, ll. 16 and 22. — ⟨13⟩ Atikā [5+] kaṉ⟨14⟩śrakāmaṇava(ḷa)nāṭṭu pa [1+] (ḷumuṉā)ṭṭu • Read in accordance with No. 22, l. 10: Atikārikaḷil kṣatriyaśikhāmaṇivaḷanāṭṭuppaṉaiyūrnāṭṭu.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! While the army of his elder brother—the king (who wielded) the sceptre (and) was embraced by the goddess of fortune,—was at (his) back, (he) went in front (of his army) against (the enemy) and conquered the seven and a half lakshas of Iraṭṭai-pāḍi. (He) did not meet with opposition in battle; and (his) drums were sounding in the eight directions of the earth. (He) fought until the whole great army of Āhavamalla, who had proceeded to Koppam on the bank of the great river to oppose (him), perished, and converted (it) into reeking corpses (that) covered the earth. Then he (viz. Āhavamalla) became afraid, incurred disgrace, and ran away. (The king) seized his elephants and horses, women and treasures, together with the camels, and performed the anointment of heroes, (the news of which) spread in (all) directions. In the 9th year (of the reign) of (this) king Para[kēsarivarman], alias the lord Śrī-Rājēndradēva, who was graciously seated on the throne of heroes.

(L. 6.) “The eastern boundary of Ka[ṇa]vadinal[lūr] in Veṅgāla-nāḍu, (a district) of Adhirājarāja-maṇḍalam, (is) to the west of the ‘Bull-tank;’ the northern boundary (is) to the south of the high-road of the district; the southern boundary (is) to the north of the river; and the western boundary (is) to the east of the road of Rājamahēndra.

(L. 8.) “Let our written order (ōlai) be issued that the wet land and the dry land enclosed within these four boundaries (shall be given) as temple land to (the god) Mahādēva of the Tiruvānilai (temple) for necessary expenses,—(including every) place where the iguana runs, the tortoise crawls and an ant-hill rises, the grass for the calves, and (the land) enjoyed in full by the great village,4 —(and) shall pay taxes (to the temple).”

(L. 10.) (Thus) the king was pleased to order. The writing of the royal secretary, Vāṉavaṉ-Pallavadaraiyaṉ, the lord of Tāḻi-Tiruppaṉaṅgāḍu (and) the lord of Nērvāyil in Paṉaiyūr-nāḍu, (a district) of Kshatriyaśikhāmaṇi-vaḷanāḍu. The writing of the chief secretary, Rājarājaṉ, alias Toṇḍaimāṉ. The writing of the citizen Uttama-Śōḻaṉ, alias Rājarāja-Brahm[ādhirāyaṉ]. The writing of Araiyaṉ Rājarājaṉ, alias Vīrarājēndra-Jayamurināḍāḻvāṉ. The writing of Udayadivākaraṉ Kūttāḍiyār, alias Vīrarājēndra-Maḻavarāyaṉ, (one) of the heads of the assembly (and) the lord of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻanallūr in Paṉaiyūr-nāḍu, (a district) of Kshatriyaśikhāmaṇi-vaḷanāḍu.

(L. 15.) “This (charity is placed under) the protection of all Māhēśvaras.”

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.21 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 39–41, item 21.

Notes

  1. 1. See page 32 above.

  2. 2. See Vol. II. p. 303 ff.

  3. 3. I owe an inked estampage of this record to Mr. H.C.P.Bell, c.c.s.

  4. 4. With the term perakaramuṟṟūṭṭu compare kaṇimuṟṟūṭṭu in Vol. II. No. 4, paragraph 2.