Ukkal, Perumāḷ temple, time of Rājakesarivarman, year 23

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: ...

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: SII adapted (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0001.

File path: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0001.xml.

Version: 2026-07-30 11:15 (b32453d), last modified 2026-07-30 11:15 (b32453d).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī ↝ kō-rājakēsa-riva(r)mmaṟku yāṇṭu Iru-pattu m¡u!ṉṟ-āvatu kāliyūr-k-kōṭṭattu-p pākū-
⟨2⟩ r-(n)āṭṭu-c civa-cūḷāmaṇi-maṅ(ka)lam-ā(ki)ya Aparā(ji)ta-c-catu(r)vveti-maṅkalattu sabhaiyō-
⟨3⟩ ¡mm! eḻuttu Ik-kōṭṭa(t)tu-t taṉ kūṟṟu Uttara-mēru-c-catu(r)vveti-maṅkalam iy-ā-
⟨4⟩ ḷuṅ-kaṇattār-uṭ ceti(ṟū)r-t tiru-vikrama(-bha)ṭṭar-ākiya brahmādhirājar pakkal koṇṭa poṉ Iru-nūṟ-
⟨5⟩ ṟu-k kaḻañcu Ip-poṉṉiṉ ¡pra(ddha)!yālu(mē) Emm¡u!r-p puva¡n!i-māṇikka-viṣṇu-gr̥hattu perumāṉ-aṭika-
⟨6⟩ ḷ Uccam p(ō)ḻ(tu) tiru-v-amirtu ceyvataṉ mu(ṉ)ṉam nicati paṉṉ-iruvar brāhmaṇar vēdam vallār Uṇpa(t’ ā)-
⟨7⟩ kavum Ip-(paṉ-iru)vaṟkum śar¡i!ram· prati (Āḻā)kku (ne)y(yu)m Ain(tu) kaṟiyu(m) Ai-vv-u(ḻa)kku-t tayirum Iv(v-i)raṇṭu kāyum i(lai)yum
⟨8⟩ Ivarkaḷukku (tr̥)ptiyām aḷavum Ip-paricu Ācan¡t!ratāramum (Ū)ṭṭuvat’ āka Ip-paṉṉ-iruvar brāhmaṇarkkum (A)ṭuvārkkum (vi)ṟak’ iṭu-
⟨9⟩ vārk(ku)m ma(ṟ)ṟum (E)ppērppaṭṭatum Aṭaṅka Ip-paricu Ūṭṭuvat’ āka Ivv-iru-nū(ṟ)ṟu-k kaḻañcuṅ koṇṭōm I(p)-paricu
⟨10⟩ Ūṭṭām(ē) vigghnan= tuytār geṃgai Iṭai-k kumari Iṭai-c ceytār ceyta pāpam ellāṅ koḷ(v)ār āka(vum) (i)p-pari-
⟨11⟩ cu muṭṭi(l mu)¡n!( t)ān= tu(y)ta Iṣṭā-pū(r)ttam brahmādhirāja¡n!ukkē Āvat’ ākavum I⟨p⟩-paricu Oṭṭi śilā-lekhai ceytu (ku)ṭut-
⟨12⟩ (tōm) (sabhai)yōm ↝ svasti śrī ↝

Apparatus

⟨3⟩ °maṅkalam iyā⟨4⟩ḷuṅkaṇattāruṭ ⬦ °maṅkalam¡i!⟨ī⟩yā⟨4⟩ḷuṅkaṇattāruṭ SII.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

⟨1⟩ Hail! Prosperity! In the twenty-third year ⟨of the reign⟩ of king Rājakesarivarman. The writing of us, the assembly of Śivacūḷāmaṇimaṅgala, alias Aparā(ji)ta-caturvedimaṅgala, ⟨a village⟩ in Pākūr-nāṭu, ⟨a subdivision⟩ of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam.

⟨3⟩ ⟨We⟩ have received two hundred kaḻañcus of gold from Tiruvikrama-Bhaṭṭar, alias Brahmādhirājar, of Ceti(ṟū)r, ⟨one⟩ among the commissioners (kaṇattār) ruling over Uttaramēru-caturvedimaṅgala,¹ ⟨a village⟩ in its own subdivision (kūṟu)² of the same kōṭṭam.

⟨5⟩ From the interest of this gold, twelve Brāhmaṇas who know the Veda, have to be fed daily, before the god (perumāṉ-aṭikaḷ) of the Puvaṉimāṇikka-Viṣṇugr̥ha in our village receives offerings at noon-time.

⟨7⟩ We have received these two hundred kaḻañcus, in order to supply, as long as the moon and the stars exist, to each of these twelve ⟨Brāhmaṇas⟩, ⟨one⟩ āḻākku of ghee, five dishes of curry, five uḻakkus of curds, two areca-nuts, and betel-leaves until they are satisfied, ⟨and⟩ in order to supply everything else to these twelve Brāhmaṇas, to the cooks, and to those who fetch firewood.

⟨9⟩ Those who do not feed ⟨them⟩ thus and cause obstruction, shall incur all the sins committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari.³

⟨10⟩ If ⟨any persons⟩ hinder this, the sacrifices and charitable deeds ⟨iṣṭāpūrta⟩ which they have performed themselves before, shall devolve on Brahmādhirājaṉ.⁴

⟨11⟩ Having agreed thus, we, the assembly, engraved ⟨this⟩ on stone. Hail! Prosperity!

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1892–93 (ARIE/1892-1893/B/1893/19).

Edited in Hultzsch 1899, with English translation and facsimile (SII 3.1).

This edition by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on Hultzsch 1899, published visual documentation and photos (Valérie Gillet, 2008).

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 2–3, item 1, plate I.

Secondary

ARIE 1892–93. G.O. Nos. 642-43, 14th August 1893. Epigraphy. Directing, with remarks, Dr. Hultzsch’s report on Epigraphical work done during 1892-93 be forwarded to the Govrnement of India and approving of the programme for the next field season. Edited by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department, 1893. Page 13, appendix B/1893, item 19.

Notes

1. This is the modern Uttaraṉmērūr in the madurāntakam tāluka of the Chingleput district.
2. This expression implies that the village by itself formed an independent subdivision of a district (kōṭṭam), just as Tiruvottūr in Vol. I. No. 85 (where taṉ kūṟṟu must be read instead of taṉakūṟṟu), and as Tirukkaḻukkuṉṟam in Ep. Ind. Vol. III. p. 279. The technical designation of such a village was taṉiyūr, for which see the Index to Vol. II. of the present work.
3. Compare Ep. Ind. Vol. IV. p. 140, note 3.
4. According to line 4 of the text, this was the name of the donor.

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<p n="1">Hail! Prosperity! In the twenty-third year <supplied reason="subaudible">of the reign</supplied> of king Rājakesarivarman. The writing of us, the assembly of Śivacūḷāmaṇimaṅgala, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Aparā<unclear>ji</unclear>ta-caturvedimaṅgala, <supplied reason="subaudible">a village</supplied> in Pākūr-nāṭu, <supplied reason="subaudible">a subdivision</supplied> of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam.</p>

<p n="3"><supplied reason="subaudible">We</supplied> have received two hundred <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold from Tiruvikrama-Bhaṭṭar, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Brahmādhirājar, of Ceti<unclear>ṟū</unclear>r, <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> among the commissioners <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṇattār</foreign></supplied> ruling over Uttaramēru-caturvedimaṅgala,<note>This is the modern Uttaraṉmērūr in the madurāntakam tāluka of the Chingleput district.</note> <supplied reason="subaudible">a village</supplied> in its own subdivision <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kūṟu</foreign></supplied><note>This expression implies that the village by itself formed an independent subdivision of a district (<foreign>kōṭṭam</foreign>), just as Tiruvottūr in Vol. I. No. 85 (where <foreign>taṉ kūṟṟu</foreign> must be read instead of <foreign>taṉakūṟṟu</foreign>), and as Tirukkaḻukkuṉṟam in <hi rend="italic">Ep. Ind</hi>. Vol. III. p. 279. The technical designation of such a village was <foreign>taṉiyūr</foreign>, for which see the Index to Vol. II. of the present work.</note> of the same <foreign>kōṭṭam</foreign>.</p>

<p n="5">From the interest of this gold, twelve Brāhmaṇas who know the Veda, have to be fed daily, before the god <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>perumāṉ-aṭikaḷ</foreign></supplied> of the Puvaṉimāṇikka-Viṣṇugr̥ha in our village receives offerings at noon-time.</p>

<p n="7">We have received these two hundred <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s, in order to supply, as long as the moon and the stars exist, to each of these twelve <supplied reason="subaudible">Brāhmaṇas</supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> <foreign>āḻākku</foreign> of ghee, five dishes of curry, five <foreign>uḻakku</foreign>s of curds, two areca-nuts, and betel-leaves until they are satisfied, <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> in order to supply everything else to these twelve Brāhmaṇas, to the cooks, and to those who fetch firewood.</p>

<p n="9">Those who do not feed <supplied reason="subaudible">them</supplied> thus and cause obstruction, shall incur all the sins committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari.<note>Compare <hi rend="italic">Ep. Ind.</hi> Vol. IV. p. 140, note 3.</note></p>

<p n="10">If <supplied reason="subaudible">any persons</supplied> hinder this, the sacrifices and charitable deeds <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>iṣṭāpūrta</foreign></supplied> which they have performed themselves before, shall devolve on Brahmādhirājaṉ.<note>According to line 4 of the text, this was the name of the donor.</note></p>

<p n="11">Having agreed thus, we, the assembly, engraved <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> on stone. Hail! Prosperity!</p>

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<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1892-1893"/></bibl> (ARIE/1892-1893/B/1893/19).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl>, with English translation and facsimile (SII 3.1).</p>

<p>This edition by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl>, published visual documentation and photos (Valérie Gillet, 2008).</p>

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