Octagonal pillar from site 34 at Nagarjunakonda — reign of Siri-Ehavalacāntamūla, year 16

Editors: Anonymous editor.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSEIAD00053.

Hand description:

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-08-20 18:06 (9fa90aa), last modified 2023-05-15 17:43 (35386f0).

Part Main

⟨1⟩ siddhaṁ <symbol><symbol>namo bhagavate mahādevasya puppabhaddrasvāminaḥ mahārājasya vāsiṣṭhīputtrasya ⟨2⟩ śryehavalacaṁtamūlasya saṁva 106gipa 2diva 5rājño vāsiṣṭhīputrasya °agniṣṭo{ḥ}ma⟨3⟩vājaveyāśvamedhabahusuvarṇṇakayājinaḥ naikahiraṁṇyakoṭipradātuḥ gośatasahasrahalaśatasahasrapradātu ⟨4⟩ svavīryyārjjitavijayakīrtteḥ °ikṣvākūṇāṁ śrīcaṁtamūlasya prapautrenā mahārājyasya māṭharīputtrasya °ikṣvākūnāṁ śrīvīrapuruṣadattasya ⟨5⟩ pauttreṇa mahārājasya sagaradilīpāṁbarīṣayudhiṣṭhiratulyadharmmavijayasya rāmasyeva sarvvajanābhirāmasya °ikṣvākūnāṁ ⟨6⟩ śryīhavalacaṁtamūlasya puttreṇa puṣyakaṁdīyānāṁ mahātalavarasya skaṁdagopasya naptryāḥ mahātalavarasya ⟨7⟩ khaṁdahālasya duhituḥ sesebamāgūrakadauhitryāḥ °utaramahātalavarabhāgineyyāḥ rājñaḥ śryehavalacatam(ū)lasya ⟨8⟩ mahiṣyāḥ mahādevyāḥ kupaṇaśryāḥ puttreṇa maharājakumāreṇa mahāsenāpatinā hāritīputreṇa °ikṣvākūṇāṁ ⟨9⟩ śrīvīrapuruṣadattena mahārājasya mahādevyā gottrasya ca [v]ijayavaijayike °āyurvvarddhane dvayor api ca mātāputrayo ⟨10⟩ dharmmaphalaṁ bhagavato puṣpabhadrasvāminaḥ devakulaṁ kāritaṁ dhvajastaṁbaś ca pratiṣṭhāpitaḥ grāmaś ca puḍokeḍaṁ °akṣayanivī ⟨11⟩ dattaḥ

Part Addition

śrīkākahalakākacaṁdraś ca bho <flourish>

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ puppa- • The engraver forgot to engrave the horizontal line in the middle of the upper element, that would have made it ṣ-. In light of l. 10, correct puṣpa-.

⟨3⟩ pradātu ⬦ pradātu(ḥ) Sircard • Understand pradātuḥ.

⟨4⟩ -kīrtteḥ • e-mātras are attached both to repha and to serif of t. — ⟨4⟩ prapautrenā • Understand prapautreṇa, taking into consideration the easy confusion between nā and ṇa. — ⟨4⟩ mahārājyasya • Emend mahārājasya. — ⟨4⟩ °ikṣvākūnāṁ • Emend °ikṣvākūṇāṁ.

⟨5⟩ °ikṣvākūnāṁ • Emend °ikṣvākūṇāṁ.

⟨6⟩ śryīhavala- • Emend śryehavala-.

⟨7⟩ -catamūlasya • Correct -caṁtamūlasya. We do not see the anusvāra read by Sircard. — ⟨7⟩ -gūraka- ⬦ -gūruka- Sircard • The apparent stroke to the right, upon closer inspection, is an unevenness in the stone.

⟨8⟩ kupaṇaśryāḥ • Understand kr̥paṇaśriyāḥ.

⟨9⟩ mātāputrayo • Emend mātāpitrayoḥ.

⟨10⟩ -staṁbaś • Emend -staṁbhaś. — ⟨10⟩ °akṣayanivī • Emend °akṣayanīvī.

⟨11⟩ śrīkākahalakākacaṁdraś ca bho <flourish> ⬦ kaṁkaphala kaṁkacaṁdraś ca bho Sircard • Sircard note on this segment: “The contraction bho seems to stand for a word like bhogikau or bhojakau. The first part of the two personal names may possibly be kāka also. The form of the akshara read pha in the first name is not regular for the period and may be also regarded as an irregularly shaped pā.” The final flourish consists of three dots arranged in a circle.

Translation

(1–2) Success! Homage to the Bhagavant, the Mahādeva Puṣpabhadrasvāmin. In year 16 of Great King Vāsiṣṭhīputra Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla, in the 2nd fortnight of summer, on the 5th day.

(2–11) The Great Crown-Prince, Great General Hāritīputra Śrī-Vīrapuruṣadatta of the Ikṣvākus — great-grandson of the king Vāsiṣṭhīputra Śrī-Cāntamūla of the Ikṣvākus, sacrificer of Agniṣṭomas, Vājapeyas, Aśvamedhas and Bahusuvarṇakas, giver of many tens of millions of (pieces of) gold, giver of hundreds of thousands of cows and hundreds of thousands of plows (of land), who obtained the fame of victory by his heroism (vīrya); grandson of Great King Māṭharīputra Śrī-Vīrapuruṣadatta of the Ikṣvākus; son of Great King Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla of the Ikṣvākus, whose victories of Dharma resemble (those of) Sagara, Dilīpa, Ambarīṣa and Yudhiṣṭhira, who delights all people like Rāma; son of Queen Kr̥paṇaśrī, granddaughter of the Great Talavara Skandagopa of the Puṣyakandīyas, daughter of the Great Talavara Khandahāla, maternal granddaughter of Sesebamāguraka, maternal niece of the Great Talavara Utara, chief queen of King Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla — caused to be made (this) temple (devakula) of the Bhagavant Puṣpabhadrasvāmin, established a flagstaff and gave as perpetual endowment (akṣayanīvī) the village Puḍokeḍaṁ, for the conferring of victory after victory and for the increase of the lifespan of the Great King, (his) Queen and (his) gotra and as meritorious fruit for both mother and son (i.e. Vīrapuruṣadatta himself).

(11) Śrī-Kākapāla and Kākacandra (are) the (two) bho (?).

Commentary

(3) bahusuvarṇṇaka¹

(6) puṣyakandīya²

(7) rājñaḥ śryehavalacatam(ū)lasya³

(10) dhvajastambha⁴

Bibliography

First described and edited by Sircard. Re-edited here from the available documentation and after autopsy of the stone.

Secondary

No name. N.d. Indian Archaeology: a review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1956–57: 36.

No name. 1887–. Annual report on Indian epigraphy. Madras; Calcutta; New Delhi: Government of Madras; Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1957–58: 3–4, no. B.4.

Srinivasan1979a

Raghunath2001

Soundara_Rajan2006

Notes

1. On this term, see Chhabra1947.
2. This seems to be a Sanskritization of the ethnonym Pūkīya/Pūkiya found in several Nagarjunakonda inscriptions: see our commentary on EIAD 4.
3. It is perhaps merely an inadvertence on the part of scribe or engraver that the monarch is here designated as rājan and not as mahārāja, as he was above.
4. Sircar1966 translates this word as “flagstaff”, which is perhaps a bit misleading. As is clear from the occurrence of the same word on another pillar inscription of ancient India (the Eran pillar inscription of the time of Budhagupta), the word designates the stone pillar on which it is engraved. Cf. also the use of dhvaja in pillar inscriptions EIAD 84 and 104, both composed in Sanskrit like the present one.

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- - - - - - - - -

[1] Inventory no. EIAD: 53

[2] Raghunath no.: 36

[3] Srinivasan & Sankaranarayanan no.: 44

[4] Tsukamoto no.: —

[5] Lüders no.:

[6] Support : octagonal pillar (dhvajastambha), bottom part

[7] (Faces:) Lines: 11

[8] H: 325

[9] W: 40

[10] D: 38

[11] H: 88

[12] W: 67

[13] Language(s): Sanskrit

[14] Original locality: Nagarjunakonda Site-34, Puṣpabhadrasvāmin temple

[15] Present locality: NM 77

[16] Primary bibliography: Sircar & Krishnan 1960-61: 17-20.

[17] Secondary bibliography: ARIE 1957-58: 3-4, B.4. — Raghunath 2001: 148-9 (36).

[18] Visual documentation: Sircar & Krishnan; Raghunath

[19] Substance of inscription:

[20] Remarks: text extends over 4 facets of 8; the pillar is not four-faced, as stated in publication, and what was published as l. 12 actually stands on same line as 11, after large gap.

[21] :

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<text xml:space="preserve"><body><div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn"><div type="textpart" n="Main"><ab><lb n="1"/>siddhaṁ <g>||</g><g>–</g>namo bhagavate <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahādevasya puppabhaddrasvāminaḥ mahārājasya vāsiṣṭhīputtrasya <lb n="2"/>śryehavalacaṁtamūlasya saṁva <num value="16"><num value="10">10</num><num value="6">6</num></num>gipa <num value="2">2</num>diva <num value="5">5</num>rājño vāsiṣṭhīputrasya °agniṣṭo<surplus>ḥ</surplus>ma<lb break="no" n="3"/>vājaveyāśvamedhabahusuvarṇṇakayājinaḥ naikahiraṁṇyakoṭipradātuḥ gośatasahasrahalaśatasahasrapradātu <lb n="4"/>svavīryyārjjitavijayakīrtteḥ °ikṣvākūṇāṁ śrīcaṁtamūlasya prapautrenā mahārājyasya māṭharīputtrasya °ikṣvākūnāṁ śrīvīrapuruṣadattasya <lb n="5"/>pauttreṇa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahārājasya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>sagaradilīpāṁbarīṣayudhiṣṭhiratulyadharmmavijayasya rāmasyeva sarvvajanābhirāmasya °ikṣvākūnāṁ <lb n="6"/>śryīhavalacaṁtamūlasya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>puttreṇa puṣyakaṁdīyānāṁ mahātalavarasya skaṁdagopasya naptryāḥ mahātalavarasya <lb n="7"/>khaṁdahālasya duhituḥ sesebamāgūrakadauhitryāḥ °utaramahātalavarabhāgineyyāḥ rājñaḥ śryehavalacatam<unclear>ū</unclear>lasya <lb n="8"/>mahiṣyāḥ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahādevyāḥ kupaṇaśryāḥ puttreṇa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>maharājakumāreṇa mahāsenāpatinā hāritīputreṇa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°ikṣvākūṇāṁ <lb n="9"/>śrīvīrapuruṣadattena mahārājasya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>mahādevyā gottrasya ca <supplied reason="lost">v</supplied>ijayavaijayike °āyurvvarddhane <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>dvayor api ca mātāputrayo <lb n="10"/>dharmmaphalaṁ bhagavato puṣpabhadrasvāminaḥ devakulaṁ kāritaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>dhvajastaṁbaś ca pratiṣṭhāpitaḥ grāmaś ca puḍokeḍaṁ °akṣayanivī <lb n="11"/>dattaḥ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/></ab></div><div type="textpart" n="Addition"><ab xml:lang="san-Latn"><!--<space type="horizontal" quantity="1" unit="character"/>

<space type="horizontal" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>-->śrīkākahalakākacaṁdraś ca bho <g type="flourish"/></ab></div></div><div type="apparatus"><listApp><app loc="1"><lem>puppa-</lem><note>The engraver forgot to engrave the horizontal line in the middle of

the upper element, that would have made it <foreign>ṣ</foreign>-. In light of l. 10, correct <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">puṣpa</foreign>-.</note></app><app loc="2"><note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircard"/></bibl> note: <quote>The additional mark above

the letter [E in Ehavala]

may be ignored or the vowel-mark may be regarded as an imperfect

sign for medial <hi rend="italic">ai</hi>.</quote></note></app><app loc="3"><lem>pradātu</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircard">pradātu<unclear>ḥ</unclear></rdg><note>Understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">pradātuḥ</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="4"><lem>-kīrtteḥ</lem><note>e-mātras are attached both to repha and to serif of <foreign>t</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="4"><lem>prapautrenā</lem><note>Understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">prapautreṇa</foreign>, taking

into consideration the easy confusion between <foreign>nā</foreign> and <foreign>ṇa</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="4"><lem>mahārājyasya</lem><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">mahārājasya</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="4"><lem>°ikṣvākūnāṁ</lem><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">°ikṣvākūṇāṁ</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="5"><lem>°ikṣvākūnāṁ</lem><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">°ikṣvākūṇāṁ</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="6"><lem>śryīhavala-</lem><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">śryehavala-</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="7"><lem>-catamūlasya</lem><note>Correct <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">-caṁtamūlasya</foreign>. We do

not see the anusvāra read by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircard"/></bibl>.</note></app><app loc="7"><lem>-gūraka-</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircard">-gūruka-</rdg><note>The apparent stroke to the right, upon closer inspection, is an

unevenness in the stone.</note></app><app loc="8"><lem>kupaṇaśryāḥ</lem><note>Understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">kr̥paṇaśriyāḥ.</foreign></note></app><app loc="9"><lem>mātāputrayo</lem><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">mātāpitrayoḥ</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="10"><lem>-staṁbaś</lem><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">-staṁbhaś.</foreign></note></app><app loc="10"><lem>°akṣayanivī</lem><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">°akṣayanīvī</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="11"><lem>śrīkākahalakākacaṁdraś ca bho <g type="flourish"/></lem><rdg source="bib:Sircard">kaṁkaphala kaṁkacaṁdraś ca bho</rdg><note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircard"/></bibl> note on this segment: <quote>The

contraction <hi rend="italic">bho</hi> seems to stand for a word

like <hi rend="italic">bhogikau</hi> or <hi rend="italic">bhojakau</hi>. The first part of the two personal names may

possibly be <hi rend="italic">kāka</hi> also. The form of the <hi rend="italic">akshara</hi> read <hi rend="italic">pha</hi> in

the first name is not regular for the period and may be also

regarded as an irregularly shaped <hi rend="italic">pā</hi>.</quote>

The final flourish consists of three dots arranged in a circle.</note></app></listApp></div><div type="translation"><p n="1–2"> Success! Homage to the Bhagavant, the Mahādeva Puṣpabhadrasvāmin. In year 16 of

Great King Vāsiṣṭhīputra Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla, in the 2nd fortnight of summer,

on the 5th day. </p><p n="2–11"> The Great Crown-Prince, Great General Hāritīputra

Śrī-Vīrapuruṣadatta of the Ikṣvākus — great-grandson of the king Vāsiṣṭhīputra

Śrī-Cāntamūla of the Ikṣvākus, sacrificer of Agniṣṭomas, Vājapeyas, Aśvamedhas

and Bahusuvarṇakas, giver of many tens of millions of (pieces of) gold,

giver of hundreds of thousands of cows and hundreds of thousands of plows (of

land), who obtained the fame of victory by his heroism (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">vīrya</foreign>); grandson of Great King Māṭharīputra

Śrī-Vīrapuruṣadatta of the Ikṣvākus; son of Great King Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla of

the Ikṣvākus, whose victories of Dharma resemble (those of) Sagara, Dilīpa,

Ambarīṣa and Yudhiṣṭhira, who delights all people like Rāma; son of Queen

Kr̥paṇaśrī, granddaughter of the Great Talavara Skandagopa of the

Puṣyakandīyas, daughter of the Great Talavara Khandahāla, maternal

granddaughter of Sesebamāguraka, maternal niece of the Great Talavara Utara,

chief queen of King Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla — caused to be made (this) temple (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">devakula</foreign>) of the Bhagavant Puṣpabhadrasvāmin, established a

flagstaff and gave as perpetual endowment (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">akṣayanīvī</foreign>) the village Puḍokeḍaṁ, for the conferring of victory

after victory and for the increase of the lifespan of the Great King, (his) Queen

and (his) <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">gotra</foreign> and as meritorious fruit<!--VT: formerly as <foreign

xml:lang="san-Latn">dharma</foreign> fruit, which does not mean much. I take dharma as merit, quite common according to Hara--> for both mother and son (i.e. Vīrapuruṣadatta himself).</p><p n="11">Śrī-Kākapāla and Kākacandra

(are) the (two) <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">bho</foreign> (?).</p></div><div type="commentary"><p n="3"><term>bahusuvarṇṇaka</term><note>On this term, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Chhabra1947"/>: <citedRange>82</citedRange></bibl>.</note></p><p n="6"><term>puṣyakandīya</term><note>This seems to be a Sanskritization of the ethnonym Pūkīya/Pūkiya found in several Nagarjunakonda inscriptions: see our commentary on EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00004.xml">4</ref>.</note></p><p n="7"><term>rājñaḥ śryehavalacatam<unclear>ū</unclear>lasya</term><note>It is perhaps merely an inadvertence on the part of scribe or engraver that the monarch is here designated as <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">rājan</foreign> and not as <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">mahārāja</foreign>, as he was above.</note></p><p n="10"><term>dhvajastambha</term><note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966"/>, <citedRange>s.v.</citedRange></bibl> translates this word as <quote>flagstaff</quote>, which is perhaps a bit misleading. As is clear from the occurrence of the same word on another pillar inscription of ancient India (the Eran pillar inscription of the time of Budhagupta), the word designates the stone pillar on which it is engraved. Cf. also the use of <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">dhvaja</foreign> in pillar inscriptions EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00084.xml">84</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00104.xml">104</ref>, both composed in Sanskrit like the present one.</note></p></div><div type="bibliography"><p>First described and edited by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircard"/>: <citedRange>17-20</citedRange></bibl>. Re-edited here from the available documentation and after autopsy of the

stone.</p><listBibl type="primary"><bibl/></listBibl><listBibl type="secondary"><bibl><ptr target="bib:IAR"/><citedRange>1956-57: 36</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE"/><citedRange>1957-58: 3-4, no. B.4</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Srinivasan1979a"/>: <citedRange>no. 44</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Raghunath2001"/>: <citedRange>148-9 (no.

36)</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Soundara_Rajan2006"/>: <citedRange>228</citedRange></bibl></listBibl></div></body></text>

</TEI>