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· <title>Hanumantapuram hero-stone, time of Īccuvaraparumaṉ, year 17</title>
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15 <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
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20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
· <persName ref="part:emfr">
· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
· </persName>
25 </respStmt>
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· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
· <pubPlace>Paris, CEIAS</pubPlace>
30 <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00513</idno>
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· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
· </licence>
40 </availability>
· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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45 <msIdentifier>
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50 <summary>Hero-stone erected in honour of Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who fell during a
· fight.</summary>
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55 <p/>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
65 agreement no 809994).</p>
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85 <body>
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·
· <p>
90 <lb n="1"/>kō-vicaiya-Īccuvara-paruma<supplied reason="lost">ṟk<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>u</reg></choice></supplied>
· <lb break="no" n="2"/>yāṇṭu patiṉ ē<choice><orig>ḻḻ</orig><reg>ḻ</reg></choice>-āvat'</p>
·
· <p>
· a<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>ṅ</reg></choice>ka<supplied reason="lost">ṭ</supplied>
95 <lb break="no" n="3"/>kāṭ<unclear>ṭiṟai</unclear>kaḷ ceyi<unclear>k</unclear>ka-<unclear>v</unclear> aracar
· <lb break="no" n="4"/>māṟṟ-uṭai ceṉṟa tāṉ aṟupaṭṭāṉ
· <lb n="5"/>k<unclear>ā</unclear>ṭaṭi kaṟakka<unclear>ṉ</unclear>
· </p>
·
100 </div>
·
· <div type="apparatus">
· <listApp>
·
105 <app loc="1">
· <lem>°vicaiya-Īccu°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:ARIE1899-1900">°vi<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>ya-rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>cu°</rdg>
· <note>This reading in <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:ARIE1899-1900"/></bibl> is tentative though, as indicated by a question mark.</note>
110 </app>
·
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>°paruma<supplied reason="lost">ṟk<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>u</reg></choice></supplied> yāṇṭu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01">°paruma<supplied reason="omitted">ṟk' i</supplied>yāṇṭu</rdg>
115 <note>It is not clear however whether <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01"/>'s reading <foreign>[ṟk=i*]</foreign> is meant for characters omitted and supplied.</note>
· <note>We do not follow <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01"/> in considering that we have here <foreign>iyāṇṭu</foreign>, that is <foreign>yāṇṭu</foreign> with epenthesis. Although this is possible, it seems unlikely considering other attestations of the dative variant <foreign>-ki</foreign> for <foreign>-ku</foreign>. See, e.g., <ref target="INSPallava00252.xml">INSPallava00252</ref>, of the same Īccuvaravarman, where, in lines 1-3, we find <foreign>kō-vicaiya-Ī<unclear>c</unclear>cuvaraparumaṟki paṉṉiraṇṭ-āvatu</foreign>.</note>
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120 <lem>a<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>ṅ</reg></choice>ka<supplied reason="lost">ṭ</supplied></lem>
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· <note>It is not clear however whether <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01"/>'s reading <foreign>[ṭ*]</foreign> is meant for a character omitted and supplied.</note>
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·
125 <app loc="3">
· <lem>ceyi<unclear>k</unclear>ka-<unclear>v</unclear></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01">ceyi<unclear>k</unclear>ka-v</rdg>
· </app>
·
130 </listApp>
·
· </div>
·
· <div source="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01" type="translation">
135 <p>
· In the seventeenth year <supplied reason="subaudible">of the reign</supplied> of king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman, when Kāṭṭiṟai was victorious, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ himself, who went among the enemies of the king, was cut down.
· </p>
· </div>
·
140 <div resp="part:emfr" type="translation">
· <p n="1-2">
· Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.<note>Sanskrit Īśvaravarman.</note>.
· </p>
· <p n="2-5">
145 When, there <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṅkaṇ</foreign></supplied>, the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai vanquished, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who went <supplied reason="explanation">against</supplied> the change of property, was himself cut down.
· </p>
· </div>
· <div type="commentary">
· <p>there (<foreign>aṅkaṇ</foreign>) = Kaṉaiyūr, see tfaPalllava253.</p>
150 <p>Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’</p>
· <p>Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.</p>
· <p>Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava</p>
· <p>Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester" = synonym of kāṭaṭi (kāṭu, "forest" + aṭi, "His majesty"). + "It thus appears that a descendant of the PalIava dynasty was tributary to the Gaṅga-Pallava king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman."</p>
· <p>See tfaPallava253, same slab (left of the present inscription).</p>
155 </div>
·
· <div type="bibliography">
·
· <p>
160Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01"/></bibl> with facsimile and English translation (EI 7, no. 4.2b), based on an inked estampage; text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 253b); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2019).
· </p>
·
· <listBibl type="primary">
·
165 <bibl n="EH">
· <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">23-24</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">I/B</citedRange>
· </bibl>
170
· <bibl n="IP">
· <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">627-628</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">253/B</citedRange>
175 </bibl>
·
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·
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180
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· <ptr target="bib:ARIE1899-1900"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">49</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="appendix">B/1900</citedRange>
185 <citedRange unit="item">17</citedRange>
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·
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·
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Commentary
there (aṅkaṇ) = Kaṉaiyūr, see tfaPalllava253.
Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’
Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.
Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava
Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester" = synonym of kāṭaṭi (kāṭu, "forest" + aṭi, "His majesty"). + "It thus appears that a descendant of the PalIava dynasty was tributary to the Gaṅga-Pallava king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman."
See tfaPallava253, same slab (left of the present inscription).