SII 3.35: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “IV.—INSCRIPTIONS AT MANIMANGALAM. No. 35.—ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE EAST WALL OF THE INNER PRAKARA OF THE RAJAGOPALA-PERUMAL TEMPLE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 8th year of the reign of Parakēsarivarman, alias Tribhuvanachakravartin Rājarājadēva (l. 5), and opens with a panegyrical passage, from which we learn nothing of any importance but that his queen bore the name or title Mukkōkkiḻāṉaḍigaḷ.1 It records that some land near the village was purchased from Sāhaṇai Mādhava-Bhaṭṭaṉ and assigned to the temple, with the condition that the produce of the land should be applied for providing offerings of boiled rice to the god.

At the time of the inscription the overseer of the Śrī-Vaishṇavas was Araṭṭamukkidāsaṉ. As the same officer is referred to in two inscriptions of the 12th and 28th years of the reign of Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa III. (Nos. 36 and 37 below), it may be assumed either that Parakēsarivarman, alias Rājarājadēva, was identical with that Rājarājadēva who succeeded Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa III. or that he was the predecessor of the latter. I am inclined to adopt the second alternative, because the present inscription mentions as the person from whom the granted land was purchased a certain Sāhaṇai Mādhava-Bhaṭṭaṉ, whose name occurs in a similar connection in the inscription of Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa II. (No. 34 above). Hence the king to whose reign the subjoined inscription belongs has to be styled Rājarāja II., and the successor of Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa III. will be Rājarāja III. The reign of Rājarāja II. would fall between A.D. 1132, the latest date of Kulōttuṅga II.,2 and A.D. 1178, the date of the accession of Kulōttuṅga III.3

I have impressions of two other inscriptions of Rājarāja II. which open with the same panegyrical introduction. The first of them, in the Śvētāraṇyēśvara temple at Kaḍappēri near Madurāntakam in the Chingleput district (No. 132 of 1896), is dated in the 9th year; and the second, in the Ēkāmranātha temple at Conjeeveram (No. 9 of 1893), is dated in the 15th year of the reign, “on the day of Punarvasu, which was a Thursday and the fourteenth tithi of the first fortnight of the month of Tai.”4

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0035.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0035.xml.

Version: (aa17590), last modified (98b50c2).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] pū maruviya tirumātum puvimātum jayamātum ṉā maruviya kalaimātum pukaḻmātum nayantu (pu)lka (Aru)maṟaivitine(ṟi)ya-

⟨2⟩ (ṉai)ttumaruntamiḻun=ta(ṉi) taḻaippavarumuṟai (U)rimaiyiṉ ma(ṇi)muṭi cū(ṭi)ttiṅkaḷ veṇkuṭ(ai)tticaikkaḷiṟeṭ(ṭun=taṅ)ku tanitti(ṭa)-

⟨3⟩ n=tāṉeṉa viḷaṅkakkaruṅkalippaṭṭiyaicceṅkol turappapporuvaliyāḻi pu(vi) vaḷarttuṭaṉ vara villa(var) teluṅkar m¿i?ṉavar

⟨4⟩ ciṅkaḷar pallavar mutaliya pārtti(va)r pa(ṇi)ya Eṇṇaruṅkaṟpamaṇṇakam puṇarn=tu cempo(ṉ vī)rasiṁhāsaṉa(t)tu Ulakuṭai muk-

⟨5⟩ kokkiḻāṉaṭikaḷoṭum (vī)ṟṟirun=taruḷiya kopparakecaripanmarāṉa tribhuvaṉaccakkaravarttikaḷ śrīrājarājade⟨⟨va⟩⟩ṟku yāṇṭu 8

⟨6⟩ Āvatu [|] jayaṅkoṇṭacoḻamaṇṭala⟨t⟩tu kulottuṅkacoḻavaḷaṉā⟨⟨ṭ⟩⟩ṭu kuṉṟattū(rṉā)ṭṭu maṇima(ṅ)kalamāṉa pāṇṭi-

⟨7⟩ ya(ṉai)Irumaṭi(m)eṉ(koṇṭaco)ḻacca(tu)⟨r⟩ppe(tima)ṅkalat(tu) mah(āsa)bhaiyo⟨⟨m⟩⟩ Eḻut(tu) [|] (nammū)r (vaṇṭuvar)ā(vati E)mp(e)ru-

⟨8⟩ mān koyilil śrīkāriya(m) ce⟨⟨y⟩⟩kiṟa Irāyūr viṣṇubhaṭṭaṉu(m) śrī(v)aiṣṇava⟨⟨v⟩⟩āriya{m}ñce⟨⟨y⟩⟩kiṟa Araṭṭamukkidāsaṉum kaṇṭu

⟨9⟩ namm¿u?r vaṇṭuvarā(va)ti Em(p)erumāṉukku ciṟukālaisan=tikku (mu)ṉpākattiru⟨⟨ma(n=tira)⟩⟩poṉakam Orutiruppoṉakam ṉāṉāḻi

⟨10⟩ Ariciyāl Amṛtu ce⟨y⟩taru(ḷu)kaikku Immaṇṭalattu (Ū)ṟṟukkāṭṭukk(o)ṭṭattu Ūṟṟukkā⟨⟨ṭṭu⟩⟩ṉā(ṭ)ṭu Ūṟṟukkāṭāṉa Aḻaki(ya)coḻanallūr ma(ṅ)kalaṅkiḻān v(e)ḷā-

⟨11⟩ n malaikini(ya)ṉiṉṟā(ṉ) nammūr (s)ākaṇai mā(ta)vapaṭṭaṉ pa(k)ka(l)kkācu Iṭṭu(k)koṇṭu viṭṭa ṉilam [|] (I)vvūr kākka(m)pilāl karuṇākarapaṭṭaṉ pakkal I⟨m⟩māta(va)paṭṭa-

⟨12⟩ n koṇṭuṭai(ya) Ivvūrpperun=tūmpiniṉṟu va(ṭa)kku ṉ(o)k(ki)ppoṉa peruvāykkālukkukkiḻakkum Ālavatikku vaṭakku Iraṇṭāṅkaṇṇāṟṟu (k)ākkampirālccīrā-

⟨13⟩ ma(cī)riḷaṅkokkuḻi (Iru)ṉūṟṟañcaraiyum Ivvatikku vaṭakku ṉālāṅ(ka)ṇṇāṟṟukkāk(ka)mpirāl (cīr)āma(cīri)ḷaṅkokkuḻi I(ru)ṉūṟṟoru(pa)tteḻum Itiṉ{ṅ} kiḻakku Ipperuṭaiya

⟨14⟩ taṭi Oṉṟiṉālkkuḻi ṉū⟨⟨ṟ⟩⟩ṟoṉpatum Itiṉ vaṭakku Immātavapaṭ⟨⟨ṭa⟩⟩ṉ (Ikku)ṭi tiruveṅkaṭapaṭṭaṉ (pa)kkal supratigrahamākakkoṇṭuṭaiya sāhaṇai paṭṭaraiya(ṉ) pulat(ti)laṟa(tta) t(e)ṟ-

⟨15⟩ kkiṭaiyakkuḻi Eṇ(pa)tum Ākappottakappaṭi kuḻi Aṟuṉūṟṟorupattiraṇṭaraiyu(m) [|] Immaṅka(la)ṅkiḻān veḷān malaikiṉiyaṉiṉṟān (pa)kkal Iṉ(ṉi)lam Iṟaiviḻu(t)tukaik(ku)

⟨16⟩ veṇ(ṭu)m poṉ koṇṭu cantrātittavarai Iṟaivi(ḻu)ttikkuṭut(t)om mahāsabhaiyom [|] (I)ṉṉilan=tā(ṉ) veṇṭu per Iṭṭukkalli(lu)m cempilum veṭṭikko⟨⟨ḷ⟩⟩vatā-

⟨17⟩ kavum I⟨v⟩vamṛtu ceyta prasādattilccempāti(yum) Apūrvi śrīvaiṣṇa(va)rāy van=tāṟ(kku) Iṭu(va)tā(ka)vum [|] Ivvūr naṭuviṟttirumuṟṟattukkūṭṭaṅkuṟaivaṟakkūṭi Iru¿(n=tu)? sabhai-

⟨18⟩ yuḷ ṉinṟu Araṇaippuṟattuppuruṣottamabhaṭṭaṉ paṇippappaṇi keṭṭeḻutinen ma(ṇima)ṅkalamuṭ(ai)yān (Ā)ṉa(nta)bo(dha)ṉ veḷān c¿i?rāmatevanen [|] Ivai Eṉ Eḻuttu [|] Ippaṭi-

⟨19⟩ kku Ivvūrttaccakk⟨⟨ā⟩⟩(ṇi) cempāti(yu)ṭaiya (ta)ccaṉ vaṭukaṉātaṉ tiruvāykkulamāṉ t(o)ṇṭaiṉāṭṭācāriyaneṉ [|] Ivai Eṉ Eḻut(tu) [|] Itdhanmam śrīv(ai)ṣṇavarakṣai{ḥ} [|] hari [∥]

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ tanitti(ṭa) • Two other inscriptions of the same king read taṉikkūṭa.

⟨9⟩ ma(n=tira)poṉakam • The word ma(n=tira) is entered above the pe of poṉakam.

⟨16⟩ veṭṭikkoḷvatā • The ā [[i.e. the kāl]] of koḷ is entered above, and ḷ below the line.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! While the goddess of prosperity, who carries a (lotus) flower, the goddess of the earth, the goddess of victory, the goddess of learning, who resided on (his) tongue, and the goddess of fame lovingly embraced (him), and while all the rules prescribed in the sacred Vēdas and the elegant Tamiḻ flourished exceedingly, (the king) put on the jewelled crown by right of royal descent.

(L. 2.) The moon of (his) white parasol was glittering as if it were a matchless hall in which the eight elephants of the quarters abided;5 (his) sceptre drove away, (like) a prostitute, the dark Kali (age); and (his) discus, powerful in battle, accompanied (his sceptre), extending (his conquests on) the earth.

(L. 3.) Having won the heart (of the goddess) of the earth for countless ages, (he) was pleased to be seated on the throne of heroes, (made) of pure gold, with (his queen) Mukkōkkiḻāṉaḍigaḷ, the mistress of the world, while the Villavar (Chēras), Teluṅgar, Mīṉavar (Pāṇḍyas), Śiṅgaḷar, Pallavar and other kings prostrated themselves (before him).

(L. 5.) In the 8th year (of the reign) of (this) king Parakēsarivarman, alias the emperor of the three worlds, Śrī-Rājarājadēva.

(L. 6.) The writing of us, the great assembly of Maṇimaṅgalam, alias Pāṇḍiyaṉai-irumaḍi-mēṉ-koṇḍa-Śōḻa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, in Kuṉṟattūr-nāḍu, (a subdivision) of Kulōttuṅga-Śōḻa-vaḷanāḍu, (a district) of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam.

(L. 7.) With the knowledge of Vishṇu-Bhaṭṭaṉ of Irāyūr, the manager of the temple of Vaṇḍuvarāpati-Emberumāṉ in our village, and of Araṭṭamukkidāsaṉ, the overseer of the Śrī-Vaishṇavas.6

(L. 9.) In order that (the god) Vaṇḍuvarāpati-Emberumāṉ in our village might receive (every day) an offering of four nāḻi of boiled rice before early dawn, the Maṅgalaṅgiḻāṉ Vēḷāṉ Malaigiṉiyaniṉṟāṉ of Ūṟṟukkāḍu,7 alias Aḻagiya-Śōḻa-nallūr, in Ūṟṟukkāḍu-nāḍu, (a subdivision) of Ūṟṟukkāṭṭu-kōṭṭam, (a district) of the same maṇḍalam, purchased for money from [S]āgaṇai8 Mādhava-Bhaṭṭaṉ of our village (the following) land.

(L. 11.) Two hundred and five and a half kuḻi of Kākkambirāl Śrīrāma-Śīriḷaṅgō in the second Kaṇṇāṟu9 to the east of the large channel which flows to the north from the large sluice of this village,10 and to the north of the Ālavadi (road),11 which that Mādhava-Bhaṭṭaṉ had purchased from Kākkambilāl Karuṇākara-Bhaṭṭaṉ of this village; two hundred and seventeen kuḻi of Kākkambirāl Śrīrāma-Śīriḷaṅgō in the fourth Kaṇṇāṟu to the north of this road; to the east of this, one hundred and nine kuḻi, equal to one taḍi12 (and) bearing the same name; and to the north of this, eighty kuḻi, . . . . . in the field of Sāhaṇai Bhaṭṭaraiyaṉ, which that Mādhava-Bhaṭṭaṉ had received as a present from Tiruvēṅgaḍa-Bhaṭṭaṉ of this village,—altogether,13 six hundred and twelve and a half kuḻi according to the land-register.14

(L. 15.) Having received the gold required for making this land free of taxes from that Maṅgalaṅgiḻāṉ Vēḷāṉ Malaigiṉiyaniṉṟāṉ, we, the great assembly, gave it free of taxes, for as long as the moon and the sun exist.

(L. 16.) The designation which he desires for this land shall be engraved on stone and on copper, and the better half of the leavings of these offerings shall be given to travellers who are Śrī-Vaishṇavas (and) have not (received it) before.15

(L. 17.) Having been present in the assembly, which met without a vacancy in the temple court in the middle of this village, and having heard the order of Purushōttama-Bhaṭṭaṉ of Araṇaippuṟam, I, Maṇimaṅgalam-uḍaiyāṉ [Ā]na[nda]bō[dha]ṉ Vēḷāṉ Śrīrāmadēvaṉ, wrote (the above). This (is) my writing.

(L. 18.) To this (witness) I, the carpenter Vaḍuganādaṉ Tiruvāykkulamāṉ Toṇḍaināṭṭ-āchāryaṉ, who possesses the better half of the land of the carpenters (tachcha-kāṇi) in the village. This (is) my writing.

(L. 19.) This charity (is placed under) the protection of the Śrī-Vaishṇavas. Hari !

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.35 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 79–82, item 35.

Notes

  1. 1. Mukkōkkiḻānaḍi had been the name of the chief queen of Vikrama-Chōḷa; see above, Vol. II. p. 309.

  2. 2. Ind. Ant. Vol. XX. p. 285.

  3. 3. Ep. Ind. Vol. IV. p. 266.

  4. 4. yāṇṭu patiṉañcāvatu taimāsattu pūrvvapakṣattu puṇarpūcamum catu(r)ddaciyum viyāḻakkiḻamaiyumā(ṉa) nāḷ.

  5. 5. I.e. he ruled over the whole earth.

  6. 6. The words śrīvaiṣṇavavāriyañceykiṟa correspond to śrīvaiṣṇavakkaṇkāṇi in other Maṇimaṅgalam inscriptions.

  7. 7. This is a village in the Conjeeveram tāluka; see above, Vol. II. p. 345, note 4.

  8. 8. This word is spelt Sāhaṇai in text line 14 below; see also above, p. 77, note 8.

  9. 9. See above, p. 73, note 6.

  10. 10. See No. 34, text line 6, and No. 30, text line 40.

  11. 11. See above, p. 78 and note 9.

  12. 12. Compare above, p. 58, line 1.

  13. 13. By adding up the preceding amounts, only 611 1/2 kuḻi are arrived at.

  14. 14. The same term (pottagam) occurs in Vol. II. No. 22, second tier, text line 4.

  15. 15. The word apūrvin is used similarly in Vol. II. No. 25 , text line 36.