Stone pillar from Myazedi pagoda, Myinkaba, Pagan (A)

Version: (45672e8), last modified (181737c).

Edition

Part Old Burmese

⟨1⟩ śrī namo buddhāya pu rhā skhaṄ sāsanā AnhaC ta-

⟨2⟩ C thoṄ khroK() ryā nhaC chāY() heT nhaC loN

⟨3⟩ liY brī ra kā ĪY ArimaddanapuR maÑ su praÑ

⟨4⟩ nhiK Ā śrītribuvanādityadhammarāj· maÑ su ma-

⟨5⟩ Ṅ phlaC E°· thiV maṄ E°· pāY ma yā ta-

⟨6⟩ C yoK su kā trilokavaṭaṁsakādevī

⟨7⟩ maÑ E°· thiV pāY ma yā sā tamu leh· rā(ja)-

⟨8⟩ kumāR maÑ E°· thiV maṄ kā kyoN suṁ rvoh·

⟨9⟩ teh· pāY ma yā Ā piY E°· thiV pāY ma-

⟨10⟩ yā syī· kha ra kā thiV pāY ma yā taN chā nhaṅ’· thi-

⟨11⟩ V kyoN suṁ rvoh· su nhaṅ’· teh· thiV pāY ma yā

⟨12⟩ sā A sā rājakumāR maÑ so Ā maṄ piY tuṁ

⟨13⟩ E°· thuiV maṄ AnhaC nhaC chāy het nhaC maṄ mū bri ru-

⟨14⟩ y’a E°· siY (kha) mū nā su rhoV nhiK teh· thuiV rājaku-

⟨15⟩ māR maÑ su paY ma yā sā mi mī keiV muY so maṄ

⟨16⟩ grī klañ jo OK mi ra kā rhuY Ati su pu rhā skhaṄ A-

⟨17⟩ chaṄ plu ruy’· E°· nhaP liY su rhoV teh IY si-

⟨18⟩ °· min’· E°· IY rhuY pu rhā kā ṅa skhaṄ() Aphei°· Ati°· ky-

⟨19⟩ oN plo°· su teh· kyoN su() rvoh· Atui°· kyo-

⟨20⟩ N ṅa skhaṄ piY su saÑ kā IY() rhuY() pu r(h)āĀ Atui°· kyo-

⟨21⟩ N piY ye°· thiV rhoV teh· maṄ nhaC() klui°· ra kā koṄ

⟨22⟩ lheṅ’· teh(·) koṄ lheṅ’· teh· min’· ruy’· E°· saṅ grī

⟨23⟩ mahātheR saṅ grī muggaliputtati(ssa)ttheR saṅ grī su-

⟨24⟩ medha paṇḍiT saṅ grī brahmapāL saṅ grī brahmadi-

⟨25⟩ V saṅ grī soN() saṅ grī saṅghasena varapaṇḍi-

⟨26⟩ T thuiV skhaṄ tui°· AmhoK teh· maṄ (r)iY soN E°·

⟨27⟩ thiV brī ra kā thuiV rājakumāR maÑ su paY ma yā A sā

⟨28⟩ thiV rhuY pu rhā thāpanā ruy’· E°· IY rhuY AthoT mū so

⟨29⟩ kū plo°· E°· plo°· brī ra kā IY kū pu rhā lhoT

⟨30⟩ su rhoV nhiK teh· saK mu na loN taC rvoh· ra pā-

⟨31⟩ Y taC rvoh· heN buiV taC rvoh· IY kyoN

⟨32⟩ suṁ rvoh· yo ruy’· E°· thuiV rājakumāR maÑ su paY

⟨33⟩ ma yā°· sā Iya kū pu rhā Ā riY soN ruy’· E°· Iy°· sei-

⟨34⟩ °· min’· E°· IY ṅā Amho°· kā sarvvañutañā-

⟨35⟩ ṇ· prajñā ra Am’· sū AkroṄ phlaC ciy’· teh· ṅa

⟨36⟩ noṄ Ā ṅa sā laÑ goṄ ṅa mliY laÑ goṄ ṅa Achu-

⟨37⟩ Y laÑ goṄ sū taC thū laÑ goṄ IY pu rhā

⟨38⟩ Ā ṅā lhū kha su kyoN AnhiP AcaK teh· mū mu

⟨39⟩ kā Arimittiryā pu rhā skhaṄ Aphū ra ciY =

Part Pali

⟨1⟩ śrī buddhādikaṁ vatthuvaraṁ namitvā puññaṁ kataṁ yaṁ jinasā-

⟨2⟩ sanasmiṁAnādikaṁ rājakumāranāmadheyyena vakkhā-

⟨3⟩ mi sunātha me taṁ nibbānā lokanāthassa aṭṭhavī-

⟨4⟩ sādhike gate sahasse pana vassānaṁ chasate cāpare ta-

⟨5⟩ thā Arimaddananāmasmi pure Āsi mahabbalo rājā

⟨6⟩ tibhuvanādicco Udiccādiccavaṁsajo tassāse-

⟨7⟩ kā piyā devi sā tilokavataṁsakā hi-

⟨8⟩ tesī kusalā sabbakiccesu pana rājino ta-

⟨9⟩ ssāseko suto rājakumāro nāma nāma-

⟨10⟩ to Amacco rājakiccesu byāvato satimā

⟨11⟩ vidū Adā gāmattayaṁ tassā deviyā so ma-

⟨12⟩ hipati pasanno sabbadā dāsaparibhogena bhuñjituṁ

⟨13⟩ Aniccatāvasaṁ tassā gatāya pana deviyā rā-

⟨14⟩ ja rājakumārassa Adā gāmattaya puna aṭṭhavīsa-

⟨15⟩ ti vassāni rajjaṁ dhammena kāriya māranantikarogassa

⟨16⟩ vasaṁ patte narādhipe saranto dhammarājassa mahantaṁ gu-

⟨17⟩ ṇasañcayaṁ kāretvā satthuno bimbaṁ sabbasovaṇṇa-

⟨18⟩ yaṁ subhaṁ gahetvā taṁ mahantena sakkārena sumānaso

⟨19⟩ Upasaṅkamma rājānaṁ Āha cintitam Attano bhāgaṁ katvā-

⟨20⟩ nidaṁ satthubimbaṁ sovaṇṇayaṁ subhaṁ Akāsiṁ vo va-

⟨21⟩ raṁ puññaṁ sāmi tumhe numodatha gāmattayaṁ pi vo

⟨22⟩ sāmi pubbe dinnan tu me Ahaṁ Imasseva munindassa demi ta-

⟨23⟩ ñ cānumodatha Evaṁ vutte mahīpālo roge-

⟨24⟩ nāturamānaso sādhu sādhu ti vatvāna tuṭṭhahattho

⟨25⟩ pamodito dayāparo mahāthero thero muggali-

⟨26⟩ puttako sumedhatta sumedho ti laddhanāmo ca paṇḍito

⟨27⟩ brahmapālo tathā brahmadevo sampannasīlavā sono

⟨28⟩ bahussuto saṁghasenavho varapaṇḍito Etesaṁ pa-

⟨29⟩ na bhikkhūnaṁ saṁmukhā so sumānaso jalaṁ pātesi katvāna sa-

⟨30⟩ kkhin tu vasudhātalaṁ tato so taṁ mahāmacco bimbaṁ sova-

⟨31⟩ ṇṇayaṁ subhaṁ patiṭṭhāpiya kāresi guhaṁ kañcanathūpikaṁ

⟨32⟩ katvāna maṅgalaṁ buddhapatimāya guhāya ca Akāsevaṁ paṇī-

⟨33⟩ dhānaṁ nibbinno bhavasaṅkate karontena mayā Etaṁ yaṁ pu-

⟨34⟩ ññaṁ taṁ samācitaṁ hotu sabbaññutañāṇapativedhā-

⟨35⟩ ya paccayo yattakā tu mayā dāsā gāmattayanivā-

⟨36⟩ sino dinnā guhāya sovaṇṇapatimāya mahesi-

⟨37⟩ no putto me vā paputto vā Añño vā pana ñā-

⟨38⟩ tako yo kocipāpasaṁkappo naro Assaddha-

⟨39⟩ mānaso kareyyupadduvaṁ tesaṁ dāsānaṁ so narādhamo

⟨40⟩ metteyyadipadindassa dassanaṁ nāthigacchatū

⟨41⟩ ti

Part Old Mon

⟨1⟩ śrī namo buddhāya śrī sās kyeK buddha tirley

⟨2⟩ kuli ĀR moY lṅiM turov klaM ḅāR cvas diñcāM cnām

⟨3⟩ tuY ḍe(Y) (ḍu)[A]rimaddanapuR vo’· smiṄ śrī tribhuvanādi-

⟨4⟩ tyadhammarāj das· gna kyeK smiṄ goḥh· moY tri-

⟨5⟩ lokavaṭaṁsakādevī Imo’· koN gna kyeK goḥ-

⟨6⟩ h· rājakumāR Imo’· smiṄ goḥh· kiL ḍiK pi tvā-

⟨7⟩ Ñ ku gna kyeK goḥh· kāL gna kyeK goḥh· cuti

⟨8⟩ ĀR A’uT kiryā gna kyeK goḥ ku ḍiK pi tvāÑ goḥ

⟨9⟩ smiṄ tuN kiL ku koN gna kyeK ma Imo’· rājaku-

⟨10⟩ mār goḥ smiṄ goḥh· kmiN ḅāR cvas· diñcāM cnāM tuY goḥ

⟨11⟩ ()L smiṄ goḥ ’jeY ñaN scuti koN gna kyeK ma I-

⟨12⟩ mo’· rājakumāR goḥ (m)irnās· guṇ· ma smiṄ IñciM

⟨13⟩ jirku kin(d)aṁ kyeK thaR moY ĀR tu()oK smiṄ mu-

⟨14⟩ nas· roV vo’· kyeK thaR vo’· EY diK pa raṁ-

⟨15⟩ po’ tirla ḍik pi tvāÑ ma tirla kiL ku EY goḥh·

⟨16⟩ eY diK kiL ku kyeK vo’· tirla Anumodanā da’·

⟨17⟩ kāL goḥ smiṄ sḍiK gaP pumas· thiC Ā thiC Ā smiṄ pa

⟨18⟩ sādhukāR kāL goḥh· tirla poy mhā(the)R ticā-

⟨19⟩ R muggaliputtat[i]ssattheR ticāR sumedhapaṇḍiT ti-

⟨20⟩ ()R brahmapāL ticāR brahmadiV ticāR soN

⟨21⟩ ticāR saṅghasenavarapaṇḍiT kinta tirla

⟨22⟩ ta goḥ smiṄ cuT ḍeK haN ti blaḥ goḥ koN gna kye-

⟨23⟩ K ma Imo’· rājakumāR goḥ keT kyeK thaR goḥ

⟨24⟩ thāpanā kandaṁ guoh· cloṄ thaR (v)o’· kāL busaC kye-

⟨25⟩ k guoh· vo’· koN gna kyeK goḥ keT saKmuna-

⟨26⟩ loR moY tvāÑ rapāy moY tvāÑ ñaḥh· [gir’u]-

⟨27⟩ (y) moY tvāÑ A’uT ḍiK pi tvāÑ goḥ cuT ḍe[K ku ]

⟨28⟩ kyeK thaR ma māpanā hiN goḥ vo’· rādhanā roV vo’·

⟨29⟩ sinraṄ E’· vo’· oR das· heT ku gvo’· sarvvañ[uta]

⟨30⟩ ñaṇ· koN EY laḥ coV EY laḥ ku[lo]

⟨31⟩ eY laḥ ñaḥ c’eṄ laḥ yaL pa X UpadroV ku ḍ[i]-

⟨32⟩ K ma EY kiL ku kyeK vo’· yaṄ ñiRñāC kye-

⟨33⟩ K treY metteY laḥ oR ḍeh· go’· ||0||

Part Pyu

⟨1⟩ 1 siri dathagaṃda ḅa doṃ ḅaṁḥ ḅiṁḥ pduṃ sgu daṃḥ ḅa tva 1000 (600)

⟨2⟩ 20 hraṁ O sniḥ ḅiṁḥ tvaṃṁḥ tha daṃṁ // yaṁ tiṁ priḥ rimadhanarbu O rmi ḅiṁḥ si //

⟨3⟩ sri tribhuvaṃnadiṃṁtya dhamaraja O rmi ḅiṁḥ si // O doṃḥ ḍaZ ḅaṁḥ O rvaṃḥ ma-

⟨4⟩ yaḥ triḍogavaṃdasaga deṃviṃ ḅiṁḥ si O rmi // pau O saḥ rajaguma ḅiṁḥ

⟨5⟩ si O rmi // O vaṁ traḥ kra nhoḥ ḅiṁḥ paṁḥ toḥZ // po ḅaṁḥ ma yaḥ ḅiṁḥ hi ta daṃṁ

⟨6⟩ ma(ya)ḥ O dra traḥ kra hoḥ ḅiṁḥ paṁḥ tḅaḥ ḅaṁḥ ma yaḥ O saḥ rajaguma O vaṁ //

⟨7⟩ pau ḅaṁḥ tdaṃḥ sniḥ (ns)u hraṁ biṁḥ ta daṃṁ // ḅiṁḥ sriḥ ḅiṁḥ hniṁḥ hḍiṁḥ hi O mtu duṃ

⟨8⟩ roḥ // po ḅaṁḥ ma yaḥ O saḥ rajaguma ḅiṁḥ si O rmi // O diṃṁ

⟨9⟩ ḅiṁḥ mtau ma pau tdaṃḥ to O kḍeḥ troḥ diṃṁ ḅiṁḥ mdauṃ haḥ ḍaḥ daṃṁ // pau ḅaṁḥ

⟨10⟩ ḅudha O chaḥ bo bradima tha (tlu) ḅiṁḥ se kyaḥ // pau ḅaṁḥ ḅudha biṁḥ tuḥ

⟨11⟩ thmuḥ ḍoḥ yaṁ na ḅi(ṁḥ) tdiṃḥ toḥZ // yaṁ ḅaṁḥ ḅudha tha ḅaṁḥ raḥ saḥ biṁḥ

⟨12⟩ se ma ḅuḥ ḅaṁḥ O vaṁ paṁḥ ce choḥZ // yaṁ traḥ kra hoḥ ḅiṁḥ paṁḥ

⟨13⟩ ma ḅuḥ // yaṁ baṁḥ hra tha O vaṁ paṁḥ cheZ // pau ḍoḥ baṁḥ tdaṃḥ ḅiṁḥ kiṁ

⟨14⟩ pha daṃṁ ḅiṁḥ ṅa ha pra choḥ ha pra choḥ ḅiṁḥ si // pau O doṃḥ traḥ ḅaṁḥ

⟨15⟩ mahaṭhe /traḥ ḅaṁḥ mugaṃḍubudadisaṭhe /traḥ ḅaṁḥ ⟪su⟫medhabadiṃṁ

⟨16⟩ / traḥ ḅaṁḥ vrahmaba /traḥ ḅaṁḥ vradaṃyoḥ /tra() ḅaṁḥ su /traḥ ḅaṁḥ

⟨17⟩ sagaṃsivaṃrabadiṃṁ // pau traḥ ḅaṁḥ sagha tvo O hṅa diṁ duṃ tdaṃḥ

⟨18⟩ tu ḅaṁḥ ḅiṁḥ cha toḥ tduṃ // pau ḅiṁḥ ta daṃṁ ma yaḥ O sa() raja-

⟨19⟩ guma ḅiṁḥ si O rmi ma (//) ḅiṁḥ stabana (b)udha tha ḅi[]ḥ se goṃ O stau tha ḅi[ṁḥ]

⟨20⟩ ta daṃṁ // pau goṃ O hḍ(o) ḅiṁḥ saṁḥ (r)oḥ // (sa)manarḍo() kra taṁ /ra bai kra (ta)(/ j)i()

⟨21⟩ vuḥ kra taṁ // yaṁ traḥ kra hoḥ diṃṁ ḅiṁḥ diṃṁ daṃṁ // yaṁ ḅaṁḥ ma yaḥ […][**]

⟨22⟩ rajaguma yaṁ goṃ ḅu(dha) O vaṁ tduṃ ḅiṁḥ chai ta daṃṁ // yaṁ na ḅiṁḥ diṃṁ ch(o) […][**]

⟨23⟩ ma gaṁḥ pra ḅuḥ saveñudeña breña ḅiṁḥ ḅiṁḥ paṁḥ che naḥ tiṁ pḍaṁḥ paZ //

⟨24⟩ yaṁ tra tiṁ mtu knaṁḥ duṃ gi saḥ ḍa /gi pli la gi sruḥ ḍaZ mra ja hṅa ḍa yaṁ

⟨25⟩ […][*] (dha) O vaṁ gaṁḥ hḍiṁḥ toḥ ma diṃṁ /ga hñiṁ chi ga bro pdaṃ ma taḥ ṅuḥ ḅuḥ //

⟨26⟩ yaṁ baṁḥ ḅudha Arimedeyaṃ daṃṁ ḅaḥ diṃ chiṁḥ tiṁ tmu ma paṁḥ che choḥ //Z

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ sguKrech’s reading based on B-face.

⟨2⟩ One could perhaps alternatively read <rmi>. Cf. PYU 16, l. 2d, and our note. But the vowel diacritic used here and throughout in 7-8 corresponds to one of the forms of <-ī> seen in Nagarjunakonda inscription.

⟨3⟩ ḍaZKrech: <la> (with horizontal stroke above); Blagden also reads <ḍa> but in note recognizes the possibility of <ḷa>, ignoring the superscript line.⟨3⟩ rvaṃḥBlagden: <voṃḥ>, but unsure of the vowel; Krech: <vaṃṁḥ>, after due consideration of Blagden’s <voṃḥ>. There is possibly a subscript consonant below the syllable here in A.

⟨1⟩ pduṃpdūṃ Blagden 1911; pdūṃ Blagden1919; pdavṃ Krech. — ⟨1⟩ sgu¡sgu!sguṃ Krech. — ⟨1⟩ tvatav Krech. — ⟨1⟩ 1000 Blagden 1911; M Blagden1919; thav Krech. — ⟨1⟩ (600)jha Blagden 1911; hña Blagden 1911; jhña Blagden 1911; DC Blagden1919; sāv Krech; sā vu Krech.

⟨2⟩ 20e Blagden 1911; XX Blagden1919; tha Krech. — ⟨2⟩ rimadhanarburimadhanabū Blagden 1911; rimadhanabū Blagden1919; rimadhanaRbav Krech. — ⟨2⟩ rmi Blagden 1911; mi Blagden1919; mi Krech.

⟨3⟩ tribhuvaṃnadiṃṁtyatribhuvaṃnadiṁtya Krech. — ⟨3⟩ rmi Blagden 1911; mi Blagden1919; mi Krech. — ⟨3⟩ ḍaZḍa Blagden 1911; ḍa Blagden1919; ḷa Blagden1919; la Krech. — ⟨3⟩ rvaṃḥvoṃḥ Blagden 1911; voṃḥ Blagden1919; vaṃṁḥ Krech.

⟨4⟩ triḍogavaṃdasagatriḷogavadasaga Blagden1919. — ⟨4⟩ rmimi Blagden1919. — ⟨4⟩ pauḍhau Blagden1919; ḍhau Krech.

⟨5⟩ rmimi Blagden1919. — ⟨5⟩ kraO Blagden1919. — ⟨5⟩ nhoḥhoḥ Blagden1919; hoḥ Krech. — ⟨5⟩ poḍhau Blagden1919; ḍhau Krech.

⟨6⟩ dratra Blagden1919. — ⟨6⟩ kraO Blagden1919.

⟨7⟩ pauḍhau Blagden1919. — ⟨7⟩ (ns)utpū Blagden1919. — ⟨7⟩ ḅiṁḥḅiḥ Blagden1919. — ⟨7⟩ hḍiṁḥhḷiḥ Blagden1919.

⟨8⟩ poḍhau Blagden1919. — ⟨8⟩ rmimi Blagden1919.

⟨9⟩ mtau⟨9⟩ pauḍhau Blagden1919; ḍhau Krech. — ⟨9⟩ totoṃ Krech. — ⟨9⟩ kḍeḥḷoḥ Blagden1919; kḷeḥ Krech.

Translation

Quadrilingual text. Records building of a shrine by Prince Rājakumāra, son of Kyanzittha <kyan cac sāḥ>, and dedication of three villages and slaves thereto.

Commentary

Blagden reads our <O> as <U>; Krech reads it as< ʔa>.

For phonological symmetry (and to eliminate the long vowel <ū>), Krech reads Blagden’s long <ū> as <av> (and <-va> as <av>?). We read short u for <ū> in these words.

Problem of Blagden’s <ḷ>, which we provisionally read as <ḍ.>

A = A pillar (7); B = B pillar (8).

Z = superscript slanted stroke not found in any other Pyu texts.

Two types of punctuation sign: plain daṇḍa (/) and ra-shaped daṇḍa (|).

1. sgu: sguṃ B; Krech chose sguṃ for his composite text.

1. Blagden, following Cœdès’ suggestion (review in BEFEO 1911, pp. 435–6), identified the last three akṣaras of line 1 and the first of line 2 as Indian symbols for 1000, 600 and 20 respectively. Cœdès included hraṁ as a symbol for 8, but Blagden, citing the presence of anusvāra and likely TB cognates, argued otherwise. On the old system of additive/multiplicative number signs used here, see Salomon 1998: 56–60. Luce (PPPB I, 140–2), in reference to his plates 35 and 36 showing such signs engraved on Pyu bricks, discusses, at some length, the non place-value number signs found in Pyu inscribed materials, and starts with those at the end of lines 1 of 007/8. He correctly represents the sign for 600 as consisting of a sign for 100 with a small appendix dangling from the lower right of the basic 100 sign: this appendix is currently lost by damage in 007, but faintly visible on RTI in the case of 8. Although he correctly reads 600, Cœdès rather gravely misrepresents how this sign is composed: ‘On ne peut pas tirer grand chose du groupe très ruiné qui termine la première ligne et qui correspond à 600: M. Blagden propose de lire jha, hña ou jhña ; j’y verrais plutôt st plus une voyelle, groupe servant justement à représenter les centaines à partie de 300 (Kielhorn, Report [on a the Search for Sanskrit MSS. in the Bombay Presidency], 1880/1881, p. VIII et suiv.).’ Clear instances of 600 as composed of recognizable signs for 100 and 6 can be found in the Kusuma inscription from Rajasthan in India (Epigraphia Indica 36, 1965–66: 47–9) of a year 693, with date is expressed as 600 90 3 in the last line. (If the era intended here is the so-called Vikrama era, as has been assumed, the inscription dates to ca. 635/6 CE.). Further instances were pointed out to us by Seishi Karashima in the folio numbering of Sanskrit manuscript found at Dunhuang but probably copied in the Kashmir area, now held at the British Library (IOL San 1492/59 and 1492/61, transliteration pubished by S. Karashima et al. in British Library Sanskrit Fragments III.2, pp. 786f. and 793f., 2015). Here we see the numbers 613 and 676 (expressed as 600 10 3 and 600 70 6) in the margins. While the inscription from Rajasthan shows 600 clearly decomposable into linear elements 100 and 6, the manuscript specimens show the 100 and 6 elements merged vertically. As apparently understood by Luce, this is is also what has happened with our 600 signs in 007/8: the shape of element 6 in this case is roughly the same as that shown in Luce’s chart Z in PPPB ItI.

2. hraṁ: hraTṁ B.

2. sniḥ: sniṄḥ B.

2. tvaṃṁḥ: tvaNṃṁḥ B.

2. daṃṁ: daṄṃṁ B.

2. // yaṁ: B omits punctuation.

2. priḥ: priṄḥ B.

2. rimadhanarbu: rimadhaNnarbu B

2. mī: mi[Ṅ] B. One could perhaps alternatively read rmi. Cf. PYU 16, l. 2d, and our note. But the vowel diacritic used here and throughout in 7-8 corresponds to one of the forms of -ī seen in Nagarjunakonda inscription.

3. tribhuvaṃnadiṃṁtya: tribhuvaṃnadiTṃṁtya B; tribhuvaṃnadiṁtya K.

3. dhamaraja: dhaMmaraja B.

3. mī: mīṄ B.

3. doṃḥ: doNṃḥ B.

3. rvaṃḥ: rvaNṃḥ B.

Bibliography

. Tbe quadrilingual inscription was first mentioned by Beylié1907a; that work includes an estampage of the Pali and Pyu faces (“texte en langue inconnue”). Blagden 1911, p. (A) is a detailed study of the Pyu face, with estampages, a complete transliteration and translation, notes on where the A pillar and the B pillar diverge, a glossary and analysis of script and language. Duroiselle-TawSeinKo1919 makes some changes to his transliteration and provides a better glossary. Blagden’s work provides the basis for Shafer 1943, pp. 320–37,340–44, 357–63 linguistic study of the text (that leans heavily on comparison with the Pali face) and which culminates in a new transliteration, word-for-word glosses and a full translation. Tha Myat [sā mrat] 1963, pp. 53–61 includes his own transliteration (in Burmese script) and an English translation. Luce, in Luce 1985, pp. I, 62–4, 74 n. 15, provides a brief overview. Krech2012 is a complete re-reading of the Pyu face, with epigraphical and linguistic analysis, but with some odd readings and phonological re-interpretations. Re-edited here from published photographs and our team’s RTIs.

Primary

Griffiths, Arlo, Marc Miyake and Julian K. Wheatley. 2018–03–26. “Corpus of Pyu inscriptions.” Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1207290. [URL]. Item DHARMA_INSPYU00007.

Secondary

Tun Aung Chain. 2003. “The kings of the Hpayahtaung urn inscription.” MHRJ 11, pp. 1–14. Pages 7–8.

Sein Win [cin vaṅḥ]. 2016. pyū akkharā cā pe poṅḥ khyup [A collection of writings in the Pyu alphabet]. Vol. 1. Yangon: rheḥ hoṅḥ su te sa na nhaṅ. amyuiḥ sāḥ pra tuik ūḥ sīḥ ṭhāna, yañ kyeḥ mhu van krīḥ ṭhāna [Department of Archaeology and National Museum, Ministry of Culture]. Pages 166–73.