Tumain Stone Inscription of Harideva and Brothers
Version: (3083d2d), last modified (c200993).
Edition
⟨1⟩ [*************************] [jayati?] [⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑–⏓] [⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑–⏓] [⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–] (ri)r yyasya loka-ttrayānte| caraṇa-kamalam a(n)tyaṁ vandy¿e?te siddhasa¿ṅ?haiḥ rājā śrī-candraguptas tad-anu jayati yo medinīṁ sāgarāntāM|
⟨2⟩ [––––⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑–⏓] [––––⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑–⏓] [––––⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑–⏓] śrī-candraguptasya mahendra-kalpaḥ kumāraguptas-tanayas-sama(gr)āM| rarakṣa sādhvīm iva dharmma-patnīM| vīryyāgra-hastair upaguhya bhūmiM|
⟨3⟩ [********************************************] [––⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [––⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑] (gā)gga-gauraḥ kṣity-ambare guṇa-samūha-ma(y)ūkha-jālo_ nāmnoditas sa tu ghaṭotkacagupta-candraḥ sa pūrvvajānāṁ sthira-sa¿tv?a-kīrttir bhujārjjitāṁ kīrttim abhiprapadya||
⟨4⟩ [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [********************************************] [guptānvayā?]nāṁ vasudheśvarāṇāM| samāśate ṣoḍaśavarṣayukte| kumāragupte nr̥patau p¿ri?thivyāM| virāj¿ā?māne śaradīva sūryye|| vaṭodake sādhu-janādhi(vā)[se]
⟨5⟩ [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–] taś śrīdeva Ity-ūrjjita-nāmadheyaḥ tad-agrajo bhūd dharideva-saṁjñas tato nujo yas tu sa dhanyadevaḥ tato varo yaś ca sa bhadradevas tataẖ kanīyān api saṅ¿h?adeva(ḥ)
⟨6⟩ [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑–] [.](ā)[.](ana)-sakta-cittāḥ samāna-(vr̥tt)ākr̥(t)i-(bhāva-dhīr?)āḥ kr̥(t)ālayās t(u)mbavane babhūvuḥ|| akārayaṁs te giri-ś¿ri?ṅga-tuṅgaṁ śaśi-[prabhaṁ] deva-(n)i[keta?]
⟨7⟩ [naṁ?] [*] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] […]
Bibliography
First noticed in Garde 1920. Edited in Garde 1941–1942. Summarised in Trivedi & Trivedi 2001, pp. 12–13 (No. 2).
Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh (2019, № IN00024). Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.
Secondary
Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna, Bahadur Chand Chhabra & Govind Swamirao Gai. 1981. Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings. Corpus inscriptionum indicarum 3, revised edition. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India. Item 20.
Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna. 1927–1936. A list of the inscriptions of northern India in Brahmi and its derivative scripts, from about 200 A. C.: Appendix to Epigraphia Indica and record of the Archaeological Survey of India, volumes XIX to XXIII. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India. [URL]. Item 1269.
Sircar, Dines Chandra. 1965. Select inscriptions bearing on Indian history and civilization. Volume I: from the sixth century B.C. to the sixth century A.D. 2nd edition revised and enlarged. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. Book III, item 23.
Agrawala, Prithvi Kumar. 1983. Imperial Gupta Epigraphs (गुप्ताधिराजलेखमण्डल). Ancient Indian Epigraphical Sources (प्रत्नाभिलेखसंहिता) 10, pt. 1 / 2. Varanasi: Books Asia, Distributed by Prithvi Prakashan. Item 23.
Goyal, Śrīrām. 1993. गुप्तकालीन अभिलेख/Guptakālīna Abhilekha (Inscriptions of the Gupta Age). Jodhpur: Kusumanjali Prakashan. Items 156-161.
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<title>Tumain Stone Inscription of Harideva and Brothers</title>
<title type="alt">Tumain Inscription of Kumāragupta, year 116; Tumain Inscription of Ghatotkacagupta</title>
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<change who="part:daba" when="2023-05-15" status="draft">Additional global changes for compatibility with DHARMA</change>
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<change who="part:daba" when="2020-08-04" status="draft">Initial import: harmonising file structure with DHARMA inscription template v02. Text and comments as inherited from the Siddham archive of January 2019, unless otherwise indicated (by a name and date in the comment). Comments are offered "as is" and do not represent a thoroughly considered or researched opinion.</change>
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<p><lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" precision="low" quantity="25" unit="character"/><!--
I assume there had been a brief introductory prose section, followed by the start of the first extant verse. Given that 3 sragdharā lines (63 syllables) are lost at the beginning of line 2, the number of characters lost at the beginning of each physical line must be 60+. We have 37 syllables of mālinī lost in line 1, hence my estimate of 25 charaters for the prose introduction.
--></p>
<lg n="1" met="mālinī">
<l n="a"><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">jayati</supplied> <seg met="---+++-++-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="12" unit="character"/></seg><!--
jayati at the beginning is my conjecture from tadanu jayati in v2; compare the Junagadh inscr of Skandagupta (IN00032), which also begins with a jaya verse in mālinī.
--></l>
<l n="b"><seg met="------+++-++-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="15" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="c"><seg met="------+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character"/></seg> <unclear>ri</unclear>r yyasya loka-ttrayānte|<!--
In the photo the first character does not look like ri, more like te or to.
--><!--
The verse-quarter ends with a punctuation mark, a single horizontal dash followed by space. We would not print a daṇḍa at the end of the third pāda, but compare the halanta m-s (implying hiatus and topped with a similar dash) at the ends of all quarters of v3.
--></l>
<l n="d">caraṇa-kamalam a<unclear>n</unclear>tyaṁ vandy<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>te siddhasa<sic>ṅ</sic>haiḥ<!--
L1. Bhandarkar reads a superfluous anusvāra after kamala. The dot is higher up, smaller, and apparently shallower than the anusvāra two characters further on, so I disregard it.
--><!--
L1. Bhandarkar reads caraṇa-kamala-mattyaṁ (after deleting the anusvāra over la, which I consider damage). He translates "lotus-like feet, which are the source of knowledge". I find the interpretation problematic, more so because the compound would be awkward, and the duplication of t before y would be unusual though not unprecedented. I feel it's more likely we have nty, with the top n looking rather like a t. I don't have a good translation for antya in the context, but it still feels much more natural. Possibly an adjective to something in apposition with caraṇa-kamala, e.g. whose lotus feet are praised as the ultimate [*refuge].
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="sragdharā">
<l n="a">rājā śrī-candraguptas tad-anu jayati yo medinīṁ sāgarāntāM|<!--
Note that halanta m is used at the end of the line, and is combined with a punctuation mark which is above it.
--></l>
<l n="b"><lb n="2"/><seg met="++++-++------++-++-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="21" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="c"><seg met="++++-++------++-++-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="21" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><seg met="++++-++------++-++-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="21" unit="character"/></seg></l>
</lg>
<lg n="3" met="upajāti">
<l n="a">śrī-candraguptasya mahendra-kalpaḥ<!--
Note that there is no punctuation mark after (or joined with) the visarga, though the halanta m at the end of the other 3 lines of this verse is combined with a dash.
--></l>
<l n="b">kumāraguptas-tanayas-sama<unclear>gr</unclear>āM|<!--
Bhandarkar prints sama(ggrā)m, which is possible on the basis of the facsimile; the photo seems to have grā with a single g.
--></l>
<l n="c">rarakṣa sādhvīm iva dharmma-patnīM|</l>
<l n="d">vīryyāgra-hastair upaguhya bhūmiM|</l>
</lg>
<p><lb n="3"/><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="44" unit="character"/><!--
My guess is that an entire upajāti verse is lost here. That would give us 68 syllables lost at the beginning of l3 (24 from the following vasantatilakā, plus 44 for an upajāti), which is just a bit more than the 63 syllables of 3 sragdharā quarters lost from l2.
--></p>
<lg n="4" met="vasantatilakā">
<l n="a"><seg met="++-+---+--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="14" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="b"><seg met="++-+---+--"><gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/></seg> <unclear>gā</unclear>gga-gauraḥ<!--
The visarga is clear in the photo, no jihvāmūlīya here.
--></l>
<l n="c">kṣity-ambare guṇa-samūha-ma<unclear>y</unclear>ūkha-jālo<space/><!--
Bhandarkar prints (may)ūkha. In the photo, ma is entirely clear. However, yū looks quite clearly like sū (or stra). I'm pretty confident that sū was in fact engraved, then possibly corrected to yū. Maybe this should be marked up.
--><!--
No punctuation at the end of this quarter, but there is a space of one character.
--></l>
<l n="d">nāmnoditas sa tu ghaṭotkacagupta-candraḥ<!--
No punctuation and no space here - the visarga seems to do the job.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="5" met="upajāti"><!--
Bhandarkar gives the metre as upendravajrā, which is true for the 2 extant lines, but given that the inscr does contain several mixed upajāti verses, my opinion is that any fragments that happen to be pure indravajrā or upendravajrā are because of chance.
-->
<l n="a">sa pūrvvajānāṁ sthira-sa<sic>tv</sic>a-kīrttir<!--
No punctuation, regular ligature connects to next quarter.
--></l>
<l n="b">bhujārjjitāṁ kīrttim abhiprapadya||<!--
the verse (and the line) ends with a double vertical daṇḍa, not horizontal dashes as before. The two strokes may be connected by a third, slanting from top left to mid-right.
--></l>
<l n="c"><lb n="4"/><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
</lg>
<p><gap reason="lost" precision="low" quantity="44" unit="character"/><!--
Again, probably one full upajāti verse (following the second half of v5) lost at the beginning of line 3. This would give a total of 70 lost syllables (6 upajāti lines + the beginning of the next verse).
--></p>
<lg n="6" met="upajāti"><!--
Bhandarkar again gives the metre as upendravajrā, I prefer just upajāti. If the restoration guptānvayānāṁ is correct, then it isn't pure upendra.
-->
<l n="a"><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">guptānvayā</supplied>nāṁ vasudheśvarāṇāM|<!--
The conjectural restoration guptānvayānām is from Agrawala, who gives no source for it; haven't checked Sircar. Bhandarkar just has nāṁ.
--><!--
The halanta m again seems to be combined with a horizontal dash, but the facsimile is blotchy here. Marking this up as punctuation
--></l>
<l n="b">samāśate ṣoḍaśavarṣayukte|</l>
<l n="c">kumāragupte nr̥patau p<choice><sic>ri</sic><corr>r̥</corr></choice>thivyāM|</l>
<l n="d">virāj<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>māne śaradīva sūryye||<!--
halanta m with dash above. The verse ends with a double vertical daṇḍa.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="7" met="upajāti"><!--
Bhandarkar again gives the metre as upendravajrā.
-->
<l n="a">vaṭodake sādhu-janādhi<unclear>vā</unclear><supplied reason="lost">se</supplied><!--
No punctuation at the end of this quarter, but this is the edge of the stone and even se is not complete (in fact not at all there in the photo).
--></l>
<l n="b"><lb n="5"/><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="c"><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
</lg>
<lg n="8" met="upajāti"><!--
Bhandarkar gives the metre as indravajrā.
-->
<l n="a"><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="b"><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="c"><seg met="=+-++--+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/></seg> taś<!--
No punctuation, quarter ends in ligature
--></l>
<l n="d">śrīdeva Ity-ūrjjita-nāmadheyaḥ<!--
Note that there is no punctuation at the end of this verse (as expected with a visarga). Nonetheless, this is in all likelihood the end of a stanza: the number of total lost syllables matches up, and there's no punctuation in the following lines either.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="9" met="upajāti"><!--
Bhandarkar gives the metre as indravajrā. In this case this is certainly correct, but given a long sequence of upajātis, it's probably just chance.
-->
<l n="a">tad-agrajo bhūd dharideva-saṁjñas<!--
No punctuation, quarter ends in ligature
--></l>
<l n="b">tato nujo yas tu sa dhanyadevaḥ<!--
No punctuation, quarter ends in visarga.
--></l>
<l n="c">tato varo yaś ca sa bhadradevas<!--
No punctuation, quarter ends in ligature
--></l>
<l n="d">tataẖ kanīyān api saṅ<choice><sic>h</sic><corr>gh</corr></choice>adeva<unclear>ḥ</unclear><!--
No punctuation at the end of this quarter, but this is the edge of the stone and even the visarga is not clear - there may have been a punctuation mark that is now weathered away.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="10" met="upajāti">
<l n="a"><lb n="6"/><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="b"><seg met="=+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg> <seg type="component" subtype="consonant"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><unclear>ā</unclear><seg type="component" subtype="conjunct"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><unclear>ana</unclear>-sakta-cittāḥ<!--
No punctuation, quarter ends in visarga
--></l>
<l n="c">samāna-<unclear>vr̥tt</unclear>ākr̥<unclear>t</unclear>i-<unclear cert="low">bhāva-dhīr</unclear>āḥ<!--
With (bhāvadh)ī(r)āḥ kr̥(t)ālayās I follow Sircar (SI), except that my unclear markings are somewhat different. Bhandarkar prints bhe[#da-bh]i[#nn]āḥ k(ṣatr)ālayās. I think the long ī of dhīrāḥ is clear, as is kr̥.
--><!--
No punctuation, quarter ends in visarga
--></l>
<l n="d">kr̥<unclear>t</unclear>ālayās t<unclear>u</unclear>mbavane babhūvuḥ||<!--
The final punctuation is a double vertical daṇḍa (possibly connected by a horizontal stroke near the top), not overruled in this case by the visarga.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="11" met="upajāti"><!--
Bhandarkar gives the metre as upendravajrā.
-->
<l n="a">akārayaṁs te giri-ś<choice><sic>ri</sic><corr>r̥</corr></choice>ṅga-tuṅgaṁ<!--
No punctuation here, and anusvāra is used instead of halanta m even though "vasudheśvarāṇāM| samāśate" in line 4 is an identical environment.
--></l>
<l n="b">śaśi-<supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->prabhaṁ</supplied> deva-<unclear>n</unclear>i<supplied reason="lost" cert="low"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->keta</supplied><lb n="7"/><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">naṁ</supplied> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><!--
Note that the first quarter ends in anusvāra, not halanta m as several earlier verses. Note that the last few akṣaras of this quarter-verse probably belong to the next line of the inscription. I've put the line break after keta, which would be the point where the previous two lines break - but in fact nothing is visible after (n)i and the line break may well have been there.
--></l>
<l n="c"><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><seg met="=+-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/></seg></l>
</lg>
<p><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
Nothing is extant of line 7, but given that the verse is incomplete, there must have been one. Any number of subsequent lines may have been lost.
--></p>
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<p>First noticed in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Garde1920_01"/></bibl>. Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Garde1941-1942_01"/></bibl>. Summarised in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Trivedi+Trivedi2001_01"/><citedRange>12-13</citedRange></bibl> (No. 2).</p>
<p>Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Balogh2019_03"/><citedRange unit="item">IN00024</citedRange></bibl>). Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.</p>
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<bibl><ptr target="bib:Bhandarkar1981_01"/><citedRange unit="item">20</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Bhandarkar1927-1936_01"/><citedRange unit="item">1269</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_02"/><citedRange unit="book">III</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">23</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Agrawala1983_01"/><citedRange unit="item">23</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Goyal1993_01"/><citedRange unit="item">156-161</citedRange></bibl>
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