Kōvintapputtūr (Govindapputtūr), Gaṅgājaṭādhara temple, time of Parakesarivarman, year 13

Authors of digital edition: Valérie Gillet (vagi), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Lowest inscription on the lowest stone of the southernmost wall section of the western façade of the sanctuary, in continuation of INSTamilNadu00519 (zone A). It continues on the pilaster on the southern side (zone B). Regnal year 13 of Kōpparakesarivarman = Uttamacōḻa (circa 984 CE). There is no svasti śrī at the beginning of this inscription.

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-07-16 14:38 (945c2a7), last modified 2025-07-16 14:38 (945c2a7).

Edition

⟨Zone A⟩

⟨1⟩ kō-p-para-kēcari-panmaṟku yāṇṭu 10 3-Āvatu It-tiru-k-kaṟṟa-

⟨2⟩ ḷi Eṭupitta kuvaḷālam-uṭaiyāṉ Ampalavaṉ paḻuvūr nakkaṉ-Āṉa vikkirama-cōḻa-mā-rāyar

⟨3⟩ Akamuṭaiyāḷ ciṅka-panmaṉ kañci Akkaṉ vaitta nontā-viḷa(kku) {Oṉṟu} Oṉṟukku nicatam (u)-

⟨Zone B⟩
⟨4⟩ ḻakku ney
⟨5⟩ y-erikka vai-
⟨6⟩ tta cāvā m¡u!-
⟨7⟩ vā-p pēr-ā-
⟨8⟩ ṭu toṇ-
⟨9⟩ ṇūṟṟu Ā-
⟨10⟩ ṟu Ivai pa-
⟨11⟩ nmāheśvara-
⟨12⟩ -(rakṣai) ⁋

Translation by Gillet 2023

⟨1⟩ [This is the] 13th regnal year of Kōpparakesarivarman.

⟨1–10⟩ The wife (akamuṭaiyāḷ) of Ampalavaṉ Paḻuvūr Nakkaṉ alias Vikkiramacōḻa Mārāyar, lord (uṭaiyāṉ) of Kuvaḷālam who built (eṭupitta) this stone shrine (ittirukkaṟṟaḷi), Ciṅkapanmaṉ Kañci Akkaṉ gave; for one one perpetual lamp, to burn one uḻakku of ghee everyday she gave ninety-six undying and non ageing great goats.

⟨10–11⟩ These are under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1928-1929 (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/167).

Edited in Srinivasa Rao et al. 1967 (SII 19.334), in Swaminathan 2012 (SII 32, part 2, no. 124). Edited and translated in Gillet 2023, based on autopsy and photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2018).

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII19] Srinivasa Rao, G.V., Dines Chandra Sircar and G.S. Gai. 1967. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume XIX: Inscriptions of Parakesarivarman. South Indian Inscriptions 19. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Manager of Publications). Pages 168–169, item 334.

[SII32] Swaminathan, S. 2012. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XXXII: inscriptions of the early Chola kings upto Uttama Chola. South Indian Inscriptions 32. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Director General). Pages 239–240, item 124.

Gillet, Valérie. 2023. “Constructing temple, constructing power: Temple reconstruction process in 10th-century Tamil-speaking South with special emphasis on Govindapputtur.” In: The Routledge Handbook of Hindu Temples. By Himanshu Prabha Ray, Salila Kulshreshtha and Uthara Suvrathan. London: Routledge India, pp. 57–95. [URL]. Page 81, item 10.

Secondary

ARIE 1928-1929. Annual report on epigraphy for the year 1928-1929. Edited by S. V. Viswanatha. Madras: Government Press, [1930]. Page TBC, appendixes B/1928-1929, item 167.

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It-tiru-k-kaṟṟa

<lb n="2" break="no"/>ḷi Eṭupitta kuvaḷālam-uṭaiyāṉ Ampalavaṉ paḻuvūr nakkaṉ-Āṉa vikkirama-cōḻa-mā-rāyar

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Ivai <hi rend="grantha">pa</hi>

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<p n="10-11">These are under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.</p></div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1928-1929"/></bibl> (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/167).</p>

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<p>This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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