Maunggan Gold Leaves

Authors of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr), D. Christian Lammerts (dcla).

Language: Pali (pli) [Latin (latin)].

Repository: Pyu Epigraphy (tfc-pyu-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPYU00046.

File path: DHARMA_INSPYU00046.xml.

Version: 2026-03-03 00:14 (e58a53b), last modified 2026-03-02 10:41 (c4e1250).

Edition

Part First leaf (Or5340A)

⟨1⟩ || ye dhammā hetupabhavā _ tesaṁ hetu⟨ṁ⟩ tathāgato _ °āha tesañ ca yo nirodho _ °evaṁvādi mahāsamano ti || cattāro °iddhipādā

⟨2⟩ cattāro sammappadhānā _ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā _ cattāri °ariyasaccāni _ catuves⟨ā⟩rajjāni _ pañcindriyāni _ pañcacakkhūni _ cha-

⟨3⟩ °asaddhāraṇ(ā)ni _ sattabojjhaṅgā _ °ariyo °aṭṭhiṅgiko maggo _ navalokuttarā dhammā _ dasabal⟨ā⟩ni _ cundasa buddhaññāni °aṭṭhārasabuddhadhammāni

Part Second leaf (Or5340B)

⟨1⟩ || ye dhammā hetupabhavā _ tesa⟨ṁ⟩ hetu⟨ṁ⟩ tathāgato °āha _ tesañ ca yo nirodho _ °evaṁvādi mahāsama(n)o ti _ °iti pi so bhagavā °arahaṁ
⟨2⟩ sammāsaṁbuddho _ vijjācaraṇasappanno _ sugato lokavidu _ °anuttaro purisadammasārathī _ satthā devamanussānaṁ _ buddho bhagavā ti
⟨3⟩ svākhyāto bhagavatā dhammo _ sandiṭṭhiko _ °akāl⟨i⟩ko _ °ehipassiko _ [°o]paṇāyiko _ paccattaṁ veditavvo _ viññūhī ti <>

Apparatus

⟨1.margin⟩ <> ⬦ || • The opening mark stands in the margin; the same sign is repeated at the end of leaf 2. It is a simpler version of the one seen at the end of PYU 44.

⟨1.1⟩ tesañ ca • There is a rightward curl at the top of the vertical element in ñ, that could possibly be interpreted as -ā, but we assume it is a somewhat overdone serif. — ⟨1.1⟩ °evaṁvādi mahāsamano • The expected form would be °evaṁvādī mahāsamaṇo. Same irregularities in leaf 2.

⟨1.2⟩ satipaṭṭhānā ⬦ satipaṭṭhāuā • (misprint) — ⟨1.2⟩ °ariyasaccāni ⬦ °ariyasacohāni • (misprint)

⟨1.3⟩ °asaddhāraṇ(ā)ni • Tun Nyein corrects °asādhāraṇāni in note. — ⟨1.3⟩ °aṭṭhiṅgiko • Tun Nyein corrects °aṭṭhaṅgiko in note. — ⟨1.3⟩ dasabal⟨ā⟩ni • Tun Nyein silently corrects dasabalāni. — ⟨1.3⟩ cundasa • Tun Nyein silently corrects cuddasa. — ⟨1.3⟩ buddhaññāni ⬦ buddhakoni • correcting buddhayonī in note; emend buddhañāṇāni.

⟨2.1⟩ || • The two bars are connected by a small cross-bar. — ⟨2.1⟩ °evaṁvādi mahāsamano • The expected form would be °evaṁvādī mahāsamaṇo. Same irregularities in leaf 1.

⟨2.2⟩ -sappanno • Tun Nyein corrects -sampanno in note. — ⟨2.2⟩ -sārathī ⬦ -sārathi.

⟨2.3⟩ °akāl⟨i⟩ko ⬦ °akāliko • Silent correction. — ⟨2.3⟩ [°o]paṇāyiko • Tun Nyein corrects °opanayiko in note. Editions of the canon show either °opaneyyika or °opanāyiko. — ⟨2.3⟩ <> ⬦ || • The closing sign here corresponds to the opening sign of leaf 1, and clearly shows the two leaves form one whole.

Bibliography

First edited in Tun Nyein 1898_–_1899; published again (with some improvements offset by a number of inaccuracies) in Finot1912. Re-edited here from published reproductions and photographs furnished by the British Library.

Primary

Griffiths, Arlo, Marc Miyake and Julian K. Wheatley. 2018–03–26. “Corpus of Pyu inscriptions.” Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1207290. [URL]. Item DHARMA_INSPYU00046.

Secondary

ASI

MonBoKay1961a

Tha Myat [sā mrat]. 1963. pyū phat cā: pyū akkharā samuiṅḥ [Pyu Reader: a History of the Pyu Alphabet]. Yangon: uḥ lha daṅ [U Hla Din]. Pages 44–6.

Luce, Gordon H. 1985. Phases of pre-Pagán Burma: languages and history. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pages I, 61, 73 n. 2, 175.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Maunggan Gold Leaves</title>

<resp>author of digital edition</resp>

<persName ref="part:argr"><forename>Arlo</forename><surname>Griffiths</surname></persName><persName ref="part:dcla"><forename>D. Christian</forename><surname>Lammerts</surname></persName></respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority>DHARMA</authority>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPYU00046</idno>

<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported

Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to

Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,

California, 94041, USA.</p>

</licence>

</availability>

</publicationStmt>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

</msIdentifier>

</msContents>

<!-- If you need to identify individual hands (EGD §7.5/) in addition to one or more paragraphs of general palaeographic description, wrap <summary> around the <p> or <p>s above, and, outside <summary>, create <handNote> elements for each hand as follows:

-->

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).</p>

</projectDesc>

<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

</prefixDef>

<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the <ref>DHARMA_idListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

</prefixDef>

</listPrefixDef>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:mime" when="2026-03-02">Conversion to DHARMA guidelines</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<ab>

dhammā

hetupabhavā

tesaṁ

hetu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>

tathāgato

°āha

tesañ

nirodho

°evaṁvādi

mahāsamano

cattāro

°iddhipādā

cattāro

sammappadhānā

cattāro

satipaṭṭhānā

cattāri

°ariyasaccāni

catuves<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>rajjāni

pañcindriyāni

pañcacakkhūni

cha<lb n="3" break="no"/>°asaddhāraṇ<unclear>ā</unclear>ni

sattabojjhaṅgā

°ariyo

°aṭṭhiṅgiko

maggo

navalokuttarā

dhammā

dasabal<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>ni

cundasa

buddhaññāni

°aṭṭhārasabuddhadhammāni

</ab>

</div>

<ab>

dhammā

hetupabhavā

tesa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>

hetu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>

tathāgato

°āha

tesañ

nirodho

°evaṁvādi

mahāsama<unclear>n</unclear>o

°iti

bhagavā

°arahaṁ

sammāsaṁbuddho

vijjācaraṇasappanno

sugato

lokavidu

°anuttaro

purisadammasārathī

satthā

devamanussānaṁ

buddho

bhagavā

svākhyāto

bhagavatā

dhammo

sandiṭṭhiko

°akāl<supplied reason="omitted">i</supplied>ko

°ehipassiko

<supplied reason="lost">°o</supplied>paṇāyiko

paccattaṁ

veditavvo

viññūhī

</ab>

</div>

<note>The opening mark stands in the margin; the same sign is repeated at

the end of leaf 2. It is a simpler version of the one seen at the end of PYU <ref target="DHARMA_INSPYU00044">44</ref>.</note>

</app>

<lem>tesañ ca</lem>

<note>There is a rightward curl at the top of the vertical element in <seg type="graphemic">ñ</seg>, that could possibly be interpreted as <seg type="graphemic">-ā</seg>, but we assume it is a somewhat overdone serif.</note>

</app>

<lem>°evaṁvādi mahāsamano</lem>

<note>The expected form would be <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">°evaṁvādī mahāsamaṇo</foreign>. Same irregularities in leaf 2.</note>

</app>

<lem>satipaṭṭhānā</lem>

<rdg resp="Tun Nyein">satipaṭṭhāuā</rdg>

<note>(misprint)</note>

</app>

<lem>°ariyasaccāni</lem>

<rdg resp="Tun Nyein">°ariyasacohāni</rdg>

<note>(misprint)</note>

</app>

<lem>°asaddhāraṇ<unclear>ā</unclear>ni</lem>

<note>Tun Nyein corrects <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">°asādhāraṇāni </foreign> in note.</note>

</app>

<lem>°aṭṭhiṅgiko</lem>

<note>Tun Nyein corrects <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">°aṭṭhaṅgiko</foreign> in note.</note>

</app>

<lem>dasabal<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>ni</lem>

<note>Tun Nyein silently corrects <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">dasabalāni</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>cundasa</lem>

<note>Tun Nyein silently corrects <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">cuddasa</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>buddhaññāni</lem>

<rdg resp="Tun Nyein">buddhakoni</rdg>

<note>correcting <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">buddhayonī</foreign> in note; emend <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">buddhañāṇāni</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<note>The two bars are connected by a small cross-bar.</note>

</app>

<lem>°evaṁvādi mahāsamano</lem>

<note>The expected form would be <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">°evaṁvādī mahāsamaṇo</foreign>. Same irregularities in leaf 1.</note>

</app>

<lem>-sappanno</lem>

<note>Tun Nyein corrects <foreign xml:lang="pli-Latn">-sampanno</foreign> in note.</note>

</app>

<lem>-sārathī</lem>

<rdg resp="Tun Nyein">-sārathi</rdg>

</app>

<rdg resp="Tun Nyein">°akāliko</rdg>

<note>Silent correction.</note>

</app>

<lem><supplied reason="lost">°o</supplied>paṇāyiko</lem>

<note>Tun Nyein corrects <foreign xml:lang="pli-Brah">°opanayiko</foreign> in note. Editions of the canon show either <foreign>°opaneyyika</foreign> or <foreign xml:lang="pli-Brah">°opanāyiko</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<note>The closing sign here corresponds to the opening sign of leaf 1, and clearly shows the two leaves form one whole.</note>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<p>First edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:TunNyein1898-99_01"/></bibl>; published again (with some improvements offset by a number of inaccuracies) in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Finot1912"/><citedRange>130-2</citedRange></bibl>. Re-edited here from published reproductions and photographs furnished by the British Library.</p>

<listBibl type="primary"><bibl><ptr target="bib:CPI2018_01"/><citedRange unit="item">DHARMA_INSPYU00046</citedRange></bibl></listBibl><listBibl type="secondary">

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>