Copper plates from Patagandigudem (Kallacheruvu), set I — reign of Siri-Ehavalacāntamūla

Editors: Anonymous editor.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSEIAD00055.

Languages: Prakrit, Sanskrit.

Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-08-20 18:06 (9fa90aa), last modified 2023-05-15 17:43 (35386f0).

⟨Page 1b⟩ ⟨1⟩ siddham· <symbol>namo bhagavatos sarvvajñāyā <symbol>

vijayakkhaṁ⟨2⟩dhāvārā dhaṁṇakaḍāto māhārājā °asamedha⟨3⟩yāji°akkhayahiraṁṇakoḍippadāyiḥ °ikkhākūṇaṁ ⟨Page 2a⟩ ⟨4⟩ raṁño sirī°ehavalacāntamūlavaṁmmā °aṇavetī ⟨5⟩ °ettha pithuṁḍe sābhittāṇehi mahāvihārasa °ava⟨6⟩raddāre cātusāle °amhehi kāritaṁ °etassa ya khaṇḍa⟨Page 2b⟩⟨7⟩pullasaṇṭhappasa cātusāle °āgaṁtukavatthavvāṇa pavva⟨8⟩yitāṇaṁ vissāmaṇatthaṁ rañ(o) °ehalavatthamāṇavattha⟨9⟩vehi pavvayitehi avaraddāraseliyehi ⟨Page 3a⟩ ⟨10⟩ °aryyayakkhapamuhehi °aṇuṭṭhiya sāsanaṁ ⟨11⟩ kāritaṁ °akkhayanivviṁ kātūṇaṁ raño °appaṇo ⟨12⟩ puṇṇappāyaṇāyubalavaddhaṇatṭhaṁ °ayandatāraka⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨Page 3b⟩ ⟨13⟩ kātūṇa pithuṇḍe mahāvihārasa nagarassa °uttaradi⟨14⟩sāye mahāsetīye mahācelakasa °eṭṭhassa k(ū)la⟨15⟩tthapaddaggāmapatthe halaṁkkhettasa niyattāṇā bat(t)ī[sa] ⟨Page 4a⟩ ⟨16⟩ 302nidejaṁ nipoli <symbol>pithuṇḍassa °uttaradisāye va ⟨17⟩ hatthivārī pachimadisāye pupphakalase ha⟨18⟩laṁkkhettasa niyattaṇacatusaṭṭhi 604nidejaṁ nippoli ⟨Page 4b⟩ ⟨19⟩ °avaraddārī cātusālassa halo bhikhubhogaṁ kātūṇa ⟨20⟩ samyadattaṁ °āṇattī mahātalavara °aggasūro saṁvacharaṁ ⟨21⟩ himā 4divasaṁ 3jeca °ettakā rājāṇo raja⟨22⟩mattā ⟨Page 5a⟩vā talavaramahātalavarā vā jo °etassa halaṁbhi⟨kkhu⟩⟨23⟩bhogassa rāgeṇa kodhena vā lobheṇa moheṇa vā ⟨24⟩ harati harāveti vā haraṁntaṁ vā °aṇuvattati so ⟨Page 5b⟩ ⟨25⟩ (paṁ)ca(ma)ha(pāta)k(e)ṇa sa(ṁy)ujyatītt(i)

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ bhagavatos • Understand bhagavatas or bhagavate. Cf. same form in EIAD 54. — ⟨1⟩ sarvva- ⬦ sarva- Falka.

⟨3⟩ hiraṁṇakoḍi- ⬦ hiraṇakoḍi- Falka.

⟨4⟩ raṁño ⬦ rāñāṁ Falka.

⟨5⟩ cātusāle ⬦ cātusālaṁ Falka.

⟨8⟩ vissāmaṇatthaṁ ⬦ vissamaṇatthaṁ Falka.

⟨10⟩ sāsanaṁ ⬦ sāsaṇa Falka.

⟨12⟩ °ayandatāraka⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ °ayandatārakaṁ Falka.

⟨14-15⟩ k(ū)latthapaddaggāmapatthe ⬦ kulatthapaṭṭaggāmapanthe Falka.

⟨15⟩ bat(t)ī[sa] ⬦ batī(sa) Falka.

⟨16⟩ nidejaṁ _ nipoli ⬦ ti dejaṁ _ ti poli Falka.

⟨17⟩ puppha- ⬦ puppa- Falka • Cf. puppa- in EIAD 53, l. 1. But it seems possible to read puppha- here.

⟨18⟩ nidejaṁ nippoli ⬦ ti dejaṁ ti ppoli Falka.

⟨21⟩ raja- ⬦ rāj(ā)- Falka.

⟨22-23⟩ halaṁbhi⟨kkhu⟩bhogassa Falka • The restoration of akṣara kkhu is imposed by halo bhikhubhogaṁ in l. 19.

⟨24⟩ harāveti ⬦ hārāveti Falka. — ⟨24⟩ haraṁntaṁ ⬦ haraṁttaṁ Falka.

⟨25⟩ (paṁ)ca(ma)ha(pāta)k(e)ṇa ⬦ [2+] mahāpātareṇa Falka. — ⟨25⟩ sa(ṁy)ujyatītt(i) ⬦ [1+] ujjati ti Falka • The last akṣara might also be read ttī. We in fact expect ti.

Translation

(1) Success! Homage to the Bhagavant, the Omniscient One!

(1–4) From the victorious royal headquarters, from Dhaṇṇakaḍā (Dhānyakaṭaka), the King Siri-Ehavalacāntamūlavamma of the Ikṣvākus, Great King, sacrificer of the Aśvamedha, giver of unperishing tens of millions of (pieces of) gold, gives (the following) order:

(5–11) “Here in Pithuṇḍa we caused to be made by sābhittānas (?) a quadrangular compound at the western gate of the Great Monastery. For its repair of broken and shattered (parts), for the repose of renunciants who (will) arrive and who (presently) reside in the quadrangular compound, the (following) royal order was issued, to be carried out (anuṣṭheya ?) by the Avaraddāraseliya renunciants residing in the plot of King Eha[va]la, headed by Aryayakkha (Āryayakṣa):

(11–20) ‘Having made a permanent endowment, having made (it permanent) as long as moon and stars, in order to expand the king’s own merit and to increase his lifespan and power, to the Great Monastery in Pithuṇḍa 32 nivartanas of plowable land are to be given (nideya) (and) registered (?), in the northern direction of the town, at the Great Shrine of the mahācelaka Eṭṭha, on the road (leading to) the village Kulatthapadda. North of Pithuṇḍa, west of the elephant grove, in Pupphakalasa, sixty-four — 64 — nivartanas of plowable land are to be given (and) registered (?). Having made (this) plowable land (hala) the revenue of the monks of the quadrangular compound at the western gate, the gift is completed (samyagdattam).’

(20–25) The executor is the Great Talavara Aggasūra (Agraśūra). In the year, in the 4th (fortnight) of winter, on the 3rd day. Who (among) the local kings and king’s officers, or Talavaras and Great Talavaras, out of passion, anger, greed or delusion, takes away or causes to be taken away plowable land from this monks’ revenue, or accepts one who takes away, is endowed with the five great sins.”

Commentary

(5) sābhittāṇehi¹

(14) mahāsetīye²

(14) mahācelakasa³

(16) nipoli⁴

(17) hatthivārī⁵

Bibliography

First edited by Ramachandra_Murthy1999; improved edition in Falka. Re-edited here from our own photographs.

Secondary

No name. 1887–. Annual report on Indian epigraphy. Madras; Calcutta; New Delhi: Government of Madras; Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1997–98: no. A.1.

No name. N.d. Indian Archaeology: a review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1997–98: 206 (4).

Raghunath2001

Notes

1. Falka relates this word to abhitrāṇa, and proposes to interpret it as “preservation worker”.
2. The reading tī is secure, although Falka contemplates reading khī. Since alternation of spellings c/s is not unknown in South India, we are inclined to agree with Ramachandra_Murthy1999 that we should understand mahācetīye, a term commonly occurring in the Nagarjunakonda inscriptions.
3. This epithet may be interpreted as either pointing to a prominent standard-bearer (PD, s.v. celaka), as Falka did, or as a religious figure, since P./BSkt. cellaka (also BSkt. cailaka) occurs in Buddhist texts, where it qualifies either novices or monks. Cf. BHSD, s.v. celaka; PD, s.v. celaka; Oguibénine2005. Hence, Ramachandra_Murthy1999 translates this compound as “chief mendicant”. We tentatively favor the second interpretation.
4. We tentatively assume that this hapax legomenon is an abbreviation for a MIA expression equivalent to Sanskrit nibandhapustake likhitavyam (cf. Arthaśāstra 2.7.1–2 nibandha-pustaka).
5. Cf. MW, s.v. vāri: “a place for tying or catching an elephant”. The Sanskrit equivalent hastivārī is also found in EIAD 188, l. 20.

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<!--Last xsl transformation: 2017-03-29T17:32:11.51+02:00

Data source: 'iksvaku-inscriptions/metadata/EIAD-inventory.xlsx'

- - - - - - - - -

[1] Inventory no. EIAD: 55

[2] Raghunath no.: 37A

[3] Srinivasan & Sankaranarayanan no.: —

[4] Tsukamoto no.: —

[5] Lüders no.:

[6] Support : 5 copper plates

[7] (Faces:) Lines: 25

[8] H: 7

[9] W: 22-23

[10] D:

[11] H:

[12] W:

[13] Language(s): MIA

[14] Original locality: Patagandigudem hamlet, Kalla Cheruvu village, Kamavarputoka mandal, West Godavari District

[15] Present locality: TSM 98-15

[16] Primary bibliography: Ramachandra Murthy 1999. — Falk 1999-2000.

[17] Secondary bibliography: ARIE 1997-98: A.1. — IAR 1997-98: 206 (4). — Raghunath 2001: 152-3 (37A).

[18] Visual documentation: ARIE 1997-98: pl. I

[19] Substance of inscription: gift of two pieces of land

[20] Remarks:

[21] :

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<text xml:space="preserve"><body><div type="edition"><ab xml:lang="san-Latn"><pb n="1b"/><lb n="1"/>siddham· <g>||</g>namo bhagavatos sarvvajñāyā <g>||</g></ab><ab xml:lang="pra-Latn">vijayakkhaṁ<lb n="2" break="no"/>dhāvārā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>dhaṁṇakaḍāto <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>māhārājā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°asamedha<lb n="3" break="no"/>yāji°akkhayahiraṁṇakoḍippadāyiḥ °ikkhākūṇaṁ <pb n="2a"/><lb n="4"/>raṁño sirī°ehavalacāntamūlavaṁmmā °aṇavetī <lb n="5"/>°ettha pithuṁḍe <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>sābhittāṇehi <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahāvihārasa °ava<lb n="6" break="no"/>raddāre <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>cātusāle °amhehi kāritaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°etassa ya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>khaṇḍa<pb n="2b"/><lb n="7" break="no"/>pullasaṇṭhappasa cātusāle <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°āgaṁtukavatthavvāṇa pavva<lb n="8" break="no"/>yitāṇaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>vissāmaṇatthaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>rañ<unclear>o</unclear> °ehalavatthamāṇavattha<lb n="9" break="no"/>vehi <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>pavvayitehi avaraddāraseliyehi <space quantity="1" unit="character"/><pb n="3a"/><lb n="10"/>°aryyayakkhapamuhehi °aṇuṭṭhiya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>sāsanaṁ <lb n="11"/>kāritaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°akkhayanivviṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>kātūṇaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>raño °appaṇo <lb n="12"/>puṇṇappāyaṇāyubalavaddhaṇatṭhaṁ °ayandatāraka<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <pb n="3b"/><lb n="13"/>kātūṇa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>pithuṇḍe <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahāvihārasa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>nagarassa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°uttaradi<lb n="14" break="no"/>sāye <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahāsetīye <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahācelakasa °eṭṭhassa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>k<unclear>ū</unclear>la<lb n="15" break="no"/>tthapaddaggāmapatthe <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>halaṁkkhettasa niyattāṇā bat<unclear>t</unclear>ī<supplied reason="lost">sa</supplied> <pb n="4a"/><lb n="16"/><num value="32"><num value="30">30</num><num value="2">2</num></num>nidejaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>nipoli <g>||</g>pithuṇḍassa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°uttaradisāye va <lb n="17"/>hatthivārī <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>pachimadisāye <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>pupphakalase ha<lb n="18" break="no"/>laṁkkhettasa niyattaṇacatusaṭṭhi <num value="64"><num value="60">60</num><num value="4">4</num></num><space quantity="1" unit="character"/>nidejaṁ nippoli <pb n="4b"/><lb n="19"/>°avaraddārī <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>cātusālassa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>halo bhikhubhogaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>kātūṇa <lb n="20"/>samyadattaṁ °āṇattī <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahātalavara °aggasūro <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>saṁvacharaṁ <lb n="21"/>himā <num value="4">4</num>divasaṁ <num value="3">3</num>jeca <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°ettakā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>rājāṇo <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>raja<lb n="22" break="no"/>mattā <pb n="5a"/>vā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>talavaramahātalavarā vā jo <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°etassa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>halaṁbhi<supplied reason="omitted">kkhu</supplied><lb n="23" break="no"/>bhogassa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>rāgeṇa kodhena vā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>lobheṇa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>moheṇa vā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/><lb n="24"/>harati harāveti vā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>haraṁntaṁ vā °aṇuvattati so <space quantity="1" unit="character"/><pb n="5b"/><lb n="25"/><unclear>paṁ</unclear>ca<unclear>ma</unclear>ha<unclear>pāta</unclear>k<unclear>e</unclear>ṇa sa<unclear>ṁy</unclear>ujyatītt<unclear>i</unclear> </ab></div><div type="apparatus"><p></p><listApp><app loc="1"><lem>bhagavatos</lem><note>Understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">bhagavatas</foreign> or <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">bhagavate</foreign>. Cf. same form in EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00054.xml">54</ref>.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>sarvva-</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">sarva-</rdg></app><app loc="3"><lem>hiraṁṇakoḍi-</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">hiraṇakoḍi-</rdg></app><app loc="4"><lem>raṁño</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">rāñāṁ</rdg></app><app loc="5"><lem>cātusāle</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">cātusālaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="8"><lem>vissāmaṇatthaṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">vissamaṇatthaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="10"><lem>sāsanaṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">sāsaṇa</rdg></app><app loc="12"><lem>°ayandatāraka<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">°ayandatārakaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="14-15"><lem>k<unclear>ū</unclear>latthapaddaggāmapatthe</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">kulatthapaṭṭaggāmapanthe</rdg></app><app loc="15"><lem>bat<unclear>t</unclear>ī<supplied reason="lost">sa</supplied></lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">batī<unclear>sa</unclear></rdg></app><app loc="16"><lem>nidejaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/> nipoli</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">ti dejaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/> ti poli</rdg></app><app loc="17"><lem>puppha-</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">puppa-</rdg><note>Cf. <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">puppa-</foreign> in <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00053.xml">EIAD 53</ref>, l. 1. But it seems possible to read <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">puppha-</foreign> here.</note></app><app loc="18"><lem>nidejaṁ nippoli</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">ti dejaṁ ti ppoli</rdg></app><app loc="21"><lem>raja-</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">rāj<unclear>ā</unclear>-</rdg></app><app loc="22-23"><lem source="bib:Falka">halaṁbhi<supplied reason="omitted">kkhu</supplied>bhogassa</lem><note>The restoration of akṣara <foreign>kkhu</foreign> is imposed by <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">halo bhikhubhogaṁ</foreign> in l. 19.</note></app><app loc="24"><lem>harāveti</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">hārāveti</rdg></app><app loc="24"><lem>haraṁntaṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka">haraṁttaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="25"><lem><unclear>paṁ</unclear>ca<unclear>ma</unclear>ha<unclear>pāta</unclear>k<unclear>e</unclear>ṇa</lem><rdg source="bib:Falka"><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> mahāpātareṇa</rdg></app><app loc="25"><lem>sa<unclear>ṁy</unclear>ujyatītt<unclear>i</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Falka"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ujjati ti</rdg><note>The last akṣara might also be read <foreign>ttī</foreign>. We in fact expect <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">ti</foreign>.</note></app></listApp></div><div type="translation"><p n="1"> Success! Homage to the Bhagavant, the Omniscient One!</p><p n="1–4"> From the victorious royal headquarters, from Dhaṇṇakaḍā (Dhānyakaṭaka), the King Siri-Ehavalacāntamūlavamma of the Ikṣvākus, Great King, sacrificer of the Aśvamedha, giver of unperishing tens of millions of (pieces of) gold, gives (the following) order: </p><p n="5–11"> “Here in Pithuṇḍa we caused to be made by <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">sābhittāna</foreign>s (?) a quadrangular compound at the western gate of the Great Monastery. For its repair of broken and shattered (parts), for the repose of renunciants who (will) arrive and who (presently) reside in the quadrangular compound, the (following) royal order was issued, to be carried out (<foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">anuṣṭheya</foreign> ?) by the Avaraddāraseliya renunciants residing in the plot of King Eha[va]la, headed by Aryayakkha (Āryayakṣa):

</p><p n="11–20"> ‘Having made a permanent endowment, having made (it permanent) as long as moon and stars, in order to expand the king’s own merit and to increase his lifespan and power, to the Great Monastery in Pithuṇḍa 32 <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">nivartana</foreign>s of plowable land are to be given (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">nideya</foreign>) (and) registered (?), in the northern direction of the town, at the Great Shrine of the <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">mahācelaka</foreign> Eṭṭha, on the road (leading to) the village Kulatthapadda. North of Pithuṇḍa, west of the elephant grove, in Pupphakalasa, sixty-four — 64 — <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">nivartana</foreign>s of plowable land are to be given (and) registered (?). Having made (this) plowable land (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">hala</foreign>) the revenue of the monks of the quadrangular compound at the western gate, the gift is completed (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">samyagdattam</foreign>).’</p><p n="20–25">The executor is the Great Talavara Aggasūra (Agraśūra). In the year, in the 4th (fortnight) of winter, on the 3rd day. Who (among) the local kings and king’s officers, or Talavaras and Great Talavaras, out of passion, anger, greed or delusion, takes away or causes to be taken away plowable land from this monks’ revenue, or accepts one who takes away, is endowed with the five great sins.” </p></div><div type="commentary"><p n="5"><term>sābhittāṇehi</term><note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Falka"/>: <citedRange>276</citedRange></bibl> relates this word to <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">abhitrāṇa</foreign>, and proposes to interpret it as “preservation worker”.</note></p><p n="14"><term>mahāsetīye</term><note> The reading <foreign>tī</foreign> is secure, although <bibl><ptr target="bib:Falka"/>: <citedRange>279</citedRange></bibl> contemplates reading <foreign>khī</foreign>. Since alternation of spellings <foreign>c</foreign>/<foreign>s</foreign> is not unknown in South India, we are inclined to agree with <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramachandra_Murthy1999"/>: <citedRange>114</citedRange></bibl> that we should understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">mahācetīye</foreign>, a term commonly occurring in the Nagarjunakonda inscriptions.</note></p><p n="14"><term>mahācelakasa</term><note> This epithet may be interpreted as either pointing to a prominent standard-bearer (PD, s.v. <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">celaka</foreign>), as <bibl><ptr target="bib:Falka"/>: <citedRange>279</citedRange></bibl> did, or as a religious figure, since P./BSkt. <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">cellaka</foreign> (also BSkt. <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">cailaka</foreign>) occurs in Buddhist texts, where it qualifies either novices or monks. Cf. BHSD, s.v. <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">celaka</foreign>; PD, s.v. <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">celaka</foreign>; <bibl><ptr target="bib:Oguibénine2005"/>: <citedRange>48</citedRange></bibl>. Hence, <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramachandra_Murthy1999"/>: <citedRange>114</citedRange></bibl> translates this compound as “chief mendicant”. We tentatively favor the second interpretation.</note></p><p n="16"><term>nipoli</term><note>We tentatively assume that this hapax legomenon is an abbreviation for a MIA expression equivalent to Sanskrit <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">nibandhapustake likhitavyam</foreign> (cf. Arthaśāstra 2.7.1–2 <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">nibandha-pustaka</foreign>).</note></p><p n="17"><term>hatthivārī</term><note>Cf. MW, s.v. <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">vāri</foreign>: “a place for tying or catching an elephant”. The Sanskrit equivalent <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">hastivārī</foreign> is also found in <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00188.xml">EIAD 188</ref>, l. 20.</note></p></div><div type="bibliography"><p>First edited by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramachandra_Murthy1999"/></bibl>; improved edition in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Falka"/></bibl>. Re-edited here from our own photographs.</p><listBibl type="primary"><bibl/></listBibl><listBibl type="secondary"><bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE"/><citedRange>1997-98: no. A.1</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:IAR"/><citedRange>1997-98: 206 (4)</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Raghunath2001"/>: <citedRange>152-3 (no. 37A)</citedRange></bibl></listBibl></div></body></text>

</TEI>