Hanumantapuram hero-stone, time of Īccuvaraparumaṉ, year 17

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00513.

Summary: Hero-stone erected in honour of Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who fell during a fight.

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-12-21 12:36 (f2f3eaa), last modified 2024-09-10 11:54 (117d0d9).

⟨1⟩ kō-vicaiya-Īccuvara-paruma[ṟk¡i!⟨u⟩]⟨2⟩yāṇṭu patiṉ ē¡ḻḻ!⟨ḻ⟩-āvat’

a¡ṉ!⟨ṅ⟩ka[ṭ]⟨3⟩kāṭ(ṭiṟai)kaḷ ceyi(k)ka-(v) aracar⟨4⟩māṟṟ-uṭai ceṉṟa tāṉ aṟupaṭṭāṉ ⟨5⟩ k(ā)ṭaṭi kaṟakka(ṉ)

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ °vicaiya-Īccu° ⬦ °vijaya-rājacu° ARIE 1899–1900 • This reading in Hultzsch 1900 is tentative though, as indicated by a question mark. — ⟨1⟩ °paruma[ṟk¡i!⟨u⟩] yāṇṭu ⬦ °paruma⟨ṟk’ i⟩yāṇṭu EH • It is not clear however whether EH’s reading [ṟk=i*] is meant for characters omitted and supplied. • We do not follow EH in considering that we have here iyāṇṭu, that is yāṇṭu with epenthesis. Although this is possible, it seems unlikely considering other attestations of the dative variant -ki for -ku. See, e.g., INSPallava00252, of the same Īccuvaravarman, where, in lines 1-3, we find kō-vicaiya-Ī(c)cuvaraparumaṟki paṉṉiraṇṭ-āvatu.

⟨2⟩ a¡ṉ!⟨ṅ⟩ka[ṭ] ⬦ aṉka⟨ṭ⟩ EH • It is not clear however whether EH’s reading [ṭ*] is meant for a character omitted and supplied.

⟨3⟩ ceyi(k)ka-(v) ⬦ ceyi(k)ka-v EH.

Translation by Hultzsch 1902–1903

In the seventeenth year [of the reign] of king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman, when Kāṭṭiṟai was victorious, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ himself, who went among the enemies of the king, was cut down.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1–2) Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.¹.

(2–5) When, there (aṅkaṇ), the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai vanquished, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who went (against) the change of property, was himself cut down.

Commentary

there (aṅkaṇ) = Kaṉaiyūr, see tfaPalllava253.

Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’

Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.

Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava

Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester" = synonym of kāṭaṭi (kāṭu, "forest" + aṭi, "His majesty"). + "It thus appears that a descendant of the PalIava dynasty was tributary to the Gaṅga-Pallava king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman."

See tfaPallava253, same slab (left of the present inscription).

Bibliography

Edited in Hultzsch 1902–1903 with facsimile and English translation (EI 7, no. 4.2b), based on an inked estampage; text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 253b); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2019).

Primary

[EH] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1902–1903. “Three memorial stones.” EI 7, pp. 22–26. Pages 23–24, item I/B.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 627–628, item 253/B.

Secondary

[ARIE 1899-1900] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1900. G.O. etc., Nos. 833-34, 22nd August 1900. Epigraphy. Passing orders on the annual report on – for 1899-1900. Copy to the Government of India. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department. Page 49, appendix B/1900, item 17.

Notes

1. Sanskrit Īśvaravarman.

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Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.<note>Sanskrit Īśvaravarman.</note>.

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When, there <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṅkaṇ</foreign></supplied>, the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai vanquished, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who went <supplied reason="explanation">against</supplied> the change of property, was himself cut down.

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<p>there (<foreign>aṅkaṇ</foreign>) = Kaṉaiyūr, see tfaPalllava253.</p>

<p>Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’</p>

<p>Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.</p>

<p>Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava</p>

<p>Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester" = synonym of kāṭaṭi (kāṭu, "forest" + aṭi, "His majesty"). + "It thus appears that a descendant of the PalIava dynasty was tributary to the Gaṅga-Pallava king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman."</p>

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