Alasantan

(1r1) Homage be to the six Vināyakas!

(1r1–1r4) Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 861, month of Bhadrapada, fifth tithi of the waning fortnight, Vās, Pahiṅ, Friday, lunar mansion Aśvinī, deity Aśvī, conjunction Viṣkambha. That was the time that the decree of the Great King, rakai Halu, dyah Siṇḍok Śrī Īśānavikrama, received by the rakryān minister of Halu, dyah Sahasra, descended to the official of Kanuruhan, pu Udā, instructing with regard to the varuk land¹ at Ālasantan, district of Bavaṅ Mapapan, that it be made the freehold of (or: that it be made into a freehold by) the rakryān kabayān, mother of rakryān minister of Halu, dyah Sahasra. Its total: 13 tampah, apart from the housing-premises [and] orchards, the price for them being 12 kāṭi (of gold). The headmen of Ālasantan together with the inhabitants of the village sold the land.

(1r4–1r8) Enumeration of the headmen receiving gold:²

vinəkas

the elder Vantil, Pastī, Sukhamī, the teacher Dr̥vyak, Kaḍaṅayan, Suji, Rambay, Jikən, Lubhī

market seller

Maṇḍarah

gusti

Aṅkat

scribes

Tambi, Bhr̥tyah, Bharalī, Duvəg, Baryuṅ, Tuṅgəṅ, Vulakan, Popoṅ

herald

Mañciṅ

foresters

Varakas, Kabat, Bahu, Khyāti, Suraṅgaṇā, Telā, Puluh, Bhujī, Saṇḍak

vakulan

Mandon

maṇḍal

Lālaṅ

akajar

Kumīs, Ḍampal, Kuhal, Capil

variga

Kālih Bakacak, Busta, Saṅlā

tuha vərəh

Dayī, Cabil

Such was the total of the headmen receiving gold.

(1r8–1r14) The purpose of the land being made a freehold was to become a paṅurumbigyan freehold³ of the rakryān kabayān. Its status would be independent. It should not be entered as before by the patihs, the vahutas, the headmen, and all types of collectors of royal revenues: various miśras, various types of vulu, paṅuraṅ, kriṅ, paḍam, manimpiki, paraṇakan, limus galuh, paṅaruhan, taji, vatu tajam, sukun, halu varak, rakadut, pinilai, kataṅgaran, tapa haji, air haji, malandaṅ, ləca, ləblab, kalaṅkaṅ, kutak, taṅkil, tr̥pan, salvīt, vatu valaṅ, pamaṇikan, sikpān, rumbān, tiṅkəs, viji kavaḥ, vilaṅ vanua, tuha dagaṅ, juru guśali, tuhān nambi, tuhān huñjaman, juru juḍi, juru jalir, miśra hino, vli hapū, vli vaduṅ, vli tambaṅ, vli pañjut, vli harəṅ, pabisar, palamak, pakaluṅkuṅ, urutan, dampulan, tpuṅ kavuṅ, suṅsuṅ paṅuraṅ, forest dwellers (pasuk alas), payuṅan, pāṅin-aṅin, sipad bilut, puluṅ paḍi, skar tahun, panrāṅan, panusuh, hopan, mahouts (pahaliman), eunuchs (kḍi), healers (valyan), actors (vidu), sambal, sumbul, royal servants (hulun haji), pamr̥ṣi, sinaguha, the courtiers (vatak i jro), etc., shall not enter into the paṅurumbigyan freehold of the varuk land at Ālasantan. Only the rakryān founder of the freehold herself shall have authority over all its royal revenues.

(1r14–1r16) Likewise the [payments for] “harms and compensations” (sukha-duḥkha), such as:⁴

mayaṅ tan pavvah

areca flower that does not bear fruit

valū rumambat riṅ natar

gourd that grows along the ground

vipati

fatal accident

vaṅkay kābunan

bedewed corpse

rāh kasavur iṅ dalan

blood scattered on the street

vākcapala

verbal assault

hastacapala

physical assault

dūhilatan

accusing

hidu kasirat

spitting

mamijillākan turahniṅ kikir

producing the trace of a file

mamūk

running amok

mamumpaṅ

rape

lūdan

?

tūtan

?

ḍaṇḍa kuḍaṇḍa

physical abuse

bhaṇḍihāla

?

etc.

The rakryān founder of the freehold shall be the beneficiary of all its royal revenues.

(1r16–2r1) As for those who

mañambul

paint black

mañavriṅ

make muslin

maṅlākha

dye red

maṅapus

twist ropes

maṅubar

dye red

matarub

make sheds

maṅgula

make sugar

maṅdyūn

make pots

manūla vuṅkudu

stake mengkudu root

maṅluruṅ

make castor-oil

mapahaṅan

dye with pahaṅan

magavai ruṅki, payuṅ vəlū

make baskets, round (?) parasols

mopih

work upih

akajaṅ

make awnings

akisī

make basket works

mamubut

produce turnery

maṅanam-anam

make plait

manavaṅ

catch in nets

manahəb mamisaṇḍuṅ manuk

catch or snare birds

makala-kalā

?

lOnly the rakryān founder of the freehold herself shall have authority over all its royal revenues.

(2r1–2r7) Likewise the numbers of those who engage in trade while present there are restricted: those not to be subjected to the collectors of royal revenue are four tradesmen of the same trade per freehold. If they buy buffaloes, the quota of buffaloes is 20 per tradesman; 40 cows per tradesman; 80 sheep per tradesman; one coop of ducks per tradesman; silver-smiths, four masters; wagoners, four yokes; drum [players], three places to perform; carpenters, two tradesman; goldsmiths, two smithies; coppersmiths, two smithies; ironsmiths, two smithies; cadar (cloth) makers, eight cadar making places. If their wares are carried by shoulder-pole — such as cloth vendors, tinkers (vendors of copper utensils), condiment sellers, kacapuri makers, transporters of cotton, mengkudu, iron, copper, bronze, tin, block salt, sesame, uncooked rice, sugar, safflower (seeds?) — all types of wares that are carried by shoulder-pole: altogether there may be five shoulder-pole bundles per tradesman. What is up to that limit will not be subjected to the collectors of royal revenue, wherever [those traders] might go, whatever may be their country (of origin). However, they should keep the present document. If [their trade] is more than the limit [imposed] on them, they will be subjected (to levies) by the collectors of all royal shares (sa-uddhāra haji) proportionally to the excess [but taxation of the excess] should not be disproportional (tan adhikāna).⁵

(2r7–3r14) At that time the rakryān kabayān, mother of rakryān minister of Halu, dyah Sahasra, offered gifts:

• to the Great King: 5 suvarṇas, 1 pair of vḍihan gañjar haji (royal reward cloth)
• to the Hino: 2 suvarṇas, 8 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan jaro haji
• [to] the rakryān minister of Halu, dyah Sahasra: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the rakryān Vka, dyah Bālīśvara: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the rakryān Sirikan, pu Balyaṅ: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the official of Kanuruhan, pu Udā: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the Tiruan, ḍapunta Taritip: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the Vadihati, pu Dinakara: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the Akudur, pu Tunaṅ: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the Maṅhuri, pu Paṇḍamuan: 10 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the Halaran, pu Bhā: 10 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the Paku Bāṅ, ra Limus: 10 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the Vadiṅin, pu Tīkṣṇa: 10 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the 2 masters of Vadihati, (namely) the Mira-Mirah, saṅ Sudānta [and] the Halaran, saṅ Ləbur Poh: 10 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan, per person
• the 2 masters of Makudur, (namely)Təpusən [and] Ulahan: 5 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the Paṅuraṅ of Vadihati, saṅ ra Vuṅū, watching over saṅ Deva: 5 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the Paṅuraṅ of Makudur, saṅ ra Kəvəl, watching over saṅ Baruṇa: 5 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the headmanship of Vadihati, old and young: 10 māṣas
• the headmanship of Makudur, old and young: 10 māṣas
• the holy Kudur: 10 māṣas, 1 set of vḍihan
• all the masters of the Secretariat (pakaraṇān):⁶
  • the supervisor of the nāyaka-ship of the Great King, pu Kuṇḍū
  • the supervisor of junior troops, pu Siriṅ
  • the supervisor of servants, pu Tapa
  • the Kaṇḍamuhi, master Nārāyaṇa
  • the calligrapher, saṅ Nidhi;
  • the herald of Halu Visāga, ḍapunta Basu; of Vka Viridih, ḍapunta Niścaya; of Paṅkaja: ḍapunta Govinda; of Kanuruhan, saṅ ra Mase; of Tiruan Sumuḍan, saṅ Brahmaśiva
  collectively 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas.
• calligraphers to the Great King:
  • Lakṣaṇa
  • Baḍiva
  • Kīrti
  4 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• both patih jurus, the vaśah [called] saṅ Śabda, the kuci [called] saṅ Makāra: 5 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan, per person
• the heralds of the patih vaśah [and of] the piṅsor hyaṅ [called] saṅ Pakudān: 2 māṣas, 2 kupaṅs, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the heralds of the patih kuci [and of] the pasəkaran [called] saṅ Caitya: 2 māṣas, 2 kupaṅs, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the rakryān of Bavaṅ Mapapan, dyah Gula: 2 suvarṇas, 8 māṣas, 1 set of vḍihan
• the foreman of Bavaṅ, dyah Malva [and] the guardian of the rakryān of Bavaṅ, pu Bukəṅ: 10 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the rakryān vulat patih, dyah Ḍohol, was given 1 sheet of vḍihan jaro haji
• the official of Sijana, pu Pujut [was given] 1 sheet of vḍihan sə̄ṅ rāh (“Sparkling Blood Cloth”)
• the [one of] Təasan (i.e., Tyasan), dyah Toloboṅ, [who was] also (atəhər) the patih ready to carry out the clearing (of wood and underbrush) at Bavaṅ, was given as gifts: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the official of Muṅgaṅ, pu Maṅubər, village of Muṅgaṅ, foreman of the group of nāyaka-ship at Halu: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• the kakaran, [called] pu Munda: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• dyah Ghoṣa, teaming up with (? amasaṅakan i)⁷ the rakryān of Bavaṅ Mapapan, dyah Gula: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• dyah Pataləsan, district of Halu, village of Tumurun: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• saṅ Jula, partaya of Air Banua, village of Virikan: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• saṅ Praśānta, foreman of servants at Kanuruhan, village of Taṅunan: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• the 2 patihs, dyah Bajra [and] dyah Kumo: 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the patih, ready to carry out the clearing (of wood and underbrush) at Paḍaṅ [and] Paṅkaja, [called] saṅ Baruṇa: 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the patih of Ləmah Tulis, [called] saṅ Kilipan: 2 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• Tumpuk: 1 māṣa, 1 sheet of vḍihan
• Dəan (i.e., Dyan) Kāma, patih of Paḍaṅ: 2 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan
• Rāvaṇa: 1 māṣa, 1 sheet of vḍihan
• Bikər, Hujuṅ, Juṅhur, Dəmə, Gacəm: 2 kupaṅs, 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the helper of the patih of Ləmah Tulis, ready to carry out the clearing (of wood and underbrush): 1 sheet of vḍihan
• Candra, Bhanū, Bakaṭəl, Ḍaluṅ: 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the patih of Bavaṅ [called] Manujendra: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• his two children were each given 2 kupaṅs
• the vahutas of Mapapan, ready to carry out the clearing (of wood and underbrush), [called] Caitra, Urak [and] Arja: collectively 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas; indvidually, 1 set of vḍihan;
• the vahutas of Mapapan [called] Bandhu, father of Rakā, Burəṅ, Kuñjar, Paradhīpa, Baliba, Śrayisinta, Tahimbək; the heralds: Jaluk, Sūṅan, Kulumā, Baracah, Maṅḍampak; the vinəkases: Surupī, Dhara: collectively 7 suvarṇas; individually 1 sheet of vḍihan
• the vahuta of Pagəruyuṅ, ready to carry out the clearing (of wood and underbrush), [called] Bayad: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan
• the vahuta of Vəsi-vəsi, ready to carry out the clearing (of wood and underbrush), [called] Baiśākha: 1 suvarṇa, 4 māṣas, 1 pair of vḍihan;
• the headmen (rāma) of Ālasantan [namely] Dr̥vyak, Rambay, Sukhamī [and] Cleṅ were given 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person [and] 1 suvarṇa collectively
• the headmen of Ləmah Tulis, [namely] the venerable Śikha, Pahəh, Dhaneṣṭi, Kuludū [and] Bandī, were also given 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the headman of Səkar Bila [called] Pəgeṅ [and] the headman of Kabayān Maṅambah: 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the headman of Ləbuh [called] Runtiṅ, the kalaṅ [called] Susup: 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the headman of Paḍaṅan [called] Vudyaṅ [and] the supervisor of kalaṅs [called] Karuk: 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the headman of Tirim [called] Paṇḍai [and] the supervisor of kalaṅs [called] Manah: 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the headman of Lāpan [called] Rūpa [and] the supervisor of kalaṅs [called] Kūrma: 1 sheet of vḍihan, per person
• the headman of Vulu Taji [called] Kurul: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• the Vila at Ālasantan, [called] si Piluk: 1 sheet of vḍihan
• the Paṅuraṅ [called] Balun: 1 māṣa
• the Kriṅ [called] Landəp: 1 māṣa
• the Makudur who will move forward to demarcate, [called] Ḍaṇḍər: 10 māṣas, 1 set of vḍihan, together with gifts, [i.e.] equiped with offerings
• the Vadihati who will move forward to demarcate, [called] Harava: 10 māṣas, 1 set of vḍihan, together with gifts, [i.e.] equiped with offerings

(3r14–3r17) After giving the gifts and the vḍihan to all of them, the offerings for the Makudur were placed below the canopy. The one serving as mendicant poured water to purify the “heart” for piercing and the kulumpaṅ stone. The Makudur arose to offer salutation to the holy “heart” and sat down below the canopy, having his feet as support (i.e., he knelt), facing the holy “heart”, wearing as siṅhəl 1 pair of vḍihan. The Vadihati followed. The Makudur began to uyut [and] cleaved the neck of the chicken, using the kulumpaṅ-stone as underlay, and bashed an egg on the sīma stone, pronouncing an admonition and swearing an oath to all those whom they traditionally admonish so that the holy freehold will be respected:

(3r17–4r10) “Pay heed you gods at Śrī Haricandana, Great Seer Agasti,

• East, South, West, North, Center, Zenith, Nadir
• Sun, Moon, Earth, Water, Wind, Fire, Yajamāna, Ether
• Dharma, Day and Night, Twilight, Heart
• Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, Piśācas, Pretas, Asuras, Garuḍa, Gandharvas
• Four Lokapālas: Yama, Varuṇa, Kubera, Vāsava (i.e., Indra)
• And sons of the gods: Five Kuśikas, Nandīśvara, Mahākāla, Six Vināyakas, Snake-Kings, goddess Durgā
• Quadrangular (Aśvins?), Endless (Ananta), Surendra
• children of the gods Kāla and Mr̥tyu: Gaṇas and Bhūtas
• you well-known ones who protect the palace of the Great King at Mḍaṅ in the land of Matarām
• you who take part in embodying, entering in all bodies
• you all who as witnesses watch far and near, by day and by night, while you listen to the pledge, the sworn oath (śapatha sumpah), the admonition of us to all you gods!

If the bad man does not hold firm, does not keep that oath being submitted by the Vahuta Hyaṅ Kudur, lord and servant, old and young, man and female, mendicant and householder, as well as patihs, vahutas and headmen — whoever disturbs the varuk land at Ālasantan as a paṅurumbigyan freehold granted by the Great King to the rakryān kabayān, mother of the rakryān Minister of Halu [called] dyah Sahasra, up to the future’s future may he split asunder! All the more so if he shall uproot the holy sīma stone. Therefore, even if he must be killed by you, o gods, your approach when you kill him should be without looking back, not looking to the side, clash with the opponent, slap his left side, attack anew his right side, cut down his snout, split his skull, rip open his belly, stretch out his intestines, draw out his entrails, tear out his liver, without delay finish off, bring to an end his life. If he goes to the forest, may he be eaten up by the tiger, bitten by the snake, whirled round and round by divine wrath! If he goes to the field, may he be caught by thunderclap, may his head be torn off by demons, may he be eaten by the Pamuṅvan giants! Unceasingly in his home all diseases torment him! Please you gods Kuśika, Garga, Metrī, Kuruṣya and Pātañjala, guardian of the North, guardian of the South, of the West, of the East, throw [him] in the air, tear [him] asunder (?) among all gods, throw [him] into the great ocean, drown [him] at the dam! May he be caught by the holy gods in the water! May he be pulled by sea-monsters! May he be snatched by the crocodile! May it be there that he dies, the lawless man who dissolves the paṅurumbigyan freehold at Ālasantan. May he suffer misfortune among all ancestors (devata)! May he go to ruins, may be engulfed in the Phīra! May he reach the hells! May he be dropped in the Great Raurava! May he be cooked by the forces of Yama! May he be hammered no less than seven times by the Kiṅkaras (servants of Yama)! When he is given shape, it will only be a bad one. He will suffer as long as he lives! May all types of pain be experienced by him! May all sorts of pain be undergone by him! Every detestable thing among born creatures is what he will become! May he rot without finding rest! Leave behind fanned ash! Thus will become the lawless man who dissolves the paṅurumbigyan freehold at Ālasantan!”

(4r11–4r20) After the Makudur had performed uyut, they all changed clothes. They all sat in the tkan pasək,⁸ following the order of those who are present in the capacity⁹ of patih, vahuta, headman of kabayān as well as headman of neighboring villages, temple managers (kulapati), puntas, seniors, juniors, men, women, inferior, intermediate and superior. No one was left behind in taking part in feasting (manaḍah) on the market place of Ālasantan:

• being regaled,
• being offered dressed-up rice (? skul dāndānan),
• being ladled (hinirusan):¹⁰
  • cooked foods (kəla-kəla),
  • snacks (ambil-ambil),
  • kasyan,
  • lit-lit,
  • tlu saraṇak,¹¹
  • roasted food (saṅa-saṅān),
  • banana core (haryas),
  • rumba-rumbah,
  • kuluban,
  • tetis,
  • tumpuk-tumpuk,
  • unsalted dried meat (ḍeṁ hañaṅ),
  • salted dried meat (ḍeṁ hasin),
  • cockup (fish),
  • shrimps (huraṅ),
  • bijañjan (fish),¹²
  • kaḍivas (fish),
  • kavan (fish),
  • laya-layar,
  • hala-hala,
  • eggs
• being relaxed with liquor,¹³ atak [and] milk

The total of containers (limas) per [banana] leaf was nine, apart from the fish.¹⁴ The number of buffaloes that were eaten is 3. The one was eaten agonistically (? praṅ paṅpaṅ) by the taṇḍa rakryān and the patihs, vahutas and headmen. The 2 were eaten collectively by the taṇḍa rakryān and the patihs, vahutas and headmen. 3 deer, 1 boar, 1 goose were eaten collectively. They drank sīdhu, tuak, kilaṅ three times each. They were fortified with tambul (“refreshments”)¹⁵ and given kuravu, dates, tamarind [and] dodol as desert (? inañjapan).¹⁶ Side by side, they took drinks,¹⁷ while offering unguents [and] flowers (? jənu səkar). The tuvuṅ player played. The Lord of Vulat Patih, the official of Sijana, the foremen of Halu, the patihs, the vahutas, the headmen rose to pay homage facing straight in the direction of the Great King and of the rakryān mapatih, prior to dancing. They danced to the crooked tuvuṅ [and] to the gaṇḍiṅ. After dancing, they sat down again. They were fortified with tambul and given drinks a second time each. They offered baṅlus (fish) while being given drinks again. Then they staged a cock-fight. They hired

• the tapuk performer called Kampəlan who was given 2 māṣas
• the jester called Paṅin-Aṅan [who was given] 1 sheet of vḍihan; [and] si Taratakan [who was given] 2 kupaṅs
• the actor called Vāhu who was given 2 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan

After watching the performances, they all went home. At night, the rakryān [mapatih ] hired a wayang [performer] called si Kapuluṅan who was given 2 māṣas, 1 sheet of vḍihan.

(4r19–4r20) Such were the proceedings of the demarcation of the paṅurumbigyan freehold at Ālasantan by the rakryān kabayān. May it be known to all good people that the holy freehold is irrevocable.

(4r20) The plates were engraved by saṅ Kīrti, calligrapher to the Great King.