Sculpted stone panel from site 106 at Nagarjunakonda — reign of Siri-Ehavalacāntamūla, year 24

Editors: Anonymous editor.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSEIAD00054.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-08-20 18:06 (9fa90aa), last modified 2023-05-15 17:43 (35386f0).

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⟨1⟩ <symbol>siddham· (<symbol>)mahārājasya °ikṣvākūnāṁ śrī°ehavalacantamūlasya sanvatsaraṁ caturvvīśaṁ varṣapakṣaṁ catur(t)thaṁ (d)ivasaṁ pañca(maṁ) śrī(pa)[rva](t)[e] vij(aya)pūryyāṁ (mahā)devī(par)iveṇe (°iru)[2×](kula)prasū(ta)s(ya) b(ama)kīyā(ṇ)āṁ °i(śvarada)ttasya putreṇa syandakaparvvataśreṣṭhinā ku(mā)ranandinā (s)aha bharyyāya śreṣṭhinīya putreṇa ca °iśvarabharttinā śeṣeṇa ca svajanasambandhivarggeṇa °iyaṁ bha(ga)vatoḥ sar(v)vasa(t)v(o)tta(mas)ya sarvvaguṇapāramiprāptasya saṁmyaksambuddhasya buddha(s)ya śailamayī pratimā pratiṣṭhāpit(ā) °ātmaṇaḥ sarvvasatvānāñ ca hita(su)khārtthaṁ <symbol>bhavati cātra (ś)loko <symbol>

I. Anuṣṭubh

[de](ya)dharmmam idaṅ kr̥tv(ā)

yat pu(ṇ)yaṁ samupārjjitaṁ

te(na) puṇyeṇa loko yaṁ

nir(vv)āṇam adhigacchatu <symbol>

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ °ikṣvākūnāṁ • Understand °ikṣvākūṇāṁ with Sircara. — ⟨1⟩ sanvatsaraṁ ⬦ samvatsaraṁ Sircara • Sircar emends saṁvatsaraṁ. — ⟨1⟩ śrī(pa)[rva](t)[e] ⬦ śrī(parvvate) Sircara. — ⟨1⟩ (°iru)[2×]- ⬦ °iru(sakā(?))nāṁ Sircara • The second akṣara could also be read ra. — ⟨1⟩ b(ama)kīyā(ṇ)āṁ ⬦ ba(raṇa?)kīyānāṁ Sircara. — ⟨1⟩ °i(śvarada)ttasya Sircara • Sircar suggests emending °īśvara-. The form as it stands might however be explained as a residual shortening of vowel before consonantal cluster, according to the Middle Indo-Aryan law of morae. — ⟨1⟩ śreṣṭhinīya • There is a superfluous stroke to the right of the subscript r in śre. — ⟨1⟩ °īśvarabharttinā ⬦ °iśvarabharttinā Sircara • Sircar suggests (n. 2) to read either īśvarabhartrā or īśvarabhaṭṭinā (in which case, we would be dealing with hypersanskritisation). — ⟨1⟩ bha(ga)vatoḥ • Understand bha(ga)vataḥ. Cf. same form in EIAD 55, l. 1. — ⟨1⟩ sar(v)vasa(t)v(o)tta(mas)ya ⬦ sartvasatv(o)tta(masya) Sircara • Sircar emends sarvvasattvottamasya. — ⟨1⟩ saṁmyaksambuddhasya ⬦ samyaksambuddhasya Sircara. — ⟨1⟩ hita(su)khārtthaṁ <symbol> ⬦ hita(su)khārtthaṁ Sircara • Not representing the punctuation sign in his unemended reading, Sircar indicates -rttham || as normalized text. — ⟨1⟩ (ś)loko ⬦ ślokā Sircara • Sircar suggests emending ślokaḥ. — ⟨1⟩ samupārjjitaṁ ⬦ samupārjjitaṁ | Sircara • Sircar wrongly takes an irrgularity in the stone as a punctuation sign. — ⟨1⟩ puṇyeṇa • Understand puṇyena, as suggested by Sircar. — ⟨1⟩ adhigacchatu <symbol> ⬦ adhigacchatu <symbol> Sircara • Sircar wrongly sees here two slanting strokes instead of one.

Translation

Success! In the twenty-fourth year of Great King Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla of the Ikṣvākus, in the fourth fortnight of the rainy season, on the fifth day.

In Śrīparvata, in Vijayapurī, in the monk’s cell (pariveṇa) of the Great Queen, Kumāranandin — guild’s chief (śreṣṭhin) from Syandakaparvata, son of Īśvarabhatta of the Bamakīyas, who originates from the °Iru...-family — together with (his) wife, the guild’s-chief-wife, and (his) son Īśvarabharttin and the remaining group of his kinsmen and relatives established this stone image of the Bhagavant, the foremost of all beings, who has perfected all qualities, the Complete Perfect Buddha, the Buddha, for the well‐being and happiness of himself and all beings.

And on this there is a stanza:

I

By the merit accumulated having made this pious gift, may this world attain nirvāṇa.

Commentary

The verse quoted at the end of this inscription contains vocabulary that is typical of verse formulae assigning the reward of a given meritorious activity: pāda b, for instance, is identical to pāda b of the final stanza of a Mūlasarvāstivādin Prātimokṣasūtra (ed. Schmidt1989), st. 18. Concerning its goal — the universal realisation of nirvāṇa — it may be compared to a Gupta-period pedestal inscription whose second stanza reads: phalam asmād dhi yat praptam [em. prāptam] ebhiḥ satkarmmakāribhiḥ | satvānām eva tac chāntyai syād eṣāṁ cāmr̥tapada[m |]. The whereabouts of this inscription, which Sircar deciphered on the basis of an inked impression apparently obtained from the British Museum (Journal of Ancient Indian History 2, p. 269), is unknown to us. For the discussion of an earlier example from Gandhāra, that may contain a transfer of merit for a similar goal, see Seyfort_Ruegg2005.

Bibliography

First described and edited by Sircara. Re-edited here from the published estampage, from our photographic documentation, and after autopsy of the stone.

Secondary

No name. N.d. Indian Archaeology: a review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1956–57: 36, pl. LVII.A.

No name. 1887–. Annual report on Indian epigraphy. Madras; Calcutta; New Delhi: Government of Madras; Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1956–57: no. B.28.

No name. 1887–. Annual report on Indian epigraphy. Madras; Calcutta; New Delhi: Government of Madras; Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 1959–60: no. B.101.

Srinivasan1979a

Rosen_Stone1994

Tsukamoto1996

Raghunath2001

Soundara_Rajan2006

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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Data source: 'iksvaku-inscriptions/metadata/EIAD-inventory.xlsx'

- - - - - - - - -

[1] Inventory no. EIAD: 54

[2] Raghunath no.: 37

[3] Srinivasan & Sankaranarayanan no.: 45

[4] Tsukamoto no.: Naga 55

[5] Lüders no.:

[6] Support : frieze

[7] (Faces:) Lines: 1

[8] H: 252

[9] W: 50

[10] D: 17

[11] H: 241

[12] W: 3.5

[13] Language(s): Sanskrit

[14] Original locality: Nagarjunakonda Site-106, Kumāranandivihāra

[15] Present locality: NM 13

[16] Primary bibliography: Sircar 1963-64a: 11-3 (4).

[17] Secondary bibliography: IAR 1956-57: 36, pl. LVII.A. — ARIE 1955-56: B.28, 1959-60: B.101. — Rosen Stone 1994: 58-61, ills. 126-36. — Raghunath 2001: 150-1 (37).

[18] Visual documentation: Sircar; Raghunath

[19] Substance of inscription: installation of the stone image of Buddha

[20] Remarks: According to ARIE 1956-57, "sculptured lintel lying in trenches C 4 and D 4 in Division 180 of Sector No. 2 (?)" (with question mark!); according to S&S, exact findspot is unknown.

[21] :

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<text xml:space="preserve"><body><div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn"><ab><lb n="1"/><g>–</g>siddham· <unclear><g>–</g></unclear>mahārājasya °ikṣvākūnāṁ śrī°ehavalacantamūlasya sanvatsaraṁ caturvvīśaṁ varṣapakṣaṁ catur<unclear>t</unclear>thaṁ <unclear>d</unclear>ivasaṁ pañca<unclear>maṁ</unclear> śrī<unclear>pa</unclear><supplied reason="lost">rva</supplied><unclear>t</unclear><supplied reason="lost">e</supplied> vij<unclear>aya</unclear>pūryyāṁ <unclear>mahā</unclear>devī<unclear>par</unclear>iveṇe <space quantity="1" unit="character"/><unclear>°iru</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/><unclear>kula</unclear>prasū<unclear>ta</unclear>s<unclear>ya</unclear> <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>b<unclear>ama</unclear>kīyā<unclear>ṇ</unclear>āṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°i<unclear>śvarada</unclear>ttasya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>putreṇa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>syandakaparvvataśreṣṭhinā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>ku<unclear>mā</unclear>ranandinā <unclear>s</unclear>aha bharyyāya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>śreṣṭhinīya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>putreṇa ca <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°iśvarabharttinā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>śeṣeṇa ca <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>svajanasambandhivarggeṇa <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°iyaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>bha<unclear>ga</unclear>vatoḥ sar<unclear>v</unclear>vasa<unclear>t</unclear>v<unclear>o</unclear>tta<unclear>mas</unclear>ya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>sarvvaguṇapāramiprāptasya saṁmyaksambuddhasya buddha<unclear>s</unclear>ya <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>śailamayī <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>pratimā <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>pratiṣṭhāpit<unclear>ā</unclear> <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>°ātmaṇaḥ sarvvasatvānāñ ca hita<unclear>su</unclear>khārtthaṁ <g>:</g>bhavati cātra <unclear>ś</unclear>loko <g>–</g><space quantity="1" unit="character"/></ab><lg met="Anuṣṭubh" n="1"><l n="a"><supplied reason="lost">de</supplied><unclear>ya</unclear>dharmmam idaṅ kr̥tv<unclear>ā</unclear> <space quantity="1" unit="character"/></l><l n="b">yat pu<unclear>ṇ</unclear>yaṁ samupārjjitaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/></l><l n="c">te<unclear>na</unclear> puṇyeṇa loko yaṁ <space quantity="1" unit="character"/></l><l n="d">nir<unclear>vv</unclear>āṇam adhigacchatu <g>–</g></l></lg></div><div type="apparatus"><listApp><app loc="1"><lem>°ikṣvākūnāṁ</lem><note>Understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">°ikṣvākūṇāṁ</foreign> with <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircara"/></bibl>.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>sanvatsaraṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">samvatsaraṁ</rdg><note>Sircar emends <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">saṁvatsaraṁ</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>śrī<unclear>pa</unclear><supplied reason="lost">rva</supplied><unclear>t</unclear><supplied reason="lost">e</supplied></lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">śrī<unclear>parvvate</unclear></rdg></app><app loc="1"><lem><unclear>°iru</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/>-</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">°iru<unclear>sakā(?)</unclear>nāṁ</rdg><note>The second akṣara could also be read <foreign>ra</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>b<unclear>ama</unclear>kīyā<unclear>ṇ</unclear>āṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">ba<unclear>raṇa?</unclear>kīyānāṁ</rdg></app><app loc="1"><lem source="bib:Sircara">°i<unclear>śvarada</unclear>ttasya</lem><note>Sircar suggests emending <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">°īśvara-</foreign>. The form

as it stands might however be explained as a

residual shortening of vowel before consonantal

cluster, according to the Middle Indo-Aryan law of morae.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>śreṣṭhinīya</lem><note>There is a superfluous stroke to the right of the

subscript <foreign>r</foreign> in <foreign>śre</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>°īśvarabharttinā</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">°iśvarabharttinā</rdg><note>Sircar suggests (n. 2) to read either <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">īśvarabhartrā</foreign> or

<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">īśvarabhaṭṭinā</foreign> (in which case, we

would be dealing with hypersanskritisation).</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>bha<unclear>ga</unclear>vatoḥ</lem><note>Understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">bha<unclear>ga</unclear>vataḥ</foreign>.

Cf. same form in EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00055.xml">55</ref>, l. 1.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>sar<unclear>v</unclear>vasa<unclear>t</unclear>v<unclear>o</unclear>tta<unclear>mas</unclear>ya</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">sartvasatv<unclear>o</unclear>tta<unclear>masya</unclear></rdg><note>Sircar emends <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">sarvvasattvottamasya</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>saṁmyaksambuddhasya</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">samyaksambuddhasya</rdg></app><app loc="1"><lem>hita<unclear>su</unclear>khārtthaṁ <g>:</g></lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">hita<unclear>su</unclear>khārtthaṁ</rdg><note>Not representing the punctuation sign in his

unemended reading, Sircar indicates <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">-rttham ||</foreign> as

normalized text.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem><unclear>ś</unclear>loko</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">ślokā</rdg><note>Sircar suggests emending <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">ślokaḥ</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>samupārjjitaṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">samupārjjitaṁ |</rdg><note>Sircar wrongly takes an irrgularity in the stone as

a punctuation sign.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>puṇyeṇa</lem><note>Understand <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">puṇyena</foreign>, as suggested by

Sircar.</note></app><app loc="1"><lem>adhigacchatu <g>–</g></lem><rdg source="bib:Sircara">adhigacchatu <g>||</g></rdg><note>Sircar wrongly sees here two slanting strokes

instead of one.</note></app></listApp></div><div type="translation"><p n="">Success! In the twenty-fourth year of Great King

Śrī-Ehavalacāntamūla of the Ikṣvākus, in the fourth

fortnight of the rainy season, on the fifth day.

</p><p n=""> In Śrīparvata, in Vijayapurī, in the monk’s cell (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">pariveṇa</foreign>) of the Great

Queen, Kumāranandin — guild’s chief (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">śreṣṭhin</foreign>) from Syandakaparvata, son of

Īśvarabhatta of the Bamakīyas, who originates from the

°Iru...-family — together with (his) wife, the guild’s-chief-wife, and (his) son

Īśvarabharttin and the remaining group of his kinsmen and

relatives established this stone image of the Bhagavant, the

foremost of all beings, who has perfected all qualities, the Complete Perfect Buddha, the Buddha, for the

well‐being and happiness of himself and all beings. </p><p n="">

And on this there is a stanza: </p><p n="1" rend="stanza">

By the merit accumulated having made

this pious gift, may this world attain <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">nirvāṇa</foreign>.</p></div><div type="commentary"><p>The verse quoted at the end of this inscription contains vocabulary that is typical of verse formulae assigning the reward of a given meritorious activity: <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">pāda</foreign> b, for instance, is identical to <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">pāda</foreign> b of the final stanza of a Mūlasarvāstivādin Prātimokṣasūtra (ed. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Schmidt1989"/>: <citedRange>93</citedRange></bibl>), st. 18. Concerning its goal — the universal realisation of <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">nirvāṇa</foreign> — it may be compared to a Gupta-period pedestal inscription whose second stanza reads: <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">phalam asmād dhi yat praptam</foreign> [em. <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">prāptam</foreign>] <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">ebhiḥ satkarmmakāribhiḥ | satvānām eva tac chāntyai syād eṣāṁ cāmr̥tapada[m |]</foreign>. The whereabouts of this inscription, which Sircar deciphered on the basis of an inked impression apparently obtained from the British Museum (<hi rend="italic">Journal of Ancient Indian History</hi> 2, p. 269), is unknown to us. For the discussion of an earlier example from Gandhāra, that may contain a transfer of merit for a similar goal, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Seyfort_Ruegg2005"/></bibl>.</p></div><div type="bibliography"><p>First described and edited by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircara"/>: <citedRange>11-3

(4)</citedRange></bibl>. Re-edited here from the published estampage, from our photographic documentation, and

after autopsy of the stone.</p><listBibl type="primary"><bibl/></listBibl><listBibl type="secondary"><bibl><ptr target="bib:IAR"/><citedRange>1956-57: 36, pl. LVII.A</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE"/><citedRange>1956-57: no. B.28</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE"/><citedRange>1959-60: no. B.101</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Srinivasan1979a"/>:

no.<citedRange>45</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Rosen_Stone1994"/>:

<citedRange>58-61, ills. 126-36</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Tsukamoto1996"/>: no. <citedRange>Naga

55</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Raghunath2001"/>: <citedRange>150-1

(no. 37)</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Soundara_Rajan2006"/>:

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